STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIOUR TREATMENT PROGRAMS

Transcription

1 STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR PROBLEM SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIOUR TREATMENT PROGRAMS STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR PROBLEM SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIOUR TREATMENT PROGRAMS Auspiced by ANZATSA Auspiced by ANZATSA Updated Version: June 2012 Updated Version: June 2012 Auspiced by ANZATSA

2 TERMS OF REFERENCE Background CEASE has developed out a need to provide Government with a point contact during discussions around development Therapeutic Treatment Orders legislative change towards this end. CEASE had its origins in Offender Program Manager s Meetings which commenced in These were attended by MAPPS, CPS, ACF, Berry Street Shepparton SECASA. Since original meetings Children, Youth Families Act 200 has been enacted has as it guiding principle when providing services to children ir families Best Interest Principles. These principles are adhered to by Problem Sexual Behaviours Sexually Abusive Behaviour Treatment Programs. CEASE is auspiced by ANZATSA. Terms Reference 1. To provide Government with a central contact point for matters in relation to problematic sexual behaviours sexually abusive behaviours. 2. Membership is open to all agencies working with children exhibiting problematic sexual behaviours young people with sexually abusive behaviours. 3. The Chair will be elected by a majority vote for two year terms in December meeting. 4. To share information knowledge in relation to current issues trends within field encourage collaborative practice communication.. To provide advice to Government on improvement services for children young people with problematic sexual behaviours sexually abusive behaviours. 6. To develop stards for service provision within field. 7. To provide leadership in field. 8. Promotion best practice in field. 9. To adhere to review annually Stards Practice.

3 CONTENTS A note on language A note on approach Aims Objectives Stards Practice 7 Aims 7 Objectives 7 Statement Principle 7 Program Goals 9 Program Principles 9 Therapeutic Treatment Orders 11 Children, Youth Families Act Therapeutic Treatment Orders 11 Classification Reports 11 Therapeutic Treatment Board 12 Intervention 12 Referral Pathways Procedures 13 Criteria for Referral 13 Referral Pathway 13 Information Exchange 13 Practitioner Requirements 1 Education Training 1 Minimum Stards for Practitioners 1 Risk Assessment 16 Risk continuing to engage in PSB/SAB 16 Timing Timelines 16 Risk to Child 16 Risk Assessment 16 Treatment 18 Guiding Principles Treatment Models 18 Children Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Intellectual Disability 18 Young People 10 1 years 19 Individual Work 19 Family Work 21 Group Work 22 Eco-systemic Interventions 23

4 Safe Placement 24 Safe Placement Guidelines 24 Basic Principles in relation to Removal Reunification 24 Statutory Considerations 2 Safety Factors 2 Responsibility Treatment Providers 26 Recommendations Separation Reunification 26 Table 1: Safe Placement Matrix 27 References 28 Appendix 1: Sexually Abusive Behaviour Treatment Programs Appendix 2: Assessment Format 32

5 A note on language... The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. A note on language... In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible The terms problem for sexual sexual fences. behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly The distinguish legislation between underpinning se age Therapeutic groupings in Treatment terms both Orders ir (TTO) level in Victoria development refers to criminal sexually responsibility. abusive behaviour In state children Victoria young children people from 10 years age 10 less years than are 1 deemed years. to The be terms criminally are responsible refore not for intended sexual fences. to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually Much abusive behaviour early work children in this area young defines people PSB 10 years pre pubescent less than children 1 years. as occurring The terms in are context refore not intended absence to indicate consent; subjective involve[ing] evaluations use threat significance force or force; behaviour coercion, but rar [may include] to provide a disparity a consistent age, use level language. development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Much less than early 1 years) work (Assessment in this area defines Treatment PSB Sexual pre pubescent Abuse (ATSA) children Taskforce, occurring 2006; in Ryan, 2000, context Boyd, 2006; absence Longo & Prescott, consent; 2006). involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been The accepted term problematic as identifying sexual contextual behaviour elements has been broadly SAB exhibited adopted to by describe children behaviour adolescents a sexual (10 nature less irrespective than 1 years) age (Assessment that is both outside Treatment that behaviour Sexual accepted Abuse (ATSA) as normal Taskforce, ir 2006; age Ryan, level 2000, Boyd, development 2006; Longo & occurs Prescott, to 2006). detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive The term problematic preoccupation sexual with behaviour pornography has been that isolates broadly adopted m from to describe normal social behaviour /or learning a sexual opportunities nature irrespective does age not that include is both outside sexual abuse that behaviour ors. accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part A ir note identity. on approach... A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from The developing SABTS program self. uses Many language children which externalises young people problem outgrow sexual behaviour behaviours or sexually generally, abusive after rapeutic behaviours from treatment, child/young do not continue person. to sexually It is not abuse. about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part It ir is equally identity. important A child to does include not have immediate capacity extended perspective family members to separate in treatment behaviour to gain from new understings developing self. Many behaviour children to promote young people acceptance outgrow child behaviour or young person generally, as a after fully functioning rapeutic treatment, family member. do not continue Exclusion, to sexually hostility abuse. a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: June 2012 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family June member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated

6 position within family. Such a position can leave child/young person with few options for socialization healthy family social relationships. The SABTS program has been developed with underpinning philosophy that first foremost clients are children young people who, due to ir age level development, are understood engaged within context ir families broader ecological systems with which y interact. This includes systems such as ir peer group, school community, communities in which y live associated community organisations y may belong to. The focus is, refore, upon drawing from all se areas to develop an understing PSB or A note SAB for on each language... individual family in terms dynamic relationships between identified strengths, The terms risks problem sexual needs both behaviour within (PSB) in across relation se to ecological children under domains. 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish The oretical between areas se age influence groupings that in have terms informed both ir level development development Therapeutic criminal responsibility. Treatment Model In in state Victoria Victoria include children Feminist from Child age Development 10 years are ories, deemed integrated to be criminally with responsible findings from for sexual neurobiological, fences. trauma, attachment post traumatic stress fields. The This legislation has reflected underpinning consistent Therapeutic findings in Treatment peer reviewed Orders (TTO) literature in Victoria that identified refers to common sexually sets abusive risk variables behaviour within children developmental young people histories 10 years se children less than 1 young years. people The terms that may are include refore disrupted not intended attachment to indicate patterns, subjective early persistent evaluations experiences significance trauma, early behaviour exposure but to sexually rar to explicit provide material, a consistent exposure use language. to family violence, impoverished under resourced sole parents neglect. A furr consistent finding however is that despite se findings re is no predictive Much set early variables work in this or typology area defines for PSB or PSB SAB pre as se pubescent variables children are also as occurring evident in histories context or absence same-aged consent; clinical involve[ing] populations (Chaffin, use Letourneau threat force & Silvosky, or force; 2002; coercion, Duane & Morrison, [may include] 2004; a disparity Elcovitch,Latzman,Hansen age, level development & Flood, 2009; or size. Creedon, This definition 2004; Perry, has subsequently 2001; Rich, 2006; been van accepted der Kolk, as identifying 2003). contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, Essentially, 2000, Boyd, re 2006; is Longo no one & Prescott, size fits all 2006). approach to treatment children young adolescents who exhibit PSB or SAB ir families. This work requires a broad based ecological approach to assessment The term problematic for each child sexual or behaviour young person has been family broadly adopted treatment to describe plan behaviour is n informed a sexual by this. nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in What activities we know normal is that functioning. families can This provide may a include protective behaviours environment such as excessive reduce risk. self They stimulation are or pivotal excessive to a preoccupation shared understing with pornography sexually that abusive isolates behaviours m from normal rapeutic social /or process. learning It is opportunities understood that does child not include /or young sexual person, abuse within ors. ir level developmental understing, is responsible for ir behaviours; however, not for social context in which y are A note performed. on approach... The child/young person subjected to abuse is never to blame for abuse. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 6 6

7 Aims Objectives Stards Practice Aims The Stards Practice present a minimum set requirements for services service goals to ensure equity access quality care for delivery services. The Stards define describe quality service provision. The Stards Practice Manual sets out stards that are benchmarks in providing quality service which act as guidelines for workers in organisations providing treatment for children young people with problem sexual behaviours sexually abusive behaviours. The Stards A note on language... recognise specific challenges facing rural remote services, which include recruitment The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive retention staff providing equitable timely access to treatment. The Stards include behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly minimum requirements for working collaboratively with statutory agencies or services. distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal Objectives responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. To provide an accountability mechanism to service users, Department Human Services, Department Justice, CEASE The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually To provide stards for service provision abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are To provide a framework for developing consistency quality across program refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to To provide provide a guidelines consistent for use service language. development To foster innovative creative practice Much To encourage early work communication in this area defines collaborative PSB practice pre pubescent with key children partners as including occurring Victoria in context Police Sexual absence Offences consent; Child involve[ing] Abuse Investigation use Teams threat (SOCIT), force Child or force; Protection coercion, Out [may include] Home a disparity Care providers age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted To as provide identifying leadership contextual in field elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less To than ensure 1 years) culturally (Assessment sensitive diverse Treatment services Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, To recognise 2006; Longo specific & Prescott, vulnerability 2006). children young people with PSB/SAB ir families The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual Statement nature irrespective Principle age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age The level Problem development Sexual Behaviours occurs to Sexually detriment Abusive Behaviour child s Treatment or young Program person s rely engagement on Best in Interest activities Principles normal outlined functioning. in This Children, may Youth include behaviours Families Act such 200 as excessive as its guiding self principle stimulation when or providing excessive services preoccupation to children with pornography ir families. that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. Division 2, Section 10: A note 1. The on best approach... interests child must always be paramount. The 2. SABTS When program determining uses language wher which a decision externalises or action problem is in sexual best interests behaviours or sexually child, abusive need behaviours to protect from child/young from person. harm, to It is protect not about his or avoiding her rights responsibility to promote for actions his rar or her it recognizes development that developing (taking children into account are likely his or to her internalize age a stage label such development) as sex fender must always as part be ir identity. considered. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from 3. developing In addition, self. consideration Many children must be young given people to outgrow following, where behaviour y are relevant generally, to after rapeutic decision treatment, or action do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 7 7

