EDUCATION STATUS REPORT UTTAR PRADESH
|
|
- Brice Payne
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EDUCATION STATUS REPORT UTTAR PRADESH ELEMENTARY EDUCATION Working Paper November 2013 Prepared by Catalyst Management Services (CMS) CEI - India
2 CONTENTS ABBRIVIATIONS 3 1. INTRODCUTION 5 2. EDUCATION STATUS IN INDIA STATUS OF ELEMENTRAY EDUCATION IN UTTAR PRADESH 6 4. RTE INDICATORS QUALITY OF EDUCATIONRECIEVED AND ITS IMPACT CONCLUSION..16 2
3 Abbreviations ASER Annual Status of Education Report Avr. Average BRCs Block Resource Center CRC Cluster Resource Center DISE District Information system for Education DPEP District Primary Education Programme EBBs Educationally Backward Blocks ECE Early Childhood Education EGS Education Guarantee Scheme Enr. Enrollment GER Gross Enrollment Ratio Govt. Government GPI Gender Parity Index ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme KGBV Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay MIS Management Information System MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development NLM National Literacy Mission NER Net Enrollment Ratio NPE National Policy of Education NPEGEL National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Level OBC Other Backward Caste P. Primary PTR Pupil-Teacher Ratio Pvt. Private POA Program of Action RTE Right To Education Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan RMSA SC Schedule Caste Sch. School SCR Student Class-room ration SEMIS Secondary Education Management Information System Sec./H.Sec. Secondary/ Higher Secondary 3
4 ST SSA TLM Unrec. UP Schedule Tribe Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan Teaching learning Material Unrecognized Upper Primary 4
5 1. Introduction Education in today s world is undoubtedly the most powerful tool to ignite the young minds and guide the young generation. At a time when our society is fast evolving, it is sound education that builds the young generation with knowledge and values and empowers them to dream big. For a society, Development and Education go hand in hand, no society can make progress and transform itself without investing in educating its citizens. The base for which is laid with elementary education. It is for this reason all 189 member nations of United Nations committed to achieving the Millennium development goals (MDGs). The second MDG pledges to achieve universal primary education. It is for this Indian parliament enacted the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill, 2009, to provide education to all children between 6 to 14 years of age. The bill also reserves one fourth of seats in private schools to weaker section of society. However, any change in policy does not immediately translate into practice in schools. Concentrated efforts must be made by states and departments of school education to capitalize on the policy changes and to ensure that good quality education is made available to one and all the children. In the last five years, Uttar Pradesh (UP) has made giant strides in the field of primary education. With a literacy rate of approximately 70 per cent and approximately 35 1 million school-going children, Uttar Pradesh has ensured that around 93 per cent of children are enrolled in school. Today the state has 122,000 schools, 300,000 teachers and 100,000 para-teachers to take care of the needs of the students at primary and upper primary levels. It is to note that this significant jump in the enrollment in primary schools in Uttar Pradesh could not have been possible without successful government initiatives like - Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) or the Universal Elementary Education scheme and Midday meal scheme. These various government schemes ensure all children have access to quality education and complete a full course of elementary schooling. Before we discuss on the status of elementary education in Uttar Pradesh, it is important to identify our study group - the present report will focus on education status of children from Class 1 to Class 8. The age of the children in these classes is generally between 6 to 14 years. 1 The Annual Status of Education Report
6 2. India: Education Status India recognizes education as a fundamental right of a child and makes appropriate provisions in its constitution to impart the same. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 ensures that every child in the age group 0f 6 14 years has a right to full time elementary education of satisfactory and standard quality in a formal school that fulfills essential norms and standard as per the requirements. The RTE Act came into effect on 1 April As per the RTE Act, Free education means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education. Compulsory education casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6-14 age group. As per the latest Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2012, 96.5% of all rural children between the ages of 6-14 were enrolled in school. This is the fourth annual survey to report enrollment above 96%. Also it is to be noted that 83% of all rural year olds were enrolled in school. The survey however also points to a decline in quality of education at these government schools with decline in quality of government school education fuelling the rise in private schools enrollment. In the current context, the government bears the larger responsibility of providing education to the children, with approximately 80 percent of all schools that provide elementary education are run or supported by Government. As per the latest figures provided by DISE, approximately 87 percent of schools are located in the rural areas. The country has a total of 13, 06, 992 schools providing elementary education across 633 districts as covered under DISE. It is also found that for every 2 elementary school there is an upper primary school facility available, thus highlighting a satisfactory availability of schools at elementary and upper elementary levels. 3. Status of Elementary Education in Uttar Pradesh 3.1 DEMOGRAPHY 'I had been to other countries - in Europe, Asia and the Middle East - but none of them had provided even half as much variety, or so much to see and experience and remember, as this one State in northern India. You can travel from one end of Australia to the other, but everywhere on that vast continent you will find that people dress in the same way, eat the same kind of food, listen to the same music. This colorless uniformity is apparent in many other countries of the world, 6
