EASY-TO-USE TEST KITS - BOILER & COOLING WATER
|
|
- Randolph Dickerson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EASY-TO-USE TEST KITS - BOILER & COOLING WATER Recommended Treatments: Diesel engine - cooling water testing Nitrites Cooltreat NCLT Chlorides ColorCooling ph NCLT Aluminium Motor vessels with low-pressure boilers "P" Alkalinity Boiler Treat One Shot Chlorides (or TDS Meter) Condensate Treat Nitrite Cooltreat NCLT ph Boiler Treat Multi High-pressure boiler water testing (Senior Cabinet) Hardness Hardness Control "P" Alkalinity Alkalinity Control "M" Alkalinity Hydrazine Chlorides Condensate Control Phosphate Oxygen Control ph (ph Meter) Liquid Coagulant Hydrazine - Conductivity (TDS Meter) - A TEST KIT TO SUIT ALL YOUR REQUIREMENTS Vecom TEST APPARATUS TEST CABINET The TEST CABINET has to be positioned close to fresh water tab so that all glassware can be washed after any of the tests. Measures: 440 x 290 x 620 Distance center holes to hang up cabinet: 358 mm Weight fully equipped: approx. 25 kg Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 20
2 CONTENTS OF STANDARD TEST CABINET Burette only 10 mis 3 SODIUM NITRITE TEST KIT (Optional) Reservoir bottle (glass) for burette 1 Sample tube marked 25 ml 1 Aspirator bulb w/glass tube 1 Dropper bottle 1 Stopper rubber 2 holes 1 Plastic dipper 1 Brass dipper 1 Acid sulfate 1 Brush test tube 1 Potassium permanganate 1 Casserole dish 1 ph TEST KIT (Optional) Cylinder graduated 50 mis 1 Test tube marked ml 1 Cylinder graduated 100 mis 1 Dropper bottle 1 Dropper bottles 3 ph color indicator card 1 Filter paper box 12 cm. 1 ph Reagent wide range 1 Funnel 1 HYDRAZINE TEST KIT (Optional LP Boiler) Measuring cup for water sample 500 cc 1 Hydrazine comparator block LP (0-0,5) 1 Phosphate comparator block PPM 1 Dropper bottle 1 Phosphate test tube marked Amber bottle marked 44 mis 1 Plastic squeeze bottle for molybdate 1 Test tube marked 5-10 mis 1 ph Test paper 1 Hydrazine reagent A 1 Stirring rod 1 Hydrazine reagent B 1 Shaker bottle 50 ml 1 SULFITE TEST (Optional) REAGENTS Methyl orange 1 Standard N/80 Potassium Iodine-Iodate 1 Molybdate reagent 1 Solution Phenolphtalein 1 Dry Acid Starch Indicator 1 Potassium chromate 1 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT (Optional) Silver nitrate N/10 1 TDS METER Total dissolved solid/hi Silver nitrate N/50 (HP Boiler) 1 TDS METER DIST 1 1 Standard soap solution 1 ph METER Digital (ph ep+) 1 Stannous chloride powder 1 Sulfuric acid N.10 1 HYDRAZINE TEST KIT (HP Boiler) Test Kit, contains 30 CHEMets, sampling tube comparator, mounting K-7540 clamps, finger cot & instructions, Refill Pack, contains 30 CHEMets, R-7540 Comparator, contains liquid color standard 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,40 PPB, C-7540 Sampling Tube, package of six, A-0020 Mounting Clamp Adhesive, package of six, A-0022 Mounting Clamp Permanent, package of six, A-0034 Finger Cot, package of ten, A-0028 Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 21
3 APPARATUS FOR WATER TESTS Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 22
4 SOAP HARDNESS TEST This test is conducted to measure any hardness such as CaCO 3 in the boiler water. 10 ml Automatic Burette Complete (1) 50 ml Graduated Soap Hardness Shaker Bottle (1) Reagent: Standard Soap Solution (1 ml = Calcium Carbonate) 1. If the sample to be tested is highly turbid, it should first be filtered. Any suspended hardness will give erroneous results. 2. Fill burette to 0 mark with Soap Solution, making sure that delivery tube is filled to tip. 3. Wash shaker-bottle thoroughly and rinse with sample to be tested. 4. Add 50 ml of cooled sample into the shaker bottle, using the graduated mark on the bottle for a guide. 5. Add Soap Solution from the burette, 0.2 at a time, shaking vigorously after each addition. Continue the addition of Soap Solution until a permanent lather is formed (a lather is considered permanent if it covers the entire surface of the sample after second with the bottle turned on its side). 6. Record burette reading. Deduct 0.3 mis from the reading. This is the lather factor of the Soap Solution and is the amount of Soap Solution required giving a lasting lather on zero hardness water. The result after such deduction is the total hardness of the sample. Multiply this value by 20 to get parts per million. Enter parts per million hardness on the log sheet. EXCESS PHOSPHATE TEST High Range Phosphate Mixing Testing Tube graduated at 5 ml and 17.5 ml with Rubber Stopper (1) Brass Measuring Spoon (1) Phosphate Color Comparator Block (1) Dry Stannous Chloride Power Molybdate Reagent 1. Using the funnel and the filter paper, filter a small portion of the water to be tested into a cylinder. 2. If the filtered sample is not clear it should be Re-filtered until a clear sample is obtained. It is important that no suspended matter should be present in the filtered sample. 3. Pour the clear filtered sample from the cylinder into the combination mixing-testing tube to the first graduated line (this is at 5 ml). 4. Add Molybdate Reagent to the 17.5 ml graduated line. 5. Mix well and then add one brass measuring cupful of Stannous Chloride Powder. 6. Insert rubber stopper into combination mixing-testing tube. Shake well and allow to stand for a minute or two again to permit solution to mix thoroughly. A blue color will develop if any Phosphate is present. 7. To determine the amount of Phosphate present, compare the blue color of the sample in the combination mixingtesting tube with the standard colors in the Phosphate comparator block. For example, if the intensity of the blue color in the test tube is half way between 40 parts per million and 60 part per million standard colors, then 50 PPM is present in the sample. 8. Record this value as the Phosphate concentration in parts per million on the log sheet. LOW PHOSPHATE TEST FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILER from 57 to 102 Kg/cm 2 The phosphate test tube must be marked ,5 ml but is used only to the ml marks. 1. Filter 10 ml of boiler water into phosphate mixing test tube. 2. Add molybdate reagent to 14 ml mark. Stopper tube and mix well. 3. Add one level brass dipper of dry stannous chloride. Stopper tube and mix well, allow to stand 1-5 minutes. A light blue color will develop if phosphate is present. 4. Place phosphate mixing test tube in the phosphate comparator block and compare the color. Note: from 57 to 102 kg/cm2 level phosphates must be PPM. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 23
5 HYDRAZINE TEST (Low Pressure Boiler Water) Hydrazine Comparator Block (0-0.5 PPM) (1) Test tube marked at 5 and 10 ml, with stopper (1) Amber stopper bottle marked at 44 ml for making mixed Hydrazine Reagent (1) Plastic measuring spoon (approximately 1/2 teaspoon) (1) Hydrazine Reagent A - powder Hydrazine Reagent B - liquid Every two weeks prepare the freshly mixed Hydrazine Reagent used in this test: Mix 1 rounded plastic spoonful (approximately 1/2 level teaspoon) Hydrazine Reagent A in 44 ml Hydrazine Reagent B in the amber glass bottle. Shake until Reagent Powder A is completely dissolved. Keep tightly closed in a cool place. Discard any mixed reagent over two weeks old. 1. Make test immediately after drawing sample to minimize contact with oxygen. Do not filter this sample. 2. Rinse test tube with water to be analyzed. 3. Fill test tube to the 5 ml mark with sample to be tested. 4. Add mixed Hydrazine Reagent to the 10 ml mark. 5. Stopper test tube and thoroughly mix. Allow to stand for 5 minutes. 6. Place test tube in comparator block and compare the color of the sample nearest to the color standard. 7. Record PPM of Hydrazine on the log sheet. SULFITE TEST (Low Pressure Boiler Water) Automatic 10 ml Burette Complete (1) 50 ml Graduated Cylinder (1) Stirring Rod (1) Casserole Dish (1) Standard N/80 Potassium Iodide - Iodate Solution Dry Acid Starch Indicator 1. Measure 50 ml of the cooled boiler water C to be tested in the graduated cylinder and pour the sample into the casserole. 2. While stirring the sample constantly with the stirring rod, add 2 drops of Phenolphtalein. The sample turns red. 3. While continuing to stir, add one, two or more dippers full of Dry Acid Starch Indicator to the sample in the casserole dish until the red color disappears. 4. Fill the burette with Potassium Iodide - Iodate to the zero mark. 5. Resume stirring the sample and add Potassium Iodide - Iodate, drop by drop, from the burette to the casserole. 6. Stop adding the Potassium Iodide - Iodate when a faint but permanent blue color appears. This is the end-point. Read the burette. Results: When testing a 50 ml sample: Burette reading in ml x 10 = PPM. Sulfite as SO 3. Example: 2.5 ml x PPM. Sulfite SO 3. Note: The end-point is the first appearance of a faint, permanent blue color; not the deep blue color that develops if Potassium Iodide - Iodate is added past the end-point. The accuracy of this test is affected by any oxidizing substance in the water sample, such as organic matter, sulfite or nitrite, which may actually present. Keep sample bottle capped until ready to use. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 24