8 a. need to give widest possible protection assistance to parent child as fundamental group unit society to ensure that intervention into relationship is limited to that necessary to secure safety wellbeing child; b. need to strengn, preserve promote positive relationships between child child s parent, family members persons significant to child; c. need, in relation to an Aboriginal child, to protect promote his or her Aboriginal cultural spiritual identity development by, wherever possible, maintaining building ir connections to ir Aboriginal family community; d. child s views wishes, if y can be reasonably ascertained, y should be given such weight as is appropriate in circumstances; A note e. on effects language... cumulative patterns harm on a child s safety development; The f. terms problem desirability sexual continuity behaviour (PSB) stability in relation in to child s children care; under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour g. that (SAB) a child for children is only to be young removed people from 10 years care less his than or 17 her years parent used if re to clearly is an distinguish unacceptable between se risk age harm groupings to child; in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. h. if child In is state to be removed Victoria from children from care his age or her 10 parent, years are that deemed consideration to be criminally is to be responsible given for first sexual to fences. child being placed with an appropriate family member or or appropriate person significant to child before any or placement options is considered; The i. legislation desirability, underpinning when Therapeutic a child is Treatment removed from Orders (TTO) care in Victoria his or refers her parent, to sexually to plan abusive reunification behaviour children child with young his or people her parent; 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore j. not capacity intended each to indicate parent or subjective or adult evaluations relative or potential significance care giver to provide behaviour for but rar to child s provide needs a consistent any action use taken language. by parent to give effect to goals set out in case plan relating to child; Much k. access early arrangements work in this between area defines child PSB child s pre pubescent parents, siblings, children family as occurring members in context or persons absence significant consent; to involve[ing] child; use threat force or force; coercion, [may l. include] child s a disparity social, individual age, level development cultural identity or size. religious This definition faith (if has any) subsequently child s been accepted age, as maturity, identifying sex contextual sexual identity; elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 m. less where than a 1 child years) with (Assessment a particular cultural Treatment identity is Sexual placed Abuse in out (ATSA) home Taskforce, care with 2006; a care Ryan, giver 2000, Boyd, who 2006; is not Longo a member & Prescott, that 2006). cultural community, desirability child retaining a connection with ir culture; The n. term problematic desirability sexual behaviour child being has been supported broadly to adopted gain access to describe to appropriate behaviour educational a sexual nature services, irrespective health age services that is both outside accommodation that behaviour accepted to participate as normal in appropriate for ir age social level opportunities; development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities o. desirability normal functioning. allowing This may education, include training behaviours or employment such as excessive self child stimulation to continue or excessive without preoccupation interruption with or pornography disturbance; that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities p. possible does harmful not include effect delay sexual in making abuse ors. decision or taking action; q. desirability siblings being placed toger when y are placed in out home care; A note r. any on or approach... relevant consideration. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours Along with from Best child/young Interest Principles, person. It is program not about will avoiding be guided responsibility by Victorian for actions Charter rar it recognizes Human Rights that developing Responsibilities children Act are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from For Aboriginal developing self. Torres Many Strait children Isler young clients people ir outgrow families accessing behaviour services, generally, program after rapeutic model will be treatment, guided by do not Aboriginal continue Cultural to sexually Competence abuse. Framework to provide better outcomes for Aboriginal children ir families. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 8 8

9 Program Goals In preparing this section Stards Practice, acknowledgement is given to ideas drawn from New Street Ethos Statement developed by New Street Adolescent Service, Sydney West Area Health Service, NSW regarding that organization s underlying principles philosophies. Protection children. To assist children young people to: o Cease ir sexually abusive behaviours. A note o on Address language... harm caused by ir past behaviours. The terms o Develop problem safe, sexual respectful behaviour (PSB) responsible in relation ways to children behaving. under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour o Address (SAB) for harm children caused by young ir own people experiences 10 years abuse, less than if this 17 has years occurred. are used to clearly distinguish o Reduce between ir se vulnerability age groupings increase terms resilience. both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible To assist for families sexual fences. to: o Meet emotional physical developmental needs ir children. The legislation o Address underpinning harm caused Therapeutic to relationships Treatment resulting Orders from (TTO) sexual in Victoria or refers abusive to sexually abusive behaviour behaviours. children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore o To not promote intended to nurture indicate safe subjective respectful evaluations family practices. significance behaviour but rar o to provide To challenge a consistent secrecy use promote language. open communication within family healthy family relationships Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context To contribute absence to community consent; awareness involve[ing] issues use relating threat to sexual force abuse or force; promote coercion, [may include] community a disparity safety. age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less To contribute than 1 years) to (Assessment growth knowledge Treatment experience Sexual Abuse in addressing (ATSA) sexually Taskforce, abusive 2006; Ryan, 2000, behaviour Boyd, 2006; by Longo children & Prescott, young 2006). people. The Program term Principles problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level Safety development children occurs young to people detriment is paramount. child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive Children preoccupation sexually abused with pornography by children that young isolates people m experience from normal comparable social /or harm to learning those opportunities abused by adults. does not include sexual abuse ors. A note Children on approach... young people who have abused must be considered within context ir The SABTS age, program development, uses language family, education which externalises broader problem community. sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Sexual that Abuse developing is not children identity are likely children to internalize young a people label such who as sexually sex fender abuse. as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing All children self. Many young children people have young capacity people to outgrow develop healthy behaviour respectful generally, ways after rapeutic being treatment, not continue do not continue to engage to in sexually sexually abuse. abusive behaviour It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 9 9

10 Measures to treat a young person who has been sexually abusive should promote take into account ir wellbeing It is important that family/carers participate in all interventions to contribute to progress changes for ir child to ensure open communication improved family relating, where this is deemed to be in young person s best interests. Practitioners need to be clear inform young person parents/carers about ir responsibilities for PSB/SAB implications having a police charge record A note It on is imperative language... practitioners work to establish collaborative practices with all agencies The terms pressionals problem sexual involved behaviour with (PSB) family. in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 10 10

11 THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT ORDERS Children, Youth Families Act 200 The Children, Youth Families Act 200 (CYFA) recognises that a rapeutic intervention for children exhibiting sexually abusive behaviours is more appropriate than a criminal response. The CYFA makes provisions for reports to be made to Department Human Services regarding a child aged over 10 under 1 years who has exhibited sexually abusive behaviours who reporter reasonably believes is in need rapeutic treatment. These reports can be made by: A note on language... The terms Any problem member sexual behaviour community (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour Victoria (SAB) Police for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish The between Criminal Division se age groupings Children s in terms Court both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible The CYFA provides for sexual for fences. Secretary to investigate se reports, where necessary, apply to family division Children s Court for a rapeutic treatment order (TTO). Where a child needs The to be legislation placed out underpinning ir home Therapeutic to ensure Treatment ir attendance Orders (TTO) in participation Victoria refers in an to appropriate sexually abusive program, behaviour a rapeutic children treatment placement young people order 10 (TTPO) years can also less be than applied 1 for. years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar Therapeutic to provide Treatment a consistent Orders use language. A child may be placed on a Therapeutic Treatment Order (TTO) /or a Therapeutic Treatment Much Placement Order early (TTPO) work in if this Family area defines Division PSB Children s pre pubescent Court is children satisfied as that occurring child in has context exhibited sexually absence abusive behaviours consent; involve[ing] order is use necessary threat to ensure force or force; child s coercion, access to, or [may attendance include] at a an disparity appropriate age, rapeutic level development treatment or program. size. This The definition orders has remain subsequently for up to been 12 accepted months but as can identifying be extended contextual for a furr elements 12 months. SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, The Victoria Boyd, 2006; Police, Longo community & Prescott, or 2006). Criminal Division Children s Court may make a rapeutic treatment report to child protection. When eir Victoria Police or Criminal The Division term problematic Children s sexual Court behaviour makes has been report, broadly Child adopted Protection to describe must refer behaviour matter a to sexual nature Therapeutic irrespective Treatment age Board that for is both advice. outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities Classification normal reports functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Child protection determines does not include how a report sexual from abuse community ors. will be classified, depending on information provided by reporter. Where child protection receives a report regarding a child or young person in need rapeutic The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive treatment from a source or than police, child protection must notify police at point behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it intake in order for police to make an assessment need to commence a criminal recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part investigation. ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after Where a child/young person family have been referred to a rapeutic treatment service in a rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. voluntary capacity have failed to engage in rapy, rapeutic treatment service should make a child in need rapeutic treatment report to Child Protection. Child Protection should It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 11 11

12 classify report a Therapeutic Treatment Report (TTR) proceed with an assessment regarding suitability a TTO. This is because family child have not engaged in a rapeutic treatment service a TTO may be necessary to ensure child s access to, or attendance at an appropriate rapeutic treatment program. Child Protection has option to refer matter to Therapeutic Treatment Board for advice as to wher it is appropriate to seek a TTO in respect child/young person. Therapeutic Treatment Board The Act provides for establishment Therapeutic Treatment Board (TTB), made up 16 representatives A note on language... from: Victoria Police, Office Public Prosecutions, one or more health services Minister The terms considers problem sexual appropriate behaviour (PSB) in Department relation to children Human under Services. 10 years Members sexually abusive behaviour Therapeutic (SAB) Treatment for children Board are appointed young people by 10 Governor years in less Council. than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. The role In Board state is twold. Victoria First children to evaluate from age advise 10 years Minister are deemed for Community to be criminally Services responsible on services available for sexual for fences. treatment children in need rapeutic treatment second, to provide advice to Child Protection regarding suitability a TTO for a child aged between ten 14 The years. legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are Intervention refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but Following rar to provide child protection s a consistent use investigation language. ( referral to TTB where required) a decision regarding appropriate intervention with child must be made. The options for intervention are: Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, TTO is appropriate an application to Family Division Children s Court for a TTO [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been is made. Where re are concerns regarding appropriateness child/young person accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 remaining with ir family a TTPO may also be applied for. less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, A TTO 2006; is not Longo appropriate & Prescott, 2006). child/young person family will be referred to rapeutic treatment service provider for voluntary access to treatment. Child Protection The term will problematic negotiate with sexual behaviour family has service been provider broadly adopted about to length describe behaviour time y will a remain sexual nature irrespective involved prior to age closure that is by both Child outside Protection that behaviour to ensure accepted engagement as normal child/young for ir age person level development family. A case closure occurs meeting to detriment with family child s services or young is required. person s engagement in activities Where normal a family functioning. is initially This ambivalent may include but Child behaviours Protection such assesses as excessive that with self stimulation some support or excessive preoccupation time family with may pornography be able to ensure that isolates ir child/young m from person normal receives social /or any treatment learning opportunities y require does without not include need sexual a TTO, abuse Child Protection ors. can work with family for up to 90 days from report without applying for a TTO. The SABTS The program assessment uses determined language which that externalises no rapeutic problem treatment sexual is behaviours required or eir sexually due abusive to behaviours reported from sexually child/young abusive person. behaviours It is not not being about confirmed avoiding responsibility or child or for young actions person rar it recognizes ir that family developing requiring children or supports are likely but to not internalize rapeutic a label treatment such as sex fender as part ir identity. The assessment A child does determined not have that capacity child/young perspective person is at to risk separate harm behaviour a Protection from developing Application self. to Many ensure children child s/young person s people safety outgrow is considered. behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 12 12

13 REFERRAL PATHWAYS AND PROCEDURES Criteria for Referral Sexually Abusive Behaviours Treatment Services (SABTS) are funded state-wide in Victoria. Each agency is funded to provide services to children young people in a geographical location. Contact details for se services, including locations, are contained on page 31. Children young people referred for treatment to address problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours must meet following criteria: A note The on child/young language... person has displayed problem sexual behaviours or engaged in sexually The terms abusive problem behaviours; sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour The (SAB) child/young for children person resides young within people 10 region years serviced less by than 17 SABTS years agency are used or to specialist clearly distinguish rapeutic between provider se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. The child/young In state person Victoria is aged children between from 0-18 age years, 10 unless years are referring deemed to to MAPPS be criminally where responsible referrals for sexual are received fences. for young people aged years. The child needs to be assessed to determine if y are at risk abuse or at immediate The legislation serious risk underpinning furr SAB. Therapeutic If so, a report Treatment to child Orders protection (TTO) in should Victoria be made. refers to sexually abusive If behaviour sexually abusive children behaviours young constitute people 10 a criminal years fence, less than a report 1 years. to Police The is terms required. are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar Referral to Pathways provide a consistent use language. Individual agencies receive referrals from families, Child Protection, Police, schools or Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in community organisations. All referrals to MAPPS are received from Youth Justice. The family context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, child/young person being referred for treatment must consent to referral, unless a Youth Justice [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been Order, or a Therapeutic Treatment Order or a Therapeutic Treatment Placement Order has been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 made which compels young person to attend treatment. less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). In majority cases, young people years found guilty by court committing a sexual fence placed on a Youth Justice Order are referred to MAPPS at Adolescent Forensic The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual Health Service, Royal Children s Hospital. MAPPS is primary provider treatment for young nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age people subject to a Youth Justice Order who have committed sexual fences. However, re may level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in be times where it is appropriate for or SABTS agencies to provide treatment for such young activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or people. excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Information Exchange does not include sexual abuse ors. It is generally agreed that an ecological approach to sexually abusive behaviour treatment is in child/young person s best interests. Sharing information between service providers can be important The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive in ensuring that treatment needs are being met. It is critical that children/young people ir behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it family are informed about ir rights to confidentiality informed consent is obtained prior to recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part exchanging information. ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 13 13