7 both East and West. But Uttar Pradesh is a world in itself.' - Ruskin Bond Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with total population of 19, 95, 81, 477. It is also one of the biggest states in India with a geographical area encompassing 2, 40, 928 square kilometres and comprising of 75 districts, 820 development blocks and over a lakh inhabited villages. Population (As per census 2011 Provisional data) : 19,95,81,477 (a)males (As per census 2011 ) : 10,45,96, 415 b)females (As per census 2011 ) : 94, 985,062 Decennial Growth rate ( ) (As per census 2011 ) : percent Sex Ratio (As per census 2011 ) : 908 per thousand Density (persons per sq. km.) (As per census 2011 ) : 828 per thousand Child Population (0-6 years) (As per census 2011 ) : 29,728,235 Child sex ratio (0-6 years) (As per census 2011 )) : 899 per thousand Total Literacy rate- Persons : percent a)male Literacy : percent b)female Literacy : percent 3.1 Number of Schools The total number of schools imparting elementary education in Uttar Pradesh (As per DISE 2011) is 2, 21, 653 with a large percentage percentage of it being government schools. A look at the below given table highlights the status of elementary education in Uttar Pradesh in detail - Status of Elementary Education in Uttar Pradesh, DISE Indicators Uttar Pradesh India Number of schools imparting elementary education covered by DISE Percentage of government % % 7
8 share to total schools Percentage of private share to total schools Schools in Rural Areas (All Schools) % % % % A glance at the total enrollment in primary and upper primary schools in Uttar Pradesh for the year is given below. Uttar Pradesh India Class I V Class VI VII Analytical Overview of Primary School Education 2 Let s take a look at how a primary school in Uttar Pradesh looks and how it functions and analyze the available facilities and its features: Approximately 70 % of primary only schools in Uttar Pradesh have more than 150 students and also have a Head master/teacher. All schools in Uttar Pradesh are accessible by road during any time of the year and season. A Primary school has an average of 37 students in each classroom and has a average of 4.4 classrooms per school. There are 56 such districts, ie majority of districts in Uttar Pradesh where the student classroom ratio is more than 30 students per classroom. The school has an average of 226 instructional days in a year. If you look at the teachers in the all schools (including the primary school) in the state, approximately 1 out of every 10 school is a single teacher school. If any school has more than 2 teachers, one out of them will be a female teacher in 78 % of schools. In every class approximately 51 % of the students are boys and 41 % are girls. If one looks at the student teacher ratio in a primary school, there is one teacher for every 46 students. A primary school has an average of 3. 7 teachers per school. 60 % government primary schools have more than 30 students per teacher. All schools in 68 out of 75 districts in Uttar Pradesh have more than 30 students per teacher. 3.3 Expenditure on Education The current public spending on education by government of India is around 4 % percent of its GDP. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan the Government s (GOI and states) budget for Sarva Shikha Abhiyaan increased nearly 3-fold from 21,360 Crores in FY to 61,734 Crores in 2 Status of Elementary education in Uttar Pradesh: DISE
9 FY In this period, the per student allocation has more than tripled from an India average of Rs. 1,598 in FY to Rs. 4,746 in FY Allocations are keeping in pace but only 61 percent of allocation were spent in FY Comparison between FY and the former spent 87 % of the total allocation and the later spent 62%. The above given table highlights the results of a survey (India Human Development Survey 2010) of 41,554 households across India to compare the incidence of private schooling and the relative costs of such schooling across States. The table gives an estimate of annual schooling cost per children in different states of India in the year 2010 and reinforces the point that to ensure quality, raising the level of public expenditure in education is absolutely essential. All this is especially important now that the right to education has become enshrined in law. Currently, the state government and the centre combined spend around 14 per cent of the total expenditure on education at all levels. In the year , The State of Uttar Pradesh had a budgetary allocation of Rs crore rupees for Education sector, out of the total state budget of 2,21, crores. Of total amount allocated under education Rs 25,109 crore has been earmarked made for primary education. 3.4 Enrollment, Retention and Dropouts 3 With the current spending on education let us analyse how far the state has been successful in enrolling and retaining students in the schools. 3 Status of Elementary education in Uttar Pradesh: DISE
10 Gross Enrolment Ratio 4 : - State/ Country (Primary Level) (Upper Primary levels ) Uttar Pradesh India Net Enrolment Ratio 5 : - State/ Country (Primary Level) (Upper Primary levels ) Uttar Pradesh India Average Dropout rate: State/ Country (Primary Level) (Upper Primary levels ) Uttar Pradesh India Average Retention at primary level in Schools: State/ Country (Primary Level) Uttar Pradesh India The above mentioned data is reflective of the total percentage of children enrolled in the school and are attending the school. At the primary level, Uttar Pradesh has a fairly impressive net 4 The Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) is a statistical measure used in the education sector to determine the number of students enrolled in school at different grade levels (like elementary, middle and high school) and examine it to analyze the ratio of the number of students who live in that country to those who qualify for the particular grade level. 5 The Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) is defined by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics as enrolment of the official agegroup for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. 10
11 enrollment ratio of 94 % which mean that out of 100 students there are only 6 students who are left out. In terms of drop out, it is the average number of student that enrolls in the school but could not complete the education, in other words the percentage of children opting out of the education system or has not been able to attend the school in that academic year is the drop out rate. For Uttar Pradesh, roughly every 12 student out of 100 at primary level is unable to complete his education. The retention of student in the school at primary level is above the national average with almost 80 % of students continuing the elementary education in Uttar Pradesh. The government should now focus to reduce the drop out rate and increase the retention of students in the school. 3.5 Literacy in Uttar Pradesh 6 Literacy rate in Uttar Pradesh has seen upward trend and is percent as per 2011 population census. Of that, male literacy stands at percent while female literacy is at percent. In 2001, literacy rate in Uttar Pradesh stood at percent of which male and female were percent and percent literate respectively. In actual numbers, total literates in Uttar Pradesh stands at 114,397,555 of which males were 68,234,964 and females were 46,162,591. GautamBudhh Nagar, Kanpur Nagar, Auraiya, Etawah and Ghaziabad are the top 5 districts in terms of literacy rate with the highest being %. ANALYSIS: Literacy means the ability of an individual to read or write any one language, it is a significant development indicator which highlights the ability of a citizen to participate in society and to understand important public issues. It is the foundation on which the education system is built and is significant development indicator of the state. 3.6 Enrollment of All Sections of Society in Schools Education is the best way to empower and bring different sections of society into the mainstream. With multiple caste and religions it is important to bring parity between all sections of society by providing them good quality education. Let us take a look at the participation of Schedule caste and Schedule Tribe, Muslims in enrollment in government/private schools and analyse it with respect to their population: Percentage SC Enrollment:
