STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIOUR TREATMENT PROGRAMS

Transcription

1 STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR PROBLEM SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIOUR TREATMENT PROGRAMS STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR PROBLEM SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AND SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIOUR TREATMENT PROGRAMS Auspiced by ANZATSA Auspiced by ANZATSA Updated Version: June 2012 Updated Version: June 2012 Auspiced by ANZATSA

2 TERMS OF REFERENCE Background CEASE has developed out a need to provide Government with a point contact during discussions around development Therapeutic Treatment Orders legislative change towards this end. CEASE had its origins in Offender Program Manager s Meetings which commenced in These were attended by MAPPS, CPS, ACF, Berry Street Shepparton SECASA. Since original meetings Children, Youth Families Act 200 has been enacted has as it guiding principle when providing services to children ir families Best Interest Principles. These principles are adhered to by Problem Sexual Behaviours Sexually Abusive Behaviour Treatment Programs. CEASE is auspiced by ANZATSA. Terms Reference 1. To provide Government with a central contact point for matters in relation to problematic sexual behaviours sexually abusive behaviours. 2. Membership is open to all agencies working with children exhibiting problematic sexual behaviours young people with sexually abusive behaviours. 3. The Chair will be elected by a majority vote for two year terms in December meeting. 4. To share information knowledge in relation to current issues trends within field encourage collaborative practice communication.. To provide advice to Government on improvement services for children young people with problematic sexual behaviours sexually abusive behaviours. 6. To develop stards for service provision within field. 7. To provide leadership in field. 8. Promotion best practice in field. 9. To adhere to review annually Stards Practice.

3 CONTENTS A note on language A note on approach Aims Objectives Stards Practice 7 Aims 7 Objectives 7 Statement Principle 7 Program Goals 9 Program Principles 9 Therapeutic Treatment Orders 11 Children, Youth Families Act Therapeutic Treatment Orders 11 Classification Reports 11 Therapeutic Treatment Board 12 Intervention 12 Referral Pathways Procedures 13 Criteria for Referral 13 Referral Pathway 13 Information Exchange 13 Practitioner Requirements 1 Education Training 1 Minimum Stards for Practitioners 1 Risk Assessment 16 Risk continuing to engage in PSB/SAB 16 Timing Timelines 16 Risk to Child 16 Risk Assessment 16 Treatment 18 Guiding Principles Treatment Models 18 Children Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Intellectual Disability 18 Young People 10 1 years 19 Individual Work 19 Family Work 21 Group Work 22 Eco-systemic Interventions 23

4 Safe Placement 24 Safe Placement Guidelines 24 Basic Principles in relation to Removal Reunification 24 Statutory Considerations 2 Safety Factors 2 Responsibility Treatment Providers 26 Recommendations Separation Reunification 26 Table 1: Safe Placement Matrix 27 References 28 Appendix 1: Sexually Abusive Behaviour Treatment Programs Appendix 2: Assessment Format 32

5 A note on language... The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. A note on language... In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible The terms problem for sexual sexual fences. behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly The distinguish legislation between underpinning se age Therapeutic groupings in Treatment terms both Orders ir (TTO) level in Victoria development refers to criminal sexually responsibility. abusive behaviour In state children Victoria young children people from 10 years age 10 less years than are 1 deemed years. to The be terms criminally are responsible refore not for intended sexual fences. to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually Much abusive behaviour early work children in this area young defines people PSB 10 years pre pubescent less than children 1 years. as occurring The terms in are context refore not intended absence to indicate consent; subjective involve[ing] evaluations use threat significance force or force; behaviour coercion, but rar [may include] to provide a disparity a consistent age, use level language. development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Much less than early 1 years) work (Assessment in this area defines Treatment PSB Sexual pre pubescent Abuse (ATSA) children Taskforce, occurring 2006; in Ryan, 2000, context Boyd, 2006; absence Longo & Prescott, consent; 2006). involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been The accepted term problematic as identifying sexual contextual behaviour elements has been broadly SAB exhibited adopted to by describe children behaviour adolescents a sexual (10 nature less irrespective than 1 years) age (Assessment that is both outside Treatment that behaviour Sexual accepted Abuse (ATSA) as normal Taskforce, ir 2006; age Ryan, level 2000, Boyd, development 2006; Longo & occurs Prescott, to 2006). detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive The term problematic preoccupation sexual with behaviour pornography has been that isolates broadly adopted m from to describe normal social behaviour /or learning a sexual opportunities nature irrespective does age not that include is both outside sexual abuse that behaviour ors. accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part A ir note identity. on approach... A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from The developing SABTS program self. uses Many language children which externalises young people problem outgrow sexual behaviour behaviours or sexually generally, abusive after rapeutic behaviours from treatment, child/young do not continue person. to sexually It is not abuse. about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part It ir is equally identity. important A child to does include not have immediate capacity extended perspective family members to separate in treatment behaviour to gain from new understings developing self. Many behaviour children to promote young people acceptance outgrow child behaviour or young person generally, as a after fully functioning rapeutic treatment, family member. do not continue Exclusion, to sexually hostility abuse. a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: June 2012 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family June member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated

6 position within family. Such a position can leave child/young person with few options for socialization healthy family social relationships. The SABTS program has been developed with underpinning philosophy that first foremost clients are children young people who, due to ir age level development, are understood engaged within context ir families broader ecological systems with which y interact. This includes systems such as ir peer group, school community, communities in which y live associated community organisations y may belong to. The focus is, refore, upon drawing from all se areas to develop an understing PSB or A note SAB for on each language... individual family in terms dynamic relationships between identified strengths, The terms risks problem sexual needs both behaviour within (PSB) in across relation se to ecological children under domains. 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish The oretical between areas se age influence groupings that in have terms informed both ir level development development Therapeutic criminal responsibility. Treatment Model In in state Victoria Victoria include children Feminist from Child age Development 10 years are ories, deemed integrated to be criminally with responsible findings from for sexual neurobiological, fences. trauma, attachment post traumatic stress fields. The This legislation has reflected underpinning consistent Therapeutic findings in Treatment peer reviewed Orders (TTO) literature in Victoria that identified refers to common sexually sets abusive risk variables behaviour within children developmental young people histories 10 years se children less than 1 young years. people The terms that may are include refore disrupted not intended attachment to indicate patterns, subjective early persistent evaluations experiences significance trauma, early behaviour exposure but to sexually rar to explicit provide material, a consistent exposure use language. to family violence, impoverished under resourced sole parents neglect. A furr consistent finding however is that despite se findings re is no predictive Much set early variables work in this or typology area defines for PSB or PSB SAB pre as se pubescent variables children are also as occurring evident in histories context or absence same-aged consent; clinical involve[ing] populations (Chaffin, use Letourneau threat force & Silvosky, or force; 2002; coercion, Duane & Morrison, [may include] 2004; a disparity Elcovitch,Latzman,Hansen age, level development & Flood, 2009; or size. Creedon, This definition 2004; Perry, has subsequently 2001; Rich, 2006; been van accepted der Kolk, as identifying 2003). contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, Essentially, 2000, Boyd, re 2006; is Longo no one & Prescott, size fits all 2006). approach to treatment children young adolescents who exhibit PSB or SAB ir families. This work requires a broad based ecological approach to assessment The term problematic for each child sexual or behaviour young person has been family broadly adopted treatment to describe plan behaviour is n informed a sexual by this. nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in What activities we know normal is that functioning. families can This provide may a include protective behaviours environment such as excessive reduce risk. self They stimulation are or pivotal excessive to a preoccupation shared understing with pornography sexually that abusive isolates behaviours m from normal rapeutic social /or process. learning It is opportunities understood that does child not include /or young sexual person, abuse within ors. ir level developmental understing, is responsible for ir behaviours; however, not for social context in which y are A note performed. on approach... The child/young person subjected to abuse is never to blame for abuse. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 6 6

7 Aims Objectives Stards Practice Aims The Stards Practice present a minimum set requirements for services service goals to ensure equity access quality care for delivery services. The Stards define describe quality service provision. The Stards Practice Manual sets out stards that are benchmarks in providing quality service which act as guidelines for workers in organisations providing treatment for children young people with problem sexual behaviours sexually abusive behaviours. The Stards A note on language... recognise specific challenges facing rural remote services, which include recruitment The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive retention staff providing equitable timely access to treatment. The Stards include behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly minimum requirements for working collaboratively with statutory agencies or services. distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal Objectives responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. To provide an accountability mechanism to service users, Department Human Services, Department Justice, CEASE The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually To provide stards for service provision abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are To provide a framework for developing consistency quality across program refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to To provide provide a guidelines consistent for use service language. development To foster innovative creative practice Much To encourage early work communication in this area defines collaborative PSB practice pre pubescent with key children partners as including occurring Victoria in context Police Sexual absence Offences consent; Child involve[ing] Abuse Investigation use Teams threat (SOCIT), force Child or force; Protection coercion, Out [may include] Home a disparity Care providers age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted To as provide identifying leadership contextual in field elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less To than ensure 1 years) culturally (Assessment sensitive diverse Treatment services Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, To recognise 2006; Longo specific & Prescott, vulnerability 2006). children young people with PSB/SAB ir families The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual Statement nature irrespective Principle age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age The level Problem development Sexual Behaviours occurs to Sexually detriment Abusive Behaviour child s Treatment or young Program person s rely engagement on Best in Interest activities Principles normal outlined functioning. in This Children, may Youth include behaviours Families Act such 200 as excessive as its guiding self principle stimulation when or providing excessive services preoccupation to children with pornography ir families. that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. Division 2, Section 10: A note 1. The on best approach... interests child must always be paramount. The 2. SABTS When program determining uses language wher which a decision externalises or action problem is in sexual best interests behaviours or sexually child, abusive need behaviours to protect from child/young from person. harm, to It is protect not about his or avoiding her rights responsibility to promote for actions his rar or her it recognizes development that developing (taking children into account are likely his or to her internalize age a stage label such development) as sex fender must always as part be ir identity. considered. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from 3. developing In addition, self. consideration Many children must be young given people to outgrow following, where behaviour y are relevant generally, to after rapeutic decision treatment, or action do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 7 7

