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1 Republic of Uganda NFP Uganda National Focal Point on Small Arms and Light Weapons UGANDA NATIONAL FOCAL POINT ON SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS Small Arms: From tools of destruction to assets for construction Uganda National Focal Point on Small Arms and Light Weapons December 2006
2 UGANDA NATIONAL FOCAL POINT ON SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS A Synopsis A safe and peaceful society free from armed violence For further information, please contact: Okello Makmot Coordinator, Uganda National Focal Point on Small Arms and Light Weapons, Tel: /3 Fax: Mob: Mr. Joe Burua, Advocacy Officer, Uganda National Focal Point on Small Arms and Light Weapons, Mob: joe.burua@mia.go.ug joe26b@yahoo.com 2
3 What the Uganda National Focal Point is The Uganda National Focal Point on Small Arms and Light Weapons (NFP) was established by the Government of Uganda in 2001 to coordinate activities to prevent, combat and eradicate the problem of the proliferation of illicit small arms and light weapons (SALW). The NFP is an inter-agency body comprising Government ministries and agencies, as well as organized civil society that have some role in addressing the small arms issue. The NFP functions as the link between regional and national-level institutions. The Secretariat of the NFP is located within the Ministry of International Affairs. The NFP is administered by the Coordinator, under the supervision of the Permanent Secretary and political direction of the Minister. The mandate of the NFP is derived from a number of protocols, programmes of action and declarations on SALWs to which Uganda is signatory. These instruments, for which the NFP is responsible for their implementation at national level, include: a) United Nations Program of Action 1 H.E President Yoweri Museveni addressing the International Topical Seminar on SALWs at Speke Resort Munyonyo, Kampala Composition of NFP b) United Nations Protocol 2 c) Bamako Declaration 3 d) Nairobi Declaration 4 e) Nairobi Protocol 5 The ship of the NFP is composed of a number of Government ministries and agencies, and representation from the civil society as follows: a) President s Office (ISO, ESO, Directorate of Information) b) Ministry of Internal Affairs (Police, Immigration) c) Ministry of Defense (Uganda Peoples Defense Forces) d) Ministry of Foreign Affairs e) Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs 1 United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects 2 The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition 3 Bamako Declaration on an African Common Position on the Illicit Proliferation, Circulation and Trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons 4 Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of the Proliferation of the Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lake Region and Horn of Africa 5 Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa 3
4 f) Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning g) Ministry of Education and Sports h) Ministry of Gender and Social Development i) Ministry of Trade, Industry and Tourism j) Office of the Prime Minister (Pacification and Development, and Disaster Management and Refugees k) Uganda Revenue Authority (Customs) l) Civil society (Uganda Joint Christian Council, People with Disabilities, Centre for Conflict Resolution and Oxfam) Our Vision A safe and peaceful society free from armed violence Our Mission To coordinate efforts to prevent, combat and eradicate the proliferation of illicit small arms and light weapons, through comprehensive, integrated and coordinated approaches The problem of proliferation of illicit SALWs Minister Internal Affairs Dr. Ruhakana Rugunda Signs the Nairobi Protocol Uganda is believed to have large stockpiles of SALW. These stocks are held by the military, the police and other state security establishments, as well as the licensed privately owned arms. However, a sizeable amount of the small arms holdings are in illicit possession, in the hands of insurgents, armed communities and criminals. Karamojong warriors with AK 47 Rifles Illegal/surplus weapons for destruction Illicit small arms proliferation is attributed to past political instability, civil wars and armed conflicts, poor management and control of weapons, inflows from conflicts in the region, as well as illicit transfers and trafficking from other regions of the world due to inadequate regulation of international arms trade and transfers. 4
