CASPER CHILD ADVANCED SAFETY PROJECT FOR EUROPEAN ROADS. Car Technology. SPEAKER: Britta Schnottale BASt. CASPER and EPOCh Final Workshop 13 th -15

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1 CHILD ADVANCED SAFETY PROJECT FOR EUROPEAN ROADS BASt and EPOCh Final Workshop 13 th -15 th March 2012 Berlin, Germany

2 Content Introduction Accident data ISOFix Safety devices - Pre-tensioner and Load limiter - Passenger airbag - Airbag disabling and CPOD - Side Airbag/ Curtains - Others Integrated CRS 2

3 Introduction 3

4 Introduction 4

5 Accident data front rear front [%] rear [%] total number of restrained children number of children with pretension % 3% number of children with load limitation seatbelts % 6% present of side airbags (at seating position) % 0% on not deployed 17 0 on deployed 7 0 off 0 0 presence of head airbags (at seating position) % 7% on not deployed 8 59 on deployed 2 20 off 0 0 presence of frontal airbag % 0% on not deployed 6 0 on deployed 44 0 off 6 0

position) 24 0 13% 0% on not deployed 17 0 on deployed 7 0 off 0 0 presence of head airbags (at seating position) 10 79 5%

6 ISOFix 100% n=853 80% 60% 40% 93% 69% 66% 84% Isofix Not Isofix 20% 0% 31% 34% 16% 7% < [First roadside survey of child restraint system use and misuse in Belgium; Proceedings Child protection Conference; München 2011] Vehicle seats used by children and equipped wit ISOFix anchorages per model year 6

system use and misuse in Belgium; Proceedings Child protection Conference; München

7 Safety devices Pre-tensioner and Load Limiter Accident database -122 children were seated on vehicle places equipped with pre-tensioners -112 on places with load limitation seatbelts - separation between restraint systems: balanced with less boosters than other CRS and seat belt only - Load limiter were most often recognised with children age 8 to 11 7

limitation seatbelts - separation between restraint systems: balanced with less boosters

8 Safety devices Pre-tensioner and Load Limiter Pre-tensioner and load limiter are expected to benefit especially for children in boosters with and without backrest Benefit: Pre- tensioner Single tests conducted in CHILD misuse test program [Deliverable Misuse Effect Analysis Results of Dynamic Testing Program] - reduction of belt slack, - good coupling between child and restraint system - positive effect on all CRS groups seen in sled tests (reduction of belt slack) Load Limiter Potential to reduce chest deflection -First analysis of the reconstruction database shows the potential of load limiters even at the level of 5 kn 8

2-2 Misuse Effect Analysis Results of Dynamic Testing Program] - reduction of belt slack, - good coupling between child and restraint system - positive effect

9 Passenger Airbag 9 BASt Speaker Britta Schnottale N 4

10 Passenger Airbag - reconstruction database: all cases with rwd CRS deployed airbag: MAIS 4 or MAIS 5 (dependent on the selection criteria) - danger for rwf CRS also depends on the mounting position of the airbag - top mounted airbags seem to reduce the danger for children in rwf CRS essentially[child Deliverable Misuse Effect Analysis Results of Dynamic Testing Program] - for older children in boosters, passenger airbags could possibly have a positive effect on the kinematics 10

reduce the danger for children in rwf CRS essentially[child Deliverable 1.

11 Airbag disabling and CPOD 11

12 Airbag disabling and CPOD 12

13 Airbag disabling and CPOD The only system were there is a communication between the CRS and the vehicle is the transponder system ISO Technical Specification ISO/TS [CPOD Child Seat Presence and Orientation Detection; J. Fausel; Mercedes-Benz AKSE; Euro NCAP TWG 2011] Advantages: -detection of child seat, child seat type and orientation, also ISOFix as well as misuse (e.g. correct positioning) - no overlap between adult and child/ CPOD-CRS - allows CRS type dependent safety device activation (e.g. passenger airbag stages, side bags; load limiters...) Disadvantages: Child seats must be equipped with resonators; specific requirements for vehicle seat and child seats Interim Problems: new car - old CRS without CPOD; new CRS - old car without CPOD 13

g. correct positioning) - no overlap between adult and child/ CPOD-CRS - allows CRS type dependent safety device activation (e.g. passenger airbag stages, side bags; load limiters.