14 Information is generally exchanged in following ways: secondary consultation for non-statutory service providers, such as out home care agencies, education staff, Family Services practitioners, or pressionals working with child/young person; case care meetings: referral to or agencies, including SABTS agencies: reports to Police, Department Human Services, Department Justice or statutory agencies as required: Written quarterly progress reports (including reports for those on TTOs) from SABT Services A note on language... to child protection if child is a client department. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 14 14

15 PRACTITIONER REQUIREMENTS Education Training Practitioners providing treatment for young people who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviours need to be trained, resourced supervised regularly to maintain pressional stards. In consultation with a nominated University, Victorian Offender Treatment Association (VOTA) Australian New Zeal Association for Treatment Sexual Abuse (ANZATSA), CEASE will work towards development, a Graduate Diploma for workers in sexually abusive behaviours, problem sexual behaviours sexual assault family violence field. CEASE provide a leadership role in providing training education to broader community in this A note on language... area. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly Minimum Stards for Practitioners distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Practitioners are In required state to: Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible Be currently for sexual working fences. in a pressional counselling capacity The legislation Be qualified underpinning as a social Therapeutic worker, psychologist Treatment or Orders or relevant (TTO) in pressional Victoria refers to sexually abusive Practice behaviour in accordance children with young Code people Conduct 10 years Ethics less than both 1 ir years. own The pression terms are refore not Australian intended to New indicate Zeal subjective Association evaluations for Treatment significance Sexual Abuse behaviour (ANZATSA) but rar to provide a consistent use language. Have extensive experience working rapeutically with children, young people ir Much families. early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context Have a minimum absence consent; fortnightly involve[ing] supervision with use a threat supervisor force experienced or force; in coercion, area [may include] working a disparity with children age, level young development people with PSB/SAB or size. This families. definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Have a minimum days per year for full time employees pressional development less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, about problem sexual behaviour sexually abusive behaviours family work. Part time 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). employees should receive a pro rata pressional development entitlement. The term Have problematic experience sexual in understing behaviour has been impact broadly PSB/SAB adopted on to describe family behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age Use an ecological approach to counselling level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning Date to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 1 1

16 RISK ASSESSMENT Key Issues to Consider in Preparing a Risk Assessment Risk continuing to engage in problem sexual behaviours/sexually abusive behaviours Risk can be broadly understood in terms key issues: Are re any factors in child/young person s life that may prevent young person from ceasing behaviour Will child/young person engage in this behaviour again? A note on language... If so when with whom? The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour What (SAB) are for children emerging patterns young people behaviour? 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal Where do y sit on continuum behaviours (severity)? responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible What for are sexual risks? fences. Why is young person exhibiting behaviour? The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive Important behaviour to look children at context for young both people children 10 years young people less than 1 years. The terms are refore What not was intended happening to indicate child s/young subjective person s evaluations history? significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Length time behaviour was occurring? Much What are early work triggers in this to area behaviour? defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, Timing [may include] Timeliness a disparity Report age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been It accepted is important as identifying that assessments contextual are conducted elements in a timely SAB exhibited manner by children a caution placed adolescents on reports (10 that less assessments than 1 years) may no (Assessment longer be applicable Treatment beyond six Sexual months Abuse or if (ATSA) major changes Taskforce, have 2006; occurred Ryan, in 2000, child/young Boyd, 2006; person s Longo life. & Prescott, 2006). Risk The term to problematic Child sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level Is development child/young person occurs exposed to to detriment environmental factors child s or such young as drug person s abuse, engagement domestic or in activities family normal violence, functioning. /or emotional This may abuse? include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive Has preoccupation child/young person with pornography been sexually that abused? isolates Is m from child/young normal person social /or having learning ongoing opportunities contact with does abuser? not include A report sexual may need abuse to be ors. made to DHS Child Protection under Children, Youth Families Act (200) Best Interest Principles. Danger disconnection from family as a result being out home. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours Risk Assessment from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Risk assessment that developing should recommend children are likely least to intrusive internalize option a label to such bring as about sex fender change. as It part should ir include identity. any key A elements child does treatment not have that capacity need to be included perspective in any to rapeutic separate intervention. behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic Risk assessment treatment, documents not need continue to identify to sexually abuse. dynamic nature engaging in sexually abusive behaviours. Risk in re-engaging in sexually abusive behaviours will increase decrease according It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 16 16

17 to absence or presence a range factors circumstances. For example, where a particular stressor is present in young person s environment, risk may increase, whereas risk may decrease when that stressor is mitigated by access to specific support people supervision. Assessments should emphasise that: Adolescent sexually abusive behaviour adult fending are not same Adolescent sexually abusive behaviours are generally motivated by different factors cannot be categorized as one homogenous group A note The on field language... is developing an increased understing different client groups behaviour such as: The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive o Sexually reactive behaviour as a result sexual abuse behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly o Non sexually reactive behaviour No history sexual victimization. Behaviour distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal occurs in context or family/environmental sociological factors including responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally gendered, cultural, structural social factors. responsible for sexual fences. o Behaviour which is anxiety driven, poor coping social skills, ADHD, impulsive behaviour, developmental /or intellectual disabilities. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually o Anti social Sexually Abusive Behaviours. It is unclear how dominant se issues are. abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are High risk non-sexual criminal type behaviour patterns emerging. refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but o Sexually Abusive Behaviours as mechanism for coping with poor family circumstances. rar to provide a consistent use language. o Sexually Abusive Behaviours as comfort or curiosity about sex. Appendix 1 provides useful information to assist practitioners when making an assessment. Please Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in note information contained rein is intended to be used as a guide only. Pressional context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, judgement should guide practitioners use recommended assessment measures suggested [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been assessment format. It is not intended that all measures be used in every assessment, or that accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 assessment format necessarily be followed precisely. less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 17 17

18 TREATMENT Guiding Principles Treatment Models Treatment goals for se groups vary although re are commonalities in treatment. A review literature indicates that re are four essential components treatment models: Community safety Preventing furr harm Addressing harm caused Promoting well-being A note on language... Work with children young people with problem sexual behaviours sexually abusive The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviours, ir family, incorporates Four Pillars Trauma-Sensitivity (Sanctuary Model): behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish Safety between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Emotion In management state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible Loss for sexual fences. Future The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive A combination behaviour following children treatment young modalities people 10 is years essential: less than 1 years. The terms are refore Individual not intended work to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to Family provide work a consistent use language. Eco-systemic interventions Much Group early Work work an option in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context Treatment models absence need to consent; be flexible involve[ing] enough to accommodate use threat force developmental or force; coercion, needs all [may children include] young a disparity people, age, ir level families. development This may or include size. This children definition with has learning subsequently language been accepted difficulties, as developmental identifying delays contextual varying elements levels SAB intellectual exhibited ability. by children adolescents (10 Family less members than 1 or years) carers (Assessment need to be included Treatment in treatment Sexual for good Abuse outcomes. (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, The treatment Boyd, 2006; models Longo target & Prescott, both 2006). voluntary mated clients on a Therapeutic Treatment Order or or child protection order. The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature Children irrespective Young People age that with is both Autism outside Spectrum that behaviour Disorder or accepted Intellectual as normal Disability for ir age level Bonner development Berliner provided occurs two to group detriment treatment approaches child s for or children young person s aged 6 engagement 12 with sexual in activities behaviour problems. normal functioning. Both CBT This dynamic may include play behaviours rapy were such found as excessive to be effective self stimulation in reducing or excessive children s preoccupation inappropriate or with aggressive pornography sexual that behaviour. isolates Neir m from treatment normal approach social /or was found learning to opportunities be significantly more does effective not include than sexual or. abuse At ors. two year follow up approximately equal numbers children in each group CBT 1% DPT 17% had an additional report sexual A behaviour note on problems. approach... A 10 year follow up study found rate sex abuse perpetration reports The among SABTS former program children uses with language sexual which behaviour externalises problems problem who received sexual behaviours brief focused or sexually treatment abusive was behaviours no different from that child/young found among person. general It is outpatient not about clinic avoiding children responsibility with ADHD for (2 actions 3%) rar (Chaffin it recognizes 2008). that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from Children developing young self. people Many with children a disability young tend people to be overrepresented outgrow behaviour amongst those generally, referred after for rapeutic treatment. treatment, Ayl do West not continue (2006) developed to sexually The abuse. Good Way model, a strengths-based program using a Narrative Therapy approach. This approach is particularly relevant for children young It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 18 18

19 people with a disability as clients readily come to appreciate ir strengths good qualities begin to step away from ir own negative labels in so doing begin to accept responsibility for choice over which side would have greatest influence over ir behaviour. An evaluation model noted model is successful in facilitating engagement, disclosure learning about programme concepts. Young People 10 1 years Adolescents are generally harder to engage in counselling than or age groups. Greenwald (2009) notes that young people with problem behaviours are notoriously difficult to help that A treatment note on ten language... fails to lead to client change. The presence neglect, abuse or abonment in The childhood terms problem as well sexual as difficulties behaviour in (PSB) developing in relation close to children stable relationships, under 10 years leading sexually to social abusive behaviour emotional isolation (SAB) for are children variables that young appear people to be 10 correlated years with less sexually than 17 abusive years are behaviour. used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. The trauma In attachment state treatment Victoria children approach from assumes age that 10 individuals years are have deemed a universal to be criminally need for responsible safety, attention, for sexual acceptance, fences. nurturance care. Theorists argue that process for meeting se needs is sometimes via abusive behaviour. They argue re are similarities between anxiety The arousal legislation sexual underpinning arousal from Therapeutic a learning Treatment limbic Orders system (TTO) perspective in Victoria refers se to can lead sexually to an abusive overlap behaviour sexual children attachment young behavioural people systems. 10 years (Crittenden less than p 40) years. (Marshall The terms 1989). are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar The focus to provide treatment a consistent (Crittenden, use language p 208) is on addressing impact trauma attachment issues on behaviour relationships. This includes garing information on subtle or Much internalised cognitions early work in behaviours this area defines that were PSB consequence pre pubescent children child s trauma as occurring experience. in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may A phase-oriented include] a disparity treatment age, approach level which development includes or a size. shift This focus definition over has time subsequently based on client been accepted needs, support as identifying tolerance, control contextual motivation elements is SAB used. exhibited (p209) Theorists by children argue adolescents fundamental (10 goal less in treating than 1 years) abusive (Assessment behaviour should Treatment not be defined Sexual merely Abuse (ATSA) as Taskforce, absence 2006; abuse Ryan, in 2000, relationships Boyd, 2006; but as Longo & increased Prescott, capacity 2006). to engage maintain stable, mutual intimate relationships with ors. The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature Patterson, irrespective DeBaryshe age & that Ramsey is both (1989) outside Reid, that Patterson behaviour accepted Snyder as (2002), normal have for ir developed age a level dynamic development developmental model occurs for to antisocial detriment behaviour. The child s reinforcement or young person s for coercive engagement behaviour in activities model describes normal an at-risk functioning. child who This is may reinforced include in behaviours family environment such as excessive for acting-out self stimulation behaviour or excessive who learns preoccupation to favour with this pornography behaviour as that a way isolates managing m from impulses normal social frustrations /or learning to opportunities exclusion pro-social does alternatives. not include sexual abuse ors. Alan Jenkins (1990, 1998, 2009) has developed an invitational model engagement intervention to assist young people who have sexually abused to make choices that will lead m towards responsibility respect self ors. The model invites young people to be The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive accountable for ir actions to promote fairness, respect an ethical stance. behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part Individual Work ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from Treatment developing models self. will Many include children individual work young with: people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic The child/young treatment, do person not continue who has to engaged sexually in abuse. behaviours It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 19 19