6 HYDRAZINE TEST FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS From 57 to 102 Kg/cm2 (model H5 cat. n K5005) This test is conducted to measure the hydrazine as N2H4 Hydrazine comparator cylinder (1) Snapper (1) Hydrazine sample self-filling vial (1) n 30 vials (CHEMets Type H cat. n R 5005) 1. Place a CHEMet in the barrel of the snapper, tapered tip first, and immerse the end of the snapper in the sample. Press the vial with the thumb to snap the tip. The sample fluid will fill the ampoule, mix with the reagent, and form colored solution whose intensity corresponds to the concentration of hydrazine. A small bubble will remain in the tube 2. Remove the ampoule from the snapper and invert it several times, allowing the bubble to travel from end to end each time until the solution is uniform in color. 3. Allow 10 minutes for color development, then place the ampoule in the center tube of the comparator, flat end first. The top of the cylinder is then directed toward a strong white light while viewing from the bottom. Hold the comparator in a nearly horizontal position and rotate it until the color standard below the vial shows the closest match. P.S.: if the sample is turbid remember to filter it prior to testing to avoid errors in reading. CHLORIDE TEST FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS 10 ml Automatic Burette Complete (1) 50 ml Measuring cylinder graduated (1) Casserole dish (1) Stirring rod (1) 1 oz. Dropper bottle (1) Potassium Chromate Silver Nitrate N/50 1. Fill the silver nitrate N\50 burette to the zero mark. 2. To the same sample remaining from total alkalinity test, add 1 dropper full of potassium chromate Indicator. This will produce a yellow color. 3. Add silver nitrate N\50 from the automatic burette one drop at a time. Stir continuously until a reddish brown color develops. 4. This is the end point. Note: Deduct a blank of 0.2 ml of the burette reading and then multiply by 14 to obtain parts per million in terms of Cl. Record the PPM of Cl on the log sheet. Alternative Chloride test: To 50 ml of new water sample add four drops of phenolphtalein. If pink color develops add sulfuric acid N\10 until color disappears. Then proceed with point 1 above. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 25
7 DISSOLVED OXYGEN TEST METHODS FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS THE CHEMet TEST METHOD Calorimetric determination of dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwater is well established as an accurate and reliable test method (ASTM D888). However, the development of CHEMets 1 and the use of a more sensitive reagent, Rhodazine D 2, have greatly improved the calorimetric test. With CHEMets, the chance for atmospheric contamination has been reduced and the need for preparing and using a highly degradable reagent has been eliminated. The use of Rhodazine D has also expanded the area of applicability to seawater. Each CHEMet contains a carefully measured quantity of Rhodazine D sufficient to react with a level of oxygen slightly higher than the range of the test. In its reduced (in-oxidized) form, the dye is a pale yellow; however, contact with oxygen changes the color to a deep rose. MOUNTING THE SAMPLING TUBE The plastic sampling tube supplied with this kit is a convenient and reliable method of avoiding atmospheric contamination during sampling. Two clamps are included for attaching the sampling tube to any conveniently located, flat surface. Mounting the clamp is accomplished either by screw or adhesive. If no convenient flat surface is available, the sampling tube can be attached to a vertical rod or pipe above a sink, drain or bucket. To use the black, screw-mounted clamp, insert a screw (not included) through the hole in the back of the clamp and affix it at the desired location. To use the gray, adhesive- backed clamp, simply peel off the paper backing and press the clamp firmly into place. Flexible rubber tubing should be used to connect the sampling tube to the feedwater source. Press the lower portion of the sampling tube into the jaws of the clamp with the rubber tubing connection directed downward. WATER SAMPLE MEASURING D.O. IN A FLOWING STREAM SAMPLING The most critical part of any dissolved oxygen (D.O.) test is sampling. The sample stream must be completely leak-free, since even the smallest bubble can elevate the level of D.O. in the sample and cause errors in the analysis. New sampling systems should be purged for several hours, while those used routinely may require only a few minutes. For best results, the sample stream should be cooled to ambient temperature before performing the test procedure. The flow rate of the sample stream should be ml per minute. TEST PROCEDURE 1. For several minutes, purge the sampling system with feedwater that is flowing at the fastest possible rate, and has a temperature of F. This will remove trapped air bubbles. Reduce the flow to ml per minute and cool the sample to ambient temperature. 2. When the system is fully purged, insert a CHEMet so that the tapered tip is at the bottom of the sampling tube. Snap the tip by gently pressing the upper end of the ampoule toward the wall of the sampling tube (see drawing). The sample will fill the ampoule and begin to mix with the reagent. NOTE: a small bubble of inert gas will remain in the ampoule to facilitate mixing. 3. Immediately remove the CHEMet from the sampling tube. Keep the tip down and cover the opening with a finger. NOTE: Use the finger cot supplied with the kit to prevent skin puncture. 4. The color comparison must be made within 30 seconds after breaking the tip of the ampoule. Quickly mix the contents of the ampoule by inverting it several times, allowing the bubble to travel from end to end each time. 5. Wipe all liquid from the exterior of the ampoule and use the comparator to determine the level of dissolved oxygen in the sample. USING THE COMPARATOR The CHEMet is placed in the center tube of the comparator, flat end downward. The top of the cylinder is then directed toward a source of bright, white light while viewing from the bottom. Hold the comparator in a nearly horizontal position and rotate it until the color standard below the CHEMet shows the closest match. REORDER INFORMATION Test Kit, contains 30 CHEMets, sampling tube comparator, mounting K-7540 clamps, finger cot & instructions Refill Pack, contains 30 CHEMets, R-7540 Comparator, contains liquid color standard 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,40 PPB, C-7540 Sampling Tube, package of six, A-0020 Mounting Clamp Adhesive, package of six, A-0022 Mounting Clamp Permanent, package of six, A-0034 Finger Cot, package of ten, A-0028 Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 26