12 State/ Country (Class I- VIII) Uttar Pradesh (P = %) India Percentage ST Enrollment: State/ Country (Class I- VIII) Uttar Pradesh 0.78 (P %) India Percentage of Muslims Enrolled in schools: (Population = 18.50%) State/ Country Primary Upper Primary level (Class I- VIII) Overall Uttar Pradesh India A close look at the above given statistics reveal a skewed picture of participation by population percentages. On one hand the participation of SC in education has increased significantly and has even surpassed the national average the low participation of Muslims in schools and education is also a cause of concern. The percentage of Muslim participation also has a different angle with a good number of Muslim children going to Madrasas for education. If you add the transition rate of students to the enrollment figures, the effective continuation of the education gets further reduced. As per the available data 7, approximately only 70 out of 100 students that enroll in primary schools go on to upper primary schools. Considering these situations, the state must strive and create conducive environment for education of children from all caste and religions. 3.7 Public Vs Private School The current scenario highlights a transition of preferences from government schools to private schools. Quality of education is an important factor driving this change of preferences. 7 Status of Elementary education in Uttar Pradesh, DISE
13 School enrollment of Children in the age group 6-14 yrs Other (Madrasa, EGS), 2.50% Not in School, 6.40% Governnment School, 42.70% Governnment School Private School Private School, 48.50% Other (Madrasa, EGS) Not in School A critical look at the data points to a situation of 48.5 % of total children in the age group of 6 14 yrs goes to private schools with 42.7 % of them preferring the government schools. The situation is similar in the age group of 7-16 yrs where 48.6 % of total children in the age group of 7 16 yrs go to private schools with 45.0 % of them preferring the government schools. This shift towards private school does not stop here, it is estimated that private school enrollment is increasing at the rate of 10 % per year and with declining quality of government schools and reduced learning levels of students in government schools, the coming times are testing for the government schools. ANALYSIS: Quality of education in government schools has suffered a lot in recent years, with the learning levels being reduced in the last few years and the existing perception in rural and urban folk that quality of education in private school is better is making the prefer private schools over the government ones. If the trend continues private school would take over government schools as the provider of elementary education by The department must take stringent measure to not only improve quality of education but also find ways to retain the enrolled children in their schools. 3.8 Expenses on Tuition: An Alarming trend With increasing private schools enrollment, the fast life is also making parents send their children to take tuition classes. Apart from spending on the school fees and other stationary requirements, expenses on tuition are on an increase as more students are now taking tuition than before. As per the ASER findings, in 2012, 11.2 % of all school children took paid tuition to supplement their school based learning compared to 10.1 % last year. The increase is higher if we observe only 13
14 the private school students with 15.9 % of private school students taking paid tuitions in 2012 compared to 14.5 % in ANALYSIS: The need for taking tuitions also increases as the student moves from Std II to Std VIII. However, this supplemental educational need is also showing positive impact on the reading, comprehension and arithmetic levels of the students. The students who take tuitions perform better than those students who do not take any tuition in these indicators. 4 RETE Indicators and Their Compliance By Schools The right of child to free and compulsary education act, 2009 specifies a series of norms and standards for a school. As per the norm the following facilities (Indicators on the left side) should be made available to every student in the schools. The table given below looks at some of the RTE norms and its Compliance by schools S No: Facilities available in schools Percentage (year 2012) 1 Boundary Wall 58.5 % 2 Play ground for children 66.9 % 3 Drinking Water available 81.3 % 4 Having Common Toilet Facility (Functional) 52.5 % 5 Girls Toilets (Functional) 43.7 % (16.7 percent of schools have no provision for girls toilet) 6 Library 82.2 % 7 Mid-day meal served in school 85.6 % ANALYSIS: Availability of basic necessities and infrastructure like drinking water, toilet facility is not met with in every school and is a cause of concern. Overall the indicators are not healthy and need to be ensured for giving every child a good education and overall development. 5 Quality of Education Received and its Impact 8 6 Annual Status of Education Report
15 ASER findings highlight a clear gap in the quality of the current education system. As part of the overall study reading, comprehension and arithmetic levels of the children was assessed to analyze the impact of our current education system. How do our children READ? % Children by Class and Reading Level All Schools 2012 Standard Not Even Letter Letter Word Level 1 (Std I Text) Level 2 (Std II Text) Total I II III IV V VI VII VIII Total Analysis: The above table gives a measure of reading skills of percentage of children. For example In Std III 18.2 % children cannot even read letters, 34.1 % can read letters but not more, 16% can read words but not std 1 text or higher, 13.1 % can read Std 1 text but not Std II text and 18.7 % can read Std II text. For each class the total of all these exclusive categories is 100 %. A clear need for realigning our education inputs with its outcomes is felt, as apparent from the decline in the reading, comprehension and arithmetic levels of the school children. Reading and Comprehension in English: - Similarly if we analyse the reading and comprehension skills of students in English, % Children by Class and Reading Level in English All Schools 2012 Standard Not Even Capital Letter Capital Letter Small letters Simple Words Easy Sentences Tota l I II III IV V VI VII VIII
