National Carriers - Advantages and Disadvantages
|
|
- Erika Shepherd
- 3 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Kaetzer Mastin 1 The National Market for Cellular Phone Service Tim Kaetzer and Dana Mastin Econ 200 Fall 2004 The national cellular market is undoubtedly one of the nation s most expansive markets. In 2003, wireless revenues totaled to over $100 Billion; nearly one percent of the United States GDP. Since wireless has emerged, the typical buyer has expanded from the average middle/upper-class adult to teenagers, elderly, and business consumers. 20% of American teenagers own cell phones, explaining why Virgin Mobile was founded to specifically target young consumers 1. There is certainly a large market for business consumers, as many carriers advertise business solutions even in retail outlets. Altogether, it s estimated that 50% of Americans own cell phones, yielding a consumer base of approximately 147 Million customers 2. Although there are over 300 registered national wireless firms, there are only a select few that compete in the entire national market 3. The industry s largest corporation is Verizon Wireless with a 2003 annual revenue of $22.5 Billion and a base of 40.4 Million customers. Sprint PCS, T-Mobile, and Nextel also have growing nationwide networks. Many competitors, although well known, only have coverage areas in sections of the United States. Alltel, for example, only offers service in the south and midwest. Until recently, Cingular had coverage areas in only the southeast and western parts of the United States. Its recent merge with AT&T wireless, though, will expanded its network to what some speculate will become the largest nationwide network. Since we are considering the market for national cellular service, we will consider only the ones with complete nationwide service: Verizon Wireless, Sprint PCS, T- 1 Brome 2 Brian and Tyson 3 Wireless Advisor
2 Kaetzer Mastin 2 Mobile, Nextel, and Cingular/AT&T. Figure A shows a distribution of revenue among these five corporations in Figure A 2003 Revenue Distribution Corporation Revenue Revenue (Billions of dollars) Share Verizon % Sprint % Cingular % Nextel % T-Mobile % Total 69.8 Nextel 15% Cingular 22% T-Mobile 12% Sprint 18% Verizon 33% General Market Structure: The product distribution structure for cell phone carriers is somewhat atypical. It is important to note that the individual carriers have no contribution in the manufacturing of phones. All carriers have contracts with manufacturing firms that produce phones to primarily operate only on each of their respective networks. Motorola and Sony Erickson are major manufacturers for Verizon Wireless, while Samsung and Sanyo are two of Sprint PCS s manufacturers. Interestingly, it is common for manufactures to produce phones for more than one competing carrier. Verizon Wireless, Sprint PCS, and T-Mobile sell Samsung made phones often which are essentially the same models. This introduces an interesting principle regarding patents. It is difficult for a carrier to develop or hold a patent on a phone related feature such as an implemented camera feature or voice command technology because the property rights reside with the actual manufacturing companies. If a carrier wanted to be the only competitor to offer a specific phone feature, it would have to negotiate an agreement with the manufacturer. This sometimes happens for new features, though in general, this trend with carriers and manufacturers makes it difficult for firms to develop a highly differentiated product.
3 Kaetzer Mastin 3 The retail process for cell phones is also quite unique. Practically all cell phone carriers make sales through their own retail stores as well as through third party retailers such as Best Buy and Radio Shack. The firms use of third party distributors is critical for their revenue because cellular is a relatively new large market only about a decade and half old while general electronics is well established. Verizon Wireless, for example, has only approximately 1200 stores and kiosks nationwide 4. Yet, their agreement with the Radio Shack Corporation expands their outlets to 7,000 more stores nationwide 5. This generally makes Verizon s marginal costs higher, rather than their fixed costs. As Verizon grows and builds more outlets, though, they will increase their fixed costs to effectively reduce their marginal costs. Accordingly, as Verizon seeks increasing sales as well as increasing economies of scale, they will generate more output from proprietary retail stores and less from third party distributors. The same holds true for practically all other carriers and their associated retailers. The national wireless carrier industry can be best understood as an oligopoly. This is first true because only a few major firms compete at a national level. A new aspiring cellular company would have many obstacles hindering entry to the market such as spectrum property rights, extensive network construction costs, manufacturing contracts, and retail/advertising methods. Obtaining frequency spectrum rights is extremely costly. In 1993, the FCC implemented a distribution model of auctioning frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum. Winning prices are often in the billion dollar range; The Congressional Budge Office estimates that income from spectrum auctions in will total to about $24 Billion 6. Spectrum rights alone greatly expand costs, and combined with other costs constitute a high minimum efficient scale. This explains why there are relatively few firms in the cell phone market. 4 Verizon Wireless 5 Radio Shack 6 Taylor
4 Kaetzer Mastin 4 The cellular service market is also understood as an oligopoly because the industry exemplifies a product/service with little product differentiation. Most consumers purchase a cell phone for the fundamental use of correspondence away from home, which all firms products offer. There is some variety with add-on services that different firms offer as well as service integrity in various areas. With add on services, firms don t have a particular service for long before other firms follow with comparable and competing services. Sprint PCS was the first corporation to introduce picture messaging, but Verizon and T-Mobile quickly followed. Similar trends also occurred with wireless internet, , and ring tone purchasing. Thus, add-on services don t necessarily differentiate products for a long period of time. As for coverage integrity, all national carriers offer adequate reception in centralized cities. In some rural areas, though, it is often possible that only one or two carriers offer sufficient reception. Still, firms have become very competitive and strategic with network strengths, especially firms with national coverage. Although there are in fact short periods of time or areas where the national cellular market may appear as a monopolistic competition, long run considerations indicate that market is most like an oligopoly. Price Behavior: The vast majority of cellular phone sales are based on 2-year and sometimes 1-year agreements. In general, customers choose a plan that gives them their desired amount of minutes per month and sign a contract for the plan often with about a $ 35 activation fee. Carriers bill their customers every month for their selected monthly price. If a customer decides to break their contract (to change carriers, for example) they are obligated to pay an early termination fee. These are often in the $150 dollar range, making it difficult for the customer to leave the carrier.