8 PHENOLPHTALEIN ALKALINITY TEST (P-ALKALINITY) 10 ml, Automatic Burette Complete (1) 50 ml Measuring Cylinder (1) Casserole Dish (1) Stirring Rod (1) 1 oz. Dropping Bottle (1) Phenolphtalein indicator Solution Sulfuric Acid N/ If the sample to be tested is turbid, it should first be filtered. 2. Fill burette to 0 mark with sulfuric acid solution, making sure that delivery tube is filled to tip. 3. Wash casserole dish and measuring cylinder thoroughly and rinse with sample to be tested. 4. Measure 50 ml of cooled sample using the measuring cylinder and transfer into casserole dish. 5. Add 4 drops of phenolphtalein Indicator to the sample and stir. If the sample remains colorless, record P = 0 and proceed to the following test. If sample turns pink proceed as follows. 6. Add sulfuric acid slowly from burette, a few drops at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition. Continue addition of acid until pink color just disappears. Note: Multiply burette reading by 100 to get parts per million. Record parts per million on log sheet under P-Alkalinity. Do not discard sample. Keep for next test. Do not refill burette to 0 mark. TOTAL ALKALINITY TEST (M-ALKALINITY) Same as previous test Methyl Orange Sulfuric Acid N/10 1. Using the same water sample from the previous alkalinity test, proceed as follows: 2. Add 3 drops of methyl orange Indicator to the sample. If the sample turns salmon pink, record M = P on the log sheet. If a yellow color develops, proceed as follows. 3. Add sulfuric acid slowly from the burette, a few drops at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition of acid until the color changes from yellow to salmon pink. Note: Multiply burette reading by 100 to get parts per million, Record parts per million on the log sheet under M-Alkalinity. Do not discard sample. Keep for the next test. As an alternative to Methyl Orange, Methyl Purple may be substituted, proceeding as follows: 1. Add 3 drops of methyl purple indicator to the sample. If the sample turns purple, record M = P on the log sheet. If a green color develops, proceed as follows. 2. Add sulfuric acid slowly from the burette, a few drops at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition of acid until the color changes from green to purple. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 27
9 CHLORIDES TEST 10 ml, Automatic Burette Complete (1) 50 ml Measuring Cylinder (1) Casserole Dish (1) Stirring Rod (1) 1 oz, Dropper Bottle (1) Potassium Chromate N/10 Silver Nitrate Solutions 1. Fill the silver nitrate burette to the zero mark, to the same sample remaining from the total alkalinity test; add 1 dropper full of potassium chromate indicator. This will produce a yellow color. 2. Add silver nitrate from the automatic burette one drop at a time, stirring continuously until a light reddish brown color develops. 3. This is the end point. Note: Multiply the burette reading by 71 to obtain ports per million in terms of Cl. Record parts per million as Cl. on the log sheet. Alternative Chlorides Test: To 50 ml of new water sample add four drops phenolphtalein. If pink color develops add sulfuric acid until the color disappears, Then proceed with 1 above. Use this alternative chloride test for cooling water. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS METER HI 8734 The HI 8734 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) meter is designed to give precise TDS measurements for solution ranging from colonized water up to seawater Its multi-range capability allows you to use it in a wide variety of applications without the need of changing probes. The HI 8734 has manual temperature compensation with digital readout for temperature, and an adjustable trimmer to calibrate readings, Probe with a 1 m cable allows you to take measurements in those hard-to reach places. One 9V battery for complete probability powers the meter. The HI 8734 is ideal for such diverse applications as controlling the amount of fertilizer in an irrigation system, verifying water quality, and preventing scale build up in boilers and cooling towers. SPECIFICATIONS (Instrument and probe complete with soft carrying case) Range: Resolution: Low range 0.0 to mg/lt. or PPM 0,1 mg/lt. Medium range 0 to 1999 mg/lt. or PPM 1 mg/lt. High range 0.00 to 19,99 g/it or PPM 0.01 g/lt. Accuracy: Temperature Compensation: Display: Power Supply: Probe: Probe material: Electrode material: Dimensions: Weight: Optional Accessories: ± 1% full scale Manual from 0 to 50 C by means of the knob A 4 digit LC display plus symbols A 9V battery providing approximately 100 hours of continuous use. A four-ring probe PVC Stainless steel 180 x 83 x 46 mm (Length x Width x Height) 620 g - HI Spare Electrode - HI 7032 Calibration Solution - Digital Thermometer Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 28
10 1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Remove the instrument from the packing material and examine carefully to make sure that no damage has occurred during shipment if noticeable damage is evident, immediately notify the shipper and contact your VECOM OFFICE. 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The HI 8734 Total Dissolved Solids Meter determines the total quantity of solids present in an aqueous solution by measuring the conductivity at 25 C and providing a read-out, which is equivalent to the measured value multiplied by 0.5. The conductivity of any given solution depends upon the temperature and for this reason, if the measurement is not performed at 25 C, temperature compensation must be performed. Adjusting the knob on the front panel automatically compensates the measurement for temperature differences by a coefficient of 2% per degrees Centigrade. The T.D.S. measurement (expressed in mg/lt. or PPM) is an approximate indication of the total quantity of solids present in a solution as the ratio between conductivity and T.D.S. depends upon the type of solids, which are present in the solution. In any case, when rigorous precision is not required or when only measurement repeatability is required this conductivity method often results to be the most simple and direct. Three measurement ranges are provided which allow for measurements from 0,0 mg/lt. to g/lt. (19990 PPM). The instrument comes equipped with a probe in a PVC body with 4 stainless steel electrodes and protected by a PVC sleeve with drilled in holes for air to escape. This sleeve must not be removed during measurement because its presence obliges the current being measured to follow a predetermined course. 3. THE FRONT PANEL The front panel is equipped with: (see Fig. 1) A 4-digit LCD plus a V symbol which indicates when the battery must be replaced; A knob for temperature compensation from 0 to 50 C ; A keyboard for switching the instrument on and off and for the selection of the range most suited to the type of measurement being performed. 4. CALIBRATION In order to calibrate the instrument, a solution containing a significant quantity of dissolved solids must be used. If a ratio of exactly 0.5 mg/lt. per S/cm is desired, Hi 7032 solution may be used which has a conductivity index of 2764 S/ cm at 25 C equivalent to a T.D.S. value of 1382 mg/lt. In order to perform the calibration: Switch the instrument on. Immerse the probe in the solution. Wait until the probe comes into equilibrium with the temperature of the solution (a matter of minutes). Take the temperature of the calibration solution. Set the Temperature knob to the measured temperature value. Switch the instrument to the appropriate measurement scale for the sample solution being used (1999 mg/lt. for the Hi 7032 solution). Turn the internal trimmer (Fig. 1) so as to read the correct value on the display (1382 mg/lt. for the Hi 7032 solution at 25 C. This trimmer may be reached with a thin screwdriver through the hole on the right side of the casing. If the temperature of the calibration solution is not 25 C refer to the table of conductivity values printed on the solution label for the correct trimmer setting. For maximum precision, calibrate the instrument to within + 5 degrees of the working temperature, and keep the bottles of standard solution well sealed in order to limit evaporation and keep possible interactions with the environment to a minimum. 