8 a. need to give widest possible protection assistance to parent child as fundamental group unit society to ensure that intervention into relationship is limited to that necessary to secure safety wellbeing child; b. need to strengn, preserve promote positive relationships between child child s parent, family members persons significant to child; c. need, in relation to an Aboriginal child, to protect promote his or her Aboriginal cultural spiritual identity development by, wherever possible, maintaining building ir connections to ir Aboriginal family community; d. child s views wishes, if y can be reasonably ascertained, y should be given such weight as is appropriate in circumstances; A note e. on effects language... cumulative patterns harm on a child s safety development; The f. terms problem desirability sexual continuity behaviour (PSB) stability in relation in to child s children care; under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour g. that (SAB) a child for children is only to be young removed people from 10 years care less his than or 17 her years parent used if re to clearly is an distinguish unacceptable between se risk age harm groupings to child; in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. h. if child In is state to be removed Victoria from children from care his age or her 10 parent, years are that deemed consideration to be criminally is to be responsible given for first sexual to fences. child being placed with an appropriate family member or or appropriate person significant to child before any or placement options is considered; The i. legislation desirability, underpinning when Therapeutic a child is Treatment removed from Orders (TTO) care in Victoria his or refers her parent, to sexually to plan abusive reunification behaviour children child with young his or people her parent; 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore j. not capacity intended each to indicate parent or subjective or adult evaluations relative or potential significance care giver to provide behaviour for but rar to child s provide needs a consistent any action use taken language. by parent to give effect to goals set out in case plan relating to child; Much k. access early arrangements work in this between area defines child PSB child s pre pubescent parents, siblings, children family as occurring members in context or persons absence significant consent; to involve[ing] child; use threat force or force; coercion, [may l. include] child s a disparity social, individual age, level development cultural identity or size. religious This definition faith (if has any) subsequently child s been accepted age, as maturity, identifying sex contextual sexual identity; elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 m. less where than a 1 child years) with (Assessment a particular cultural Treatment identity is Sexual placed Abuse in out (ATSA) home Taskforce, care with 2006; a care Ryan, giver 2000, Boyd, who 2006; is not Longo a member & Prescott, that 2006). cultural community, desirability child retaining a connection with ir culture; The n. term problematic desirability sexual behaviour child being has been supported broadly to adopted gain access to describe to appropriate behaviour educational a sexual nature services, irrespective health age services that is both outside accommodation that behaviour accepted to participate as normal in appropriate for ir age social level opportunities; development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities o. desirability normal functioning. allowing This may education, include training behaviours or employment such as excessive self child stimulation to continue or excessive without preoccupation interruption with or pornography disturbance; that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities p. possible does harmful not include effect delay sexual in making abuse ors. decision or taking action; q. desirability siblings being placed toger when y are placed in out home care; A note r. any on or approach... relevant consideration. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours Along with from Best child/young Interest Principles, person. It is program not about will avoiding be guided responsibility by Victorian for actions Charter rar it recognizes Human Rights that developing Responsibilities children Act are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from For Aboriginal developing self. Torres Many Strait children Isler young clients people ir outgrow families accessing behaviour services, generally, program after rapeutic model will be treatment, guided by do not Aboriginal continue Cultural to sexually Competence abuse. Framework to provide better outcomes for Aboriginal children ir families. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 8 8

9 Program Goals In preparing this section Stards Practice, acknowledgement is given to ideas drawn from New Street Ethos Statement developed by New Street Adolescent Service, Sydney West Area Health Service, NSW regarding that organization s underlying principles philosophies. Protection children. To assist children young people to: o Cease ir sexually abusive behaviours. A note o on Address language... harm caused by ir past behaviours. The terms o Develop problem safe, sexual respectful behaviour (PSB) responsible in relation ways to children behaving. under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour o Address (SAB) for harm children caused by young ir own people experiences 10 years abuse, less than if this 17 has years occurred. are used to clearly distinguish o Reduce between ir se vulnerability age groupings increase terms resilience. both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible To assist for families sexual fences. to: o Meet emotional physical developmental needs ir children. The legislation o Address underpinning harm caused Therapeutic to relationships Treatment resulting Orders from (TTO) sexual in Victoria or refers abusive to sexually abusive behaviour behaviours. children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore o To not promote intended to nurture indicate safe subjective respectful evaluations family practices. significance behaviour but rar o to provide To challenge a consistent secrecy use promote language. open communication within family healthy family relationships Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context To contribute absence to community consent; awareness involve[ing] issues use relating threat to sexual force abuse or force; promote coercion, [may include] community a disparity safety. age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less To contribute than 1 years) to (Assessment growth knowledge Treatment experience Sexual Abuse in addressing (ATSA) sexually Taskforce, abusive 2006; Ryan, 2000, behaviour Boyd, 2006; by Longo children & Prescott, young 2006). people. The Program term Principles problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level Safety development children occurs young to people detriment is paramount. child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive Children preoccupation sexually abused with pornography by children that young isolates people m experience from normal comparable social /or harm to learning those opportunities abused by adults. does not include sexual abuse ors. A note Children on approach... young people who have abused must be considered within context ir The SABTS age, program development, uses language family, education which externalises broader problem community. sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Sexual that Abuse developing is not children identity are likely children to internalize young a people label such who as sexually sex fender abuse. as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing All children self. Many young children people have young capacity people to outgrow develop healthy behaviour respectful generally, ways after rapeutic being treatment, not continue do not continue to engage to in sexually sexually abuse. abusive behaviour It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 9 9

