RESOURCE GUIDE. A guide for implementing Building Information Modeling in State of Maryland and Washington DC public school construction projects

Transcription

1 BIM RESOURCE GUIDE A guide for implementing Building Information Modeling in State of Maryland and Washington DC public school construction projects First Draft May 213

2 ASBO MD/DC BIM COMMITTEE MEMBERS Seth Adams Montgomery Co Public Schools Louis J. Koslakowski, Jr. Wright, Constable & Skeen, LLP Barbara Bice MSDE, School Facilities Branch Donald Krempel Johnson, Mirmiran, & Thompson, Inc. Josh Bonzella The Whiting Turner Contracting Co John Lang ASBO MD/DC Philip Conte StudioJAED Kathleen Langan Forrester Construction Eric Feiss GWWO, Inc. Ariana Langford (Editor) Cecil Co Public Schools Rick Gay Baltimore Co Public Schools Chris Morton Harford Co Public Schools Wayne Gutermuth Steven Orlansky J. Vinton Schafer & Sons, Inc. Newman Architects Murray Hestley The Whiting Turner Contracting Co Sally Philbin Johnson, Mirmiran, & Thompson, Inc. John Hill Grimm & Parker Kathy Sanner (Facilitator) Ballincor Consulting Daniel Himmer Johnson, Mirmiran, & Thompson, Inc. Randy Smith Baltimore Co Public Schools Paul Hume GWWO, Inc. James Upton Grimm & Parker Version: Draft May 213 1

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose & Introduction to BIM 3 LEA Considerations 6 Should BIM Be Used on This Project? 6 Develop Goals and Objectives of Using BIM 8 Setting Expectations for the A/E Team 1 Project Delivery Methods and BIM Considerations 13 Technical Considerations 17 Some Rules 17 Levels of Development 17 Modeling Recommendations 2 Details for the A/E 2 Procurement and Contractual Considerations 24 A/E or A/E/C Team Selection 24 Contractual Considerations for A/E 25 Some Important Contract Reminders 26 Appendix 1 Glossary 28 Appendix 2 LOD Samples 3 Appendix 3 Sample Division 1 Language 35 Appendix 4 Bibliography and Additional Resources 37 Appendix 5 Sample Reference Documents 38 AIA E21 Digital Data Protocol Exhibit AIA E22 Building Information Modeling Protocol Exhibit Penn State BIM Contract Addendum Version: Draft May 213 2

4 PURPOSE What this Document Is: 1. A guide written specifically for use by Local Educational Authorities (LEA s) and others involved in the design and construction of public schools in the state of Maryland and which may be applicable to other jurisdictions. Its purpose is to educate and provide a practical guide the LEA on topics related to Building Information Modeling. 2. A tool to help an LEA when preparing for the A/E and CM selection process. 3. A suggestion of where to look for more information. This guide is by no means comprehensive, and there is a lot of information available. We ve provided links to some of the resources we found most helpful. What this Document Is NOT: Because each project and each LEA is inherently different, there is no fully developed, off the shelf, one size fits all solution for BIM requirements and BIM objectives. This document will give you the information to make sound decisions for your jurisdiction. While recommended language is offered as a suggestion in various sections, it is up to the LEA to make a final determination. INTRODUCTION TO BIM What is BIM? Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the most recent revolution in technology to support building design. Just as Computer Aided Design (CAD) changed the way building plans were drawn in the final decades of the last century, BIM is reshaping the way designers approach projects today. Simply put, BIM is a design tool that creates a three dimensional model of the building, AND has a database component. So, if it is a design tool, why should the LEA care about BIM? If you are in planning and construction, you have the most potential to take advantage of this great tool that your design teams are using! BIM may be used to help you and your end users visualize the spaces that are being designed for their use. You may choose to have your A/E team show evidence of system coordination by requesting clash detection reports. You can see what kind of access to equipment your maintenance personnel will have to service Version: Draft May 213 3