20 Their parent(s)/carer(s) Their siblings (including siblings y abused) Or significant people from extended family, Out--Home Care or community. Victims sibling sexual abuse ir family members should also be routinely referred for treatment. Their involvement in rapy is crucial to recovery family unit from abuse, ensures that victims experience remains a central part treatment. Non-sibling victims ir families should be supported advised treatment options. When victims A note on children language... engaging in PSB/SAB are members same extended family or close friends, it The may terms be important problem sexual to allow behaviour separate (PSB) treatment in relation components to children under to work 10 closely years toger. sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish Individual treatment between se for children age groupings young in terms people both who ir have level engaged development in problematic or criminal sexually responsibility. abusive behaviours In may state include Victoria following children mes: from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. Rights responsibilities (legal, social, familial) The legislation Impacts underpinning problem sexual Therapeutic behaviours Treatment (on self Orders ors) (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are Victim experiences, including Trauma Loss refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to Identifying provide a triggers consistent use language. Developing emotional intelligence empathy (understing one s own feelings, as well as Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in those ors) context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] Strengths a disparity based work age, developing level development social skills, self or esteem, size. This confidence, definition communication has subsequently been accepted Support as identifying networks contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, Emotional 2006; Longo behavioural & Prescott, management/regulation 2006). Managing unsafe behaviours/creating safety The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective Shame disadvantage age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level Healthy development sexuality occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive Gender/stereotypes/masculinity preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Or bullying does behaviour not include violence sexual abuse ors. Individual treatment for parents carers may include following mes The SABTS Legal program consequences uses language behaviour which externalises for child problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Managing that developing unsafe behaviours/creating children are likely safety to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. Providing A appropriate child does not supervision have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic Rights treatment, responsibilities do not continue (legal, to social, sexually familial) abuse. Parenting a child with emotional or behavioural difficulties It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 20 20

21 Discussing puberty sexuality what constitutes healthy sexual behaviour. Impact problem sexual behaviours on parent s relationships, lifestyle family. Their own reactions guilt, fear, loss, shame. Dealing with community responses Utilising support networks Rebuilding trust How to manage PSB/SAB A note on language... Addressing issues which may impact on parent s capacity to provide a safe stable The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive environment for ir child/ren. Such issues may include mental health, substance use, behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly family violence. distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally Family Work responsible for sexual fences. Family work is a valuable modality treatment The legislation All family underpinning members Therapeutic must to Treatment be invited Orders to be (TTO) involved Victoria in treatment, refers to unless sexually such abusive behaviour involvement children is contra-indicated young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide Practitioners a consistent need use to assertively language. engage with families as re is significant shame stigma associated with behaviour which needs to be addressed to promote good Much outcomes. early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context Such an absence approach consent; is likely to involve[ing] promote better use treatment threat options force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted The goal as family identifying work is multifaceted: contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; To provide Longo & education Prescott, 2006). a frame reference for parents To provide skills to parents to help ir children recover from manage The term problematic behaviour. sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age To rebuild relationships in family extended family that have been damaged by level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in abusive behaviours activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation To use enhancement with pornography that relationships isolates m to: from normal social /or learning opportunities 1. does provide not include a supportive sexual environment abuse ors. for young person to address ir abusive behaviour 2. support recovery victim/s sexual abuse The SABTS program 3. uses support language recovery which externalises abusing problem child sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from 4. child/young address attachment person. It is antisocial not about difficulties avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that To developing address children safety needs are likely in to family internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing To self. support Many strengths children based young approach people in treatment. outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 21 21

22 Family work may include parent-child/carer-child, couple sibling whole--family sessions. Sessions may focus on a range treatment mes (see those listed above). It may also bring in extended family members significant ors. If a child or young person has been removed from home family work is critical, family reunification should remain a high-priority treatment goal unless irremediable risk issues exclude this option. Many treatment providers deliver models treatment that necessitate involvement families in rapy. Services which target children young people have found that involvement families in treatment is essential in producing best outcomes for child young person exhibiting problem sexual behaviours. In cases sibling sexual abuse, involvement family A in note treatment on language... is particularly vital. Funding arrangements take into account need for family work. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour Group Work (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Treatment services In in state Victoria Victoria have children demonstrated from that age viability 10 years are deemed efficacy to be group criminally work responsible modalities for treatment sexual fences. for problem sexual behaviours/sexually abusive behaviours are dependent on several factors including: The legislation age underpinning target group Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are nature sexual behaviours refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide number a consistent clients who use may language. be eligible availability appropriate facilities adequately skilled facilitators Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context capacity absence families consent; systems involve[ing] to support use a young threat person s/child s force or force; regular coercion, attendance [may include] at group a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Group less work than for 1 parents years) can (Assessment also be an effective Treatment form intervention. Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Group Boyd, work 2006; for children, Longo & young Prescott, people 2006). parents may form a chosen modality treatment where a service provider has identified that: The term problematic re is a demonstrable sexual behaviour need has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development that sufficient client occurs numbers to exist detriment to make this viable child s or young person s engagement in activities where normal such functioning. an approach This is may likely include to promote behaviours better such treatment as excessive outcomes self i.e. stimulation not lead or to excessive preoccupation iatrogenic effects with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. Group work may best act as a complementary treatment modality to individual family-based A methods note on treatment approach... can be used to address issues related to problem sexual behaviours, such The as social SABTS skills, program rar uses than language addressing which externalises behaviours mselves. problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Funding arrangements that developing allow children for sufficient are likely flexibility to internalize such that a label services such can as provide sex fender group as programs part ir when identity. y are likely A child to does prove not viable have beneficial. capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 22 22

23 Eco-systemic Interventions Eco-systemic interventions applicable to this population may include: working with schools working with extended family, significant ors occasional carers working with peers community collaboration with or pressionals working child/young person/family outreach to client s local environment A note working on language... with child protection SOCIT The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour working (SAB) with for children Out--Home young care providers people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Funding arrangements In state presume Victoria eco-systemic children interventions. from age In 10 many years instances are deemed it is valuable to be criminally to meet responsible with schools for to sexual discuss fences. management plans to develop Safety Plans. In rural areas outreach capacity is essential to effective service delivery. Work with extended family, peer community The groups legislation may be particularly underpinning important Therapeutic to children Treatment young Orders people (TTO) in care, Victoria who refers are to isolated sexually from abusive ir immediate behaviour family. children In rural areas young practitioners people 10 years can provide less secondary than 1 consultation years. The terms to or are refore pressionals not intended remote to locations indicate to subjective assist m evaluations in providing significance family interventions. behaviour Within but rar funding to provided a consistent use use petrol language. vouchers, transport tickets or video conferencing are recommended to assist families to access treatment. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 23 23

24 SAFE PLACEMENT Safe Placement Guidelines In preparing this section guidelines, acknowledgement is given to safe placement guidelines developed in Children s Protection Society Initial Parent/Carer Assessment AIM Program in UK (Morrison Henniker 2006). A safe placement is one in which a child is safe from furr sexual, physical /or psychological harm. The risk to or children should be minimised. Such a placement is one that protects a young person with sexually abusive behaviours by minimising both risk opportunity A behaviour note on re-occurring. language... Safe placement considerations have particular relevance for children who The normally terms reside problem toger. sexual Typically behaviour this (PSB) would in relation be a sibling to children group in under which 10 an years older sibling sexually has sexually abusive behaviour abused a younger (SAB) for sibling. children However young considerations people 10 years equally apply less than to or 17 years circumstances are used to or clearly family distinguish arrangements between in which se children age groupings reside toger. in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible Basic Principles for sexual in Relation fences. to Removal Reunification 1. Removal should only be considered as last option The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually 2. Reunification plan should be developed at commencement treatment abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore 3. Safety not plans intended always to need indicate to be subjective in place evaluations significance behaviour but rar 4. to Review provide needs a consistent to occur use on a regular language. basis Much Statutory considerations early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context In discussion with absence parents it consent; is not unusual involve[ing] to have to address use threat role, force potential or force; role, coercion, statutory [may agencies. include] Consideration a disparity must age, be level given to development reporting sexual or size. fences This committed definition has by subsequently young people been with sexually accepted abusive as identifying behaviours. contextual The following elements legislative SAB framework exhibited guides by children decision-making adolescents around (10 reporting: less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). a) In accordance with Children, Youth Families Act (CYFA) 200 S.10, all decisions should take into consideration best interests child. This can be complex when weighing up best The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual interests victim alongside best interests young person alleged to have caused sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age harm. However best interests victim would usually prevail over young person engaging level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in in sexually abusive behaviour. activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive b) When making preoccupation a decision with around pornography wher that to report isolates to Child m Protection, from normal defer social to provisions /or learning made opportunities in CYFA 200 S.162 does (d) not include child has suffered, sexual abuse or is likely ors. to suffer, significant harm as a result sexual abuse child's parents have not protected, or are unlikely to protect, child from A harm note that on approach... type. The c) When SABTS making program a decision uses language to report which to Police, externalises consideration problem is sexual given to behaviours Crimes or (Sexual sexually Offences) abusive behaviours Act The from reported child/young sexually person. abusive behaviours It is not about must avoiding constitute responsibility a criminal for act actions in accordance rar it recognizes with Act that in developing order for treatment children are practitioners likely to internalize to consider a label reporting such as sex disclosed fender information. as part ir Furr identity. considerations A child does are set not out have below which capacity inform a perspective decision to report to separate to Police. behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 24 24