5. T.D.S. MEASUREMENTS Once the instrument has been calibrated, set the Temperature knob to the temperature value of the liquid being measured and immerse the probe. Make sure that bubbles of air do not remain trapped inside the probe. For this reason, slightly tap the probe on the bottom of the recipient. If the read-out value is higher than the selected scale, the display will indicate a 1 in the digit closed to be left, while the other digits will remain turned off, In this case, select the next higher range. 6. PROBE MAINTENANCE After every series of measurements, rinse the electrode with normal tap water. If more through cleaning is required, remove the PVC sleeve and clean to electrode with a cloth or a non-abrasive detergent. When reinserting the sleeve into the probe, be sure that the sleeve is in the right direction with the four holes nearer to the cable-end. The probe body is in PVC and this is the reason why it must never come into close contact with a heat-source. If the probe is subjected to excessive heating, detachment of the rings might occur, resulting in a serious impairment of the functioning of the probe. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 29
11 DIST 1 ATC TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TESTER SPECIFICATIONS: Range 10 to 1990 PPM Resolution 10 PPM Accuracy + 2% Fs Temperature compensation Automatic 5 C to 50 C Battery 4 x 1,4V (Duracell MP 675H or equivalent) Battery life 200 hours (approx.) Operating temperature 0 C to 50 C Size (L x W x H) 142 x 29 x 15mm Adjustment By trimmer Weight 91 gr. (approx.) OPERATING INFORMATION: Remove protective cap (figure1) Turn on Dist by On-Off switch located on top (figure2) Dip Dist in solution up to the immersion level (figure 2) Under no circumstances immerse above display level Stir gently and wait a few seconds When Dist is first introduced to a solution, the readings might decrease or increase for some time depending on whether the temperature is above or below 20 C respectively. This is due to the fact that Dist is compensating for the difference in temperature. Please wait approx. 2 minutes to allow the temperature sensor to fully compensate for the temperature variance. When not in use, switch off Dist and replace protective cap. To improve performance, clean the stainless steel electrodes periodically rinsing it in alcohol for a few minutes. Replace all 4 batteries if the display becomes faint or disappears or if the readings are unstable or constant. To change batteries, pull out the battery case (figure 2) and replace batteries. Dist is pre-adjusted in factory at 20 C, with Atc, Dist automatically adjusts the subsequent readings at 2% per degree. To read the value of the solution at please dip Dist in a known solution at 25 C and adjust the reading by the adjustment trimmer (see figure 2). To readjust Dist, dip it in a known solution at 20 C (or other temperature if working with a different reference point) and correct the reading if necessary by trimmer using a small screwdriver. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 30
12 ph TEST OF CONDENSATE This test is conducted to determine the ph of condensate when Hydrazine or Condensate Control is used. Recommended range 8.3 to 9.0. In no case should the Hydrazine reserve in the boiler water exceed 0.1 PPM. 50 ml Graduated Measuring Cylinder (1) Casserole Dish (1) Stirring Rod (1) Phenolphtalein N/10 Sulfuric Acid 1. Obtain sample of condensate from nearest point to the main condenser, preferably the condensate pump discharge. 2. Thoroughly rinse measuring cylinder in sample to be tested and measure 50 ml transfer sample to casserole dish and add four drops of phenolphtalein. 3. If no color change occurs the ph is below If a faint pink color develops add N/10 sulfuric acid one drop at a time until the pink disappears. 5. This is the end-point. 6. If one drop of N/10 sulfuric acid changes the color from pink to clear; log ph of condensate = If two drops of N/10 sulfuric acid changes the color; log ph = = = 8.9. Note: for high-pressure boiler ph test: If more than 2 drops of sulfuric acid N/10 are necessary to change the color, reduce the hydrazine or the condensate dosage until a ph between 8,3 to 8,5 is obtained. If the quantity of sulfuric acid N/10 necessary to change the color is such to read a P-alkalinity very close to the boiler alkalinity, could means a possible carry over or infiltration to de-super-heater. ph TEST WIDE RANGE Stopper vial marked at 10 and 11 ml (1) Color Comparator card (1) Reagent: Wide range ph indicator (range 3-11). 1. Fill vial to first mark (10 ml) with sample to be tested. 2. Fill to second mark (11 ml) with Wide Range ph indicator. 3. Stopper vial and invert to mix. 4. Compare color to color comparator card and record results. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 31
13 INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS: 7-28 KG/CM 2 ( PSIG) DOSE ALKALINITY CONTROL Total alkalinity should be less than twice the P-Alkalinity. If total Alkalinity is greater than twice the P-Alkalinity, blowdown and use ALKALINITY CONTROL. When using distilled water make-up, maximum chlorides allowable should not exceed 100 PPM. Check chlorides when using raw water make-up. Maximum allowable before blowdown should never exceed 300 PPM in low-pressure boiler. Note: chlorides are an indication of the dissolved solids present in boiler water. For accurate determination of dissolved solids use a conductivity meter. Condensate ph: Maintain DOSE HARDNESS CONTROL LIQUID COAGULANT: If needed, dose 250 ml daily, per boiler. Flash blow frequently. CONDUCTIVITY (T.D.S.) Maximum 600 PPM blowdown to reduce All chemical dosages are based on distilled water make-up. Additional chemical dosage will be necessary when raw water make-up is used. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 32
14 INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS KG/CM 2 ( PSIG) HYDRAZINE TESTING AND CONTROL It is desirable to minimize the quantity of hydrazine employed to scavenge oxygen, for economy as well as reducing the amount of ammonia that will be formed by the decomposition of hydrazine. Ammonia in the presence of oxygen is corrosive to copper and copper alloys. It will be necessary to test the hydrazine residuals in the boiler daily in order to obtain complete protection with minimum doses of HYDRAZINE. If the hydrazine residual in the boiler is over 0.1 PPM, reduce the dosage of HYDRAZINE until the boiler hydrazine residual falls below the recommended maximum of 0.1 PPM. If the hydrazine residual does not immediately drop below the 0.1 PPM level, the boiler should be blowdown to reduce the hydrazine level. New boilers, or those recently open for inspection and repair, may take several weeks to achieve a normal boiler hydrazine residual due to oxides. This is normal, and until a hydrazine residual is obtained in the boiler water, test the feed water for the hydrazine content. Maintain the hydrazine reading in the feed water between 0.02 and 0.03 PPM. No oxygen is entering the boiler with the feed water when hydrazine is present in the water. HYDRAZINE may be dosed into the feed pump suction, more preferably, to the storage section of the deaerator, which will maximize the residence and reaction time. A separate dosing tank and pump set should be used for dosing HYDRAZINE to the system. (CONDENSATE CONTROL may be fed with the HYDRAZINE.) The estimated daily dose should be mixed with condensate and the pump should be to deliver the daily dosage over an entire 24 hour period. If a pump and tank set is not available, HYDRAZINE (and CONDENSATE CONTROL) can be added to the system through a tank and flowmeter into the atmospheric drain tank. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 33