5 Uncontrolled SALW devastate lives and livelihoods, fomenting conflict, crime, terrorism, hindering development and exacerbating poverty. In Uganda and across the region, small arms have been used to kill thousands of people in conflict, cattle rustling and criminal activities, thousands more are injured, terrorised, or are forced out of their homes into lives as refugees or internally displaced persons. Victims of small arms misuse Strategies to tackle the Problem Small arms issues are complex and multi-dimensional in nature. This calls for comprehensive strategies involving governments and the civil society at national and international levels. A comprehensive and coordinated approach has, therefore been adopted to deal with the issue in a sustainable way. Hon. Sarah Kiyingi, Ex-Minister of State for Internal Affairs inaugurating the Uganda National Focal Point, October 2002 f) Promoting human security and political security and stability, which includes: Support for peace building activities Non violent conflict resolution Conflict prevention Human rights and good governance Social and economic development 5 These strategies are aimed at: a) Tackling the enormous volume of weapons already in circulation. b) Implementing proper measures to account for and secure governments stocks c) Promoting responsible management of SALW d) Implementing effective weapons collection and destruction programs e) Strengthening legislation and its enforcement Minister of State for Internal Affairs, Hon. Matiya Kasaija (R) addresses staff at NFP Secretariat
6 Functions of the National Focal Point At the National Level a) Implement the Nairobi Declaration, Nairobi Protocol and other Protocols, Programmes of Action and Declarations pertaining to Small Arms and Light Weapons b) Develop, implement, resource and monitor the National Action Plan c) Coordinate implementation and operational activities with the Regional Task Forces d) Coordinate activities related to Small Arms and Light Weapons with all stakeholders to ensure compatibility with the national objectives e) Coordinate and interact with civil society f) Conduct and facilitate research on issues pertaining Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its aspects g) Facilitate the exchange and dissemination of information h) Identify and apply lessons learnt aimed at developing best practices i) Build and maintain the capacity of all stakeholders to ensure effective and sustainable action to deal with the SALW problem in all its aspects. Executive Secretary of Regional Center on SALW, Mr Francis Sang at launch of the Uganda NAP Sept At Regional/ International Level a) Coordinate the implementation of all Protocols, Programmes of Action and Declarations pertaining to Small Arms and Light Weapons b) Coordinate the implementation of the Nairobi Declaration and the Nairobi Protocol with the Nairobi Secretariat and other National Focal Points in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa c) Co-ordinate activities related to small arms and light weapons with sub-regional, regional and international organizations to ensure compatibility with national objectives d) Facilitate the exchange and dissemination of information. Minister of Internal Affairs, Hon. Ruhakana Rugunda launching Uganda National Action Plan, Sept National Action Plan on Arms Management and Disarmament The Government of Uganda has adopted a National Action Plan on Arms Management and Disarmament (NAP) that sets out the framework for comprehensive and coordinated action. The plan focuses activity on three key action areas:
7 a) Control and management of existing stock of SALW b) Reduction of the volume of SALW already in circulation c) Prevention of future proliferation of SALW Control and Management of Existing Stock focuses the following elements: a) Small Arms and Law Enforcement Capacity Building b) SALW stockpile and surplus management c) Establishing a normative framework d) Regulating civilian ownership of SALW e) Brokering and shipping agents Reduction Activities Collection and destruction To ensure the adoption of effective programmes for the collection, safe storage, destruction and disposal of SALWs in state ownership Ex-UPDF Assistant Chief of Staff Major General Benon Biraro speaks at launch of NAP, 26 September 2006 Preventative Action Failure to exert effective control over the legal trade opens up possibilities for diversion to illicit markets and end-users. The nature of the export, import, in-transit licensing and end-use certification requirements imposed by governments, and the rigor with which they are monitored and enforced are of great importance in ensuring that transfers of SALW are not authorized to abusive end-users or diverted to illicit markets. The NAP through the development of the National Policy on Arms Management will establish effective operating procedure to prevent future proliferation to take place, such as: a) Licensing controls and procedures b) Reporting, Transparency and Accountability c) End-use certification and monitoring Members of civil society hand a report Control g) Marking and Tracing Arms to Ex- Defence Minister (now Security Minister) In addition, NAP calls for programmes to enhance Hon. Amama human Mbabazi security in order to reduce demand for arms. Priority Activities of the National Action Plan The plan establishes a range of activities that are to be undertaken over a five year period , as outlined below. The activities are clustered around the three key areas of action above.