25 Safety factors Many factors must be taken into account when assessing wher a young person who has displayed sexually abusive behaviours can safely remain at home with or children. Consideration such factors can be an ongoing process from intake phase, through counselling as a consideration at conclusion treatment. These include a combination parental child factors. Parents The role parents is crucial in ensuring safety. The following factors are important to assess: a) The response parents to disclosure abuse. It is recognised that parents can feel torn A note between on language... needs ir children, particularly in situations where an allegation is denied by a The terms sibling. problem Preferably sexual a parent behaviour believes (PSB) a in disclosure, relation to or children is at least under open 10 to years possibility sexually it abusive being behaviour truthful. (SAB) It is for important children to underst young people that parental 10 years response less than may 17 change years through are used to process clearly distinguish assessment between se engagement. groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. b) The manner In in which state a disclosure Victoria children is managed from by parents age 10 can years be an are important deemed to indicator be criminally as to responsible ir capacity for sexual to maintain fences. a safe environment. A contrast may be a parent who immediately sought help a parent who sought to conceal a disclosure. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually c) abusive The behaviour parent s attitude children toward ir young children people 10 years abuse. The less parents than 1 attitude years. The toward terms who are is refore responsible not intended for abuse to indicate subjective significance evaluations abuse is important significance to clarify. behaviour but d) rar The to parents provide commitment a consistent use to a safety language. plan likely capacity to implement this. e) Parents need to cooperate with agencies. In particular, y need to be supportive Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in counselling for ir children. For a young person who has caused sexual harm this would ten context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, be with a specialist treatment service attendance at insistence parents. Ideally [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been victim abuse would be encouraged to attend ir own counselling. A commitment for accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 parental participation in counselling process should also be sought (i.e. family work). less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, f) Parents Boyd, 2006; must support Longo & Prescott, commit 2006). to restricting access young person to potential victims within or outside household. This applies to all areas young person's life such as The school, term problematic family, employment sexual behaviour social has settings. been broadly A high adopted level supervision to describe may behaviour required. a sexual nature Children irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities The following normal factors functioning. relating to This all may include children behaviours in family such contribute as excessive to self assessment stimulation or excessive safety: preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning a) opportunities The ages does children not include home. sexual abuse ors. b) The nature relationship between child/ren young person who has engaged in sexually abusive behaviours. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive c) behaviours The history, from nature child/young features person. or It is not children about have avoiding responsibility young person s for sexually actions rar abusive it recognizes behaviours, that developing including wher children he/she are likely has to acknowledged internalize a label behaviour. such as sex fender as part d) ir The identity. history, A nature child does features not have any capacity or problematic perspective or aggressive to separate behaviour behaviour by young from developing person. self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. e) The response, presentation view known victim following disclosure abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 2 2

26 f) The young person's behaviour in or contexts such as school with peers. g) Wher child/ren have been interviewed by Child Protection. h) Current stressors in young person's environment which could act as potential triggers for sexually abusive behaviour. Responsibility Treatment Providers Treatment providers need to recognise onerous position parents when considering if children can remain toger following disclosure or discovery sibling abuse. When separation does occur, prospect reunification should be a focus intervention from commencement assessment A note on language... treatment. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour In order to (SAB) be in for a position children to consider young people best interests 10 years all less than children, 17 years a care team used to approach clearly distinguish to communication between se between age groupings counsellors in terms is encouraged. both ir This level is particularly development important criminal when responsibility. practitioners work In in state different Victoria programs children within from one agency 10 or years across are agencies. deemed to Regular be criminally review responsible meetings provide for sexual an fences. opportunity to consider wher separation siblings (should this occur) continues to be a rapeutic recommendation. Consent should be sought from parents children The for communication legislation underpinning to occur between Therapeutic practitioners Treatment involved Orders with (TTO) family in Victoria members. refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore Recommendation not intended Separation to indicate subjective Reunification evaluations significance behaviour but rar The rapeutic to provide needs a consistent victims use sibling language. abuse sibling who has caused harm will be an important consideration, both in decision making about children residing toger ir being Much reunited in early event work a in prior this separation. area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may From include] perspective a disparity victim, age, level following development factors or are size. important: This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 That a child has had an opportunity to process experience abuse. In particular that less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, child has an appropriate level understing for ir age, as to who is responsible for abuse; 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). That y will not experience a sense blame, or at least this is minimised as much as possible, The term that problematic y form sexual some behaviour understing has been broadly experience adopted in to story describe ir behaviour life. a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age To address any adverse impacts abuse. level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities That in normal future contact functioning. with This a sibling may that include y behaviours have both such a sense as excessive physical self stimulation emotional or excessive safety. preoccupation Some form with apology pornography restitution that may isolates assist m in this from regard. normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. With regard to a young person who has caused sexual harm, following factors are important: The SABTS A range program potential uses treatment language which factors externalises has been discussed problem sexual earlier behaviours in this document. or sexually Progress abusive in behaviours se areas from would child/young be particularly person. relevant It is in not sibling about abuse avoiding situations. responsibility for actions rar it recognizes He/she that is able developing to discuss children his/her are abusive likely to behaviour internalize a appropriate label such as to sex his/her fender age, be as able part to ir acknowledge identity. A child an appropriate does not have level responsibility. capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after He/she is able to underst influences/motivations abusive behaviour; to have rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. strategies to manage se in future. It is equally He/she important is able to demonstrate to include immediate some understing extended family impacts members in abuse treatment upon to gain sibling new understings Date ratified: or February family 2010 members. behaviour Some form to promote apology acceptance may follow from child this. or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames He/she is able to address or difficult behaviours such as aggression. child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 26 He/she is able to communicate his/her views/needs, particularly to his/her parents. Parental progress 26 The role parents to support children in counselling is great importance. Working toward establishing a home environment that ensures physical safety supports emotional well being is

27 He/she is able to demonstrate some understing impacts abuse upon sibling He/she or is able family to members. demonstrate Some some form understing apology may follow impacts from this. abuse upon sibling He/she or is able family to members. address or Some difficult form behaviours apology may such follow as aggression. from this. He/she is able to communicate address or his/her difficult views/needs, behaviours such particularly as aggression. to his/her parents. Parental He/she progress is able to communicate his/her views/needs, particularly to his/her parents. The Parental role progress parents to support children in counselling is great importance. Working toward The establishing role parents a home to environment support that children ensures in physical counselling safety is great supports importance. emotional Working well being toward is establishing essential. A supportive a home environment stance to that sibling ensures who physical has caused safety harm includes supports holding emotional m well to account being is essential. for ir actions. A supportive In turn stance quality to sibling parental who has relationship caused harm will includes be a significant holding m influence to account on for conduct ir actions. children, In turn particularly quality around parental managing relationship conflict will restoring be a significant trusting influence relationships. conduct children, particularly around managing conflict restoring trusting relationships. A note on language... The terms problem sexual behaviour Table (PSB) 1: in relation Safe Placement to children Matrix under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly FACTORS TO CONSIDER Table REGARDING 1: Safe REMOVAL Placement Matrix REUNIFICATION distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In Age FACTORS state TO CONSIDER Victoria REGARDING children from REMOVAL age 10 Child years Protection are REUNIFICATION deemed is responsible to be criminally for making Young responsible for Progress in treatment admissions regarding decisions regarding removal Age sexual fences. Child Protection is responsible for making Person alleged fences reunification. However, rapeutic Young Progress in treatment admissions regarding decisions regarding removal with Accepting external limits/supervision treatment provider s assessment safety Person The legislation alleged underpinning fences Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) reunification. in Victoria However, refers to rapeutic sexually Sexually Willing to participate in treatment should be provided to Child Protection for with abusive behaviour Accepting children external limits/supervision young people 10 years treatment less than provider s 1 years. assessment The terms safety are Abusive Attending treatment regularly consideration in ir decision making. Sexually refore not Behaviours intended Willing to participate to indicate in subjective treatment evaluations should significance be provided to Child behaviour Protection but for Abusive rar to provide Assessment young person s position? Attending a consistent treatment use regularly language. consideration in ir decision making. Behaviours (Acknowledgment? Wants to cease? What are his Assessment young person s position? special needs? Does he want safety being Much early (Acknowledgment? work in this area Wants defines to cease? What PSB are pre his pubescent children as occurring in away from home?) context special absence needs? consent; Does he want involve[ing] safety being use threat force or force; coercion, History multiple /or serious fences [may include] a away disparity from home?) age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been Age The victim s physical safety is maximised. accepted as identifying History multiple contextual /or serious elements fences SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Victim(s) Involved in treatment less than 1 Age Able years) to address (Assessment abuse Treatment Sexual The The Abuse victim s child (ATSA) physical does not Taskforce, safety is feel pressure 2006; maximised. to Ryan, be Victim(s) 2000, Boyd, 2006; Involved Assessment Longo in & treatment Prescott, victim s position 2006). how safe does responsible for reunifying family. Able to address abuse The child does not feel pressure to be she/he feel what are her/his needs? Assessment victim s position how safe does responsible for reunifying family. The term problematic Parents level sexual behaviour co-operation/ has acknowledgment/ been broadly adopted Families to describe develop at behaviour different stages. a sexual she/he feel what are her/his needs? The nature irrespective Family agreement age to that work is with both safety outside plan. that behaviour accepted young person as normal may be ready for ir for Parents level co-operation/ acknowledgment/ Families develop at different stages. The level development How easily can occurs a safety to plan be detriment constructed? child s reunification or young before person s family, engagement vice versa. in agreement to work with safety plan. young person may be ready for Family activities normal (What functioning. are resources This available may include for this behaviours family Care team reviews are important in tracking How easily can a safety plan be constructed? reunification such as excessive before family, self stimulation or vice versa. or excessive preoccupation from broader system extended family? readiness all family members to (What are with resources pornography available that for this isolates family m Care from team normal reviews social are important /or learning tracking opportunities What are options for placing young ensure reunification occurs at right from does broader not include system sexual extended abuse family? ors. readiness all family members to person?) time. What are options for placing young ensure reunification occurs at right How person?) safe is general community? time. Developmental needs all children? Responsibility for reunification should not The SABTS program How safe uses is language general which community? externalises problem sexual What are needs or siblings? be placed behaviours with victim or sexually child. abusive behaviours from Developmental child/young needs person. all children? It is not about avoiding Responsibility for reunification should not Does family accept need for supervision? responsibility for actions rar it What are needs or siblings? be placed with victim child. recognizes that Have developing all children children affected are been likely referred to internalize for a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. assessment Does A child family does not accept counselling? have need capacity for supervision? perspective to separate behaviour from developing Are Have self. parents all Many children willing children affected to be involved been young referred in ir people for outgrow behaviour generally, after Date ratified: February 2010 Date rapeutic to be reviewed: treatment, children s February do treatment 2014 not continue where to appropriate? sexually abuse. Date ratified: February Good 2010 capacity to supervise adequately? 27 Date to be reviewed: Compliance February with 2014 It is equally important to include statutory immediate treatment extended service s family members in treatment to gain new 27 understings recommendations? behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning family member. Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 27

28 References Araji, S. K. (2004). Preadolescents adolescents: Evaluating normative non-normative sexual behaviours development. In G. O Reilly, W.L Marshall, A. Carr & R. Beckett (eds.), The Hbook clinical Intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp. 4 3). Hove: Brunner Routledge. Association for Treatment Sexual Abusers. (2008) Report ATSA Task Force on Children with Sexual behavior problems. ( Ayl A note on West. language... The Good Way model: A strengths-based approach for working with young people especially The terms those problem with sexual intellectual behaviour difficulties, (PSB) in who relation have to sexually children abusive under 10 behaviour. years July sexually 2006, abusive Vol 12, No behaviour 2 pp (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal Boyd, responsibility. C in collaboration In state with Leah Victoria Bromfield children (2006) from Young age people 10 years who sexually are deemed abuse: to key be issues. criminally (National responsible Child for protection sexual fences. Clearinghouse Practice brief No. 1). Retrieved 31 March, 2008, from The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive Briere, J. behaviour Jordan, CE. children (2009) Childhood young maltreatment, people 10 years Intervening less Variables, than 1 years. Adult The terms are refore Psychological not Difficulties intended to in Women: indicate subjective An overview evaluations Trauma, Violence, significance & Abuse, 10, behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Chaffin, M., & Bonner, B.L. (1998). Don t shoot, we re your children. Have we gone too far in our response Much to adolescent early work sexual in this abusers area defines children PSB with sexual pre pubescent behavior children problems? as Child occurring in Maltreatment context, 3(4), absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been Children s accepted as Protection identifying Society. contextual (2003) Sibling elements Sexual Abuse SAB prevention exhibited by project. children A research adolescents project on (10 nature less than 1 characteristics years) (Assessment sibling sexual Treatment abuse. Melbourne: Sexual Abuse Children s (ATSA) Protection Taskforce, Society 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). Creeden, K. (2004) Integrating Trauma Attachment research into treatment Sexually Abusive The term Youth. problematic In Calder, sexual M. (ed) behaviour Children has been Young broadly people adopted who sexually to describe abuse. behaviour Russell House a sexual Publishing nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in Crts, activities T (2003) normal Doli incapax: functioning. Why This children may deserve include its behaviours protection such Murdoch as excessive University self Electronic stimulation or Journal excessive preoccupation Law, Volume 10, with Number pornography 3 (September that isolates 2003) Retrieved m from th February, normal social 2010 /or from learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. mption%20%20doli%20incapax_t Department The SABTS program Human uses Services language (2007) which Children externalises in need problem Therapeutic sexual behaviours treatment retrieved or sexually October, abusive 2007 behaviours from data/assets/pdf_file/0019/79102/ecec_cntt_factsheet.pdf from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part Duane, ir identity. Y & Morrison, A child T. does (2004). not Families have capacity young people perspective who sexually to abuse: separate Characteristics, behaviour from contexts developing considerations. self. Many children In G. O Reilly, young W.L Marshall, people outgrow A. Carr & R. Beckett behaviour (eds.), generally, The Hbook after rapeutic clinical Intervention treatment, with do not young continue people to who sexually sexually abuse. abuse (pp ). Hove: Brunner Routledge. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 29 28