5 Kaetzer Mastin 5 If the consumers exceed their allotted minutes for any given month they are charged extra minute fees which tend to be approximately 7 times greater than the plan price per minute. A customer is roaming if they happen to travel to an area where their carrier doesn t provide coverage. If a customer makes a phone call while roaming, they often pay extra because they are using a tower and network owned by a carrier other than their contracted service provider. Firms in the industry negotiate these prices according to deals with other firms; Verizon has a set roaming fee of $0.69 while T-Mobile has a roaming fee that varies with location. Nextel and Cingular advertise no roaming charges on their plans, and Sprint and Verizon offer upgraded plans with no roaming charges. Table 1 shows a comparison of carrier price plans closest to 1200 minutes a month. Table 1 Plans Closest to 1200 Minutes Minutes Monthly Price Price per Minute Carrier Plan Name T-Mobile Get More Plus 1000 $ $ $ $ 0.40 (varies) $ Yes Yes Nextel National Power 1200 $ $ $ $ 0.40 (none) $ Yes Yes Sprint PCS Free and Clear 1100 $ $ $ $ 0.40 $ 0.50 $ No Yes Cingular Nation $ $ $ $ 0.30 (none) (varies) Yes Yes Verizon America's Choice 1200 $ $ $ $ 0.35 $ 0.69 $ Yes Yes Activation Fee Extra Minute Charge Roaming Charge (per minute) Early Termination Fee Free intra- carrier calling Free Nights and Weekends Price Discrimination: Average: $ $ $ 0.37 $ 0.60 $ Cellular providers all display a lucid trend of price discrimination with their plans. Most firms offer monthly plans that typically range from 400 minutes to 2000 minutes, with increasing prices according to how many minutes are purchased per month. Calculating the price per minute for a given company s plans practically shows a textbook example of quantity price discrimination. Figure B shows a breakdown of Verizon s America s Choice National Plans. It
6 Kaetzer Mastin 6 is clear that as more minutes are purchased, the price per minute reduces significantly. In fact, those who purchased 2000 minutes or more pay exactly half as those who purchase 400 or 500 minutes. Price discrimination also occurs with family plans. This is true not only with minute prices, but with phone prices. It is quite common for firms to give discounts on phone prices when more than one is purchased at one time. For example, T-Mobile offers a promotion where customers can purchase a Motorola V300 for $ with a family plan and get another one for free. Minute prices for family plans typically allow customers to share minutes for a lower total price, meaning they pay less than they would have if they had purchased the plans separately for the same net amount of minutes. Figure B Monthly Alloted Price per Plan Price Minutes Minute $ $ 0.10 $ $ 0.10 $ $ 0.07 $ $ 0.07 $ $ 0.05 $ $ 0.05 $ $ 0.05 $ $ 0.05 Price per minute $0.11 $0.10 $0.09 $0.08 $0.07 $0.06 $0.05 $0.04 $0.03 Price Discrimination: Verizon's America's Choice National Plans Minutes puchased per month Price discrimination also occurs according to location. All carriers ask for zip codes when customers wish to view their plans online, allowing them to charge different prices in different locations. Similarly, they print different fliers and advertise varied promotions across the country. For example, Nextel offers a plan found in some areas called the Nextel $99.99 unlimited plan which offers unlimited anytime minutes, unlimited nights and weekends, and unlimited intra-carrier calling. Although this is a national plan, it is only offered to those who
7 Kaetzer Mastin 7 live in some cities such as Houston (area code 77201) and Chicago (area code 60652). This plan is not offered in other large cities such as San Diego (92124), Los Angeles (90065), and Phoenix (85033). There are many potential reasons for this type of discrimination, and this has implications about demand elasticity. In all markets, firms tend to charge higher prices to areas with low elasticity because setting a higher price will result in only a small loss of customers. The opposite is true for areas with high elasticity, as customers will easily decide not to purchase according to price. Thus, it is possible that areas such as Houston and Chicago have relatively large demand elasticity s as opposed to Phoenix, where the $99.99 Nextel plan only offers 2,000 minutes. Another possible explanation for this discrimination is that Nextel is piloting this plan in some areas before making it nationally available. Differentiation of Products As previously noted, there is generally not enough product differentiation between firms to indicate that the market is anything other than an oligopoly. There are, however, various aspects that can differentiate products in the short run and in certain instances. Communications technology is not as big an issue now as it was in the late 90s, but it can make a difference to some customers. When cell phone networks were first established, everything was based on analog technology. This is also known as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System). Analog technology is the most basic type of wireless communications, and compared to digital technology, has various drawbacks such as weak signal integrity, poorer clarity, and lack of encryption. Analog service quality is comparable to the VHS video cassette standard. Cricket, although not a national carrier, is an example of a firm that solely uses analog technology. Over the last few years, most firms (including all of the national firms that we consider) have moved