15 INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS: KG/CM 2 ( PSIG) BLOWDOWN CONTROL: EXCESS ALKALINITY AND CHLORIDES VECOM PHOSPHATE - ph CONTROL SYSTEM VECOM Phosphate ph Control System is similar to the Boiler Water Control System used on lower pressure boilers except that no free caustic is present to concentrate and attack boiler watersides. The elimination of free caustic is possible by using phosphate (HARDNESS CONTROL) in accord with the accompanying graph when compounding and as a guide to blowdown control. To avoid free caustic, maintain boiler water ph below the line of the curve on the chart for any given phosphate reading. If ph is high, blowdown to reduce to the appropriate range. If ph is low, and phosphate reading is in the proper range, add ALKALINITY CONTROL based on dosing chart on this page. Retest boiler ph after introducing ALKALINITY CONTROL and if it is still low, and the phosphate reading is in good range, repeat ALKALINITY CONTROL dosage and retest. If ph is high according to phosphate ph chart, blowdown to reduce ph, which also reduces the phosphate level. Test and if the phosphate reading is below recommended limits, add phosphate (HARDNESS CONTROL) only. This procedure will reduce ph. Retest phosphate and ph referring to graph, if ph is still high repeat procedure. NOTE: Balance of phosphate-ph to eliminate free caustic is easily achieved with the use of distilled feed. If raw water or contaminated water is employed, it may be difficult or impossible to achieve a proper balance. Distilled feed should be restored as soon as possible. PHOSPHATE AND ph OF BOILER WATER ARE CONTROLLED SIMULTANEOUSLY. PHOSPHATE AND ph PLOTS SHOULD INTERSECT IN THE SHADED AREA. Vecom Marine is a joint venture of Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version Chapter 11 - Page 34
WATER TREATMENT THE NEED FOR CONTROL COMMON IMPURITIES FOUND IN WATER. CALCIUM CARBONATE (CaCO3) CALCIUM SULFATE (CaSO4) MAGNESIUM SULFATE (MgSO4)
THE NEED FOR CONTROL Vecom Marine clean ships - clean seas BOILER WATER TREATMENT Whether distilled or raw (city) water is used for boiler make-up, chemical treatment is necessary to counteract harmful
More informationPhosphorus, Reactive (Orthophosphate)
Phosphorus, Reactive (Orthophosphate) DOC316.53.01113 Amino Acid Method 1 Method 8178 0.23 to 30.00 mg/l PO 4 Reagent Solution Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. 1 Adapted from
More informationMilwaukee USER MANUAL
Milwaukee USER MANUAL PORTABLE DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER MODEL: MW600 Smart DO Meter PROBE PREPARATION: The meter is supplied with a 9V battery. Slide off the battery compartment cover on the back of the
More informationBest Practice in Boiler Water Treatment
Best Practice in Boiler Water Treatment Boiler Water Treatment Part 2 Internal Treatment Objectives of Internal Water Treatment 1 To control the level of total dissolved solids (TDS) within the boiler
More informationMilwaukee USER MANUAL. Milwaukee. Smart DO Meter PORTABLE DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER MODEL: SM600. Authorized Dealer: ISMIL600 11/01
Milwaukee Milwaukee USER MANUAL PORTABLE DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER MODEL: SM600 Smart DO Meter Authorized Dealer: ISMIL600 11/01 PROBE PREPARATION: The meter is supplied with a 9V battery. Slide off the battery
More informationCadmium Reduction Method Method 8039 0.3 to 30.0 mg/l NO 3 N (HR) Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls
Nitrate DOC316.53.01066 Cadmium Reduction Method Method 8039 0.3 to 30.0 mg/l NO 3 N (HR) Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation Instrument-specific
More informationOXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry
Experiment No. Date OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry INTRODUCTION Potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, is probably the most widely used of all volumetric oxidizing agents. It is a powerful oxidant
More information4.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDES
4.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDES Sl. No. Contents Preamble 4.1 Aim 4.2 Introduction 4.2.1 Environmental Significance 4.3 Principle 4.4 Materials Required 4.4.1 Apparatus Required 4.4.2 Chemicals
More informationLesson 5: Water Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids Water Quality Sampling
Lesson 5: Water Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids Water Quality Sampling Time Frame: Two 45-50 minute class periods Grade Level: 8 th 12 th Grade Overview: There are a wide variety of inorganic substances
More informationOperator Quick Guide EC SENSOR
Operator Quick Guide EC SENSOR Revision G - 24/04/2008 General Information About This Guide The information in this guide has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate. However, Hach Ultra
More informationUSEPA 1 FerroVer Method 2 Method 8008 0.02 to 3.00 mg/l Fe Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls
Iron, Total DOC316.53.01053 USEPA 1 FerroVer Method 2 Method 8008 0.02 to 3.00 mg/l Fe Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater; digestion is required
More informationRecovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate
Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Objectives: Challenge: Students should be able to - recognize evidence(s) of a chemical change - convert word equations into formula equations - perform
More informationExperiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by Hypochlorite Oxidation
Experiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by ypochlorite xidation In this experiment we will prepare cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol using hypochlorite oxidation. We will use common household bleach that
More information5.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS
5.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS Sl. No. Contents Preamble 5.1 Aim 5.2 Introduction 5.2.1 Environmental Significance 5.3 Principle 5.4 Materials Required 5.4.1 Apparatus Required 5.4.2
More informationSyllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety of solutions, and classify these as acidic, basic or neutral
Chemistry: 9. Acids and Bases Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety
More informationMixtures and Pure Substances
Unit 2 Mixtures and Pure Substances Matter can be classified into two groups: mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are the most common form of matter and consist of mixtures of pure substances. They
More informationChemistry 112 Laboratory Experiment 6: The Reaction of Aluminum and Zinc with Hydrochloric Acid
Chemistry 112 Laboratory Experiment 6: The Reaction of Aluminum and Zinc with Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Many metals react with acids to form hydrogen gas. In this experiment, you will use the reactions
More informationCOMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS
COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS Beakers are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid or solid samples. They are also used to catch liquids from titrations and filtrates from filtering operations. Bunsen
More informationph Measurements of Common Substances
Chem 100 Section Experiment 10 Name Partner s Name Introduction ph Measurements of Common Substances The concentration of an acid or base is frequently expressed as ph. Historically, ph stands for the
More informationTrace Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Instruction Sheet PN 51A-499ATRDO/rev.G September 2010 Model 499A TrDO Trace Dissolved Oxygen Sensor For additional information, please visit our website at www.emersonprocess.com/raihome/liquid/. CAUTION
More informationExperiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment
Experiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment Matter can be classified into two groups: mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are the most common form of matter and consist of mixtures of pure substances.