8 Capacity building of National bodies and agencies This section of the NAP aims to ensure that the national and regional (provincial) agencies that are responsible for implementing the NAP are set up and have the necessary resources, authority and skills to ensure that the NAP is effectively implemented. A key objective in this section is to ensure that the NFP has the capacity and skills to co-ordinate Uganda s actions to address small arms, and that it works alongside the National Security Committee (NSC) and includes representatives from civil society. The NAP also calls for the establishment of Regional Task Forces (RTFs) in each of Uganda s police administration regions in order to ensure that the NAP is effectively implemented at the regional level. Inspector General of Police, Maj. Gen. Kale Kayihura opens National Policy Consultative Workshop, Dec 2005 Policy and legislation It is important that Uganda review its small arms legislation and policy in order to ensure that regional and international commitments are reflected in national legislation and policy, and to ensure that a strong legal and policy framework is in place to control small arms. The NAP outlines the process for developing and reviewing Uganda s small arms policy and legislation. Stockpile management The NAP sets three key priority areas relating to stockpile management in Uganda: record-keeping, stocktaking and the collection and destruction of small arms. The NAP outlines the steps that should be taken in order to improve the accuracy of records on both state and civilian owned small arms in Uganda, and reform and modernise the Central Firearms Registry (CFR). It calls for a detailed study of existing procedures, as well as national stocktaking operation to ensure that the State has accurate and up-to-date information about all state-owned and civilian small arms, including seized and recovered weapons. This process will help update records in the CFR and will identify surplus, seized or obsolete weapons that can be destroyed. Finally, the NAP outlines the process for collecting and destroying weapons. This 8 Minister of Internal Affairs, Hon Ruhakana Rugunda lights a fire to destroy a pile of illegal weapons, Kampala, 26 September 2005
9 will include developing a programme to encourage the voluntary surrender of small arms by civilians, including establishing an amnesty period. Public education and awareness programme An important objective of the NAP is to develop a national awareness-raising and education programme designed to reduce demand for small arms and to build public support for and understanding of key aspects of the NAP. The NAP outlines a number of priorities for public education and awareness-raising, including: a) The development of an awareness-raising programme designed to reduce demand for small arms and establish a culture of peace. b) To communcate the objectives of the NAP to district and local authorities and enhance co-operation between local authorities and RTFs c) To develop a simplified guide to Uganda s new firearms laws, once these have been developed. d) To develop peace education curricula for schools. e) To conduct outreah to the media to encourage attention to the small arms issue and coverage of progress in implementing the NAP. Weapons destruction at Railways Primary School Sports Ground Nsambya, 26 September 2006 Col Eric Mukasa (2 nd L) briefs s of press during weapons destruction exercise, Steel Rolling Mills, Jinja, June Right, Monitor newspaper reporting weapons destruction. Public Information is very important International and regional co-operation and information exchange The small arms problem in Uganda has important regional and international dimensions, and therefore requires effective co-operation regionally and internationally to address it. The NAP outlines the process for improving Uganda s 9
10 ability to co-operate, share information and conduct joint operations and planning with neighbouring countries. It calls for the development of policies and procedures aimed at enhancing cross-border and regional co-operation and information-sharing, particularly with Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan and DRC, as well as the hosting of a series of joint training workshops with law enforcement officials from these countries. It also calls for the development of joint law enforcement operations with neighbouring countries, aimed at collecting and destroying weapons in border areas, improving safety in border communities, and combating the illicit trade in small arms. Border control and refugees The first objective of this section of the NAP is to establish effective controls on the movement of arms, goods and people across Uganda s borders. It calls for the establishment of a Movement Control Working Group to examine how to improve controls at the major points of entry, including modernising and improving systems and equipment for the search for, and detection of, illegal small arms. The second relates to improving the