5 systems after installation. You may wish to be familiar with the options available in BIM so that you may take full advantage of the technology, without paying for services you don t need. If you are in maintenance, you may want to have Operating and Maintenance Manuals available in a database format click on a piece of equipment and you have the option of viewing submittal and O&M information on the equipment. You will want to know what options are available to be tracked and what format you would like to receive close out documentation. But you will need to establish these requirements prior to the start of design of the project. Keep in mind that training would be required for the end user to access this data. If you are in purchasing, there are considerations for requests for qualifications (RFQ s), and language used in bidding and contracts. BIM may assist with the calculation and coordination of pre purchase of furniture, fixtures and equipment (FFE). It may be set up so that it is easy to count the number of desks and chairs your school system needs to purchase for new classrooms. Would having access to this information require purchase of expensive software packages? No. There are software packages available that will allow you to access the database and view the model without owning the software the model was created in. 1. Database could be exported to Excel. 2. Autodesk Navisworks Freedom could be used for model visualization. 3. There are.dwg (AutoCAD) viewers available. OK. I m listening. What are the advantages to using BIM on my school construction projects? The benefits of using BIM during the DESIGN phase include: 1. A 3 D model of the entire building (or even portions of a building) allows for better visualization of the proposed design. It helps owners, occupants and the design team have a better common understanding of the design. 2. It allows for various design options to be evaluated more effectively and efficiently. 3. BIM allows the design team to merge the various design disciplines and identify conflicts early, (for example: ductwork and piping vs. ceiling height, window height, and structural steel). This is called clash detection. The use of clash detection leads to better coordinated documents when the project goes out to bid. 4. The database components of BIM have the ability to improve the accuracy of estimates. The database is able to calculate linear feet of pipe or duct, or the square footage of VCT, etc. 5. Because team members are able to look at a model, constructability reviews can be more productive, whether they are being done by the design team, the owner or a CM providing preconstruction services. Version: Draft May 213 4

6 6. A change in an object in the model will update that object s information throughout the model. For example, a change in door size will automatically be reflected in plan, elevation and door schedule. 7. BIM has the potential to assist with energy analysis activities. 8. BIM may be used to compare the program requirements with the model (i.e. square foot comparisons), which may expedite internal and state reviews. In summary BIM may be used as a tool to improve collaboration during design. The benefits of using BIM after design is complete: 1. Benefits during construction (BIM saves money and time). a) Clash detection helps reduce field changes. b) Improved 3D visualization helps contractor understand what s being built. c) Prefabrication of material. d) Level of certainty when installing. e) Phasing and sequencing of construction can be modeled to streamline. construction process and avoid problems. f) Shop drawings can be created from the model to improve coordination. 2. Benefits for Procurement. a) Furniture / Equipment purchasing. 3. Benefits to Owner after Construction (BIM enhances building operations). a) Building documentation is all collected and can be easily accessed with the proper software. b) Data useful to regular maintenance tasks can be embedded for owner use. What are the down sides to requiring the use of BIM? 1. BIM is not necessary for every project and requiring its use may add additional costs. See the next section for a discussion of when it is appropriate to require it. 2. Currently not all A/E teams have the same level of experience with the tool. The use of BIM requires an initial investment of capital and a steep learning curve for design professionals. Many architecture firms are using the technology now as standard practice. As the technology has evolved, more engineering firms are able to fully utilize it as well. Construction management firms still have a wide variety of experience levels utilizing BIM. Requiring your CM to use BIM will limit the pool of CM s to select from. As the technology continues to evolve more disciplines and more teams will be fully capable of using the technology. 3. The use of BIM as a coordination will require more up front A/E time since details will be worked out earlier in the project than normal. Version: Draft May 213 5

7 LEA CONSIDERATIONS You would not begin designing a project without first defining your needs. Similarly, when you require that your A/E team uses Building Information Modeling (BIM), you will first need to define your needs so that the team understands what is expected. This section provides general information, considerations and recommendations for defining needs and expectations. Should BIM be used on this project? This decision may be made upon: 1. Characteristics of the project. 2. Type of project. 3. As part of a decision by the LEA to implement BIM use. Projects with the following CHARACTERISTICS benefit most from BIM: 1. Projects in which the design process involves end user input, where end users may better understand the design when modeled and presented in 3D. 2. Projects involving multiple building systems benefiting from BIM s 3D coordination capabilities. 3. Projects that require integration of new building systems with new or existing building fabric. 4. Projects that require integration of new building systems with existing building systems. 5. Projects with unusually tight design or construction schedules that may benefit from coordination efficiencies, early bid packages and/or prefabrication of building or system assemblies. By Project Type: 1. New construction projects should consider BIM as a baseline service from the A/E team. 2. Renovation and/or addition projects There is an added cost for modeling the existing building and systems. BIM should be used when the renovation or addition is of a magnitude that justifies the additional cost, or when characteristics as noted above are present. The modeling of the existing conditions should be part of the A/E contract, unless the LEA either already has the model or is able to develop it prior to project inception. Examples include: Version: Draft May 213 6