10 Measures to treat a young person who has been sexually abusive should promote take into account ir wellbeing It is important that family/carers participate in all interventions to contribute to progress changes for ir child to ensure open communication improved family relating, where this is deemed to be in young person s best interests. Practitioners need to be clear inform young person parents/carers about ir responsibilities for PSB/SAB implications having a police charge record A note It on is imperative language... practitioners work to establish collaborative practices with all agencies The terms pressionals problem sexual involved behaviour with (PSB) family. in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 10 10

11 THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT ORDERS Children, Youth Families Act 200 The Children, Youth Families Act 200 (CYFA) recognises that a rapeutic intervention for children exhibiting sexually abusive behaviours is more appropriate than a criminal response. The CYFA makes provisions for reports to be made to Department Human Services regarding a child aged over 10 under 1 years who has exhibited sexually abusive behaviours who reporter reasonably believes is in need rapeutic treatment. These reports can be made by: A note on language... The terms Any problem member sexual behaviour community (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour Victoria (SAB) Police for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish The between Criminal Division se age groupings Children s in terms Court both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible The CYFA provides for sexual for fences. Secretary to investigate se reports, where necessary, apply to family division Children s Court for a rapeutic treatment order (TTO). Where a child needs The to be legislation placed out underpinning ir home Therapeutic to ensure Treatment ir attendance Orders (TTO) in participation Victoria refers in an to appropriate sexually abusive program, behaviour a rapeutic children treatment placement young people order 10 (TTPO) years can also less be than applied 1 for. years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar Therapeutic to provide Treatment a consistent Orders use language. A child may be placed on a Therapeutic Treatment Order (TTO) /or a Therapeutic Treatment Much Placement Order early (TTPO) work in if this Family area defines Division PSB Children s pre pubescent Court is children satisfied as that occurring child in has context exhibited sexually absence abusive behaviours consent; involve[ing] order is use necessary threat to ensure force or force; child s coercion, access to, or [may attendance include] at a an disparity appropriate age, rapeutic level development treatment or program. size. This The definition orders has remain subsequently for up to been 12 accepted months but as can identifying be extended contextual for a furr elements 12 months. SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, The Victoria Boyd, 2006; Police, Longo community & Prescott, or 2006). Criminal Division Children s Court may make a rapeutic treatment report to child protection. When eir Victoria Police or Criminal The Division term problematic Children s sexual Court behaviour makes has been report, broadly Child adopted Protection to describe must refer behaviour matter a to sexual nature Therapeutic irrespective Treatment age Board that for is both advice. outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities Classification normal reports functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Child protection determines does not include how a report sexual from abuse community ors. will be classified, depending on information provided by reporter. Where child protection receives a report regarding a child or young person in need rapeutic The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive treatment from a source or than police, child protection must notify police at point behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it intake in order for police to make an assessment need to commence a criminal recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part investigation. ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after Where a child/young person family have been referred to a rapeutic treatment service in a rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. voluntary capacity have failed to engage in rapy, rapeutic treatment service should make a child in need rapeutic treatment report to Child Protection. Child Protection should It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 11 11

