erences For International & Comparative Law and Review

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2 CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL & COMPARATIVE LAW OCCASIONAL PAPERS PublishedbytheCenterforInternational&ComparativeLaw,DukeUniversity SchoolofLaw,ScienceDriveandTowerviewRoad,Durham,NC EditedbyRalfMichaels,DukeUniversityProfessorofLawandDirectorofthe DukeLawCenterforInternational&ComparativeLaw;StephenBornick,AssociateDirectoroftheDukeLawCenterforInternationalandComparativeLaw; andjonathandaltonwhite,researchassistant. 2009byDukeUniversitySchoolofLaw,CenterforInternational&ComparativeLaw. ForindividualbackissuespleasecontactCenterforInternational&ComparativeLaw,DukeUniversitySchoolofLaw,Box90360,Durham,NC , USA.Allissuesarealsoavailableonlineatourwebsite ( Ifyouwouldliketobeaddedtoamailinglisttoreceiveinformationaboutthe Center ii

3 FOREWORD CICLOPs Volume 1 The Bernstein Memorial Lecture The First Six Years CICLOPs, the Center for International & Comparative Law Occasional Papers,couldnotbelaunchedwithabetterissuethanonededicatedto Duke Law's named lecture series in the field, the Annual Herbert L. BernsteinMemorialLectureinComparativeLaw. HerbertBernsteinwasDuke'smuch belovedprofessorofcomparativelaw.hisearlylifeiswarmlydescribedinameticulouslyresearched article by my colleagueandfriend PaulHaagen,publishedinaspecial issue of the Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law (2003) that was dedicated to Prof. Bernstein's memory and is available at The lecture series, established in Prof. Bernstein s honor after his sudden death in 2001, has drawn leadingscholarsfromallaroundtheworldtospeakatdukelawschool oncomparativelaw.thisfirstissueofciclopscontainsthetextofthe firstsix lectures,someofthempreviouslypublishedin hard to access venuesandsomenot atall.assuch, itservesas atributenotonlyto HerbertBernstein,butalsotoDukeLaw'svibrantandactivecomparative law community, which encompasses both numerous faculty membersandalsostudentspursuingduke'sjd/llmdegreeininternationalandcomparativelawaswellasotherstudentgroups. Theissuecontainsalllecturesintheorderinwhichtheyweredelivered. The inaugural Bernstein lecture was given in 2002 by Hein Kötz, formerdirectorofthemax Planck Institute forcomparativeand International PrivateLawin Hamburg,perhapsthe leadinginstitution worldwide in its field [Civil Justice Systems in Europe and the United States,pp.1 16].HeinKötztakesonapetthemeofcomparativelaw the comparison of German and U.S. principles of civil procedure andbrings,inhishallmarkelegantstylenotjustalucid assessmentof the debate but also a number of useful insights. Perhaps the most importantamongthese isone basedinkötz's long standingemphasis on functional equivalence: Comparatists, in comparing German and U.S. court rules, are dealing with nonequivalent things: U.S. rules are made with big cases in mind, for which German civil procedure may ix

4 be inadequate. German rules by contrast are made for small cases, which in the U.S. would be dealt with not in ordinary courts but in small claims courts, with rules not so dissimilar to those in German civilprocedure. Christian Joerges, then of the European University Institute in FlorenceandnowagainaprofessoratBremenUniversity,gavethenext lecture in 2003 [Europeanization as Process: Thoughts on the Europeanization of Private Law, pp ]. Prof. Joerges suggests an ambitiousreconceptualizationforprivatelawineurope,combininginsights fromeuropeanlaw, comparative law,andprivate internationallawor conflict of laws, in the tradition of Brainerd Currie, a leading figure of U.S. conflict of laws and a former Duke Law professor. A muchextendedversionofthislecturehasbeenpublishedbythedukejournal of Comparative & International Law and is widely cited. In this issue, werepublishatextthatresemblesmorecloselytheoriginallectureas itwaspresented. For the third Bernstein Lecture in 2004, we took our focus away fromeuropeanlawschoolsbutnotnecessarilyfromeuropeitself.the speaker waschibli Mallat,aJean Monnet ProfessorofLawattheUniversity of St Joseph in Beirut, former candidate for the Lebanese presidency, now a professor at Utah Law School, and perhaps the world'sleading expertonwhathecalls MiddleEastern Law[Constitutions for the Twenty First Century, Emerging Patterns: The EU, Iraq, Afghanistan,pp.41 62].Prof.Mallatprovidesafascinatingcomparison of new constitutions inthe21st century that may at first sight look incomparable,namelythoseofiraq,afghanistan,andtheeuropeanunion. Henotonlyshowshowcomparisonbetweenthemcanprovideexciting insights but also provides comparative constitutional law with mileposts,simplifiers,acidtestsastools,andwithanoutlookonemerging patternsthatarevaluablebeyondjusthisownanalysis. ThefourthBernsteinLecture, in2005,wasgiven,perhapsuntypically, by a U.S. scholar, but one of unusually broad and cosmopolitan erudition Richard Buxbaum from Berkeley [Comparative Law as a Bridge Between the Nation State and the Global Economy: an Essay for HerbertBernstein,pp.63 78].Prof.Buxbaumoffersnothinglessthana reconceptualizationofthefieldofcomparativelawitself,awayfromits focusondisinterestedcomparisonbetweennationallegalsystems,and towards acknowledgement of both the supranational nature of much contemporarylawandanewemphasisoneconomic,asopposedtoprivate or public, law. The lecture has not previously been published, so weareespeciallygratefultoprof.buxbaumforupdatingitforpublicationinthisissueandaresurethatthecomparativelawcommunitywill joininthesethanks. x

