18060 IVN Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices
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1 18060 IVN Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 1
2 Agenda Introduction to OBD Lab 1 Power Management Lab 2 Transceiver Design Lab 3 Avoiding Interference 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 2
3 Class Objectives Describe OBD and its applications Access and interpret OBD data Explain power management and transceiver design considerations Recognize and avoid common design pitfalls 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 3
4 Class Objectives Choose an appropriate power management strategy Properly design OBD transceivers, using inexpensive discrete components Use an OBD simulator for development and testing 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 4
5 Class Objectives Summarize the problems faced by the designers of OBD devices 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 5
6 Introduction to OBD 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 6
7 Introduction to OBD What is OBD? Key Terms OBD applications Accessing OBD data 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 7
8 What is OBD? On-Board Diagnostics Computer-based system designed to control emissions Provides early warning through MIL (Malfunction Indicator Light) 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 8
9 What is OBD? 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 9
10 What is OBD? World Wide OBD Coverage Argentina (domestic) 2008 India Argentina (imports) 2009 Israel 2003 Australia (Petrol) 2006 Japan 2003 Australia (Diesel) 2007 Mexico 2007 Brazil (Petrol) New Zealand (Petrol) 2006 Canada 1998 New Zealand (Diesel) 2007 China (Beijing - Petrol) 2008 Peru 2003 China (Country - Petrol) 2010 Russia 2010 China (Country - Diesel) 2011 South Korea 2007 European Union (Petrol) 2001 Taiwan 2008 European Union (Diesel) 2004 Thailand 2013 Hong Kong 2006 United States 1996 * The "year" indicates the first model year of compatibility. All later years are supported as well * OBD legislation is designed for cars and light-duty trucks. For example, it applies to all vehicles weighing <14,000 lbs in the USA 1 Limited support from Limited support from Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 10
11 Key Terms ECU: Electronic Control Unit MIL: Malfunction Indicator Light ( Check Engine ) DLC: Diagnostic Link Connector ( OBD Port ) DTC: Diagnostic Trouble Code CAN: Controller Area Network 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 11
12 Electronic Control Unit 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 12
13 ECU Types PCM: Powertrain Control Module ECM: Engine TCM: Transmission BCM: Body Other: ABS/ESC, SRS, HVAC, immobilizer, etc 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 13
14 Network Example 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 14
15 OBD Applications Diagnostics Performance Tuning/Reflashing Fleet Management Telematics/Vehicle Tracking Usage-based Insurance (UBI) Driver Behavior Monitoring/Feedback 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 15
16 OBD Protocols Legislated: SAE J1850 VPW & PWM ISO ISO ISO (HS CAN) SAE J1939 (HD CAN) Proprietary GMLAN, Ford MSC, etc 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 16
17 OBD Protocols 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 17
18 OBD Protocols VPW, ISO, KWP SW CAN PWM 10 kbps 33kbps 41 kbps MS CAN 125 kbps J kbps HS CAN 500 kbps 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 18
19 OBD Protocols J1850 VPW J1850 PWM ISO KWP2000 CAN Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 19
20 Diagnostic Link Connector 1 Single Wire CAN (Low-speed GMLAN) 2, 10 J1850 Bus+/Bus- 3, 11 CAN_HI/CAN_LO (Ford MSC) 6, 14 CAN_HI/CAN_LO (HS CAN) 7, 15 K-line/L-line (ISO & KWP) 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 20
21 OBD Frame Format Priority Destination Source CRC or Checksum Header Data CB 1-8 bytes 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 21
22 OBD Frame Format 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 22
23 OBD-II Services Legislated (SAE J1979): $01: Real-time parameter data $02: Freeze frames $03: Stored DTCs $04: Clear/Reset $05: O2 sensor monitoring 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 23
24 OBD-II Services Legislated (SAE J1979): $06: Specific monitored systems $07: Pending DTCs $08: Evaporative leak test $09: VIN, CAL ID, IPT $0A: Permanent DTCs Enhanced (SAE J2190): $10-$3F 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 24
25 Lab 1: Access OBD data 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 25
26 Lab 1 Objectives Become familiar w/ dev tools Establish connection with the simulator Request and interpret data: vehicle speed, RPM, DTCs, VIN 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 26
27 Lab 1: OBD Simulator 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 27
28 Lab 1: OBD Dev Board USB OBD OBD Controller OBD Transceivers Power Module 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 28
29 Lab 1: Connection Diagram 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 29
30 Lab 1: Vehicle Speed Request: Response: 01 0D 41 0D <A> 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 30
31 Lab 1: Engine Speed (RPM) Request: Response: 01 0C 41 0C <A> <B> 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 31
32 Lab 1: DTC structure 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 32
33 Lab 1: Stored DTCs Request: 03 Response: 43 <DtcCount*><DTC (2 bytes> Example DTC encoding: *CAN only. DtcCount is the number of stored DTCs Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 33
34 Lab 1: VIN Request: Response: <MsgCount*><VIN> *Non-CAN protocols only. MsgCount is the frame number (starting with 01) Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 34
35 Lab 1: ASCII Chart 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 35
36 Lab 1 Summary OBD uses request/response method of information exchange Large chunks of data may be spread over several OBD frames More than one ECU may respond to a functional request ISO supports multi-frame responses as true messages 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 36
37 Power Management 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 37
38 Power Management Power supply configurations Load dump protection Sleep Strategies Wake-up Strategies Common Pitfalls 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 38
39 Power Supply Configurations Considerations: Current consumption Peak Operating Sleep (quiescent) Power dissipation Physical size Functional requirements 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 39
40 Power Supply Configurations Daisy-chain vs. Parallel Linear and/or SMPS Peripherals always on or switched off in sleep 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 40