8 Kaetzer Mastin 8 towards digital technology. Digital technology is basically the DVD quality technology for wireless communications. There are two types of digital technology, Digital Service and PCS. Digital Service is essentially a hybrid between analog and digital technology because it uses towers originally designed for AMPS for digital communications. PCS, in contrast, is a standard fundamentally designed for digital service. Where Digital Service offers more clarity and privacy than AMPS, PCS rises above Digital Service with encryption algorithms and errorcorrecting codes providing superior service. Sprint s entire network is PCS, while Nextel s network uses mainly Digital Service. Verizon s network employs both PCS and Digital Service standards 7. Aside from Verizon, most carriers networks use Digital Service and AMPS or PCS and AMPS. AMPS is now used as a backup standard for cellular communications that many firms offer. Many phones are designed to operate in AMPS where digital technology isn t available. Interestingly, not all phones sold by a given carrier offer the same technology capabilities. Some phones support only one digital frequency, while others can operate on numerous digital frequencies (Dual Band), or even numerous digital frequencies as well as AMPS (Dual Mode). The Samsung SPH-A740 sold by Sprint, for example, supports two digital frequencies (CDMA 800 and CDMA 1900) as well as analog (AMPS 800). The LG VX-6000 sold by Verizon on the other hand only has two digital frequencies (CDMA 800 and CDMA 1900) 8. The majority of customers know little about technology. Still, some customers do pay attention to frequency capabilities and buy accordingly. Market Shock 7 Bryan and Tyson 8 Brome
9 Kaetzer Mastin 9 In 2003, the Federal Communications Commission passed legislation that required firms to allow phone number porting between carriers. Before the legislation was passed, a customer changing carriers had to sacrifice their old number and receive a new one from their new carrier. This legislation obviously made consumers less obligated to their carriers than they were before, and sought to eliminate the externality of friends and family hassle to keep up with new contact information. The effects of this were not like a price or demand shock because the net revenue of the industry didn t necessarily change. Rather, customers changed carriers within the industry, resulting in an increase in sales for some companies, and a decrease for others. Eric Burden, a Sales Associate in Glendale, AZ with more than four years of experience noted that A lot of people moved from T-Mobile and ATT to larger companies such as Verizon. This certainly makes sense, as customers with inferior service could easily move to carriers with larger networks. Most importantly, the legislation made the cellular service industry much more competitive. Because the legislation made it harder for carriers to hold on to customers, firms came out with an array of promotions and deals to attract and maintain customers. Mr. Burden emphasized that [carriers] made sure their prices were more competitive, and became more concerned about contracts. [It] gave people a lot more freedom and brought down prices on the service plans and phones. After the legislation was passed, Sprint began offering plans with free nights starting at 7pm instead of 9pm. Also, practically all firms began offering free in carrier calling (when a Verizon customer calls another Verizon customer for example, the call is not charged to their monthly minutes). Altogether, the legislation mostly benefited the customers, as it made the market more competitive, and provided a slight degree of product differentiation allowing customers the convenience of choosing features to best suit them.
10 Kaetzer Mastin 10 Conclusion The effects of the phone number porting legislation as well as the oligopoly market structure show the overall behavior and state of the market: firms work with a mainly undifferentiated product and are always seeking ways to gain an edge on the market. Due to the manufacturing patent situation, it is continually hard for carriers to develop any significant feature to rise above others. Carriers ultimately resort to a price setting game in effort to attract customers from other carriers and maintain current customers. Additionally, firms continually expand their networks to gain market edge with coverage. This explains why many carriers have sought to merge as Cingular and AT&T did. Recent news explains that Sprint and Nextel are seeking to merge, which would similarly make a larger and more competitive network. It is unlikely that there will be many more large merges due to FCC regulations, which will prevent the market from approaching a monopoly. Ultimately having less firms in the market will benefit consumers with network coverage, but will likely lead to higher prices with less competition. Still, there is a large number of small carriers that could potentially merge or grow to enter the national scope of cellular service.