12 classify report a Therapeutic Treatment Report (TTR) proceed with an assessment regarding suitability a TTO. This is because family child have not engaged in a rapeutic treatment service a TTO may be necessary to ensure child s access to, or attendance at an appropriate rapeutic treatment program. Child Protection has option to refer matter to Therapeutic Treatment Board for advice as to wher it is appropriate to seek a TTO in respect child/young person. Therapeutic Treatment Board The Act provides for establishment Therapeutic Treatment Board (TTB), made up 16 representatives A note on language... from: Victoria Police, Office Public Prosecutions, one or more health services Minister The terms considers problem sexual appropriate behaviour (PSB) in Department relation to children Human under Services. 10 years Members sexually abusive behaviour Therapeutic (SAB) Treatment for children Board are appointed young people by 10 Governor years in less Council. than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. The role In Board state is twold. Victoria First children to evaluate from age advise 10 years Minister are deemed for Community to be criminally Services responsible on services available for sexual for fences. treatment children in need rapeutic treatment second, to provide advice to Child Protection regarding suitability a TTO for a child aged between ten 14 The years. legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are Intervention refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but Following rar to provide child protection s a consistent use investigation language. ( referral to TTB where required) a decision regarding appropriate intervention with child must be made. The options for intervention are: Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, TTO is appropriate an application to Family Division Children s Court for a TTO [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been is made. Where re are concerns regarding appropriateness child/young person accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 remaining with ir family a TTPO may also be applied for. less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, A TTO 2006; is not Longo appropriate & Prescott, 2006). child/young person family will be referred to rapeutic treatment service provider for voluntary access to treatment. Child Protection The term will problematic negotiate with sexual behaviour family has service been provider broadly adopted about to length describe behaviour time y will a remain sexual nature irrespective involved prior to age closure that is by both Child outside Protection that behaviour to ensure accepted engagement as normal child/young for ir age person level development family. A case closure occurs meeting to detriment with family child s services or young is required. person s engagement in activities Where normal a family functioning. is initially This ambivalent may include but Child behaviours Protection such assesses as excessive that with self stimulation some support or excessive preoccupation time family with may pornography be able to ensure that isolates ir child/young m from person normal receives social /or any treatment learning opportunities y require does without not include need sexual a TTO, abuse Child Protection ors. can work with family for up to 90 days from report without applying for a TTO. The SABTS The program assessment uses determined language which that externalises no rapeutic problem treatment sexual is behaviours required or eir sexually due abusive to behaviours reported from sexually child/young abusive person. behaviours It is not not being about confirmed avoiding responsibility or child or for young actions person rar it recognizes ir that family developing requiring children or supports are likely but to not internalize rapeutic a label treatment such as sex fender as part ir identity. The assessment A child does determined not have that capacity child/young perspective person is at to risk separate harm behaviour a Protection from developing Application self. to Many ensure children child s/young person s people safety outgrow is considered. behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 12 12

13 REFERRAL PATHWAYS AND PROCEDURES Criteria for Referral Sexually Abusive Behaviours Treatment Services (SABTS) are funded state-wide in Victoria. Each agency is funded to provide services to children young people in a geographical location. Contact details for se services, including locations, are contained on page 31. Children young people referred for treatment to address problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours must meet following criteria: A note The on child/young language... person has displayed problem sexual behaviours or engaged in sexually The terms abusive problem behaviours; sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour The (SAB) child/young for children person resides young within people 10 region years serviced less by than 17 SABTS years agency are used or to specialist clearly distinguish rapeutic between provider se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. The child/young In state person Victoria is aged children between from 0-18 age years, 10 unless years are referring deemed to to MAPPS be criminally where responsible referrals for sexual are received fences. for young people aged years. The child needs to be assessed to determine if y are at risk abuse or at immediate The legislation serious risk underpinning furr SAB. Therapeutic If so, a report Treatment to child Orders protection (TTO) in should Victoria be made. refers to sexually abusive If behaviour sexually abusive children behaviours young constitute people 10 a criminal years fence, less than a report 1 years. to Police The is terms required. are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar Referral to Pathways provide a consistent use language. Individual agencies receive referrals from families, Child Protection, Police, schools or Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in community organisations. All referrals to MAPPS are received from Youth Justice. The family context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, child/young person being referred for treatment must consent to referral, unless a Youth Justice [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been Order, or a Therapeutic Treatment Order or a Therapeutic Treatment Placement Order has been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 made which compels young person to attend treatment. less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). In majority cases, young people years found guilty by court committing a sexual fence placed on a Youth Justice Order are referred to MAPPS at Adolescent Forensic The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual Health Service, Royal Children s Hospital. MAPPS is primary provider treatment for young nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age people subject to a Youth Justice Order who have committed sexual fences. However, re may level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in be times where it is appropriate for or SABTS agencies to provide treatment for such young activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or people. excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Information Exchange does not include sexual abuse ors. It is generally agreed that an ecological approach to sexually abusive behaviour treatment is in child/young person s best interests. Sharing information between service providers can be important The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive in ensuring that treatment needs are being met. It is critical that children/young people ir behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it family are informed about ir rights to confidentiality informed consent is obtained prior to recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part exchanging information. ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 13 13

14 Information is generally exchanged in following ways: secondary consultation for non-statutory service providers, such as out home care agencies, education staff, Family Services practitioners, or pressionals working with child/young person; case care meetings: referral to or agencies, including SABTS agencies: reports to Police, Department Human Services, Department Justice or statutory agencies as required: Written quarterly progress reports (including reports for those on TTOs) from SABT Services A note on language... to child protection if child is a client department. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 14 14