16 Total Analysis: Startling that it may sound, reading levels are estimated to have declined in recent times in India. The all India figure for the proportion of children in class V able to read a class II level text has dropped from approximately 35 % in 2010 to approximately 25 % in Such a decline is alarming to say the least. The unsatisfactory levels of basic reading ability suggested by ASER points to an urgent need from department of education to focus on basic learning outcomes. The decline however is not so much in private schools as it is evident in government schools. Arithmetic:- Similar is the case for Basic arithmetic levels estimated in ASER 2012 which also shows a decline. Nationally, the proportion of class III children able to solve a two-digit subtraction problem with borrowing has dropped from approximately 25.0% in 2010 to below 20% in Among children of class V, the ability to do a similar division problem has dropped from 5 percentage pints from 2010 to What does this decline in learning levels tells us? The apparent decline in learning levels tells us few things, one that this decline has not happened overnight but is happening for last few years and must be looked into analytically for its causes. Post the introduction of Right to Education Act the emphasis on exams has been relaxed as no child is to be kept back and the focus has shifted from achieving basic learning outcomes to completing the syllabus. Given the trend, it is time that governments focuses on teaching-learning of the basic foundational skills for primary education and take corrective measures to reverse the declining learning level trend otherwise the state of education in Uttar Pradesh like few other north Indian state face a tough time in near future. 6. Conclusion The performance of Uttar Pradesh in the field of human development, especially in elementary education, has been on a upscale throughout the last decade. Even though It has not yet achieved the goal of universal access to elementary education, from now on it will have to not only achieve the target of universal enrolment and retention, but also equally focus on improving its quality. In the last few years, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan have been very successful in increasing the enrollment at these primary schools, however, the quality of teaching and learning in the rural public schools is a cause of concern. It is a dual challenge for government of Uttar Pradesh as this decline in learning is also coupled with a double digit drop-out rate in primary schools and adds to this the need of infrastructure 16
17 and other basic facilities that our government schools do not adhere to as per the RTE compliance; improving the education scenario is no mean task in hand. On a positive note private sector brings in fairly better facilities and improved learning levels, thus making it important for state to tap yet manage the private sector through effective regulations and create a complementary model for extending the basic right to education to its rightful recipient. 17
18 References 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Status of Elementary education in Uttar Pradesh, DISE ) Annual Status of Education Report
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan- A Milestone of Elementary Education in India
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan- A Milestone of Elementary Education in India Sudhir Sudam Kaware and Dr. Sunil Kumar Sain Assistant Professor in Department of Education, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur
More informationFINDINGS FROM PUNJAB
FINDINGS FROM PUNJAB SAMPLE DESCRIPTION: ASER SURVEY ASER Centre, B 4/54 Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029 2 1. WHAT IS THE SAMPLE DESCRIPTION OF THE ASER SURVEY? SAMPLE SIZE AND PROCESS Year Districts
More informationEducation For All. Towards Quality with Equity INDIA
First Edition August 2014 National University of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi. (Declared by the Government of India, under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956) Photo Credit: Ministry of
More informationStatus of the Girl Child in Secondary Education in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan
Status of the Girl Child in Secondary Education in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan Prepared by Catalyst Management Services as a part of the Partnership to Strengthen Innovation and Practice in Secondary
More informationEducation For All in India with Focus on Elementary Education: Current Status, Recent Initiatives And Future Prospects
Education For All in India with Focus on Elementary Education: Current Status, Recent Initiatives And Future Prospects Arun C. Mehta 1. INTRODUCTION Free and compulsory education to all children up to
More informationEDUCATIONAL STATISTICS AT A GLANCE
EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS AT A GLANCE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOUCE DEVELOPMENT BUREAU OF PLANNING, MONITORING & STATISTICS NEW DELHI 2014 Preface Educational Statistics at a Glance is a
More informationABSTRACT. School Education Right to Education Act (RTE), 2009 - Constitution of School Management Committee Orders Issued.
1 ABSTRACT School Education Right to Education Act (RTE), 2009 - Constitution of School Management Committee Orders Issued. School Education (C2) Department G.O.Ms.No.213 Dated: 26.12.2011 ÂUtŸStuh L,
More informationChapter 3 LITERACY AND EDUCATION
Chapter 3 LITERACY AND EDUCATION Coverage Literacy Rates in Post-Independence India Literacy Rates of SC/ST by Sex and Urban-Rural Distribution State-wise Literacy Rates in last 3 decades State-wise Gap
More information1 st HALF YEARLY MONITORING REPORT OF SSA AND MDM
1 st HALF YEARLY MONITORING REPORT OF SSA AND MDM FOR THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH FROM 1 ST AUGUST, 2008 TO 31 ST JANUARY, 2009 DISTRICTS COVERED 1. LALITPUR 2. JALAUN 3. HAMIRPUR 4. MAHAMAYA NAGAR 5. ETAWAH
More informationIN SCHOOL AND WORKING CHILDREN
IN SCHOOL AND WORKING CHILDREN Reality of Right to Education Act's Implementation 2014 India's Educational Obligation: An Introduction As an important tool to achieve 'Millennium Development Goal' on Education
More informationCENTRAL GOVERNMENT SCHEMES FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION
LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT PARLIAMENT LIBRARY AND REFERENCE, RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SERVICE (LARRDIS) MEMBERS REFERENCE SERVICE REFERENCE NOTE. No. 17/RN/Ref./ August/2013 For the use of Members
More informationBangladesh EFA 2015 National Review: A Summary
Bangladesh EFA 2015 National Review: A Summary Abstract At the invitation of UNESCO to assess critically EFA progress and challenges, the Bangladesh EFA 2015 review has been undertaken. With the lead given
More informationCHAPTER-I. 1. Introduction
CHAPTER-I 1. Introduction 1.1 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the comprehensive and integrated flagship programme of Government of India, to attain Universal Elementary Education (UEE) in the country in
More informationINDICATORS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WITH FOCUS ON ELEMENTARY EDUCATION: CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS
INDICATORS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WITH FOCUS ON ELEMENTARY EDUCATION: CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS ARUN C. MEHTA * INTRODUCTION Diagnosis exercise plays an important role in developing educational plans.