management of refugees and improving human security in and around refugee camps. It calls for the development of a refugee management policy that complements the NAP and the establishment of an inter-agency committee to enhance Uganda s responses to refugee crises. It also calls for further research into the causes of insecurity in refugee camps and the design of targeted development and arms reduction programmes aimed at reducing demand for small arms and addressing armed violence in and around refugee communities. Visiting s of NFPs from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Seychelles and Sudan Human development planning This section of the NAP focuses on addressing those factors that are contributing to the demand for small arms, as well as linking the NAP to broader national security and development strategies. The NAP objectives in this regard include: a) To establish development programmes that will address some of the factors that contribute to the demand for small arms, including poverty and cattle rustling b) Addressing violent conflicts that fuel demand for small arms. It calls for further research to identify and strengthen peaceful conflict resolution mechanisms c) To reduce insecurity and demand for small arms by improving relations between the police and communities through community-based policing programmes Deputy IGP Mr. Julius Odwe officiates at weapons destruction, Steel Rolling Mills, Jinja, May
11 d) To ensure that the NAP complements and links with national development policies and programmes, including the Poverty Eradication Action Plan, the Karamoja Development Plan, the Disaster Management Policy, the Refugee Management Policy and the Northern Uganda Reconstruction Programme. It calls for the mainstreaming of small arms, safety and security issues into Uganda s development strategies and plans e) To ensure that any existing programmes related to small arms control complement and build upon the NAP and the work of the NFP. Training and capacity-building This section of the NAP focuses on training and capacity-building to ensure the longterm success of the NAP. The NAP outlines a number of priorities for training and capacity-building, including training the NFP, senior management officials from the government departments with a role in the NAP, and national law enforcement officials on technical issues relating to arms management and disarmament. It also calls for training of RTFs, including civil society s, on the NAP and the roles and responsibilities of the RTFs in implementing it. Finally, it calls for CSO trainings in all Uganda s regions to enable civil society and community based organisations to engage with the RTFs on the NAP in an informed manner, and to support public awareness-raising on small arms control at the grassroots level. Participants at Public Lecture at Makerere University, to mark the 5 th Anniversary of Nairobi Declaration, March 2005 Civil society organisations The key objective of NAP is to enhance the capacity of relevant civil society organisations to support the NFP and Regional Task Forces in the implementation of the NAP. This will be achieved through programmes to capacitate civil society to conduct training workshops to capacitate s from relevant civil society and community based organisations to engage with NFP and RTF s on the NAP in a meaningful and informed manner, and to conduct activities in support of the public awareness campaign down to district and village levels. Research This section of the NAP focuses on areas in which further research can contribute to the strengthening of small arms control. It envisages that research will be undertaken in collaboration with civil society, universities, think tanks and research institutes. This section identifies a number of areas in which further research is needed for the law enforcement agencies to develop appropriate and targeted responses to small arms proliferation 11
12 Destruction of Anti-personnel Mines in Kampala, July 2003 Critical areas of support This section of the NAP identifies critical areas where Uganda s law enforcement agencies (LEA) need support to enable them to take action to reduce illicit small arms and to carry out their responsibilities effectively and comprehensively. It calls for further research into the establishment of a National Firearms Unit and capacity building of the Crime Intelligence Unit. In addition, it calls for support to LEAs in areas including transportation, communications technology, and equipment, as well as the provision of financial support for joint operations. Achievements of the NFP Some of the achievements of the NFP since its inception include: At national level a) Mapping exercise to ascertain the extent and magnitude of the SALW problem in Uganda and existing capacity to address the issue ( ) b) Development and adoption of a National Action Plan (June 2004) c) Launch of the NAP (September 26, 2005) which was accompanied by a National Stakeholders Conference on September to discuss the