More informationDetermination of a Chemical Formula
1 Determination of a Chemical Formula Introduction Molar Ratios Elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds. For example, consider the compound TiCl 4 (titanium chloride). Each molecule of TiCl
More informationVitamin C Content of Fruit Juice
1 Vitamin C Content of Fruit Juice Introduction Vitamin C Vitamins are organic compounds that have important biological functions. For instance, in humans they enable a variety of enzymes in the body to
More informationLead Testing and On Site Calibration for Water Testing Detection Range: 2 100ppb
Document: AND Lead 100 7 2013 Lead Testing and On Site Calibration for Water Testing Detection Range: 2 100ppb July, 2013 Edition 1 ANDalyze, Inc., 2012. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Table of Contents
More informationAIRFREE TECHNIQUE AND SENSITIVE REAGENTS S ECTI O N 1: GLASS W ARE A ND E Q UIP M ENT. A. Using a manifold
AIRFREE TECHNIQUE AND SENSITIVE REAGENTS S ECTI O N 1: GLASS W ARE A ND E Q UIP M ENT Some organic compounds are air sensitive. They can react with the water vapor or oxygen in the air. In order to perform
More informationFree SO 2. by Aeration-Oxidation. A n o t h e r M o r e M a n u a l!
Free SO 2 by Aeration-Oxidation A n o t h e r M o r e M a n u a l! Provided by MoreWine! A MoreFlavor!, Inc. Brand www.morewinemaking.com 1-800-600-0033 H570 MT116 MT104 D1702 MT117 R335 D1702 Kit Item
More informationThe Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Algae Growth
The Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Algae Growth The first objective of this experiment is to show that increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, CO 2, can stimulate algae growth. The second
More informationChapter 16: Tests for ions and gases
The position of hydrogen in the reactivity series Hydrogen, although not a metal, is included in the reactivity series because it, like metals, can be displaced from aqueous solution, only this time the
More informationMethod 8155 NITROGEN, AMMONIA (0 to 0.50 mg/l NH 3 -N) For water, wastewater, seawater
Method 8155 NITROGEN, AMMONIA (0 to 0.50 mg/l NH 3 -N) For water, wastewater, seawater Salicylate Method * 1. Enter the stored program number for ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N). 2. Press: 64 ENTER The display
More informationOxidation States of Copper Two forms of copper oxide are found in nature, copper(i) oxide and copper(ii) oxide.
The Empirical Formula of a Copper Oxide Reading assignment: Chang, Chemistry 10 th edition, pp. 55-58. Goals The reaction of hydrogen gas with a copper oxide compound will be studied quantitatively. By
More informationCalibration of Volumetric Glassware
Chemistry 119: Experiment 2 Calibration of Volumetric Glassware For making accurate measurements in analytical procedures, next in importance to the balance is volumetric equipment. In this section volumetric
More informationANALYSIS OF FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY EXERCISE
ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY EXERCISE Determination of total nitrogen in food and crude protein calculation (Kjeldahl method) Responsible person: Assoc.Prof. Ing.Kateřina Riddellová,
More informationLZV585 (B) The 1-cm path is aligned with the arrow on the adapter. 5940506
Chlorine, Total DOC316.53.01029 USEPA DPD Method 1 Method 10070 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l Cl 2 (HR) Powder Pillows Scope and application: For testing higher levels of total chlorine (free and combined) in drinking
More informationTo see how this data can be used, follow the titration of hydrofluoric acid against sodium hydroxide below. HF (aq) + NaOH (aq) H2O (l) + NaF (aq)
Weak Acid Titration v120413 You are encouraged to carefully read the following sections in Tro (2 nd ed.) to prepare for this experiment: Sec 4.8, pp 158-159 (Acid/Base Titrations), Sec 16.4, pp 729-43
More informationCare and use guide. Contents. a handy solution made easy. www.getbluelab.com. page
Care and use guide Contents page Features Quick guide Before use To operate Important - ph pen probe care 4 Cleaning 5 Battery replacement 5 Hydration 6 Calibration 6 Error messages 7 Troubleshooting guide
More informationExStik TM ph Waterproof Meters
User Guide ExStik TM ph Waterproof Meters Models PH100 & PH110 Patent Pending ExStik TM Description Front Panel Controls 1. Battery compartment cap 2. LCD Display 3. MODE / HOLD button 4. CAL / RECALL
More informationAcid Base Titrations
Acid Base Titrations Introduction A common question chemists have to answer is how much of something is present in a sample or a product. If the product contains an acid or base, this question is usually
More informationChlorine, Total. DPD Method 1 Method 10101 0.09 to 5.00 mg/l Cl 2 Test 'N Tube Vials. Test preparation. Instrument-specific information
Chlorine, Total DOC316.53.01028 DPD Method 1 Method 10101 0.09 to 5.00 mg/l Cl 2 Test 'N Tube Vials Scope and application: For testing higher levels of total (free plus combined) chlorine in drinking water,
More informationAbsorbance Spectrophotometry: Analysis of FD&C Red Food Dye #40
Absorbance Spectrophotometry: Analysis of FD&C Red Food Dye #40 Note: there is a second document that goes with this one! 2046 - Absorbance Spectrophotometry - Calibration Curve Procedure. The second document
More informationIn this experiment, we will use three properties to identify a liquid substance: solubility, density and boiling point..