More informationUNICEF, Division of Policy and Practice, Statistics and Monitoring Section, www.childinfo.org, May 2008
Education statistics: Tajikistan UNICEF, Division of Policy and Practice, Statistics and Monitoring Section, www.childinfo.org, May 28 1 Tajikistan: Pre-primary enrollment 8 NER or GER (%) 6 4 2 198 1982
More informationMTEF Report for School Education, Chhattisgarh. Report on Medium Term Expenditure for Department of School Education Chhattisgarh
MTEF Report for School Education, Chhattisgarh Report on Medium Term Expenditure for Department of School Education Chhattisgarh March, 2012 MTEF Report for School Education, Chhattisgarh TABLE OF CONTENTS
More information2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education
2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education GOAL AND TARGET ADDRESSED Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Target 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able
More informationREPUBLIC OF RWANDA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION P.O BOX 622 KIGALI 2013 EDUCATION STATISTICAL YEARBOOK
REPUBLIC OF RWANDA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION P.O BOX 622 KIGALI 2013 EDUCATION STATISTICAL YEARBOOK September 2014 FOREWORD The mission of the Ministry of Education is to transform the Rwandan citizens into
More informationSummary of Sachar Committee Report
Summary of Sachar Committee Report Background On March 9, 2005 the Prime Minister issued a Notification for the constitution of a High Level Committee to prepare a report on the social, economic and educational
More informationCHAPTER 2.3 SECONDARY EDUCATION
CHAPTER 2.3 SECONDARY EDUCATION 2.3.1 Secondary education serves as a bridge between elementary and higher education and prepares young persons between the age group of 14-18 for entry into higher education.
More informationREPUBLIC OF KOREA. Regional Preparatory Workshop on Inclusive Education. East Asia. Hangzhou, China, 3 5 November 2007
REPUBLIC OF KOREA Regional Preparatory Workshop on Inclusive Education East Asia Hangzhou, China, 3 5 November 2007 UNESCO International Bureau of Education Inclusive Education in the Republic of Korea
More informationINTERVENTIONS FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUITY AT ELEMENTARY EDUCATION LEVEL IN SOUTH KASHMIR: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY
INTERVENTIONS FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUITY AT ELEMENTARY EDUCATION LEVEL IN SOUTH KASHMIR: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY Showkeen Bilal Ahmad Gul, Research Scholar, Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University,
More informationChildren in Egypt 2014 A STATISTICAL DIGEST
Children in Egypt 2014 A STATISTICAL DIGEST CHAPTER 8 EDUCATION Children in Egypt 2014 is a statistical digest produced by UNICEF Egypt to present updated and quality data on major dimensions of child
More informationFrom Special Education to Inclusive Education: An Analysis of Indian Policy
WA 072 From Special Education to Inclusive Education: An Analysis of Indian Policy Yogendra Pandey Lecturer in Special Education, Faculty of Education (K) Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India.
More informationSOCIETY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND FORMAL EDUCATION SUPPORTED BY ACA, DENMARK ANNUAL ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT: 2013 2014
SOCIETY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND FORMAL EDUCATION SUPPORTED BY ACA, DENMARK ANNUAL ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT: 2013 2014 INTRODUCTION: Independent India is too young to nurture its young
More informationTargeting Education Financing on the Marginalized: Lessons from Implementation of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Right to Education in India
2014/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/18 Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2013/4 Teaching and learning: Achieving quality for all Targeting Education Financing on the Marginalized:
More informationSocial protection and poverty reduction
Social protection and poverty reduction Despite the positive economic growth path projected for Africa, the possibility of further global shocks coupled with persistent risks for households make proactive
More informationHALF YEARLY MONITORING REPORT OF INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, JAIPUR ON SSA AND MDM FOR THE STATE/UT OF RAJASTHAN FOR THE PERIOD OF
Draft Report 2 nd HALF YEARLY MONITORING REPORT OF INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, JAIPUR ON SSA AND MDM FOR THE STATE/UT OF RAJASTHAN FOR THE PERIOD OF February 1, 2009 to July 31, 2009 DISTRICTS COVERED
More informationNCERT DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS 2014
NCERT DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS 2014 Information Brochure and Application Form 1 National Council of Educational Research and Training Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110 016 2014 NCERT DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS-
More informationDistribution of Population by Religions
Drop-in-Article on Census - No.4 Distribution of Population by Religions Religious profile of the populace is an important socio-cultural and demographic feature noticeable from the first Census in 1872
More informationSARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA)
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA) 10 th Joint Review Mission of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Government of India (20 th to 31 st July, 2009) Aide Memoire List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ABL ACR ADEPTS AG AIE ALM
More informationINVENTORY OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS RELATED TO DROPOUTS IN INDIA
INVENTORY OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS RELATED TO DROPOUTS IN INDIA Contract No. EDH-I-00-05-00029-00 Task Order AID-OAA-TO-10-00010 July 22, 2011 This document was produced for review by the United States
More informationIndia Human Development Report 2011: Towards Social Inclusion
i India Human Development Report 2011: Towards Social Inclusion I n s t i t u t e o f A p p l i e d M a n p o w e r R e s e a r c h, P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n, G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i
More informationRASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN A SCHEME FOR UNIVERSALISATION OF ACCESS TO AND IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY AT THE SECONDARY AND HIGHER SECONDARY STAGE 1.1. INTRODUCTION Chapter - I 1.1.1. Secondary Education
More informationSOCIAL BACKGROUND OF OFFICERS IN THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SANTOSH GOYAL
SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF OFFICERS IN THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SANTOSH GOYAL The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the highest cadre of the civil services in India and is the successor to the
More informationTOOLKIT. Indicator Handbook for Primary Education: Abridged. Compiled by Laurie Cameron (AED)
TOOLKIT Indicator Handbook for Primary Education: Abridged Compiled by Laurie Cameron (AED) EQUIP2 is funded by the U. S. Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement No. GDG-A-00-03-00008-00
More informationHey, what is Human Resource?