11 Kaetzer Mastin 11 Works Cited Brome, Richard A. Phonescoop. < Burden, Eric. Personal interview. 6 Dec Cingular. < Leslie Cauley, and Paul Davidson. Cingular, AT&T deal gets an OK from Justice. USA Today Oct. 2004: Money, Pg. 03b. Marshall Brian and Jeff Tyson. How Cell Phones Work. Article. < Nextel. < T-Mobile. < Taylor, John B. Economics. Boston: Houghton, 2004 RadioShack. < Sprint PCS. < Verizon Wireless. < What is the difference between analog and digital cell phones? Article. < Wireless Advisor. < Yahoo Finance. <
Choosing and Using a Cell Phone with Your Hearing Aid or Cochlear Implant By Lise Hamlin
August 2010 Choosing and Using a Cell Phone with Your Hearing Aid or Cochlear Implant By Lise Hamlin Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations require hearing aid-compatible digital wireless
More informationWireless Telecommunication Industry Overview
Wireless Telecommunication Industry Overview Columbia Graduate Consulting Club February 13, 2012 Pablo Prieto-Muñoz COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Global mobile phone subscribers
More informationMobile Device Investigations Program (MDIP) A Brief History of Wireless Technology
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Technical Operations Division Mobile Device Investigations Program (MDIP) A Brief History of Wireless Technology (b)(7)e (b)(6) Course Objective Describe the evolution
More informationCell Phone Plans for Exchange Student Intermediate
Cell Phone Plans for Exchange Student Intermediate Michel is an exchange student from Germany. He will be staying with a family in Minnesota for the school year. He has decided that he would like a cell
More informationWhere in Oakmont can you find Cell Phone Service? A study by the Oakmont Technology Forum And the Oakmont PC Users Group
Where in Oakmont can you find Cell Phone Service? A study by the Oakmont Technology Forum And the Oakmont PC Users Group Today s Discussion How cell phone reception works Cell service providers and networks
More informationReview of Cell Phone Technology
Review of Cell Phone Technology Types of Cell Technology - CDMA - GSM - iden - TDMA CDMA Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. In reality it is cdmaone (2G) or CDMA2000
More informationREMONOPOLIZING LOCAL TELEPHONE MARKETS: IS WIRELESS NEXT?
REMONOPOLIZING LOCAL TELEPHONE MARKETS: IS WIRELESS NEXT? Mark Cooper July 2004 FEDERAL AND STATE ANTITRUST OFFICIALS SHOULD SAY NO TO THE CINGULAR- AT&T WIRELESS MERGER The exit of AT&T Communications,
More informationWHITE PAPER. Mobility Services Platform (MSP) Using MSP in Wide Area Networks (Carriers)
WHITE PAPER Mobility Services Platform (MSP) Using MSP in Wide Area Networks (Carriers) Table of Contents About This Document... 1 Chapter 1 Wireless Data Technologies... 2 Wireless Data Technology Overview...
More informationCell Phone Providers. IBM PC Club Members
Cell Phone Providers IBM PC Club Members Cell Phone Provider (provide name) Your Name Cell Phone Provider Details Monthly Contract Cost Manufacturer of Phone(s), Type of Phone(s) Number of Cell Phones
More informationCell Service and Wireless Remedies for Reception & Coverage. Panel Host Kathleen Austin Panel Participants Dan Leaf Gordon Mansfield Richard Sherwin
Cell Service and Wireless Remedies for Reception & Coverage Panel Host Kathleen Austin Panel Participants Dan Leaf Gordon Mansfield Richard Sherwin MDU attach rate is approximately 17% Why Is This Important?
More informationA Comparative Study on the Electromagnetic Radiation Output from Cell Phones
A Comparative Study on the Electromagnetic Radiation Output from Cell Phones By Jacie Sellers Latta Jr. High School Abstract The purpose of this project was to determine whether radiation levels vary greatly
More informationHow to Pick Best Cell Phone Company in Oakmont. A study by Oakmont PC Users Group and Oakmont Technology Forum John Hamilton & George McKinney
How to Pick Best Cell Phone Company in Oakmont A study by Oakmont PC Users Group and Oakmont Technology Forum John Hamilton & George McKinney A Common Problem In Oakmont! Solutions: informed choice of
More informationUnified messaging is provided to over 1,000 users today and continues to increase along with campus growth.
IV. Voice Services Current Outlook Voice services on campus and at several off-campus sites are provided by an Aastra MD110 PBX. There are approximately 17,200 campus lines and 1,000 trunk lines. The telephone
More informationDSX System s Email Account Information. Item Description System s Email Account Data
Email Integration Description Receive an email notification when a new message is left in your mailbox. Email Integration is available in software versions 2.01 and higher. Email Integration requires one
More informationHow Cell Phones Work by Julia Layton and Marshall Brain and Jeff Tyson
Page 1 of 6 Make HowStuffWorks your home page! Mobil Travel Guide Consumer Guide Pr Search HowStuffWorks and the Auto Stuff Science Stuff Health Stuff Entertainment Stuff Travel Stu Computer Stuff Electronics
More information1660 Logan Ave. #A, San Diego, CA 92113 Tel: (858) 454-5900 x10804. www.myrateplan.com
Background Getting the best value from everyday household services (wireless, long distance, Internet access, credit cards, etc.) is, at best, a difficult task. Most consumers do not have the time, expertise
More informationTHE FACTS ABOUT 3G, 4G & LTE WIRELESS SERVICE
THE FACTS ABOUT 3G, 4G & LTE WIRELESS SERVICE These days, it is almost impossible to avoid the tidal wave of advertisements from the major wireless carriers vying for your business. Verizon Wireless, AT&T,
More informationU.S. Scorecard for Mobile Advertising Reach and Targeting (SMART) March 2009 (data compiled from 3/1/09 to 3/31/09)
U.S. Scorecard for Mobile Advertising Reach and Targeting (SMART) March 2009 (data compiled from 3/1/09 to 3/31/09) Millennial Media s new monthly SMART is designed to provide brand advertisers data and
More informationChapters 1-21 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems
Chapters 1-21 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems Yimin Zhang, Ph.D. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Villanova University http://yiminzhang.com/ece8708 Yimin Zhang, Villanova
More informationSprint Customer Service
2010, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 106-114 ISSN 2152-1034 Case Study Sprint Customer Service Dewanna E. McQuade Nile M. Khanfar Nova Southeastern University Abstract Two major carriers in the U.S. cellular telecommunications
More information2G Network Sunset: What it Means and How it Affects You
2 Network Sunset: What it Means and How it Affects You A look at the future of cellular technology and what it means to the subprime automotive market Brought to you by: Executive Summary To begin, let
More informationMonopolistic Competition
Monopolistic Chapter 17 Copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt College
More informationWireless Operators: Business as Usual
Markets, P. Redman, W. Clark, T. Hart, M. King Research Note 24 July 2003 Magic Quadrant for U.S. Wireless Service Providers, 2003 Our annual review of U.S. cellular/personal communications services voice
More informationAIRAVE Frequently Asked Questions
AIRAVE Frequently Asked Questions 2008 Sprint - 1-2008 Sprint. Sprint and the logo are trademarks of Sprint. Other marks are the property of their respective owners. AIRAVE FAQs General 1. What do I need
More informationThe Telephone. Wonder what Bell and Watson would think now?
