Agenda Summary of Previous Session

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1 XML for Java Developers G Session 2 - Main Theme Markup Language Technologies (Part II) Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti New York University Computer Science Department Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences 1 Agenda Summary of Previous Session Errata: <pages> tag, XML 2.0, XML Applications!? History and Current State of XML Standards Advanced Applications of XML XML s extensible Style Language (XSL) Character Encodings and Text Processing XML and DBMSs Course Approach... XML Application Development XML References and Class Project Readings Assignment #1a (reminder?) Assignment #1b (1 week) 2 1

2 Summary of Previous Session XML Generics Course Logistics, Structure and Objectives History of Meta-Markup Languages XML Applications: Markup Languages XML Information Modeling Applications XML-Based Architectures XML and Java XML Development Tools Summary Class Project Readings Assignment #1a 3 Formatting Markups Old History Rendition notations (e.g., LaTeX, TeX, RTF, MIF) Compatible with standard text editors Processed into presentations (printout, or electronic display) WYSIWYG What You See Is ALL You Get Meta-Markup Language GML (Goldfarb, Mosher, Lorie - IBM 1969) Generalized (i.e., indep. of systems, devices, applications) Markups (i.e., information related to struct. & content Language (i.e., methodology with formal syntax) Validation capabilities (1974) 4 2

3 SGML SGML ( /15/86) Used by DoD for Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support (CALS) SGML DTD or Schema <!DOCTYPE tutorials [ <!ELEMENT tutorials (tutorial+)> <!ELEMENT tutorial (title, intro, chap+)> <!ELEMENT title O (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT intro O (para+)> <!ELEMENT chap O (title, para+)> <!ELEMENT para O (#PCDATA)> ]> 5 SGML Markup <tutorials> <tutorial> <title>xml TUTORIAL <intro> <para>required first paragraph of intro. <para>optional second paragraph of intro. </intro> <chap> <title>chapter 1 <para>required first paragraph of first chapter. <chap> <title>chapter 2 <para>required first paragraph of optional 2nd chapter. </tutorial </tutorials> 6 3

4 W3C and HTML Tim Berners-Lee (CERN, 1989) W3 Hypertext System W3 uses HTML Founder of W3C in 1994 HTML Based on SGML, no DTD support) W3C HTML ( CSS + weakly extensible HTML XML XHTML ( 7 XML DTD <!DOCTYPE TUTORIALS [ <!ELEMENT tutorials (tutorial+)> <!ELEMENT tutorial (title, intro, chap+)> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT intro (para+)> <!ELEMENT chap (title, para+)> <!ELEMENT para (#PCDATA)> ]> XML is different from SGML Names are case sensitive Non empty elements must have a start and end tag DTD or Schema not required 8 4

5 Current State of XML Standards extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (2nd Edition) - 10/06/00) Namespaces in XML - 01/14/99 URIs: XML Schema Part 0: Primer - 05/02/01 XML Schema Part 1: Structures - 05/02/01 XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes - 05/02/01 XML Path Language (XPath) Version /16/99 Associating Stylesheets with XML Documents - 06/29/99 Use xml:stylesheet element in the XML document prolog XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version /16/99 Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.0 (candidate rec.) 9 Current State of XML Standards (continued) Canonical XML Version /19/01 Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2-11/13/00 Core, Views, Events, Style, Traversal & Range Web Content Accessibility Guidelines /05/99 Resource Description Framework (RDF) - 02/22/99 Microsoft Validator: W3C Schema Validator

6 Advanced Applications of XML Ancestors: SGML with Annex K, HyTime, DSSS Alternatives: HTML 4.01, CSS HTML-Based XHTML 1.0, XForms 1.0 POP-Based e.g., XHTML, CML, MathML, SMIL, SVG, P3P, RDF, WML MOM-Based e.g., ebxml, RosettaNet, cxml, fpml, FIXML Web Services-Based Protocols (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) Services & Facilities (XAML) 11 Logical Structure of XML Documents: Namespaces 1.0 Namespaces: provides a simple method to qualify element and attribute names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URIs Example: <price> is borrowed from the edi schema <?xml version= 1.0?> <order:x xmlns:order= > xmlns:edi= > <edi:price>14.95</edi:price> </order:x> See