8 a) A kindergarten addition may not justify the modeling of the existing building. The addition may be modeled. b) A limited renovation which touches multiple systems may, or may not warrant modeling the existing building, depending on the complexity of the project. c) A total renovation will likely benefit from modeling the existing building and conditions. 3. For systemic renovations of limited scope (i.e. chiller replacement, roof replacement), BIM requirements may begin to cost more, for modeling the existing than benefits. 4. For Aging Schools, QZAB, Science Lab, or other smaller projects, a limited use of BIM for an architectural model may be very useful during the design process to help end users understand how the space will look and feel with various design options. As part of a strategic BIM deployment: 1. LEAs may make a strategic decision to implement Building Information Modeling as a means to manage building information. For example, a maintenance organization may be able to click on an air handler shown in a model and access the operation and maintenance manual for that unit without having to go through books on a shelf. If an LEA chooses to go in this direction, it is critical to be clear on what level of equipment and submittal information will be included in the database. The more information the A/E team is required to build into the model, the greater the cost. However, the cost is less to add this information as the project is being designed than to add it after the project is complete. Clear expectations by all parties is critical for effective implementation. 2. Facilities Planning processes can be optimized using Building Information Modeling databases. Various BIM based planning tools exist to corroborate program, budget and schedule assumptions. From this basic information an LEA can do high level testing of site utilization, energy use, cost scenarios and more. Set up properly, a preliminary architect ready model can be exported and included as part of future project scope statements. 3. LEAs may therefore want to consider incorporating BIM requirements within the scope of work of near term capital projects as part of a comprehensive BIM adoption plan for current or future use by Facilities Management, Operations and / or and Facilities Planning. 4. By requiring consistently defined BIM deliverables for all significant capital improvement projects, including BIM models of existing facilities undergoing renovations or additions, LEAs seeking to develop a comprehensive BIM database of their facilities can build up such a database over time at minimal or no cost. Note that BIM model Level of Development (LOD) requirements should be carefully Version: Draft May 213 7

9 calibrated to support the LEA s anticipated needs in order to ensure that model development costs do not unnecessarily burden project budgets. (See Appendix 2 for additional information.) Develop Goals and Objectives for Using BIM. BIM Goals: The following BIM Goals and Objectives provide a good starting point for determining the use of BIM on a particular project. An LEA should only require the components of BIM which provide them with a benefit, and not force the project team to change their internal processes if there is no reason. In many situations architects and contractors will provide additional BIM Uses because it is the most cost effective solution for their internal processes. It is often useful to discuss the potential benefit/costs of each Use with industry partners in design and construction, to determine the implications of each requirement. BIM has been shown to improve projects through many uses, but it is not the best solution to every problem, and if implemented incorrectly, BIM may increase project cost. BIM Goal and Objective Ensure Project Requirements are met Improve communication of design intent Improve Sustainability and Energy Efficiencies Building Performance and Quality More reliable and early estimates during the design phase Reduce RFIs, Change Orders, field errors and reduce construction cost Communicate schedule visually Reduce onsite labor and improve design quality Building performance and maintainability Facility and asset management BIM Use Space Planning and Program Compliance Utilize 3D views to improve visualization Energy Analysis Building system analysis / simulation Quantity takeoff and cost estimation Design coordination / clash detection Schedule simulation Prefabrication Operation simulation Commissioning and asset management It is important to note, that these goals may not apply to every project, and once the specifics for a new project are determined, there may be goals that need to be added or removed. Existing technology provides the end user with many means for accessing project data. Careful thought and consideration at the beginning of the project prevents excessive data entry late in the process. Decisions regarding how the Version: Draft May 213 8