The Telephone. Wonder what Bell and Watson would think now? Experian and the marks used herein are service marks or registered trademarks of Experian Information Solutions, Inc. Other product and company
More informationBecome a recognized industry leader by delivering better payments to our customers.
Fact Sheet Overview PreCash is a leader in payments services and transaction processing. We help cash-paying and underserved people access mainstream financial services, help financial institutions deliver
More informationT-Mobile US Reports Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2014 Results Delivers Year of Record Growth and Outperforms the Competition Across all Key Metrics
T-Mobile US Reports Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2014 Results Delivers Year of Record Growth and Outperforms the Competition Across all Key Metrics Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2014 Highlights: Fastest
More informationBiology Explorervision. John Lenzini and Jason Gorecki. The Amazing Cell Phone
Biology Explorervision John Lenzini and Jason Gorecki The Amazing Cell Phone History of the cell phone- The very first concept of the cellular phone started with AT&T car phone around 1970. When Motorola
More informationCellphone Carriers Try to Control Signal Boosters
Cellphone Carriers Try to Control Signal Boosters Sandy Huffaker for The New York Times Sean Kirkland in the living room of his San Diego home with a Clearstream Microsite signal booster in the background.
More informationThe Future of Voicemail:
The Future of Voicemail: The Business Drivers Behind Voicemail to MMS Inbox 4168882432 ben.matte@hotmail.com Subject:party tonight Inbox 1/6 Voicemail from 4167849665 4166270391 Erase Options 1 Wireless
More information1 Review of mobile tariffs in the UK and US
Annex 9 1 Review of mobile tariffs in the UK and US Introduction A1.1 This Annex provides a review of the current structure of main mobile tariffs offered by the main mobile operators in the UK and US.
More informationCars, Broadband, Internet: And why the road to innovation may go through Washington DC
Cars, Broadband, Internet: And why the road to innovation may go through Washington DC Jon M. Peha Carnegie Mellon University www.ece.cmu.edu/~peha/bio.html Keynote for IEEE CCNC / Consumer Electronics
More informationWireless Broadband Access
Wireless Broadband Access (Brought to you by RMRoberts.com) Mobile wireless broadband is a term used to describe wireless connections based on mobile phone technology. Broadband is an electronics term
More informationWireless Solutions. Working. US Wireless Data Market. Strategy, Business Development and Marketing for Wireless Businesses. Enterprise Segment
Working Wireless Solutions Strategy, Business Development and Marketing for Wireless Businesses US Wireless Data Market Enterprise Segment April 2003 Written by Derek Kerton and Hu Bin THE KERTON GROUP
More informationwww.wilsonelectronics.com 1-866-294-1660
Apple iphone In phone mode dial *3001#12345#* then press CALL. The Field Test Screen will appear. The signal bars will now display the signal in a db reading. -51 is full signal, -105 is no signal. When
More informationHOW W I R E L E S S T E C H N O L O G Y WORKS
HOW WORKS OW ORKS WHAT S INSIDE Inside your wireless phone, there is a compact speaker, a microphone, a keyboard, a display screen, and a powerful circuit board with microprocessors that make each phone
More informationIt s All Interconnected.