Identification of a Substance by Physical Properties 2009 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included Every substance has a unique set
More informationExperiment 5 Preparation of Cyclohexene
Experiment 5 Preparation of yclohexene In this experiment we will prepare cyclohexene from cyclohexanol using an acid catalyzed dehydration reaction. We will use the cyclohexanol that we purified in our
More informationEvaluation copy. Titration of a Diprotic Acid: Identifying an Unknown. Computer
Titration of a Diprotic Acid: Identifying an Unknown Computer 25 A diprotic acid is an acid that yields two H + ions per acid molecule. Examples of diprotic acids are sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4, and carbonic
More informationMeasurement by Ion Selective Electrodes
Measurement by Ion Selective Electrodes Adrian Vazquez May 8, 2012 Why Use Ion Selective Electrodes? Responsive over a wide concentration range Not affected by color or turbidity of sample Rugged and durable
More informationACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND
#3. Acid - Base Titrations 27 EXPERIMENT 3. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND Carbonate Equilibria In this experiment a solution of hydrochloric
More informationBluelab Soil ph Meter Instruction Manual
Instruction Manual www.getbluelab.com Table of Contents 1.0 Information about measuring the ph of soils/media. 2 2.0 Introduction to Bluelab Soil ph Meter 4 3.0 Preparing the Bluelab Soil ph Meter for
More informationA Volumetric Analysis (Redox Titration) of Hypochlorite in Bleach
CHEM 311L Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Revision 2.3 A Volumetric Analysis (Redox Titration) of Hypochlorite in Bleach In this laboratory exercise, we will determine the concentration of the active
More informationInstruction Manual HI 96800 Refractometer for Refractive Index and Brix Measurements
Instruction Manual HI 96800 Refractometer for Refractive Index and Brix Measurements www.hannainst.com 1 Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product. Please read this instruction
More informationApparatus error for each piece of equipment = 100 x margin of error quantity measured
1) Error Analysis Apparatus Errors (uncertainty) Every time you make a measurement with a piece of apparatus, there is a small margin of error (i.e. uncertainty) in that measurement due to the apparatus
More informationThe Analytical Balance
Chemistry 119: Experiment 1 The Analytical Balance Operation of the Single-Pan Analytical Balance Receive instruction from your teaching assistant concerning the proper operation of the Sartorius BP 210S
More informationAcids and Bases. AND a widemouth container of the following solids:
Acids and Bases GOAL To introduce students to acids and bases. MATERIALS: 3 10oz clear plastic cups 1 4 oz. bottle white vinegar - labeled Acid 1 4 oz. bottle of water - labeled Water 1 4 oz. bottle of
More informationDetermining the Quantity of Iron in a Vitamin Tablet. Evaluation copy
Determining the Quantity of Iron in a Vitamin Tablet Computer 34 As biochemical research becomes more sophisticated, we are learning more about the role of metallic elements in the human body. For example,
More informationDissolved Oxygen Sensors
Instruction Sheet PN 51A-HxDO/rev.F June 2008 Models Hx438 and Gx448 Dissolved Oxygen Sensors For additional information, please refer to the Instruction Manuals CD shipped with this product, or visit
More informationWater Efficiency. Water Management Options. Boilers. for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Facilities. Boiler Water Impurities
Water Efficiency Water Management Options Boilers for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Facilities Boiler Water Impurities All boiler make-up water contains impurities. As clean steam is released
More informationPART I SIEVE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL RETAINED ON THE 425 M (NO. 40) SIEVE
Test Procedure for PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS TxDOT Designation: Tex-110-E Effective Date: August 1999 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of the distribution of particle
More informationSolubility Product Constants
Solubility Product Constants PURPOSE To measure the solubility product constant (K sp ) of copper (II) iodate, Cu(IO 3 ) 2. GOALS 1 To measure the molar solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in water.
More informationEXPRESS STILL WARNING It is legal in New Zealand to own and operate a still for the purpose of producing alcohol for your own consumption.
THE EXPRESS STILL This still represents the next generation in home distillation equipment. It eliminates the problem of having to spend all day processing a 25 litre wash. Taking 1 hour to heat up, then
More informationSupport Cleaning Apparatus. Operation, Cleaning, & Safety Manual
Support Cleaning Apparatus Operation, Cleaning, & Safety Manual Revision 1.1 31 May 2014 WARNING: The instructions and precautionary statements contained herein are intended for the Support Cleaning Apparatus
More information2014 Service Technician Training Program Closed Loop Systems
1/20/14 2014 Service Technician Training Program Closed Loop Systems Daniel S. Krack, CWT 2 Closed Loop Cooling and Heating The Closed Loop Cooling Advantages High Efficiency Chillers, Heat Exchangers,
More informationConductivity and TDS Meters
Table of Contents Comparison Charts Introduction Portable Meters Waterproof Meters Printing & Logging Portable Meters Bench Meters Combination EC/TDS/pH Meter Page G2 G3 G6 G11 G14 G15 G16 G1 Comparison
More informationDetermination of Citric Acid in Powdered Drink Mixes
Determination of Citric Acid in Powdered Drink Mixes Citric acid and its salts (sodium citrate and potassium citrate) are found in many foods, drinks, pharmaceuticals, shampoos, and cosmetics. The tartness
More informationPREPARATION FOR CHEMISTRY LAB: COMBUSTION
1 Name: Lab Instructor: PREPARATION FOR CHEMISTRY LAB: COMBUSTION 1. What is a hydrocarbon? 2. What products form in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? 3. Combustion is an exothermic reaction. What
More informationExperiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions
Experiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions A double displacement reaction involves two ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. In a double displacement reaction, it appears as though the ions are
More informationQuaternary Ammonium Compounds DOC316.53.01128
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds DOC316.53.01128 Direct Binary Complex Method Method 8337 0.2 to 5.0 mg/l as CTAB (cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide) Powder Pillows Scope and application: For cooling tower
More informationColor, True and Apparent
Color, True and Apparent DOC316.53.01037 Platinum-Cobalt Standard Method 1, 2, 3 Method 8025 15 to 500 color units Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater; equivalent to NCASI method
More information1. The Determination of Boiling Point
1. The Determination of Boiling Point Objective In this experiment, you will first check your thermometer for errors by determining the temperature of two stable equilibrium systems. You will then use
More informationFerroVer Method 1 Method 10249 0.1 to 3.0, 1.0 to 30.0 and 10.0 to 300.0 mg/l Fe Powder Pillows
Iron, Total DOC316.53.01314 FerroVer Method 1 Method 10249 0.1 to 3.0, 1.0 to 30.0 and 10.0 to 300.0 mg/l Fe Powder Pillows Scope and application: For oil and gas field waters; digestion is required for
More informationMAP COFFEE MIA CAPSULE COFFEE MACHINE INSTRUCTION MANUAL MODEL: CM4725. Read this manual thoroughly before using and save it for future reference
MAP COFFEE MIA CAPSULE COFFEE MACHINE INSTRUCTION MANUAL MODEL: CM4725 Read this manual thoroughly before using and save it for future reference Purchase MAP capsules at Harvey Norman stores nationwide
More informationDISSOLVED OXYGEN METER Model : DO-5509
DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER Model : DO-5509 Your purchase of this DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER marks a step forward for you into the field of precision measurement. Although this DISSOLVED OXYGEN METER is a complex
More informationDetermining Equivalent Weight by Copper Electrolysis
Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine the equivalent mass of copper based on change in the mass of a copper electrode and the volume of hydrogen gas generated during an electrolysis reaction.
More informationPART 1 - INTRODUCTION...