41 Power Supply Configurations V DLC Daisy chained linear regulators V (linear) 12V peripherals 5V peripherals OBD controller 3V peripherals + Low cost, low part count - High sleep current, high power dissipation 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 41
42 Power Supply Configurations V DLC Parallel linear regulators w/ switch V (linear*) 12V peripherals 5V peripherals OBD controller 3V peripherals + Low sleep current - High power dissipation * Must use a 3V regulator with low I Q and a high V MAX 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 42
43 Power Supply Configurations V DLC SMPS/linear daisy chain w/ switches 5V (SMPS) 3V (linear) 12V peripherals 5V peripherals OBD controller 3V peripherals Good balance of cost, part count. Can use a low-v MAX regulator for 3V, low ripple on 3V rail Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 43
44 Power Supply Configurations V DLC Parallel SMPS regulators w/ switches 5V (SMPS) 3V (SMPS) 12V peripherals 5V peripherals OBD controller 3V peripherals Expensive, but appropriate for applications that require high current capability on the 3V power rail Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 44
45 Load Dump Protection Load Dump Battery disconnected while being charged by alternator Causes: cable corrosion, poor connection, or intentional disconnection with the engine running Most new alternators use diodes to suppress (clamp) the pulse 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 45
46 Load Dump Protection Load Dump Pulse Described in ISO Pulse 5a (unsuppressed) Pulse 5b (suppressed) 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 46
47 Load Dump Protection Pulse 5a 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 47
48 Load Dump Protection Pulse 5b 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 48
49 Load Dump Protection PTC/TVS 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 49
50 Load Dump Protection Pros: Simple Low part count Cons: Bulky Relatively expensive Gets bulkier/more expensive >60V 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 50
51 Load Dump Protection Transistor-based 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 51
52 Load Dump Protection Pros: Inexpensive Can be smaller than PTC/TVS Vmax >90V easily achieved Cons: Higher part count 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 52
53 Sleep/Wakeup Triggers 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 53
54 Sleep Strategies Sleep on: Voltage below threshold Communication timeout Explicit SLEEP command or level Always set up wake-up triggers, first 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 54
55 Wake-up Strategies Wake up on: Voltage level Voltage change Comm activity External input pin 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 55
56 Common Pitfalls Interrogating ECUs while engine is off Leaving peripherals switched on in sleep Improper regulator selection (I Q and I PEAK ) Insufficient heatsinking 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 56
57 Lab 2: Sleep/Wakeup 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 57
58 Lab 2 Objectives Configure wake-up triggers Configure device to go to sleep after 30 seconds of inactivity Wake device up via UART Put the device to sleep via UART command Use voltage change for wake-up 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 58
59 Lab 2 Summary Use multiple sleep and wake-up triggers for most reliable operation Ensure wake-up triggers are enabled, before enabling sleep triggers 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 59
60 Transceiver Design 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 60
61 Transceiver Design Design Considerations J1850 transceiver ISO/KWP transceiver Common pitfalls 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 61
62 Transceiver Design Considerations: Functionality Reliability Cost Performance Part count Available resources 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 62
63 Transceiver Design Advantages of Discrete Design Cost ($0.75 vs $3) Availability HS CAN still requires an IC (e.g., MCP ) 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 63
64 J1850 Transceiver 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 64
65 J1850 Transceiver 2N3646, 2N3640 Switch-off time (max): 2 us 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 65
66 J1850 Transceiver 2N3904, 2N3906 Switch-off time (max): 4 us 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 66
67 ISO/KWP Transceiver 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 67
68 ISO/KWP Transceiver Disconnect ISO transmitter pull-ups in sleep 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 68
69 Common Pitfalls Using slow transistors for J1850 Not switching off ISO transmitter in sleep Not switching off or putting CAN transceiver to sleep Powering comparators from 3V instead of V DLC 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 69
70 Lab 3: OBD Development & Testing 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 70
71 Lab 3 Objectives Create and configure a virtual ECU Create fault sets Create custom PIDs 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 71
72 Lab 3 Summary OBD simulator is an essential tool for development/testing It is important to simulate and test marginal cases 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 72
73 Avoiding Interference 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 73
74 Avoiding Interference Symptoms Causes Solutions 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 74
75 Avoiding Interference Symptoms Tripping dashboard lights Setting off trouble codes Stalling engine Disabling functions: clock, power windows, etc 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 75
76 Avoiding Interference Causes Hardware design flaws (e.g., hardwired pullups on ISO transmitter) Transmitting on the wrong protocol or baud rate Flooding the bus with messages Long responses on J1850 PWM 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 76
77 Avoiding Interference Solutions KOEO is the best time to run protocol detection Listen before transmit Remember last protocol between power cycles Pace data requests Check RPM=0 before requesting VIN, CALID, etc 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 77
78 Summary Today we covered: OBD and its applications Accessing and interpreting OBD data Power supply and transceiver design Using an OBD simulator Ways to avoid creating interference on the OBD bus 2014 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 78
79 Additional Resources SAE Standards (sae.org) J1979, J1850, J2012, J1939 ISO Standards (iso.org) ISO 9141, ISO 14230, ISO Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 79
80 Dev Tools For This Class STN11xx OBD development board ECUsim Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Interfacing with Vehicle Networks: Best Practices Slide 80
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