15 PRACTITIONER REQUIREMENTS Education Training Practitioners providing treatment for young people who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviours need to be trained, resourced supervised regularly to maintain pressional stards. In consultation with a nominated University, Victorian Offender Treatment Association (VOTA) Australian New Zeal Association for Treatment Sexual Abuse (ANZATSA), CEASE will work towards development, a Graduate Diploma for workers in sexually abusive behaviours, problem sexual behaviours sexual assault family violence field. CEASE provide a leadership role in providing training education to broader community in this A note on language... area. The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly Minimum Stards for Practitioners distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Practitioners are In required state to: Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible Be currently for sexual working fences. in a pressional counselling capacity The legislation Be qualified underpinning as a social Therapeutic worker, psychologist Treatment or Orders or relevant (TTO) in pressional Victoria refers to sexually abusive Practice behaviour in accordance children with young Code people Conduct 10 years Ethics less than both 1 ir years. own The pression terms are refore not Australian intended to New indicate Zeal subjective Association evaluations for Treatment significance Sexual Abuse behaviour (ANZATSA) but rar to provide a consistent use language. Have extensive experience working rapeutically with children, young people ir Much families. early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context Have a minimum absence consent; fortnightly involve[ing] supervision with use a threat supervisor force experienced or force; in coercion, area [may include] working a disparity with children age, level young development people with PSB/SAB or size. This families. definition has subsequently been accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 Have a minimum days per year for full time employees pressional development less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, about problem sexual behaviour sexually abusive behaviours family work. Part time 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). employees should receive a pro rata pressional development entitlement. The term Have problematic experience sexual in understing behaviour has been impact broadly PSB/SAB adopted on to describe family behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age Use an ecological approach to counselling level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully functioning Date to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 1 1

16 RISK ASSESSMENT Key Issues to Consider in Preparing a Risk Assessment Risk continuing to engage in problem sexual behaviours/sexually abusive behaviours Risk can be broadly understood in terms key issues: Are re any factors in child/young person s life that may prevent young person from ceasing behaviour Will child/young person engage in this behaviour again? A note on language... If so when with whom? The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviour What (SAB) are for children emerging patterns young people behaviour? 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal Where do y sit on continuum behaviours (severity)? responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible What for are sexual risks? fences. Why is young person exhibiting behaviour? The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive Important behaviour to look children at context for young both people children 10 years young people less than 1 years. The terms are refore What not was intended happening to indicate child s/young subjective person s evaluations history? significance behaviour but rar to provide a consistent use language. Length time behaviour was occurring? Much What are early work triggers in this to area behaviour? defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, Timing [may include] Timeliness a disparity Report age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been It accepted is important as identifying that assessments contextual are conducted elements in a timely SAB exhibited manner by children a caution placed adolescents on reports (10 that less assessments than 1 years) may no (Assessment longer be applicable Treatment beyond six Sexual months Abuse or if (ATSA) major changes Taskforce, have 2006; occurred Ryan, in 2000, child/young Boyd, 2006; person s Longo life. & Prescott, 2006). Risk The term to problematic Child sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level Is development child/young person occurs exposed to to detriment environmental factors child s or such young as drug person s abuse, engagement domestic or in activities family normal violence, functioning. /or emotional This may abuse? include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive Has preoccupation child/young person with pornography been sexually that abused? isolates Is m from child/young normal person social /or having learning ongoing opportunities contact with does abuser? not include A report sexual may need abuse to be ors. made to DHS Child Protection under Children, Youth Families Act (200) Best Interest Principles. Danger disconnection from family as a result being out home. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours Risk Assessment from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Risk assessment that developing should recommend children are likely least to intrusive internalize option a label to such bring as about sex fender change. as It part should ir include identity. any key A elements child does treatment not have that capacity need to be included perspective in any to rapeutic separate intervention. behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic Risk assessment treatment, documents not need continue to identify to sexually abuse. dynamic nature engaging in sexually abusive behaviours. Risk in re-engaging in sexually abusive behaviours will increase decrease according It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 16 16

17 to absence or presence a range factors circumstances. For example, where a particular stressor is present in young person s environment, risk may increase, whereas risk may decrease when that stressor is mitigated by access to specific support people supervision. Assessments should emphasise that: Adolescent sexually abusive behaviour adult fending are not same Adolescent sexually abusive behaviours are generally motivated by different factors cannot be categorized as one homogenous group A note The on field language... is developing an increased understing different client groups behaviour such as: The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive o Sexually reactive behaviour as a result sexual abuse behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly o Non sexually reactive behaviour No history sexual victimization. Behaviour distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal occurs in context or family/environmental sociological factors including responsibility. In state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally gendered, cultural, structural social factors. responsible for sexual fences. o Behaviour which is anxiety driven, poor coping social skills, ADHD, impulsive behaviour, developmental /or intellectual disabilities. The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually o Anti social Sexually Abusive Behaviours. It is unclear how dominant se issues are. abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are High risk non-sexual criminal type behaviour patterns emerging. refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but o Sexually Abusive Behaviours as mechanism for coping with poor family circumstances. rar to provide a consistent use language. o Sexually Abusive Behaviours as comfort or curiosity about sex. Appendix 1 provides useful information to assist practitioners when making an assessment. Please Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in note information contained rein is intended to be used as a guide only. Pressional context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, judgement should guide practitioners use recommended assessment measures suggested [may include] a disparity age, level development or size. This definition has subsequently been assessment format. It is not intended that all measures be used in every assessment, or that accepted as identifying contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 assessment format necessarily be followed precisely. less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, 2006; Longo & Prescott, 2006). The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level development occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities does not include sexual abuse ors. The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic treatment, do not continue to sexually abuse. It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 17 17