29 Elkovitch, N., Latzman, RD., Hansen, DJ. Flood, MF. (2009) Understing child sexual behavior problems: A developmental psychopathology framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, Epps, K. Fisher, D. (2004). A Review research literature on young people who sexually abuse. In G. O Reilly, W.L Marshall, A. Carr & R. Beckett (eds.), The Hbook clinical Intervention with young people who sexually abuse (pp ). Hove: Brunner Routledge. Flanagan, K. Hayman-White, K. (1999) Adolescent Sex Offender treatment program: Evaluation/client prile report. Melbourne: Children s Protection Society Friedrich, A note on W.N., language... Davies, W.H., Feher, E., & Wright, J. (2003) Sexual behavior problems in preteen children: The terms developmental, problem sexual ecological, behaviour (PSB) behavioural in relation correlates. to children Annuals under 10 years New York sexually Academy abusive behaviour Science, 989, (SAB) 9 for 104. children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Greenwald, R. (2009) In state Treating Victoria Problem children Sexual Behaviours: from age A Trauma 10 years Informed are deemed Approach. to be New criminally York: responsible Routledge, Taylor for sexual & Francis fences. Group The Hatch, legislation J.M & Northam, underpinning E. (200) Therapeutic Adolescents Treatment who sexually Orders abuse (TTO) ir in siblings: Victoria A refers study to family sexually factors abusive behaviour victim selection children (unpublished young doctoral people sis). 10 years Melbourne: less than School 1 years. Behavioural The terms Science, are University refore not Melbourne. intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Hughes, D.A (2003) Psychological Interventions for spectrum attachment disorders intrafamilial Much trauma. early work Attachment in this area defines Human Development, PSB pre pubescent (3), children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, Jenkins, [may include] A. (1990) a disparity Invitations age, to responsibility: level development rapeutic or size. engagement This definition men has subsequently who are violent been accepted abusive, as identifying Adelaide, South contextual Australia, Dulwich elements Centre SAB Publications exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Jenkins, Boyd, Alan. 2006; (1998) Longo Invitations & Prescott, to Responsibility: 2006). Engaging Adolescents Young Men Who Have Sexually Abused in Marshal, W.L et al Sourcebook Treatment Programs for Sexual Offenders, New York: The term Plenum problematic Press. sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age Jenkins, level development A. (2009) Becoming occurs Ethical: to a parallel, detriment political journey child s with or men young who person s have abused, engagement UK: in activities Russell House normal Publishing functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Longo, R.E. Prescott, does not D.S. include (Eds)(2006). sexual Current abuse Perspectives: ors. Working with Sexually Aggressive Youth Youth with Sexual Behavior Problems. Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press. The Longo, SABTS R. E., program (2003) Emerging uses language issues, which Policy externalises Changes, problem Future sexual behaviours treating Children or sexually with Sexual abusive behaviours Behavior Problems. from Annuals child/young New person. York Academy It is not about Science, avoiding 989, responsibility New for York: actions New rar York it recognizes Academy that Sciences. developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. Date It is equally ratified: February important 2010 to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings to be reviewed: February behaviour 2014 to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning family member. Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames 30 child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 29

30 Perry, B. (2001) The neurodevelopmental Impact Violence in Childhood in Schetky,D., Benedek, E. (Eds.) Textbook Child Adolescent Forensic psychiatry. Washington,DC.:American Psychiatric press. Pirs, WD., Gray, A., Busconi, A. Houchens, P. (1998) Caregivers children with sexual behavior problems: Psychological Familial Functioning. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol 22, No. 2, Prescott, D. S. (2007) Emerging issues: Moving beyond Relapse Prevention. Presentation at National Adolescent Perpetration Network Conference, Albuquerque. A note on language... The Quinton, terms V problem (1), Galligan, sexual R, behaviour (2) Hogan, (PSB) K (1) in & Redlich, relation to N (2) children (2010) under Towards 10 years an understing sexually abusive behaviour Children (SAB) Young for People children (10 young less than people 1 years) 10 years who exhibit less sexually than 17 abusive years are behaviour. used to The clearly distinguish introduction between Therapeutic se age Treatment groupings Orders in terms in Victoria. both A ir sis level submitted development in partial fulfilment criminal responsibility. requirements In state degree Victoria Master children Psychology from age (Clinical); 10 Gatehouse years are deemed Centre, to Royal be criminally responsible Children s Hospital for sexual (1) fences. Faculty Life Social Sciences Swinburne University Technology (2) The Rich legislation P. (2009) Understing underpinning Therapeutic using Attachment Treatment Theory Orders (TTO) a developmental in Victoria refers model to with Youths sexually who abusive have behaviour sexually abused children ors. A Workshop young people presentation 10 years for South less Eastern than 1 Centre years. Against The terms Sexual are refore Assault (SE not CASA), intended Victoria, Australia indicate subjective on 26 th October, evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Rich, P. (2006) Attachment sexual fending. Understing applying attachment ory to Much treatment early juvenile work in sexual this fenders. area defines West Sussex, PSB Engl: pre pubescent John Wiley children & Sons as Ltd. occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may Ryan, include] G. (2000) a Childhood disparity sexuality: age, level A decade development study or Part size. II This dissemination definition has subsequently future directions. been accepted Child Abuse as & identifying Neglect, Vol 24, contextual No. 1, elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Scott, Boyd, D. 2006; S. Swain Longo (2002). & Prescott, Confronting 2006). Cruelty: Historical Perspectives on Child Abuse. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press. The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature Van der irrespective Kolk, BA (2003) age The that neurobiology is both outside childhood that behaviour trauma accepted abuse. as normal Child Adolescent for ir age level psychiatry development Clin N Am.: 12: 293 occurs -317 to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive White, M. preoccupation Epston, D. (1990) with pornography Narrative Means that to isolates Therapeutic m from Ends. normal New York, social WW /or Norton learning & opportunities Company does not include sexual abuse ors. A Whittle, note on N., Bailey, approach... S., Kurtz, Z. (2006) The needs effective treatment young people who The sexually SABTS abuse: program current uses evidence. language London: which externalises Department problem Health sexual Health behaviours Care Partnerships or sexually abusive behaviours Directorate from Home child/young Office Youth person. Justice It is not Children about avoiding Team. Retrieved responsibility June 2008, for actions from rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 31 30

31 distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Appendix 1: Treatment Sexually Orders Abusive (TTO) Behaviour in Victoria Treatment refers to Programs sexually 2012 abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use Program/ Agency Address language. Phone Counselling Fax /website Australian Much early work 79 in Whitehorse this area defines Road, PSB 9874 pre 3922 pubescent 9874 children 3922 as occurring in [email protected] Childhood context absence Mitcham consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [email protected] Foundation [may include] (AChF) a disparity P O Box age, 2 level Ringwood development 3134 or size. This definition has subsequently been 0 accepted 1 y.o as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Ballarat less CASA than 1 years) 11A (Assessment Ascot Street Sth Treatment Ballarat 320 Sexual 3933 Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, ; 3817 Ryan, [email protected] , 1 Boyd, y.o 2006; Longo 330 & Prescott, 2006). PO Box 77 Ballarat Barwon The term CASA problematic 291 sexual La Trobe behaviour Tce Geelong has been broadly 222 adopted 4318 to describe behaviour a sexual [email protected] 0 nature 1 y.o irrespective 3220 age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age [email protected] level development PO Box occurs 24 Geelong to detriment 3220 child s or young person s engagement in Hume activities Region normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or 10 excessive 17 y.o preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse 940 ors [email protected] Children s Protection Society 70 Altona Street, Heidelberg West A note 17 y.o on approach... Gatehouse The SABTS Centre program uses Royal language Children s which Hospital, externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive [email protected] REFOCUS behaviours program from child/young Flemington Road, person. Parkville It is not about 934 avoiding 6800 responsibility for actions rar it 0 recognizes 1 y.o that developing 302 children are likely to internalize a label such (a/h) as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from Gippsl developing CASA self. 6 Many Victor children Street, Morwell young people 134 outgrow 3922 behaviour generally, 8094 after [email protected]: 4 rapeutic 1 y.o treatment, PO do Box not 1124 continue Morwell to sexually 3840 abuse Loddon Campaspe 48 Wattle St, Bendigo [email protected] CASA It is equally important PO to Box include 764 immediate Bendigo 32 extended family members in treatment to gain new 0 understings 1 y.o behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Male functioning Adolescent family member. Adolescent Exclusion, Forensic Health hostility 9389 a 4273 stance which continually blames Program child/young for person can Service, be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated Date ratified: February June Date to be reviewed: February June

32 responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. 33 Program/ Agency Address Phone Counselling Fax /website Positive Sexuality 900 Park Street, Parkville, 302 (MAPPS) Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in Mallee SAU Suite 1, [email protected] context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, 0 1 y.o Lime Avenue Mildura [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been 300 accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 PO Box 1373 Mildura 300 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, SECASA AWARE PenSAC, [email protected] 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006) y.o 374 Nepean Highway, Frankston The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] SECASA level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in 11 Chester Street, East activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or Bentleigh excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning PO Box 72 East Bentleigh 316 opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. South Western 299 Kororoit Street, CASA Warrnambool 0 A note 1 y.o on approach... South West Healthcare, The SABTS program uses Ryot language St. Warrnambool which externalises 3280 problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young (Postal) person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it Upper recognizes Murray that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part 38 Green Street, Wangaratta CASA ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from P O Box 438 Wangaratta developing y.o self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse [email protected] [email protected] A note on language... The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning family member. Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006) (hospital) The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. Wimmera CASA 9 Robinson Street Horsham 3400 c/- Wimmera Healthcare Group, Baillie Street Horsham 3400 The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. Date ratified: February 2010 Date to be reviewed: February 2014 It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning family member. Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 32

