Open Source Threat Intelligence. Kyle R Maxwell (@kylemaxwell) Senior Researcher, Verizon RISK Team
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1 Open Source Threat Intelligence Kyle R Maxwell (@kylemaxwell) Senior Researcher, Verizon RISK Team
2 2 Before we begin All trademarks belong to their respective owners. No association with any other organizations, sites, or projects is implied. And all opinions are my own.
3 What are we talking about?
4 4 Breaking it down Open Source Publicly available data from overt sources Distinct from open-source software But all software discussed today is FLOSS Threat Non-asset, non-vulnerability In VERIS A 4 terms: actor and action Not investigation-focused but can support it Intelligence True intel is product of data and analysis Generalizing slightly here to include raw-ish data Focus on broadly gathering data, tools for analysis CISPA and other political or legislative issues are out-of-scope for this talk
5 5 Breaches happen quickly but get discovered slowly Phase Duration
6 6 Organizations don t discover breaches internally
7 Threat Data Sources
8 8 Collective Intelligence Framework collectiveintel.net REN-ISAC project Sucks in feeds of IOCs from public and private sources Focuses on lower end of pyramid of pain Exports data to infrastructure or supports lookup during response David J. Bianco detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html
9 9 CIF query types Searches cif -q cif -q ns1.utdallas.edu Feeds cif -q infrastructure/malware -c 50 CLI and RESTful API
10 10 OSINT IOCs Abuse.ch AlienVault Blocklist.de CleanMX Emerging Threats Forensic Artifacts Nothink Shadowserver Spamhaus Among others Image by Jeremy Vandel Used under license
11 11 Passive DNS Historical records of actual DNS responses ISC DNSDB BFK edv-consulting Virustotal ;; bailiwick: butlesuh.ru. ;; count: 2 ;; first seen: :55: ;; last seen: :55: butlesuh.ru. IN A ;; bailiwick: butlesuh.ru. ;; count: 2 ;; first seen: :59: ;; last seen: :59: butlesuh.ru. IN A
12 12 Malware data VirusTotal Sine qua non for existing public data Search by hash, URL, domain, or other indicators Includes passive DNS related to malware callouts Malwr.com Additional data including feeds of recent samples and indicators Part of Shadowserver Foundation VirusShare.com Large repository of malware samples of all types 3 TB of data, indexed and searchable Distributed via BitTorrent
13 Threat Actor Tracking
14 14 What s a threat actor? From VERIS: Entities that cause or contribute to an incident are referred to as threat actors. There can be more than one actor involved in any particular incident, and their actions can be malicious or nonmalicious, intentional or unintentional, causal or contributory. VERIS recognizes three primary categories of threat actors External, Internal, and Partner. Not THAT kind of threat actor! (Gary Oldman, public domain image)
15 15 Threat actor sources Social Media Twitter (particularly via the API or RSS) Pastebin Google Alerts are particularly useful for monitoring specific actors Defacements and incidents Zone-h.org Mirror-ma.com
16 16 Storing raw data BYODB Use APIs and scripting languages (Python) Store in document database (MongoDB) Highly flexible but requires a bit more effort Web tools Evernote Feedly ifttt Delicious Impossible to do properly without automation
17 Analysis
18 18 Maltego Write local transforms to assist in enriching your data Canari platform simplifies the process of development and deployment canariproject.com
19 19 Written principally by Keith Gilbert (VZ RISK) MALware transforms and ent[ity]ities Malformity github.com/digital4rensics/malformity/
![transforms and ent[ity]ities](/docs-images/44/16254396/images/page_19.jpg "Malformity github.")
20 20 Malformity Simplifies basic analysis and research
21 21 Local repositories and analysis malwarehouse Basic database for storing samples from the command line. Think of this as your working set. sroberts.github.io/malwarehouse/ VxCage Larger, more complete database with a RESTful API interface. Think of this as your complete historical repository. github.com/cuckoobox/vxcage Cuckoo Sandbox Dynamic malware analysis using Virtualbox. Takes screenshots, integrates with Virustotal, exposes an API, and is written in Python.
22 22 Threat intel standards OpenIOC and CybOX OpenIOC originally produced by Mandiant under Apache 2 license (openioc.org) Similar to CybOX from MITRE (cybox.mitre.org) Capture stateful properties (file hashes, IPs, HTTP GET, registry keys and values) STIX Give context to indicators (CybOX) and other data (stix.mitre.org) TTPs Exploitation targets Campaigns Courses of Action [COA]
23 23 General threat analysis Threat intelligence and actors Use a wiki with defined templates like those from Scott Roberts for keeping profile data on specific threat actors. Link back to your document repository (e.g. in MongoDB). Artifacts Exploits Intrusion sets Third-party intelligence Indicators of Compromise Pull feeds from CIF or similar tools into your SIEM. Organizations without an existing deployment may want to look into OSSIM to get started. communities.alienvault.com Not a lot of open-source tools for sweeping hosts broadly. pyioc is one example: github.com/jeffbryner/pyioc Threat actors github.com/sroberts/threat-intel-templates This is where a lot of the heavy lifting occurs.
24 24 How can you collaborate? Use standards OpenIOC / CybOX STIX (builds on CybOX) Trust groups Not open source, strictly speaking But do good work and keep some of it in the public Can be significant and targeted boost Software development FLOSS projects depend on the community Github is a great place to get started Not just developers: use case feedback, docs, etc! Threat actors talk to each other. We have to do the same.
25 Thanks to great people doing great work David J Bianco (@davidjbianco) Jeff Bryner (@p0wnlabs) Keith Gilbert (@digital4rensics) Claudio Guarnieri (@botherder) Andrew Macpherson (@andrewmohawk) J-Michael Roberts (@forensication) Scott Roberts (@sroberts) Alessandro Tanasi (@jekil) Wes Young (@barely3am) Copyright 2013 Verizon Communications Image by woodleywonderworks Used under license 25
26 Future Directions Threat actor tracking in particular is relatively nascent in the public domain Lots of attention on getting better at sharing low-end IOCs Determine and detect TTPs (machine learning?) Want to talk Copyright 2013 Verizon Communications Image by Neil Kremer Used under license 26
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