PAGE- INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESOURCE PERSON: MR.GANGADHARA NAIK.N SUB: ECONOMICS CLASS-IX WORKSHEET NO:0 TOPIC: CHAPTER: 2, PEOPLE AS RESOURCE DATE OF SUBMISSION: JUNE, 204
More informationOver-Age, Under-Age, and On-Time Students in Primary School, Tanzania
Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Tanzania More than three quarters of primary school age children in Tanzania attend school and gender parity in attendance has been achieved. 1 of children
More informationPopulation, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Benin
Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Benin Demographic and Health Indicators Benin Sub- Saharan Africa World Total Population (in thousands of people) 1950 2,046 176,775 2,519,495 2002 6,629 683,782
More informationTamil Nadu DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001
Tamil Nadu DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001 The total population of Tamil Nadu, as per the 2001 Census is 62,405,679. Of this, 11,857,504 (19 per cent) are Scheduled Castes (SCs).
More informationTraining Construction Workers for Sustainable Environment
International Journal of Environmental Research and Development. ISSN 2249-3131 Volume 4, Number 1 (2014), pp. 21-26 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijerd.htm Training Construction
More informationPrivate School Management Portal
Private School Management Portal Under State Right of Children To Free and Compulsory Education (RCFCE) Rule 2010 School & Mass Education Department Government of Odisha Managed by Odisha Primary Education
More informationEFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES
EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT CREATE INDIA POLICY BRIEF 4 FEBRUARY 2011 EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITEES Community based organisations, such as School Management Committees (SMCs) and other Panchayati
More informationSECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): EDUCATION 1
Country Partnership Strategy: Bangladesh, 2011 2015 SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): EDUCATION 1 Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. Bangladesh has made considerable progress
More informationTrinidad and Tobago Strategic Actions for Children and GOTT-UNICEF Work Plan 2013-2014 1
Trinidad and Tobago Strategic Actions for Children and GOTT-UNICEF Work Plan 2013-2014 1 The Trinidad and Tobago Strategic Actions for Children and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago-UNICEF Work Plan
More informationHALF YEARLY MONITORING REPORT
2 nd HALF YEARLY MONITORING REPORT OF XAVIER INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SERVICE, RANCHI ON SSA AND MDM FOR THE STATE/UT OF JHARKHAND FOR THE PERIOD OF 1 st February to 31 st July 2009 DISTRICTS COVERED 1. JAMTARA
More informationIs privatizing primary education a national pursuit? Dr N Bhaskara Rao Chairman, CMS E: nbrao@cmsindia.org W. www.cmsindia.org
Is privatizing primary education a national pursuit? Dr N Bhaskara Rao Chairman, CMS E: nbrao@cmsindia.org W. www.cmsindia.org There is a deliberate pursuit to privatize education even at primary level
More informationThe Union Budget. A Primer. Avinash Celestine. February 2008
The Union Budget A Primer Avinash Celestine February 2008 Centre for Policy Research Dharma Marg Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110021 Tel: (011) 2611 5273-76, Fax: 2687 2746 www.prsindia.org What is the union
More informationNational Council of Educational Research and Training Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi. Results Framework Document (RFD) for the Period
National Council of Educational Research and Training Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi Results Framework Document (RFD) for the Period April 1, 2013- March 31, 2014 Section 1: NCERT s Vision, Mission, Objectives
More informationSecretary for Education, Science & Technology
Ministry of Education, Science & Technology Vote Number: 250 Controlling Officer: 1. Overview 1.1 Mission To be a catalyst for socio-economic development and industrial growth by economically empowering
More informationIndia. Principles and general objectives of education. Current educational priorities and concerns
India Revised version, November 2006. Principles and general objectives of education India s commitment to the spread of knowledge and freedom of thought among all citizens is reflected in its Constitution,
More informationStatus, Trends and Challenges of. Education For All in South Asia (2000 2015) A S u m m a r y R e p o r t
Status, Trends and Challenges of Education For All in South Asia (2000 2015) A S u m m a r y R e p o r t Status, trends and challenges of Education For All in South Asia (2000 2015) A Summary Report Status,
More informationPrimary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, India. Primary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas, India
Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, India About one-fourth of school age children in India do not attend primary school on time although of children attend primary school at some time in. of
More informationPrimary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Kenya. Over-Age, Under-Age, and On-Time Students in Primary School, Kenya
Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Kenya Nearly of primary school age children in Kenya attend school with slightly more females than males attending. of children ages - attend primary school.
More informationEDUCATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CAMBODIA
Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King ******* MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORTS EDUCATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CAMBODIA 2008 Regional Workshop on Education Statistics for East, West
More informationFederated States of Micronesia Education Sector. Education Management Information System (FSM EDMIS) Report and recommendations of Workshop
Federated States of Micronesia Education Sector Education Management Information System (FSM EDMIS) Report and recommendations of Workshop February 21 25, 2005 Skylite Hotel, Pohnpei State National Division
More informationGENERAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY (GHS) 2013 REPORT: FOCUS ON SCHOOLING
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY (GHS) 2013 REPORT: FOCUS ON SCHOOLING DEPARTMENT OF BASIC EDUCATION GENERAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY (GHS) 2013 REPORT: FOCUS ON SCHOOLING 1 Published by the Department of Basic Education
More informationMalawi Population Data Sheet
Malawi Population Data Sheet 2012 Malawi s Population Is Growing Rapidly Malawi Population (Millions) 26.1 19.1 13.1 9.9 8.0 4.0 5.5 1966 1977 1987 1998 2008 2020 2030 Malawi s population is growing rapidly,
More informationEducation is the doorway to the wider world and an RURAL EDUCATION INTRODUCTION. Michael Ward 1. 286 India Infrastructure Report 2007
286 India Infrastructure Report 2007 12 RURAL EDUCATION Michael Ward 1 An effective student-centred classroom environment. Source: NCERT INTRODUCTION Education is the doorway to the wider world and an
More informationInternational Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com
ISSN: 2347-7474 International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com RESEARCH ARTICLE Job Satisfaction among Library and Information Science Faculty Members
More informationOver-Age, Under-Age, and On-Time Students in Primary School, Uganda
Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Uganda More than three quarters of primary school age children in Uganda attend school and gender parity in attendance has been achieved. of children ages
More informationUser Manual UPRMSA. Official Website & Online Formats
User Manual of UPRMSA (Uttar Pradesh Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan) Official Website & Online Formats (Web User/ Admin Panel) Design & Developed By: In association with MARG Software Solutions www.margsoftware.com
More informationHEALTH TRANSITION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA LESSONS OF THE PAST AND EMERGING ISSUES
HEALTH TRANSITION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA LESSONS OF THE PAST AND EMERGING ISSUES Dr. Godfrey Gunatilleke, Sri Lanka How the Presentation is Organized An Overview of the Health Transition in Sri
More informationVOCATIONAL EDUCATION
CHAPTER 2.4 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 2.4.1 Secondary and higher secondary education are important terminal stages in the system of general education because it is at these points that the youth decide on whether
More informationST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES
ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES Caribbean Symposium on Inclusive Education Kingston, Jamaica, 5 7 December 2007 UNESCO International Bureau of Education St. Vincent and Grenadines Country Report Ms. Laura
More informationPress Note on Poverty Estimates, 2009-10
Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2009-10 Government of India Planning Commission March 2012 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU ***** POVERTY ESTIMATES FOR 2009-10 New Delhi, 19 th March, 2012
More informationREDEFINING POVERTY LINES AND SURVEY OF BPL FAMILIES. ( Rural Areas)
REDEFINING POVERTY LINES AND SURVEY OF BPL FAMILIES Proposal Submitted to Honb le CM ( Rural Areas) 1. 8 th Plan 1992-97 : Ministry of Rural Development, GoI conducts BPL census at the beginning of each
More informationGender Equity in Education: A Review of Trends and Factors. Madhumita Bandyopadhyay Ramya Subrahmanian
Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity Gender Equity in Education: A Review of Trends and Factors Madhumita Bandyopadhyay Ramya Subrahmanian CREATE PATHWAYS TO ACCESS Research
More informationZambia Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programmes
IBE/2006/EFA/GMR/CP/94 Country profile prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2007 Strong Foundations: Early Childhood Care and Education Zambia Early Childhood Care and Education
More informationEducation Statistics. in South Africa. Published by the Department of Basic Education
Education Statistics in South Africa 2014 Published by the Department of Basic Education Education Statistics in South Africa 2014 Published by the Department of Basic Education March 2016 i Department
More informationUser Manual For Online Registration of Private Schools
User Manual For Online Registration of Private Schools Important Instructions for the Private Schools: 1. The purpose of this web portal is to monitor RTE compliance in schools and assess 25% reservation
More informationRight to education: role of the private sector. March 2012
: role of the private sector March 2012 2 Foreword 3 Introduction 4 Contents 1. Elementary education: backbone of the education system 6 1.1 Evolution of the Indian education system 6 1.2 Progress in elementary
More informationChapter 5 EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECE)
EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECE) 5.1 SITUATION ANALYSIS: According to the latest Census Report (1998), the total population of under 5- year age group in Pakistan is 18.6 million which is 14.2% of the 130.58
More informationSocial Exclusion of Scheduled Caste Children from Primary Education in India DRAFT OCTOBER 5, 2006
Social Exclusion of Scheduled Caste Children from Primary Education in India DRAFT OCTOBER 5, 2006 Robert Jenkins Chief, Planning Section and Eimar Barr Deputy Director, Programmes UNICEF India 73 Lodhi
More informationGuidelines for Coaching Schemes for SC/ST/OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) & Minorities for Colleges XII Plan (2012-2017)
Guidelines for Coaching Schemes for SC/ST/OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) & Minorities for Colleges XII Plan (2012-2017) University Grants Commission Bahadurshah Zafar Marg New Delhi 110 002 UGC Website: www.ugc.ac.in
More informationTertiary education is expanding and producing a large proportion of highly skilled adults
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators is the authoritative source for accurate and relevant information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances, and performance
More informationHUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Add : D/108, Sec-2, Noida (U.P.), Pin - 201 301 Email id : helpdesk@campus100.in Call : 09582948810, 09953007628, 0120-2440265 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA CHRONICLE IAS ACADEMY
More informationGoal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 1. Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day a
Annex II Revised Millennium Development Goal monitoring framework, including new targets and indicators, as recommended by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Millennium Development Goal Indicators At
More informationSchool Assessment for School Improvement Program (SASIP)
School Assessment for School Improvement Program (SASIP) A Pilot Programme: 2012/13 Round Table Dialogue for SASIP Stakeholders in Punjab & Sindh By Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi (ITA) 20 th November 2012 Pearl
More informationProgress and prospects
Ending CHILD MARRIAGE Progress and prospects UNICEF/BANA213-182/Kiron The current situation Worldwide, more than 7 million women alive today were married before their 18th birthday. More than one in three
More informationSchool District Snapshot
School District Snapshot Understanding Funding, Spending, and Saving Lots of numbers get tossed around when people talk about money and schools. So do lots of opinions. This article is intended to address
More informationGlobal Development Network Strengthening Institutions to Improve Public Expenditure Accountability
Global Development Network Strengthening Institutions to Improve Public Expenditure Accountability Simulating policy alternatives for dropouts and girls' scholarship program in community primary schools:
More informationGrant No. 20 24 - Ministry of Primary and Mass Education. 1. Mission Statement and Major Functions
89 Grant No. 20 24 - Ministry of Primary and Mass Medium Term Expenditure (Taka in Thousand) Budget 2010-11 Projection 2011-12 Projection 2012-13 Non-Development 4866,63,82 5086,90,69 5306,19,74 Development
More informationMexico. While 15-year-old Mexicans are doing better in school. enrolment rates for 15-19year-olds remain very low.