implementation of the NAP. d) Destruction of 3000 small arms at a public ceremony during launch of the National Action Plan, to raise awareness about the plan and to demonstrate Government commitment to reduction of weapons in society (26 Sept 2005). e) Destruction of over 57,000 seized, redundant and obsolete small arms and light weapons by smelting. Preparations are in advanced stages for the destruction of large quantities of ammunition (explosives) f) A process to develop a comprehensive National Policy on Arms and Review of Legislation in compliance with international and regional measures on SALW is in advanced stages. A draft National Policy to be submitted to the Minister in February 2007 g) Destruction of over 6,800 assorted Anti Personal Mines in compliance with the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, Ottawa Canada, 1997 (July 2003) h) Training civil society trainers to develop capacity for civil society action to support the implementation of the National Action Plan i) Formulation Civil Society Public Awareness and Education Strategy (March 2006) j) Establishment of Regional Task Forces for arms management and disarmament at the provincial and district levels 12
13 UPDF Chief of Land Forces Gen. Katumba Wamala (R) at KIDDP Consultative Workshop, Entebbe, August Participants at Workshop (Picture R) k) NFP closely involved and has played a key role in the development of the Integrated Karamoja Disarmament and Development Programme KIDDP since November 2004 l) A training workshop for s of the NFP was conducted on November 2006, designed to improve understanding of the roles, responsibilities, functions and structure of the NFP, functions of the officials of the NFP, the roles and functions of the relevant ministries and departments represented on the NFP, as well as the inter-agency coordination and cooperation mechanisms between the NFP and the ministries and departments represented on the NFP Hon. A.Sebuturo Ex-Minister of State, Regional Cooperation (2 nd L) with Coordinator Mr Richard Nabudere (R) at Ministerial Conference, Nairobi, June 2005 At regional and international levels The NFP is participating actively in regional and international forums to promote the implementation of the regional and international instruments on SALWs, including processes to foster the formulation, adoption and ratification of instruments, policies and guidelines for best practices in small arms control and management. Some of the achievements include: a) Nairobi Protocol - signed in April 2004 and came into Force in May Uganda 13
14 NFP Coordinator Mr Richard Nabudere (L) and Mrs Juliet Mugerwa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs at UN Programme of Action Review Conference, New York, July 2006 (picture on R) b) ratified the Protocol in February 2005 c) Ratification by Government of Uganda of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime; and United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, on 21 st April 2005 d) Agreement for the Establishment of the Regional Centre on Small Arms and Light Weapons, signed in June 2005, as a body corporate for coordination of the implementation of Nairobi Declaration and Nairobi Protocol e) Best Practices Guidelines for the Implementation of the Nairobi Protocol for the Prevention, Control and Reduction of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa, adopted by Third Ministerial Review Conference, Nairobi, June The Guidelines include Stockpile Management, Recordkeeping, Marking, Collection and Disposal; Import, Export, Transfer and Transit of SALW, Tracing and Brokering; Public Awareness Raising and Public Education; Legislative Measures, Operational Capacity and Mutual Legal Assistance; Harmonisation of Legislation. e) Training Curriculum for the Implementation of the Nairobi Declaration in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa for Senior Management, Practitioners and Civil Society, adopted by the Ministerial Review Conference April 2004 f) Training Manuals for Law Enforcement Officers for the Implementation of the Nairobi Declaration in the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa f) Africa Common Position to the Review Conference on Progress Made in the Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action, adopted by Government Experts of the states of the Africa Union in Windhoek, Namibia January 2006 and by Africa Union Council of Minister in Khartoum Sudan in March Uganda NFP was of the Technical Team that drafted the document, which supplements the Bamako Declaration Hon. A.Sebuturo Ex-Minister of State, Regional Cooperation (2 nd R), Mr. Julius Odwe, Deputy IGP (3 rd R) and Mr. Francis Sang RECSA Executive Secretary (R) at a regional workshop on SALW, Kampala, October 2005 g) International Transfer Controls Initiative to develop global standards and guidelines to regulate international trade, export, import, transportation, transit and transfer of small arms and light weapons. This process has been in progress since 2002 as part of the review of the UN Programme of Action 14