33 Appendix 2: Assessment Format The Assessment format reflects multi systemic/ ecological framework adopted by REFOCUS Program, Gatehouse Centre (Quinton, Kambouridis Whitehouse, 2010). The areas identified are included in all assessments advised screening tools psychological assessment tools to guide clinical judgment are proposed: Areas Assessment tools Risk furr PSB/SAB For adolescent males, ages 12-18, Estimate Risk Sexual fence Recidivism A note on language... (ERASOR). (Worling & Curwen, 2001) The Empirically terms problem derived sexual items. behaviour Intended as (PSB) a in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour Guide to clinical (SAB) formulation. children Not young people Juvenile 10 years Sex Offender less than Assessment 17 years protocol are used (J-SOAP- to clearly distinguish intended for between use as stalone se age groupings in terms II). Robert both Prentky, ir level Ph.D development Sue Wrighth, criminal PhD; responsibility. instruments. In state Victoria children 2003 from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The Juvenile Risk Assessment Tool (J-RAT) Initial Full Risk Assessment (J-RAT) Stetson School, The is designed legislation as a underpinning clinical guide Therapeutic for an initial Treatment Inc., 2007 Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive risk evaluation behaviour furr children sexual fence. young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar The IM-RAT to provide is designed a consistent to be used as language. Interim Modified Risk Assessment (IM-RAT) Stetson interim/ongoing evaluation risk for School, Inc., 2007 Much sexual re-fense, early work is in not this designed area defines or PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context intended to be used absence as an initial consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may assessment include] instrument. a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted Risk furr as identifying PSB/SAB contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 For less adolescent than 1 boys, years) ages (Assessment 8-13 Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). LA-SAAT should be used for initial Latency Age-Sexual Adjustment Assessment The assessment term problematic risk for sexual continued behaviour has been Tool broadly (LA-SAAT), adopted Stetson to School, describe Inc., behaviour 2007 a sexual nature problematic irrespective sexual behaviour. age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment The Latency Age-Interim child s or young Risk Assessment person s engagement Tool (LA- in activities LA-IRAT - general normal functioning. broad clinical This may include IRAT) behaviours Stetson School, such Inc., as excessive 2007 self stimulation or excessive evaluation preoccupation conducted periodically with pornography for that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities primary purpose does ongoing not include assessment sexual abuse ors. regarding sexual adjustment risk, as A well note as individual on approach... service planning. The Individual SABTS program characteristics uses language which externalises Behaviour problem Assessment sexual behaviours Checklist for sexually Children abusive behaviours communication from skills child/young person. It is not (BASC-II) about avoiding self report responsibility (8 years +) Cecil for actions R. Reynolds rar it recognizes attitudes/beliefs that developing children are likely to internalize Ry W. a label Kamphaus, such as 2004 sex fender as part ir trauma identity. A child does not have capacity Self report perspective Strengths to separate Difficulties behaviour from developing attachment self. style Many children young people Questionnaire outgrow (SDQ) behaviour R. Goodman, 1997 generally, after rapeutic skills problem treatment, solving, do not social continue to sexually Beck abuse. Youth Scales anxiety, depression, self mental health esteem, delinquency, anger It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 34 33

34 cognitive Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) personality Briere,1996 PSB/SAB Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children Antisocial behaviour (TSCYC ), John Briere, PhD. Children s Sexual Behaviour Inventory (CSBI ) W. Friedrich, 1993 (parent administration children 3 years to 12 years) Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) T. Millon et al, 1993 Or age appropriate empirically derived A note on language... assessments as indicated. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive Family assessment Structured interview behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly Family developmental history distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from Family age resources 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. Family stability Parental health physical, mental health The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Parental/family Orders (TTO) participation in Victoria refers cohesiveness to sexually abusive behaviour children young people Parenting 10 years approaches less than 1 skills years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations Parent report BASC-II significance or SDQ behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Family environmental factors School Interview Much early work in this area defines Relationships PSB pre pubescent with child children / young person as occurring /or in context absence consent; involve[ing] family use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development Current or size. interventions This definition to date has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements Current SAB supports exhibited for by child/ children young person adolescents (i.e. (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Aide, mentoring, Sexual Abuse school (ATSA) psychologist) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). Teacher Report BASC-II or SDQ Educational assessments including cognitive The term problematic sexual behaviour has been evidence broadly adopted learning to difficulties describe behaviour a sexual nature Peer relationships irrespective age that is both outside that Levels behaviour social accepted connection as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment Evidence child s pro social or young peers person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include Levels behaviours social such support as excessive from parents, self stimulation school, or excessive preoccupation with pornography that coaches... isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Neighbourhood does community not include sexual abuse Levels ors. connection to community Nature connection Support for connection from ors The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours Description from Key Assessment child/young Tools person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir A description identity. A child nature does not intention have capacity any tool used perspective should be to included separate in behaviour clinical report. from This developing provides a self. rationale Many for children purpose young intention people outgrow tool to behaviour inform readers generally, who may after not have rapeutic this information treatment, (i.e. do not case continue managers, to sexually courts,). abuse. The following information has been provided by REFOCUS Program, Gatehouse Centre (Quinton, Kambouridis Whitehouse, 2010). It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 3 34

35 Risk Assessment I General information about Risk Assessment Static Dynamic Risk Factors Historical behaviours experiences are static risk factors because y have previously occurred will remain unaltered over time (absent new information). Dynamic risk factors are those more associated with current behaviours, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, A note on interactions, language... relationships, which can change over time. Treatment is generally directed The terms towards problem dynamic sexual behaviour factors that (PSB) can in be relation re-assessed to children periodically, under 10 allowing years an adequate sexually abusive period behaviour time between (SAB) for assessments children in order young to people reasonably 10 years note change. less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Protective Factors In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible Protective factors for sexual represent fences. relationships, attitudes, beliefs, skills, or factors at play in life juvenile that may help mitigate level risk in any given domain, or overall level The risk. legislation Although risk underpinning assessment Therapeutic tools may not Treatment assess protective Orders (TTO) elements, in Victoria se refers should to be considered sexually abusive taken behaviour into account children by clinician young in evaluating people 10 risk. years In some less cases, than a low 1 or years. no level The terms concern are refore risk in any not individual intended risk to indicate element subjective or risk domain evaluations may also represent significance a protective factor. behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Significance Concern Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in The clinician s judgment is used to assess significance or severity each particular risk element. context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, In absence furr clarifying information, Unknown should be treated as a significant area [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been concern. accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, II Risk Assessment Tools 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). 1. Estimate Risk Sexual fence Recidivism (ERASOR). (Working & Curwen, 2001) The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature The ERASOR irrespective is an actuarial age that risk is assessment both outside designed that behaviour to assist accepted evaluators as normal to estimate for ir risk age a level sexual re-fence development ONLY for occurs individuals to aged detriment who have child s previously or young committed person s a engagement sexual assault. in activities Despite normal obvious functioning. appeal actuarial This may risk include assessment behaviours devices, such re as excessive are currently self stimulation no empirical or excessive data to support preoccupation predictive with validity pornography any that such isolates tool for m adolescent from normal sexual fenders. social /or Many learning opportunities factors used in The does ERASOR not include are included sexual because abuse some ors. agreement in pressional clinical opinion at least some research support based on The ERASOR Version 2.0 retrospective studies A with note adolescent on approach... /or adult sexual fenders. It is important to inform audience that overall The risk rating SABTS is program a clinical uses opinion language based which on externalises scoring guidelines problem outlined sexual behaviours in The ERASOR. or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Evaluators that should developing note that children ir estimates are likely to risk internalize sexual a label recidivism such as are sex time fender limited. as Most part ir retrospective identity. A child research does that not have has been capacity used to support perspective factors separate included in behaviour The ERASOR from is based developing on follow-up self. data Many children 3 years or less, young people no study outgrow used a mean behaviour follow-up period generally, beyond after 6 rapeutic years. Given treatment, this fact, do plus not continue rapid developmental to sexually abuse. changes(i.e., social, physical, familial, sexual, etc.) during adolescence, it will be important to note that any risk predictions are strictly time limited It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 36 3

36 should be repeated after eir a fixed time interval (such as 2 years) or following significant change in one or more risk categories. Note: Requires reading ERASOR Manual, Sexual Abuse: Family Education & Treatment (SAFE-T) Program, Thistletown Regional Centre, Ontario Ministry Children Youth Services, SAFE-T Program, 1 Panorama Crt., Toronto, M9V 4L8 Ontario Canada James R. Worling, [email protected]. 2. The Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) Robert Prentky, Ph.D. Sue Righth, Ph.D A note on language... The The terms J-SOAP problem is a checklist sexual whose behaviour purpose (PSB) is in to relation aid in to children systematic under review 10 years risk factors sexually that abusive have behaviour been identified (SAB) in for children pressional young literature people as being 10 years associated less with than sexual 17 years are criminal used fending. to clearly distinguish It is designed between to be used se with age boys groupings in age in terms range both 12 to ir 18 who level have development been adjudicated criminal for sexual responsibility. fences, as well In as non-adjudicated state Victoria youths children with from a history age sexually 10 years coercive are deemed behavior. to be criminally responsible Decisions about for sexual re-fence fences. risk should not be based exclusively on results from J-SOAP-II. J- SOAP-II should always be used as part a comprehensive risk assessment. Like any scale that is The intended legislation to assess underpinning risk, J-SOAP-II Therapeutic requires ongoing Treatment validation Orders (TTO) possible in Victoria revision refers as more to is sexually learned abusive about how behaviour J-SOAP-II works children about young how people best 10 to years assess less risk than youths 1 years. who The have terms sexually are refore fended. Because not intended revised to indicate J-SOAP subjective is a new scale evaluations it is just at significance beginning collecting behaviour predictive but validity rar to data provide on it, a provide consistent users use are not language. able to be provided with cut-f scores for categories risk at this point; this is all more reason why scores from J-SOAP-II should not be used in isolation when Much assessing early risk. work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, Note: [may include] free download a disparity from age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 3. A. less Initial than Full 1 Risk years) Assessment (Assessment (J-RAT) Stetson Treatment School, Sexual Inc., 2007 Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, Interim 2006; Modified Longo Risk & Prescott, Assessment 2006). (IM-RAT) Stetson School, Inc., 2007 (males aged years) The B. term Latency problematic Age-Sexual sexual Adjustment behaviour has Assessment been broadly Tool adopted (LA-SAAT), to describe Stetson behaviour School, Inc., a 2007 sexual nature irrespective The Latency Age-Interim age that is Risk both Assessment outside that Tool behaviour (LA-IRAT) accepted Stetson as School, normal Inc., for 2007 ir age level (boys development aged 8 13 years) occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in These activities instruments normal functioning. were designed This by may include Stetson behaviours School, such Inc., as excessive tools to self guide stimulation clinical or assessment excessive preoccupation risk furr with sexual pornography fences that by children isolates m young from people normal within social ir /or program. learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The J-RAT is designed for structured clinical assessment adolescent males, ages 12-18, who A have, note or on are approach... alleged to have, engaged in sexually abusive behaviour. It is not designed to be used for The younger SABTS children, program adults uses language or females. which The externalises J-RAT may also problem be used sexual to behaviours assess individuals or sexually reported abusive to behaviours have engaged from in sexually child/young inappropriate person. behaviour It is not about that avoiding may not responsibility be defined as for sexually actions rar abusive. it However, recognizes in that this developing case, J-RAT children will not are likely yield an to assessment internalize a label risk such for sexual as sex re-fence, fender due as part to absence ir identity. a history A child SAB. does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after The rapeutic J-RAT is treatment, a structured do clinical not continue tool used to sexually to assist abuse. trained clinicians in assessment risk for continued sexually abusive behaviour (recidivism). The J-RAT provides evaluating clinician with a It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 37 36