Excerpt from: It s All Interconnected. http://newnetworks.com/verizonfiostitle2/ Contact: Bruce Kushnick bruce@newnetworks.com Part XIII SPECIAL SECTION: Time Warner and the Social Contract 13.0 The Social
More informationKelly Cameron +1(301) 768-7263 kcameron@camerontelecomlaw.com +216 95 320 650. 26 janvier 2015
TUNISIA BUSINESS REFORM AND COMPETITIVENESS PROJECT Workshop sur le Service Universel L Expérience Américaine Kelly Cameron +1(301) 768-7263 kcameron@camerontelecomlaw.com +216 95 320 650 26 janvier 2015
More informationreleased his paper "Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" which concluded that light, electricity, and magnetism, were all related, all
The Cell Phone Preword, The assignment was writing a text of Cell Phone technology and how it has impacted information, communication, and technology. Introduction, [4] Cooper grew up in Chicago and earned
More informationPurdue University proudly presents. Aaron Jarvis, Network Engineer. www.purdue.edu/securepurdue
Purdue University proudly presents Aaron Jarvis, Network Engineer www.purdue.edu/securepurdue Any devices or software shown during this presentation are for demonstration purposes only. Purdue University
More informationDepartment of Public Safety and Correctional Services. Non-Jamming Cell Phone Pilot Summary
Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services Non-Jamming Cell Phone Pilot Summary January 20, 2010 INTRODUCTION The Department s Cell Phone Pilot is a follow-up to the September 2009 Cell Phone
More informationBecky Judd. Ace 270. Final Project
What s Important In Cell Phones to College Students? Becky Judd Ace 270 Final Project April 27, 2001 Becky Judd What s Important In Cell Phones to College Students? Introduction Just a decade or so ago
More informationInformation Services Cellular Phone Policy
Information Services Cellular Phone Policy Policy Basis/Background This policy outlines the eligibility of Information Services employees whose positions require remote communications through the use of
More informationBIT Wireless Broadband Opportunities
BIT Wireless Broadband Opportunities Presentation to Globecomm Techforum 2010 Conference October 5, 2010 Mickey L. Sims General Manager Buggs Island Telephone Cooperative Wireless Opportunities Act now;
More informationMobile Card Fraud Alerts Frequently Asked Questions
1. How much does it cost to use this service? The Bank does not charge for this service. However, standard text message and data rates assessed by your mobile carrier may apply. Please check with your
More informationDate: August 4, 2011. Hidalgo County - HIDTA Task Force. Response to Request for Quotation Includes:
Wireless Telecom Proposal for: Hidalgo County - HIDTA Task Force State of Texas DIR Contract No. DIR-SDD-604 for Wireless Voice & Data Services and Equipment Date: August 4, 2011 Sales Representative:
More informationHistory of Mobile. MAS 490: Theory and Practice of Mobile Applications. Professor John F. Clark
History of Mobile Telephony MAS 490: Theory and Practice of Mobile Applications Professor John F. Clark Everything I know about mobile telephony, I learned from: Evolution is not a theory when it concerns
More informationConnecticut s Compliance. Enhanced 9-1-1
The Status of Connecticut s Compliance with Enhanced 9-1-1 By Jennifer Herz Introduction Enhanced 911 (E 911) is a program regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The goal of this program
More informationTHE SUNSET OF. A KORE White Paper Better Coverage, Choice & Reliability
THE SUNSET OF 2G A KORE White Paper Better Coverage, Choice & Reliability The dawn of 4G LTE connectivity brings with it new possibilities for connectivity and mobile devices. But as the introduction of
More informationSprint Business Fusion Plans
Sprint Business Fusion Plans ADD QUICK LINK Overview Key Features Launch: 7/11/14 Executive Summary/Overview ~ New Corporate Liable plans tailored for businesses of any size that are simple, scalable and
More informationThe four largest wireless telephone companies (AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon) have voluntarily committed to make texting to 911 available
It is now possible to use certain wireless telephone services to send a text message to 911if you are unable to make a voice 911 call, you can type your message on your wireless phone and send it to a
More informationEmerging Wireless Technologies
Emerging Wireless Technologies QCHAT The Future of Push-to-Talk Communications Foreword: The Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN) Program is conducting an ongoing assessment of advancements in the wireless
More informationThus MR(Q) = P (Q) Q P (Q 1) (Q 1) < P (Q) Q P (Q) (Q 1) = P (Q), since P (Q 1) > P (Q).
A monopolist s marginal revenue is always less than or equal to the price of the good. Marginal revenue is the amount of revenue the firm receives for each additional unit of output. It is the difference
More informationOperating Manual Version: 1.0. U.S. Patent Pending
GLOBAL REACH WIRELESS THROW PHONE/COMMUNICATOR Operating Manual Version: 1.0 U.S. Patent Pending Copyright 2013 Specialty Wireless Advanced Technologies, LLC (SWAT, LLC). All Rights Reserved. Content Subject
More informationThe 6 Most Popular Ways To Call Home When Traveling
The 6 Most Popular Ways To Call Home When Traveling Can you afford to make the wrong choice? If you travel abroad, you will know that it can be frustrating trying keeping in touch with friends, family
More informationWhat You Should Look For In a Real-Time GPS Tracking System?
What You Should Look For In a Real-Time GPS Tracking System? There is more than meets the eye regarding the technology that makes up a GPS vehicle tracking system. Most companies who are shopping for a
More informationCan You Hear Me Now?: A Look into the Future of Cell Phone Carrier Competition
Loyola Consumer Law Review Volume 24 Issue 1 Article 5 2011 Can You Hear Me Now?: A Look into the Future of Cell Phone Carrier Competition Eryk Wachnik Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lclr
More informationU.S. Wireless Carrier Issues
U.S. Wireless Carrier Issues October 27, 2008 Boston Brussels Chicago Düsseldorf Houston London Los Angeles Miami Munich New York Orange County Rome San Diego Silicon Valley Washington, D.C. Strategic
More informationTechnology Needs Assessment Survey
Technology Needs Assessment Survey 1 - Avaya - ATT partner system - Don t know (9 responses) - Frontier (4 responses) - Local and in-house service - Versaline - Vodavi - VOIP PBX (3 responses) - None 2
More information2G vs 3G. CDMA vs GSM DEMYSTIFYING 2G VS 3G CDMA VS GSM
WHITE PAPER 2G vs 3G CDMA vs GSM DEMYSTIFYING 2G VS 3G CDMA VS GSM A Quick History Lesson Back in 1995, the 2G digital wireless network was introduced, replacing the analog network launched in 1983. In
More informationThe Effectiveness of Mobile Wireless Service as a Competitive Constraint on Landline Pricing: Was the DOJ Wrong?