15 h) Consultative Group Process involving governments and civil society experts from across the world to develop guidelines for arms transfer between states and to non-state actors. This process has been in progress since 2002 as part of the review of the UN Programme of Action. Participants at RTF Training in Kampala (L) and Gulu (R), February 2005 i) Biennial Meeting of States to Review Progress on the Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action July 2003 and July 2005 j) Preparatory Meeting of States in preparation for the United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action, January 2006 k) United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action, (26 th June 7 th July 2006) l) The Uganda NFP hosted s of NFPs from the states of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Seychelles and Sudan, on September 2006 under the Inter-State Exchange Programme aimed to promote sharing of experience and lessons learned in the implementation of the Nairobi Declaration l) A UN General Assembly resolution sponsored by a number of states, Uganda inclusive, passed on 12 th October 2006 to request the Secretary General to appoint a Group of Government Experts to initiate consultations with states on the feasibility and scope for a comprehensive legally binding instrument establishing common international standards for the export, import and transfer of conventional arms. If adopted, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) will be a legally binding instrument that will regulate the transfer of conventional arms (not just small arms and light weapons) Partners supporting NFP at a meeting of NAP Implementation Co-ordination Group 15
16 Partners The NFP recognizes the need for participation of other stakeholders both at national and international level in order to achieve timely and comprehensive implementation of the NAP and is working with a number of international and regional partners that have supported the NFP in a variety of ways, notably, through technical services and expertise, capacity building and placement of personnel at the NFP as well as through provision of equipment. The partner agencies include, SaferAfrica, Saferworld, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and GTZ. A Co-ordination Group has been established to enhance information exchange and co-operation between the NFP and supporting partners. Initially the Group will consist of representatives from the NFP, UNDP, GTZ, Saferworld and SaferAfrica, but other prospective partners with the intention to support the programme are welcome. The group meets on a quarterly basis, and annually for meetings involving individuals based outside Uganda, to review progress and draw out lessons learned. Regional Task Forces Regional Task Forces (RTF) have been established at regional (provincial) level to implement the National Action Plan down to district level. The RTFs conduct practical firearms control and disarmament activities under supervision of NFP. The RTF structure is based on the Police administrative regions. The twelve Police regions in the country upon which the RTFs have been created are as follows: KIDDP meeting in Moroto with representatives from the Karamoja Donor Support Group, September 2006 a) Kampala Extra Region - Kampala b) Central Region - Kampala c) South Eastern Region - Jinja d) Eastern Region - Mbale e) Mid East Region - Soroti f) North East Region - Moroto g) Northern Region - Gulu h) North West Region - Arua i) Western Region Fort Portal j) Mid Western Region - Hoima k) Southern Region Masaka l) South West Region Mbarara A training/planning workshop is to be conducted in February 2007 to enhance the capacity of RTFs to develop and implement regional plans to guide arms control activities. Members of the Uganda National Focal Point as at 31 st December Mr. Richard M. Nabudere (CP) Uganda Police Force 2 Maj. Aloysius A. Kagoro Uganda Peoples Defence Forces Coordinator Deputy Coordinator 16
17 3 Mr. Gashirabake Christopher Ministry of Justice & Constitutional Affairs (Senior State Attorney) 4 Mr Francis Wanyina President s Office (ESO) 5 Mrs Juliet Mugerwa Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6 Mr Wiberforce Ngonde Immigration Department 7 Lt. Robert Mugisa President s Office (ISO) 8 Mrs Flavia Waduwa Office of the Prime Minister (Pacification & Development) 9 Ms Rose Bwenvu Nakabugo Office of the Prime Minister (Disaster Preparedness & Refugees) Member 10 Vacant Ministry of Tourism, Industry & Trade 11 Mr. Uma Agula Francis (Principal Education Officer Secondary Education) Ministry of Education and Sports 12 Mrs. Norah Katumba Wandera Ministry of Finance Planning Economic Development 13 Ms Mary Buhamizo Office of the President Directorate Information 14 Mr. Kweyamba Ruhemba Uganda Revenue Authority (Customs Department) 15 Mrs. Ida Kigonya Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development 17
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