18 TREATMENT Guiding Principles Treatment Models Treatment goals for se groups vary although re are commonalities in treatment. A review literature indicates that re are four essential components treatment models: Community safety Preventing furr harm Addressing harm caused Promoting well-being A note on language... Work with children young people with problem sexual behaviours sexually abusive The terms problem sexual behaviour (PSB) in relation to children under 10 years sexually abusive behaviours, ir family, incorporates Four Pillars Trauma-Sensitivity (Sanctuary Model): behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish Safety between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. Emotion In management state Victoria children from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible Loss for sexual fences. Future The legislation underpinning Therapeutic Treatment Orders (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive A combination behaviour following children treatment young modalities people 10 is years essential: less than 1 years. The terms are refore Individual not intended work to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to Family provide work a consistent use language. Eco-systemic interventions Much Group early Work work an option in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in context Treatment models absence need to consent; be flexible involve[ing] enough to accommodate use threat force developmental or force; coercion, needs all [may children include] young a disparity people, age, ir level families. development This may or include size. This children definition with has learning subsequently language been accepted difficulties, as developmental identifying delays contextual varying elements levels SAB intellectual exhibited ability. by children adolescents (10 Family less members than 1 or years) carers (Assessment need to be included Treatment in treatment Sexual for good Abuse outcomes. (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, The treatment Boyd, 2006; models Longo target & Prescott, both 2006). voluntary mated clients on a Therapeutic Treatment Order or or child protection order. The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature Children irrespective Young People age that with is both Autism outside Spectrum that behaviour Disorder or accepted Intellectual as normal Disability for ir age level Bonner development Berliner provided occurs two to group detriment treatment approaches child s for or children young person s aged 6 engagement 12 with sexual in activities behaviour problems. normal functioning. Both CBT This dynamic may include play behaviours rapy were such found as excessive to be effective self stimulation in reducing or excessive children s preoccupation inappropriate or with aggressive pornography sexual that behaviour. isolates Neir m from treatment normal approach social /or was found learning to opportunities be significantly more does effective not include than sexual or. abuse At ors. two year follow up approximately equal numbers children in each group CBT 1% DPT 17% had an additional report sexual A behaviour note on problems. approach... A 10 year follow up study found rate sex abuse perpetration reports The among SABTS former program children uses with language sexual which behaviour externalises problems problem who received sexual behaviours brief focused or sexually treatment abusive was behaviours no different from that child/young found among person. general It is outpatient not about clinic avoiding children responsibility with ADHD for (2 actions 3%) rar (Chaffin it recognizes 2008). that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from Children developing young self. people Many with children a disability young tend people to be overrepresented outgrow behaviour amongst those generally, referred after for rapeutic treatment. treatment, Ayl do West not continue (2006) developed to sexually The abuse. Good Way model, a strengths-based program using a Narrative Therapy approach. This approach is particularly relevant for children young It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 18 18