14 Side airbag/ curtain Accident database - No side airbags in the rear head- and side airbags in the accident database - 58 Children placed on the front seat, 79 on the rear - for head airbags/ curtains 34 children are secured by the seat belt, 25 on boosters and 30 with other CRS

placed on the front seat, 79 on the rear - for head airbags/ curtains

15 Side airbag/ curtain Reconstruction database 2 cases with curtains 1 case Q6 booster with backrest; MAIS 5; curtain is stopped by the backrest, no benefit 1 case Q3 in fwd CRS with harness; MAIS 3; Dummy to small to benefit 15

curtain is stopped by the backrest, no benefit 1 case Q3

16 Effect of side airbag Comparison of Q dummy readings in car environment: - «non worst case» (intrusion area more at feet level) - «worst case» (intrusion area more at head level) - «worst case» with side protection devices active All tests: - Q3 in Forward Facing harness systems Isofix + top tether - Q1 ½ - in Rear Infant Carrier + Isofix base - CITROEN C4 Picasso - Side impact barrier AEMDB kg - 50 kph 16

protection devices active All tests: - Q3 in Forward Facing harness systems Isofix + top tether - Q1 ½

17 Effect of side airbag Q 3 results: -Side airbag in the seatback + curtain: Clear improvement on head readings 17

18 Effect of side airbag Q 3 results: -Side airbag in the seatback + curtain: Clear improvement on chest readings 18

19 Effect of side airbag Q 1 results: -Only curtain: - No influence of curtain of RIC on dummy readings 19

20 Others Belt bag/ Inflatable Seatbelt no experience with belt bags up to now Pre-Safe No experience with pre-safe functions up to now 20

21 Integrated CRS Most manufacturers provided Integrated CRS as an add on. At the moment only few car manufacturers provide the possibility of integrated CRS for some models: Two manufacturers: Group II/ III with additional side head rest One manufacturer: Group I/II/III with additional impact shield (for group I) and side head rest with belt guidance One manufacturer: Group II/ III (for one model as 5-seater standard equipment) One manufacturer: Group II/ III two step booster (high for group II, lower for group III) 21

22 Integrated CRS Integrated seats does not seem to be a sales argument; with the exemption of Volvo manufacturer do not promote them very well. Volvo underlines the safety benefits of their integrated boosters on their web side. According to this, integrated booster offer the possibility for children to participate in the benefits of safety systems. Benefits: -Integrated CRS are always available - can be optimised to the advantages of car related safety devices - more accepted by older children, less non use The costs for Integrated CRS are manufacturer depended between standard for 5-Seater and for two seats. 22

23 Acknowledgements The partners wish to acknowledge all the CREST/CHILD and data collection teams and their sponsors from all the countries involved in the accident database UK Loughborough cases, collected during the EC CREST/CHILD projects, include accident data from the United Kingdom Co-operative Crash Injury Study, collected up to CCIS was managed by TRL Ltd on behalf of the Department for Transport (Transport Technology and Standards Division) who funded the project with Autoliv, Ford Motor Company, Nissan Motor Europe and Toyota Motor Europe. The data were collected by teams from the Birmingham Automotive Safety Centre of the University of Birmingham, the Vehicle Safety Research Centre at Loughborough University, and the Vehicle & Operator Services Agency of the Department for Transport. The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK CCIS sponsors. 23

24 Thank you for your attention! 24

Child Safety in Cars. Federal Highway Research Institute

Child Safety in Cars. Federal Highway Research Institute Child Safety in Cars Federal Highway Research Institute Table of Content Introduction...2 What is the legal situation in Germany?...3 Use and misuse of child restraint systems...4 Child restraint systems