37 structured format for assessment risk, based upon factors frequently described in pressional literature as relevant to risk for sexual re-fence (recidivism) in juveniles. However, in many cases, re is little empirical evidence that any se factors are strongly related to sexual recidivism, debate exists about capacity a clinical assessment tool to accurately predict risk, especially in children adolescents. Neverless, J-RAT is a structured literature-guided (sometimes known as a structured, grounded, or anchored empirically-based) assessment instrument. The J-RAT is not a statistically based assessment instrument, nor does it have any psychometric properties. It is an organised method for clinical assessment risk for sexual re-fence based A on note pressional on language... literature. However, in conducting a clinical assessment risk re is little The doubt terms that problem a structured sexual behaviour literature-based (PSB) in relation assessment to children tool, such under as 10 years J-RAT, fers sexually a reasonable abusive behaviour approach to (SAB) assessment, for children fers young a people more valid 10 years reliable less than approach 17 years than are an used unstructured to clearly distinguish approach to between risk assessment se age (in groupings which no risk in terms assessment both tool ir is level used, development assessment is based criminal upon responsibility. unstructured judgment In state alone). Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The Latency Age-Interim Risk Assessment Tool (LA-IRAT) is a clinical instrument designed to re-assess The legislation possibility underpinning or potential for Therapeutic continued Treatment problematic Orders sexual (TTO) behaviour in Victoria in refers children to sexually young abusive adolescents behaviour who have children previously engaged young in people sexually 10 reactive years behaviour, less than including 1 years. behaviour The terms that are is refore sexually abusive not intended nature. to Most indicate typically, subjective re-assessment evaluations occurs when significance child is in, or behaviour completing, but rar treatment to provide for sexually a consistent behaviour use problems. language. The LA-IRAT is intended designed to be used in conjunction with as follow-up to Latency Age-Sexual Adjustment Assessment Tool (LA- Much SAAT), which early should work be in used this for area defines initial assessment PSB pre pubescent risk for continued children problematic as occurring sexual in context behaviour. The LA-SAAT absence is a consent; clinical involve[ing] instrument designed use to threat assess force extent or force; behaviours coercion, [may latency-age include] children a disparity (pre-pubescent) age, level who development have engaged or size. in sexually This definition reactive has behaviour. subsequently However, been accepted primary as identifying purpose contextual LA-SAAT is elements to assess SAB possibility exhibited (or by risk) children that sexually adolescents abusive (10 or sexually less inappropriate than 1 years) behaviour (Assessment will continue Treatment in future. Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The LA-IRAT assessment is a general broad clinical evaluation conducted periodically for The primary term purpose problematic ongoing sexual assessment behaviour has regarding been broadly sexual adopted adjustment to describe risk, behaviour as well as individual a sexual nature service irrespective planning. It is not age intended that is both for outside initial assessment, that behaviour accepted cannot be as used normal for that for ir purpose, age level instead development allows for periodic occurs (interim) to re-assessment. detriment The child s primary or young focus person s LA-IRAT engagement is in activities assessment normal dynamic functioning. risk factors This over may time, include or those behaviours risk factors such that as are excessive susceptible self stimulation to change or excessive thus targets preoccupation treatment, with also serving pornography as a measure that isolates progress m in from treatment. normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. III Broader Clinical Assessment The 4. The SABTS Behaviour program Assessment uses language System which for externalises Children II problem (BASC-II) sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it The Behaviour Assessment System for Children 2nd Edition (BASC-2) is a norm-referenced diagnostic recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part tool designed to assess behaviour self-perceptions children young adults ages 2 to 2 ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from years. The BASC-2 is a multidimensional multi-method tool since it measures numerous developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after behavioural personality characteristics through several report based measures. This includes rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. Parent report, teacher report Self report for children 8 years older. The BASC-2 is a behavioural assessment tool that can be used: It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 38 37

38 for treatment program planning, evaluation, intervention, to assist with differential diagnoses when used in conjunction with DSM-IV, to determine educational classification programming assistance eligibility, with or tools featuring overlapping norms for increased accuracy reliability, to assist in determining causes problem behaviour for children with disabilities, for forensic evaluation. Note: Administration scoring for TRS, PRS, SRP should be completed by pressionals or parapressionals that are familiar with testing procedures with appropriate supervision. As with or Level C instruments, score interpretation must be completed by pressionals with formal A note on language... graduate-level training or clinicians with training in psychological assessment. (reference: The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility.. The Strengths In state Difficulties Victoria Questionnaire children from (SDQ) Robert age Goodman, 10 years are 1997 deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The Strengths Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief behavioural screening questionnaire The that legislation asks about underpinning 2 attributes, Therapeutic some positive Treatment ors Orders negative. (TTO) The in Victoria 2 items refers are divided to between sexually abusive scales behaviour items children each, generalizing young scores people for 10 years conduct problems, less than hyperactivity, 1 years. The emotional terms are symptoms, refore not peer intended problems, to indicate pro-social subjective behaviour; evaluations all but last significance are summed to generate behaviour a total but difficulties rar to provide score. a Three consistent versions use exist: language. self-report for ages 11-17; parent or teacher form for ages 4-10; parent or teacher form for ages The self-report version is suitable for Much young people early aged work around in 11-16, this area depending defines on ir PSB level pre pubescent understing children literacy. as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may Several include] two-sided a disparity versions age, level SDQ are development available with or size. 2 This items definition strengths has subsequently difficulties been on accepted front as identifying page an contextual impact supplement elements on SAB back. exhibited These by extended children versions adolescents SDQ (10 ask wher less than 1 respondent years) (Assessment thinks young Treatment person has Sexual a problem, Abuse (ATSA) if so, Taskforce, enquire furr 2006; about Ryan, 2000, chronicity, Boyd, distress, 2006; Longo social & Prescott, impairment, 2006). burden to ors. This provides useful additional information for clinicians researchers with an interest in psychiatric cases determinants The service term problematic use (Goodman, sexual 1999). behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level The follow-up development versions occurs SDQ to include detriment not only 2 child s basic items or young person s impact engagement question, but in activities also two additional normal follow-up functioning. questions This may for include use after behaviours an intervention. such as Has excessive intervention self stimulation reduced or excessive problems? preoccupation Has intervention with pornography helped in or that ways, isolates e.g. m making from normal problems social more /or bearable? learning To opportunities increase chance does not detecting include change, sexual abuse follow-up ors. versions SDQ ask about ' last month', as opposed to ' last six months or this school year', which is reference period for stard versions. Follow-up versions also omit question about chronicity problems. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive Note: SDQ is a free download available in many languages can be accessed from behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from 6. Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). John Briere, (1996) developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after The rapeutic TSCC evaluates treatment, posttraumatic do not continue symptomatology sexually abuse. in children adolescents (ages 8 to 16, with normative adjustments for 17 year-olds), including effects child abuse (sexual, physical, It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 39 38

39 psychological) neglect, or interpersonal violence, witnessing trauma to ors, major accidents, disasters. The scale measures not only posttraumatic stress, but also or symptom clusters found in some traumatized children. The TSCC is a 4-item self-report instrument consisting two validity scales: namely Underresponse [UND] Hyper-response (HYP]) six clinical scales, namely Anxiety (ANX), Depression (DEP), Posttraumatic Stress (PTS), Sexual Concerns (SC), Dissociation (DIS), Anger (ANG). 7. Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC ), John Briere, PhD This test is based upon caregiver report evaluates acute chronic posttraumatic A note on language... symptomatology in children aged 3-12 years with a focus on Preschool Child. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly The TSCYC is first fully stardized normed broadb trauma measure for children as distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal young as 3 years age. The TSCYC contains eight Clinical scales: Anxiety, Depression, responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally Anger/Aggression, Posttraumatic Stress-Intrusion, Posttraumatic Stress-Avoidance, Posttraumatic responsible for sexual fences. Stress-Arousal, Dissociation, Sexual Concerns, as well as a summary posttraumatic stress scale (Posttraumatic Stress-Total). These scales provide a detailed evaluation posttraumatic stress, as The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually well as information on or symptoms found in many traumatized children. abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but Note: Administration scoring requires a four year degree with satisfactory completion rar to provide a consistent use language. coursework in Test Interpretation, Psychometrics Measurement Theory, Educational Statistics, or a closely related area. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context 8. Child Sexual Behavior absence Inventory consent; (CSBI) involve[ing] Friedrich, W. use 1993 threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted The CSBI is as used identifying to obtain a contextual caregiver s elements report a wide SAB exhibited range sexual by children behaviours adolescents for use in (10 evaluation less than children 1 years) (Assessment is intended for Treatment parents children Sexual Abuse from age (ATSA) 3 to Taskforce, approximately 2006; age Ryan, , who have Boyd, been 2006; sexually Longo abused & Prescott, or who 2006). are suspected having been sexually abused. The Child Sexual Behaviour Inventory is based on recognition fact that sexual abuse is The related term to problematic presence sexual precocious behaviour sexual has been behaviour broadly in adopted children to (Freidrich, describe behaviour 1997). The 38 a sexual items nature cover a irrespective variety domains, age that including is both boundary outside that problems, behaviour exhibitionism, accepted as gender-role normal for behaviour ir age (i.e. level interest in development acting like or being occurs a member to detriment opposite sex), child s self-stimulation, or young person s sexual engagement anxiety, sexual in activities interest, sexual normal intrusiveness, functioning. sexual This knowledge, may include behaviours voyeuristic such behaviour as excessive (Friedrich, self 1997). stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities 9. Millon Adolescent does Clinical not include Inventory sexual (MACI) abuse Author(s): ors. Theodore Millon, PhD, Dsc, with Carrie Millon, PhD, Roger Davis, PhD, Seth Grossman, PsyD., 1993 The A note MACI on is approach... a 160 item self-report inventory to assess personality styles, significant problems or concerns, The SABTS program clinical uses symptoms language in which adolescents. externalises Using problem a true/false sexual format, behaviours MACI or sexually surveys abusive a wide range behaviours personality from child/young characteristics person. clinical It is not symptoms about avoiding that tend responsibility to be a focus for actions in psychological rar it evaluations recognizes that teenagers developing who children eir are have likely or to are internalize suspected a label having such as emotional sex fender /or behavioural as part difficulties. ir identity. Its use A child is warranted does not where have pressionals capacity suspect perspective psychological to separate difficulties behaviour are affecting from a teenager s developing performance. self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. Multi-scale personality inventories such as MACI are designed to improve clinician s It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 40 39

40 range personality characteristics clinical symptoms that tend to be a focus in psychological evaluations teenagers who eir have or are suspected having emotional /or behavioural difficulties. Its use is warranted where pressionals suspect psychological difficulties are affecting a teenager s performance. Multi-scale personality inventories such as MACI are designed to improve clinician s understing an adolescent s personality clinical symptoms, but re are or reasons for using Date ratified: such instruments. February 2010 The MACI can be helpful in formulating diagnostic hyposes, confirming Date clinical to be diagnoses, reviewed: February formulating 2014 treatment plans, or making decisions about case management disposition planning. In addition, MACI can be used as an outcome measure to evaluate changes 40 in an adolescents functioning as a result treatment intervention. Note: Purchase administration test requires licensure to practice psychology independently, or a graduate degree in psychology or those trained in interpretation stardised tests (Pearson, 200; Millon, 1993) A note on language... The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning Date ratified: February family 2010 member. Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames Date child/young to be reviewed: person February can be 2014 counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 41 40