19 people with a disability as clients readily come to appreciate ir strengths good qualities begin to step away from ir own negative labels in so doing begin to accept responsibility for choice over which side would have greatest influence over ir behaviour. An evaluation model noted model is successful in facilitating engagement, disclosure learning about programme concepts. Young People 10 1 years Adolescents are generally harder to engage in counselling than or age groups. Greenwald (2009) notes that young people with problem behaviours are notoriously difficult to help that A treatment note on ten language... fails to lead to client change. The presence neglect, abuse or abonment in The childhood terms problem as well sexual as difficulties behaviour in (PSB) developing in relation close to children stable relationships, under 10 years leading sexually to social abusive behaviour emotional isolation (SAB) for are children variables that young appear people to be 10 correlated years with less sexually than 17 abusive years are behaviour. used to clearly distinguish between se age groupings in terms both ir level development criminal responsibility. The trauma In attachment state treatment Victoria children approach from assumes age that 10 individuals years are have deemed a universal to be criminally need for responsible safety, attention, for sexual acceptance, fences. nurturance care. Theorists argue that process for meeting se needs is sometimes via abusive behaviour. They argue re are similarities between anxiety The arousal legislation sexual underpinning arousal from Therapeutic a learning Treatment limbic Orders system (TTO) perspective in Victoria refers se to can lead sexually to an abusive overlap behaviour sexual children attachment young behavioural people systems. 10 years (Crittenden less than p 40) years. (Marshall The terms 1989). are refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar The focus to provide treatment a consistent (Crittenden, use language p 208) is on addressing impact trauma attachment issues on behaviour relationships. This includes garing information on subtle or Much internalised cognitions early work in behaviours this area defines that were PSB consequence pre pubescent children child s trauma as occurring experience. in context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may A phase-oriented include] a disparity treatment age, approach level which development includes or a size. shift This focus definition over has time subsequently based on client been accepted needs, support as identifying tolerance, control contextual motivation elements is SAB used. exhibited (p209) Theorists by children argue adolescents fundamental (10 goal less in treating than 1 years) abusive (Assessment behaviour should Treatment not be defined Sexual merely Abuse (ATSA) as Taskforce, absence 2006; abuse Ryan, in 2000, relationships Boyd, 2006; but as Longo & increased Prescott, capacity 2006). to engage maintain stable, mutual intimate relationships with ors. The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature Patterson, irrespective DeBaryshe age & that Ramsey is both (1989) outside Reid, that Patterson behaviour accepted Snyder as (2002), normal have for ir developed age a level dynamic development developmental model occurs for to antisocial detriment behaviour. The child s reinforcement or young person s for coercive engagement behaviour in activities model describes normal an at-risk functioning. child who This is may reinforced include in behaviours family environment such as excessive for acting-out self stimulation behaviour or excessive who learns preoccupation to favour with this pornography behaviour as that a way isolates managing m from impulses normal social frustrations /or learning to opportunities exclusion pro-social does alternatives. not include sexual abuse ors. Alan Jenkins (1990, 1998, 2009) has developed an invitational model engagement intervention to assist young people who have sexually abused to make choices that will lead m towards responsibility respect self ors. The model invites young people to be The SABTS program uses language which externalises problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive accountable for ir actions to promote fairness, respect an ethical stance. behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes that developing children are likely to internalize a label such as sex fender as part Individual Work ir identity. A child does not have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from Treatment developing models self. will Many include children individual work young with: people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic The child/young treatment, do person not continue who has to engaged sexually in abuse. behaviours It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new Date understings ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 19 19

20 Their parent(s)/carer(s) Their siblings (including siblings y abused) Or significant people from extended family, Out--Home Care or community. Victims sibling sexual abuse ir family members should also be routinely referred for treatment. Their involvement in rapy is crucial to recovery family unit from abuse, ensures that victims experience remains a central part treatment. Non-sibling victims ir families should be supported advised treatment options. When victims A note on children language... engaging in PSB/SAB are members same extended family or close friends, it The may terms be important problem sexual to allow behaviour separate (PSB) treatment in relation components to children under to work 10 closely years toger. sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) for children young people 10 years less than 17 years are used to clearly distinguish Individual treatment between se for children age groupings young in terms people both who ir have level engaged development in problematic or criminal sexually responsibility. abusive behaviours In may state include Victoria following children mes: from age 10 years are deemed to be criminally responsible for sexual fences. Rights responsibilities (legal, social, familial) The legislation Impacts underpinning problem sexual Therapeutic behaviours Treatment (on self Orders ors) (TTO) in Victoria refers to sexually abusive behaviour children young people 10 years less than 1 years. The terms are Victim experiences, including Trauma Loss refore not intended to indicate subjective evaluations significance behaviour but rar to Identifying provide a triggers consistent use language. Developing emotional intelligence empathy (understing one s own feelings, as well as Much early work in this area defines PSB pre pubescent children as occurring in those ors) context absence consent; involve[ing] use threat force or force; coercion, [may include] Strengths a disparity based work age, developing level development social skills, self or esteem, size. This confidence, definition communication has subsequently been accepted Support as identifying networks contextual elements SAB exhibited by children adolescents (10 less than 1 years) (Assessment Treatment Sexual Abuse (ATSA) Taskforce, 2006; Ryan, 2000, Boyd, Emotional 2006; Longo behavioural & Prescott, management/regulation 2006). Managing unsafe behaviours/creating safety The term problematic sexual behaviour has been broadly adopted to describe behaviour a sexual nature irrespective Shame disadvantage age that is both outside that behaviour accepted as normal for ir age level Healthy development sexuality occurs to detriment child s or young person s engagement in activities normal functioning. This may include behaviours such as excessive self stimulation or excessive Gender/stereotypes/masculinity preoccupation with pornography that isolates m from normal social /or learning opportunities Or bullying does behaviour not include violence sexual abuse ors. Individual treatment for parents carers may include following mes The SABTS Legal program consequences uses language behaviour which externalises for child problem sexual behaviours or sexually abusive behaviours from child/young person. It is not about avoiding responsibility for actions rar it recognizes Managing that developing unsafe behaviours/creating children are likely safety to internalize a label such as sex fender as part ir identity. Providing A appropriate child does not supervision have capacity perspective to separate behaviour from developing self. Many children young people outgrow behaviour generally, after rapeutic Rights treatment, responsibilities do not continue (legal, to social, sexually familial) abuse. Parenting a child with emotional or behavioural difficulties It is equally important to include immediate extended family members in treatment to gain new understings Date ratified: February 2010 behaviour to promote acceptance child or young person as a fully Date functioning to be reviewed: family February member Exclusion, hostility a stance which continually blames child/young person can be counterproductive push that child/young person to an isolated 20 20