7 extensible Style Language (XSL) DSSSL & DSSSL-O CSS 1, 2, 3 XSLT XPath XSL-FO XSLT Processors Stylus Studio XSL development environment IBM XSL Editor Saxon and Xalan XSLT processors XSL-FO Processors Antenna House fop 13 XSL Processing Processing Alternatives: HTML + CSS -> Presentation XML + CSS -> Presentation XML + XSLT -> XSL-FO -> Presentation XML + XSLT -> XML/HTML + CSS -> Presentation Client or Server Processing? See Session 2 handout on IE5 s implementation Examples See Session 2 Sub-Topic 1 Presentation: Beginning XML See Session 2 handouts on XSL Tree Transformation Language See Session 2 handout on Cascading Stylesheets See Session 2 handout on Styling Documents Using XSL 14 7

8 Character Encodings & Text Processing ASCII, ISO 8859, and Unicode Using Unicode characters in XML/HTML U+ (4 digit min) hex number (e.g., "U+1234 ) Specify as: "ሴ" or " ". White space processing?! 15 XML & DBMSs Comparison Both separate data from rendition/presentation info Similar languages DBMSs: Forms and Reporting, DDL, DQL, DCL XML: XSL, XQL, and processing instructions No DML in XML XML is paired with a scripting or programming language Validation capabilities DBMSs: datatyping, relationship constraints XML: data type validity and semantic consistency checks XML can handle data too complex for some databases XML interchangeable form of data vs. multidatabases 16 8

9 Course Approach... IBM XML Certification Test Proficiency Objectives Information Modeling XML Processing XML Rendering XML Query Architecture Design Implementation Testing 17 XML Application Development Applications of XML: Markup Languages XML Applications Today POP (Java becoming optional) Web Content Programming Web Application Development Web-Enabled Enterprise Application Development MOM EDI v.s. IEC/B2B EAI Applications e.g., ERP, SCM, CRM integration XML Applications Tomorrow MOM & POP become Web Services 18 9

10 XML POP Application Development Java Independent Component Models JSP Custom Tags XML/XSLT XML/Servlet Frameworks (e.g., Cocoon) XML/Servlet Filters XML/JavaScript XML Data Bindings Java Intensive Component Models JSP/Java JSP/JavaBeans Applets/JWS Servlets 19 XML MOM Application Development Java Independent Component Models Scripting Languages Non J2EE Platforms (e.g., CORBA 3 & DNA) and PLs Web Services Platforms Sun Open Net Environment (ONE) HP NetAction Oracle Dynamic Services IBM WebSphere Platform Microsoft.NET Java Intensive Component Models EJBs JSP/JavaBeans Applets/JWS Servlets 20 10

11 XML References Information Software Class Project Project Description The project will focus on multi-channel online community platforms, and will consist of providing custom XML-based services to support the various aspects of a chosen ebusiness application implemented on such platforms (e.g., community-based shopping ). Examples of useful services to support these platforms may include synchronized multimedia presentation viewing, and offline chat capabilities. A sample specification of an online community platform for a virtual university ebusiness application will be provided for illustration purpose. A sample community platform for online discussions:

12 Readings Readings XML Development with Java 2: Chapters 1, 4, and 5 Professional Java XML: Chapters 1, 7, 8, App. A & G XML and Java: Chapter 1, App. C & E Handouts posted on the course web site Review Xpath 1.0, XSLT 1.0, XSL 1.0 W3C Recs Project Frameworks Setup (ongoing) Apache s Web Server, TomCat, and Cocoon Apache s Xerces, Xalan 23 Assignment Assignment #1b: Review the class project description, and the virtual university sample ebusiness application specification Come up with your own variant of a an ebusiness application that would benefit from being implemented on top of a multichannel online community platform Specify a set of services or facilities that would need to be provided on top of an online community platform to support your specific ebusiness application 24 12

13 Assignment (continued) Assignment #1b (continued): Provide a written specification of your overall framework (i.e., platform and services), and propose a staged development approach that would demonstrate the use of XML to support the modern approach at building comprehensive business applications suggested in this course. Your proposed approach should include the use of XML Markup Language technologies, XML information modeling, XML information processing, XML information rendering, XML information retrieval, XML-Based frameworks, and XML application implementation and testing methodologies and tools 25 Next Session: XML Information Modeling (Part I) XML Physical Entities Logical Structure of XML Documents XML Document Navigation Custom Markup Languages 26 13