Table of Contents PART 1 - INTRODUCTION... 3 1.1 General... 3 1.2 Sensor Features... 3 1.3 Sensor Specifications (CDE-45P)... 4 Figure 1-1 CDE-45P Sensor Dimensions (standard, convertible style)... 4 PART
More informationTipping Bucket Rain Gauge Models 6011-A 6011-B
Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Models 6011-A 6011-B User s Manual 1165 National Drive Sacramento, CA 95834 800.824.5873 Table of Contents General Information... 1 Introduction... 1 Installation General... 2
More informationKool Demo for Acid-Base Reactions
Kool Demo for Acid-Base Reactions Kool Demo for Acid-Base Reactions Adapted from : http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/color-changing-milk-of-magnesia Materials: Red cabbage juice indicator
More informationDetermination of the enthalpy of combustion using a bomb calorimeter TEC. Safety precautions
Safety precautions Naphthalene is harmful if swallowed. May cause cancer. Is further very toxic to aquatic organisms and can have long-term harmful effects in bodies of water. Equipment 1 Bomb calorimeter
More informationReturn to Lab Menu. Acids and Bases in Your House
Return to Lab Menu Acids and Bases in Your House OBJECTIVES Isolate a natural acid-base indicator. Determine the acid-base properties of common household solutions. INTRODUCTION Acids and bases are among
More informationChloride and Salinity
INTRODUCTION Chloride Chloride and Chloride, in the form of the Cl ion, is one of the major inorganic anions, or negative ions, in saltwater and freshwater. It originates from the dissociation of salts,
More informationSolubility Curve of Sugar in Water
Solubility Curve of Sugar in Water INTRODUCTION Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of solvents (the larger volume of the mixture) and solutes (the smaller volume of the mixture). For example, a hot chocolate
More informationReaction in a Bag. Scientific Method Demonstrations
elearning 2009 Introduction Reaction in a Bag Scientific Method Demonstrations Publication No. 91419 Careful observation is the foundation of science, leading to questions about what we have observed how,
More informationISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA
ISLATIN F CAFFEINE FRM TEA Introduction In this experiment, caffeine is isolated from tealeaves. The chief problem with the isolation is that caffeine does not exist alone in the tealeaves, but other natural
More informationTo measure the solubility of a salt in water over a range of temperatures and to construct a graph representing the salt solubility.
THE SOLUBILITY OF A SALT IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 2007, 1995, 1991 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included. OBJECTIVE To measure
More informationTo determine the equivalence points of two titrations from plots of ph versus ml of titrant added.
Titration Curves PURPOSE To determine the equivalence points of two titrations from plots of ph versus ml of titrant added. GOALS 1 To gain experience performing acid-base titrations with a ph meter. 2
More informationBASIC WATER TREATMENT OF STEAM BOILERS
BASIC WATER TREATMENT OF STEAM BOILERS Steve Kenny and Dave Pope Chemco Water Technology Vancouver, WA This is a brief discussion on low-pressure steam boiler chemistry. It provides dry kiln boiler operators
More informationSINGLE RANGE DS METERS Operation Instructions
SINGLE RANGE DS METERS Operation Instructions User Manual for Models 512T2 512T3 512T4 512T5 512T10 512M2 512M3 512M4 512M5 512M10 6115 Corte del Cedro Carlsbad, CA 92009-1516 USA Tel 760-438-2021 Fax
More informationExtraction: Separation of Acidic Substances
Extraction: Separation of Acidic Substances Chemists frequently find it necessary to separate a mixture of compounds by moving a component from one solution or mixture to another. The process most often
More informationSanta Monica College Chemistry 11
Types of Reactions Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are as follows: To perform and observe the results of a variety of chemical reactions. To become familiar with the observable signs of chemical
More informationCalibration of Volumetric Glassware
CHEM 311L Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Revision 2.3 Calibration of Volumetric Glassware In this laboratory exercise, we will calibrate the three types of glassware typically used by an analytical chemist;
More informationEDTA Titrations 1: Standardization of EDTA and Analysis of Zinc in a Supplement Tablet. by Professor David Cash. September, 2008
CHEMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT EDTA Titrations 1: Standardization of EDTA and Analysis of Zinc in a Supplement Tablet by Professor David Cash September, 2008 Mohawk College is the
More informationInstallation Instructions 4508 4508S
SYMPHONY Spread Lavatory Faucet with Speed Connect Drain Congratulations on purchasing your American Standard faucet with Speed Connect drain, a feature found only on American Standard faucets. Speed Connect
More informationMeasuring ph in Water or CaCl2 Using a ph Meter. Compiled by Darren Murray, June 30, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW 3
Measuring ph in Water or CaCl2 Using a ph Meter Compiled by Darren Murray, June 30, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW 3 PREPARING THE ph METER FOR USE (Calibration and Buffer Solutions) 4 When is Calibration
More informationTitrette. class A precision. The next generation Digital Burette!
The next generation Digital Burette! Titrette class A precision F I R S T C L A S S B R A N D With the Titrette bottle-top burette, you can titrate quickly and reliably with highest precision, even in
More informationKODAK Developer System Cleaner and Neutralizer
KODAK Developer System Cleaner and Neutralizer TECHNICAL DATA / CHEMICAL March 2010 TI-2000 GENERAL INFORMATION KODAK Developer System Cleaner and Neutralizer is designed to remove the buildup of silver
More informationExperiment 7: Titration of an Antacid
1 Experiment 7: Titration of an Antacid Objective: In this experiment, you will standardize a solution of base using the analytical technique known as titration. Using this standardized solution, you will
More informationSulfites for Oxygen Control
If you would like a more detailed version of this report, please request SOS from lcavano@scrantonassociates.com along with your e-mail address. A. Introduction Sulfites for Oxygen Control Robert R. Cavano
More informationTitrette. class A precision. The next generation Digital Burette!
The next generation Digital Burette! Titrette class A precision F I R S T C L A S S B R A N D With the Titrette bottle-top burette, available in 10 ml, 25 ml, and 50 ml sizes, you can titrate quickly and
More information6 H2O + 6 CO 2 (g) + energy
AEROBIC RESPIRATION LAB DO 2.CALC From Biology with Calculators, Vernier Software & Technology, 2000. INTRODUCTION Aerobic cellular respiration is the process of converting the chemical energy of organic
More informationNitrogen, Ammonia. Known Addition ISE Method 1 Method 10002 Minimum of 0.8 mg/l NH 3 N. Ammonia ISE. Test preparation. Instrument-specific table
Nitrogen, Ammonia DOC316.53.01234 Known Addition ISE Method 1 Method 10002 Minimum of 0.8 mg/l NH 3 N Scope and application: For wastewater 2. Ammonia ISE 1 Adapted from the Standard Methods for the Examination
More informationThe Determination of an Equilibrium Constant
The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Computer 10 Chemical reactions occur to reach a state of equilibrium. The equilibrium state can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium
More informationPhysical Properties of a Pure Substance, Water
Physical Properties of a Pure Substance, Water The chemical and physical properties of a substance characterize it as a unique substance, and the determination of these properties can often allow one to
More informationPhysical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes An understanding of material things requires an understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of matter. A few planned experiments can help you
More informationUser Guide. Heavy Duty Dissolved Oxygen Meter. Model 407510
User Guide Heavy Duty Dissolved Oxygen Meter Model 407510 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of Extech's Heavy Duty Dissolved Oxygen / Temperature Meter which simultaneously displays Dissolved
More informationRelative Humidity Calibration Kit
Revised 6.8.12 Relative Humidity Calibration Kit For Calibrating All RH Measuring Kestrel Meters Model Numbers 3000, 3500, 4000, 4200, 4250, 4300, 4400, 4500 2011 Nielsen-Kellerman Co. While the calibration
More information