5 In2006,DukeLawwasfortunatethatZhuSuliacceptedtheDean's invitation to speak [Political Parties in China's Judiciary, pp ]. Prof.ZhuisDeanofPekingUniversityLawSchool,China'smosthighly regardedlawschool,andascholarofunusuallyextensiveinterestand expertisenotonlyinchinesebutalsoinu.s.lawandlegalphilosophy. His lecture begins as a response to a review of one of his books but soonturnsintoafascinatingsuggestionthatwesternnotionsofjudicial independence are inadequate for an analysis or even critique of Chinese law. Provocative for a Western audience, the lecture highlights a coretheme in moderncomparativelaw:the contingencyandfrequent Westernbiasofmanyofourframesofreference,andthedifficulty(and promises) of intercultural comparison and critique. Jonathan Ocko, a professor of history at North Carolina State University and an adjunct professoratdukelawschool,addsanimmenselyhelpfulintroduction. Finally,2007sawalecturebyaclosefriendandcollaboratorofthe lateprof.bernstein:josephlookofsky,anamericangraduatefromnew YorkUniversityLawSchoolwhoisnowaprofessorattheUniversityof Copenhagen [Desperately Seeking Subsidiarity: Danish Private Law in the Scandinavian, European, and Global Context, pp ]. Prof. LookofskyprovidesaninsightintoDanishlegalculture,butnotasmere illustration.rather,heviewsthatcultureasendangeredbytheeuropeanization of law, and his view on that Europeanization from the perspectiveofasmallcountrywithaverypeculiaridentity,bothnational andscandinavian,greatlyenrichesourstandardpicturesofeurope. Viewedtogether,theselecturesprovideaglimpseoftherichnessof comparative law today and prove the high value that the field has at Duke.Thesixauthorscamefromuniversitiesinsixdifferentcountries, and where a topic occurs in more than one lecture the constitutionalizationofeuropeanlawforexample,orthedirectionofcomparative lawasafield theirviewsoftendiffer.thevarietyofperspectivesand viewpointsamongthesearticlesreflectsquiteeffectivelywhatmaybe thebestofcomparativelawtoday.ascomparedtotheloneperspective availabletothemythologicalcyclops,thisvarietybodeswellforthefutureofciclops. Infinishing,IthankStephenBornick,AssociateDirectoroftheCenter for International & Comparative Law, and Jonathan White, a firstyearstudentinduke'sjd/llmprogram,fortheireditorialworkonthe individual papers. Susan Manning and Melinda Vaughn from Duke Law scommunicationdepartment formatted thepapers;i amgrateful tothemaswell.ithankneylângürel,programcoordinatoratthecenter,forherworkandhercontributions,includingespeciallythedesign oftheciclopscover. xi

6 I would also like to thank each of the copyright holders: Kluwer Law International, Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law and Peri Bearman,Wolfhart Heinrichs,and Bernard G. Weiss fortheir consenttoallowrepublicationofthesearticlesinciclops.thearticles and citations contained herein are unchanged from their respective original or published versions, with the exception of minor editing andformatting. Each of the lectures can be viewed in its entirety at: RalfMichaels ProfessorofLawandDirector, CenterforInternational&ComparativeLaw DukeUniversity May2009 xii