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators is the authoritative source for accurate and relevant information on the state of around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances, and performance of
More informationSARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN A PROGRAMME FOR UNIVERSAL ELEMENTARY EDUCATION MANUAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT
(Final version as on 2 nd April, 2004) SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN A PROGRAMME FOR UNIVERSAL ELEMENTARY EDUCATION MANUAL ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION AND LITERACY
More informationMatti Kyrö. International comparisons of some features of
Matti Kyrö International comparisons of some features of Finnish education and training International comparisons of some features of the Finnish education and training system The education system DOCTORAL
More informationHow do Government and Private Schools Differ? Findings from two large Indian states. South Asia Human Development Sector. December 2009. Report No.
Report No. 30 South Asia Human Development Sector How do Government and Private Schools Differ? Findings from two large Indian states December 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
More informationDHS EdData Education Profiles
DHS EdData Education Profiles This series of country education profi les uses internationally comparable data from USAID s Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to characterize children s participation
More informationHow Much Does India Spend Per Student on Elementary Education?
Engaging Accountability: PAISA Report Series How Much Does India Spend Per Student on Elementary Education? Ambrish Dongre Avani Kapur Vibhu Tewary October, 2014 Accountability Initiative, Centre for Policy
More informationSAMPLING METHODS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH
SAMPLING METHODS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH Muzammil Haque Ph.D Scholar Visva Bharati, Santiniketan,West Bangal Sampling may be defined as the selection of some part of an aggregate or totality on the basis of
More informationProposed post-2015 education goals: Emphasizing equity, measurability and finance
Education for All Global Monitoring Report Proposed post-2015 education goals: Emphasizing equity, measurability and finance INITIAL DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION March 2013 The six Education for All goals have
More informationCHAPTER - Vll. Need for the study. Findings. Conclusions. Suggestions. Conclusion
217 CHAPTER - Vll Need for the study Findings Conclusions Suggestions Conclusion 218 NEED FOR STUDY In the recent times, life Insurance have become a very important area of research in all most all the
More informationExecutive Summary Full report is available online at www.metlife.com/teachersurvey
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Teachers, Parents and the Economy Executive Summary Full report is available online at www.metlife.com/teachersurvey A Survey of Teachers, Parents and Students Conducted for: MetLife,
More information2. (A) ADMISSION MODALITY FOR MBA #
2. (A) ADMISSION MODALITY FOR MBA # 1. Modality for admission to Master of Business Administration (MBA) Courses, under Gujarat Professional Technical Educational Colleges or Institutions (Regulation of
More informationIreland and the EU 1973-2003 Economic and Social Change
Ireland and the EU 1973-2003 Economic and Social Change Table 1 Population, 1971-2002 viii Table 2 Population of the provinces ix Table 3 Births, deaths and life expectancy ix Table 4 Numbers in education
More informationInternational Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 98
International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 98 Ethiopia: From Bottom to Top in Higher Education - Gender Role Problems by Yelfign Worku Biographical Note Yelfign Worku, Head of Gender and Education
More informationEducation of Children with Disabilities in India : Concern and Policy Perspective Ajit Mondal Jayanta Mete λ
Education of Children with Disabilities in India : Concern and Policy Perspective Ajit Mondal Jayanta Mete λ Abstract Education is the right of every child because it equips him to meet the challenges
More informationQuality of Education in India: A Case Study of Primary Schools of Assam
Bangladesh e-journal of Sociology. Volume 10 Number 1, January 2013. 71 Quality of Education in India: A Case Study of Primary Schools of Assam Sahidul Ahmed * Abstract: The global community is giving
More informationPoverty Indicators Household Income and Expenditure Survey - 2006/07 Department of Census and Statistics Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka
ISSN 1391-4695 March 2008 Poverty Indicators Household Income and Expenditure Survey - 2006/07 Department of Census and Statistics Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Introduction The Household
More informationGOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH ABSTRACT
GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH ABSTRACT Medical Education B.Sc. (Nursing) Colleges Regulation for grant of permission to Private Colleges Rules Issued. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information