11 December 2008 The Effectiveness of Mobile Wireless Service as a Competitive Constraint on Landline Pricing: Was the DOJ Wrong? William E. Taylor and Harold Ware 1 The US Department of Justice (DOJ)
More informationTopic 1) How to get an inexpensive cell phone that works well in Oakmont. Drawing for door prize (cell phone)
Topic 1) How to get an inexpensive cell phone that works well in Oakmont. Drawing for door prize (cell phone) Topic 2) How to set up a free landline using VOIP(voice over internet protocol). Auction of
More informationNew Patient Intake Package
CORE Physical Therapy 1255 S State St, Suite 7 Dover, DE 19901-6932 Phone: (302) 734-0100 Fax: (302) 734-0101 New Patient Intake Package - Welcome Letter - Consent Form - Appointment Contact Preference
More informationEconomics Chapter 7 Market Structures. Perfect competition is a in which a large number of all produce.
Economics Chapter 7 Market Structures Perfect competition is a in which a large number of all produce. There are Four Conditions for Perfect Competition: 1. 2. 3. 4. Barriers to Entry Factors that make
More informationData Transfer Rate Comparison
LTE Broadband and Public Safety David Fein, Project Manager November 2011 Executive Overview Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a relatively new standard for wireless communications, adopted by commercial and
More informationGO Software Inc. Wireless Credit Card Processing with PCCharge
GO Software Inc. Wireless Credit Card Processing with PCCharge PCCharge will wirelessly connect to credit card processors and automatically process credit cards wirelessly if properly set up to run with
More information4. How do I sign up for Text Banking and Alerts?
Fifth Third Mobile Banking Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Getting Started 1. How do I begin using Fifth Third Mobile Banking? In order to access Fifth Third Mobile Banking, you must be a current Fifth
More informationVoIP - POTS - Mobile. Phone Service Choices. http://mlcug.org/ May 2012 1
VoIP - POTS - Mobile Phone Service Choices http://mlcug.org/ May 2012 1 Basic service choices VoIP - Voice over IP o Uses the Internet as your phone line o WiFi (radio) or Ethernet connected phones POTS
More informationHOW DO YOU DOMINATE THE PRIVATE TRUCKING INDUSTRY USING M2M TECHNOLOGY?
HOW DO YOU DOMINATE THE PRIVATE TRUCKING INDUSTRY USING M2M TECHNOLOGY? We sat down with Tom Flies, Senior Vice President of Product Management at XATA Corporation, to discuss how innovation and collaboration
More informationAT&T s 2G GSM Sunset
AT&T s 2G GSM Sunset Introduction There is an incredibly difficult challenge facing the Machine-to-Machine ( M2M ) industry. In August 2012, AT&T announced that they plan to shut down 2G GSM services (including
More informationMobile Banking FAQ Page 1 of 9
Page 1 of 9 allows anyone with existing online banking access to see their account information from a mobile phone. can be Text Banking, Mobile Browser Banking or Smartphone App Banking. General Questions
More information5.1 Overview of Wireless Card Activation and Configuration
encor! enetworks TM Version A.5, January 2013 2013 Encore Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Activating a Wireless Card in a Cellular Carrier Network Wireless connections use radiofrequencies (RF) through
More informationBefore the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554
Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Automatic and Manual Roaming ) WT Docket No. 00-193 Obligations Pertaining to ) Commercial Mobile Radio Services
More informationT-Mobile revolutionizes U.S. 4G market aided by Nokia s super-fast project to roll out LTE
Global Services T-Mobile revolutionizes U.S. 4G market aided by Nokia s super-fast project to roll out LTE The expert advantage for T-Mobile T-Mobile has been enjoying huge success in the U.S. with its
More informationBoost Weak Cell Service at Home: Your Options
Boost Weak Cell Service at Home: Your Options Even the best wireless networks often can't deliver a consistent signal inside your house. Femtocells and repeaters will usually help, but they'll cost you.
More informationPHONE BILL SURVEY OF UCAN CUSTOMERS
PHONE BILL SURVEY OF UCAN CUSTOMERS San Diego California Market for Local, Long Distance, DSL/Broadband, Cable Service, Wireless Services, with Interviews Presented by: Teletruth, New Networks Institute
More informationT-Mobile US Reports First Quarter 2015 Results Strong Start to the Year with 1 Million Postpaid Phone Net Adds and Record Low Churn
T-Mobile US Reports First Quarter 2015 Results Strong Start to the Year with 1 Million Postpaid Phone Net Adds and Record Low Churn First Quarter 2015 Highlights: Continued subscriber momentum and record
More informationEffects of Deregulation on the Big Three of Long-Distance
Effects of Deregulation on the Big Three of Long-Distance By: Karen Miller Economics 320 April 17, 1997 Effects of deregulation on the Big Three of Long-Distance Introduction The competition for long distance
More informationhttp://businessportals.verizonwireless.com/businesssites/flplanfeat.html
Page of State of Florida - Plans & Features Basic Wireless Voice Service Florida Plan These Calling Plans are not eligible for any monthly access fee discounts Standard Monthly Access Fee $0.00 Per Minute
More informationcellularbooster.com THINGS YOU MUST KNOW BEFORE YOU 7BUY AND INSTALL A CELLULAR BOOSTER
cellularbooster.com THINGS YOU MUST KNOW BEFORE YOU 7BUY AND INSTALL A CELLULAR BOOSTER We have created this ebook for people who need some help understanding cellular phone boosters. As most people are
More informationTHE ECONOMICS OF FEE-BASED IPHONE APPLICATIONS VERSUS FREE APPLICATIONS: TO CHARGE OR NOT TO CHARGE
THE ECONOMICS OF FEE-BASED IPHONE APPLICATIONS VERSUS FREE APPLICATIONS: TO CHARGE OR NOT TO CHARGE Jennifer Breese-Vitelli, Robert Morris University, breesevitelli@comcast.net Philip Kim, Walsh University,
More informationWi-Fi calling for business: ROGERS WHITE PAPER. An Executive Overview
1 ROGERS WHITE PAPER Wi-fi calling for business An Executive Overview page 2 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 What Is Wi-Fi Calling? 4 How Does It Work? 5 What Are the Business Benefits? 7 What Are the
More informationChoosing and implementing a successful GPS/AVL solution
Choosing and implementing a successful GPS/AVL solution Author: Updated: Reviewed by: Patrick Campbell 6/9/2011 1:13:00 PM Dan Freeman, Bob Martin Abstract: Decisions to make and information required in
More informationGetting Internet Access on the Road
Page 1 of 10 Getting Internet Access on the Road Getting Internet access while traveling in an RV is different than at home. With no cable or phone line to the RV, there is generally no way to get the
More informationAlarmNet Network Overview
AlarmNet Network Overview AlarmNet is a family of communications services designed specifically for the security industry. AlarmNet is designed to be a cost effective alternative or backup to the transmission
More information2014 Vermont Non-residential Telecommunications Survey Report
2014 Vermont Non-residential Telecommunications Survey Report Prepared for the Vermont Public Service Department by the Castleton Polling Institute Castleton College 6 Alumni Drive Castleton, Vermont 05735
More informationGROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOWERCOS IN DEVELOPED MARKETS
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOWERCOS IN DEVELOPED MARKETS Network upgrade and densification potential Brian Burns and Hannah de Villiers 30 years Celebrating 30 years as global specialist advisers on telecoms,
More informationWrite down the names of three companies: competition. major competitors.
Write down the names of three companies: 1. Company with very little competition. 2. Company with two to three major competitors. 3. Company with many competitors. Which situation do you think describes
More informationTHE ENTERPRISE MOBILITY POLICY GUIDEBOOK
THE ENTERPRISE MOBILITY POLICY GUIDEBOOK October 2010 Edition 2 About This Guidebook Research from Strategy Analytics shows that over 90% of organizations now have employees using smartphones within their
More informationCell Phone Policy Q&A
1 Cell Phone Policy Q&A Why does the College want me to own my cell phone and arrange my own plan? The IRS requires the business use of College owned cell phones be documented in a very detailed manner
More informationMobile Phones - US. Euromonitor International : Country Sector Briefing
- Euromonitor International : Country Sector Briefing July 2010 List of Contents and Tables Headlines... 1 Trends... 1 Competitive Landscape... 2 Prospects... 3 Category Data... 4 Table 1 Sales of Mobile
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Economics 103 Spring 2012: Multiple choice review questions for final exam. Exam will cover chapters on perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly up to the Nash equilibrium
More informationFinal Exam (Version 1) Answers
Final Exam Economics 101 Fall 2003 Wallace Final Exam (Version 1) Answers 1. The marginal revenue product equals A) total revenue divided by total product (output). B) marginal revenue divided by marginal
More informationRMS Express Over the Internet with no radio W7VMI Amateur Radio Emergency Service Vashon-Maury Island Questions to K7NHV@ARRL.NET
RMS Express Over the Internet with no radio W7VMI Amateur Radio Emergency Service Vashon-Maury Island Questions to K7NHV@ARRL.NET You must have a Winlink e-mail address. Ask KG7CM or K7NHV to send an e-mail
More informationAnalysis of Methods for Mobile Device Tracking. David Nix Chief Scientific Advisor
Analysis of Methods for Mobile Device Tracking David Nix Chief Scientific Advisor October 2013 Table of Contents 1. Document Purpose and Scope 3 2. Overview 3 2.1 Mobile Device Penetration 3 2.2 Mobile
More informationatt wireless phone manuals
Reference Manual To find out showcasing to utilize and the ways to totally exploit att wireless phone manuals to your advantage, there are many resources available to you. ATT WIRELESS PHONE MANUALS Sometimes,
More informationThis hand-out gives an overview of the main market structures including perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.
Market Structures This hand-out gives an overview of the main market structures including perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Summary Chart Perfect Competition Monopoly
More informationWireless Solution for Rural Broadband Access
Wireless Solution for Rural Broadband Access As addressed to U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Utilities Service public meeting on Rural Broadband Access, June 27, 2002. I would like to thank Administrator
More informationChapter 11 Technology
Chapter 11 Technology Introduction The greater Hansville area is geographically removed from urban centers and has therefore been somewhat slower to have technological advances such as DSL and broadband
More information