10 end user(s) will need to interact with the information model should influence the final deliverable and formats for data access. Additional Objectives. The LEA will need to decide upon and clearly communicate the following points: 1. Define the specific deliverables for the project, the information to be included, the form, when will it be provided, by whom, and to whom. 2. Establish the minimum requirements and expectations of the model, the musthaves, to include: 3D modeling of architectural, structural and MEP/FP components larger than 2 diameter, and equipment servicing and access space. 3. Consider additional requirements and expectations of the model. Sometimes the nice to haves come as part of the process and incur no additional effort. Others may incur additional cost. Examples include: furniture, casework, accessories, hardware, 3D renderings of major program areas, MEP/FP components smaller than 2 in diameter in specific critical locations, program compliance reporting, early phase energy use comparisons. 4. How will the model be used downstream by construction? Will the model be issued for supplemental and informational use during bidding? (Be careful. Define exactly what it can be used for during bidding. Scaling? Takeoffs? Quantities? Logistics? Constructability?) Will the model be issued for supplemental use by the contractor(s)? Models issued for supplemental purposes only require the construction team to recreate construction specific models. 5. Identify to what degree the model is dimensionally and geometrically accurate. This must be clear to the construction team to allow them to determine the work required to create construction phase models. 6. Determine uses of the information in the model. Who will use it and for what purpose? 7. Decide if the BIM will be used on the job site during physical project construction. If models will be used during construction, LEAs should require that the BIM(s) be used throughout the design, construction, and commissioning process, and outline how model(s) will be managed. 8. Insist on accuracy of information within the model to ensure accurate turnover data and its suitability of use for future projects, facility services, etc. 3D vs. 2D asbuilts. 9. Decide on the final and best uses of the BIM at project inception. Graphical and non graphical information may have equal or lesser value, depending on when the information is accessed. Do not be afraid to ask for what you think you need (in many cases, the data may be available without additional cost if requested early). Version: Draft May 213 9

11 Setting Expectations for the A/E Team. Even if the LEA is not planning on utilizing BIM for record purposes and future use by Maintenance and Operations, the following should be considered as a minimum for BIM use: 1. Utilize BIM to improve visualization of building information. a) Provide detailed visualizations from the model that can be used to communicate with stakeholders, including, but not limited to: perspectives, walk throughs, photorealistic renderings. 2. Utilize BIM to improve project coordination a) When buildings are modeled in BIM, instead of drawn in CAD, it is possible to identify and resolve physical interferences virtually before they are discovered physically. The first step in the process is identifying the conflicts. This is called clash detection. The second step, resolving the conflicts, is called spatial coordination. b) Clash detection results in two types of clashes. Hard clashes, such as a beam and a duct; and soft clashes, such as a door swing and a wall. c) The following is a suggested guideline: i. It is the Design/Construction Team s responsibility to conduct and manage an adequate and thorough Clash Detection process so that all major interferences between building components will have been detected and resolved before construction. ii. The BIM Manager (Design Team or Construction Manager) shall assemble a composite model from all of the model parts of each design discipline for the purpose of performing a visual check of the building design for spatial and system coordination. Prior to each scheduled coordination meeting, an updated clash report will be issued by the BIM Manager to the technical discipline consultants. iii. Coordination software shall be used for assembling the various design models to electronically identify, collectively coordinate resolutions, and track and publish interference reports between all disciplines. The technical disciplines shall be responsible for updating their models to reflect the coordinated resolution. iv. The team shall review the model and the Clash Reports in coordination meetings on a regular as needed basis throughout the design phases until all spatial and system coordination issues have been resolved. 3. Utilize BIM for Energy Analysis. Version: Draft May 213 1

12 a) BIM may be used in conjunction with energy simulation programs to conduct energy assessments for the current building design. Goals of energy analysis include conducting energy assessments and life cycle cost analysis. b) Energy analysis may be used to establish building orientation and configuration, as well as to meet requirements of Department of General Services for DD and CD reviews. c) Additional services available through energy modeling include hourly building load, system and plant energy simulation with economic analysis based upon building location and local utility rates. Additional fees may apply if these services are required by the LEA. d) The following is a suggested guideline for energy modeling: i. Energy simulation and life cycle cost calculations shall be based on information extracted directly from BIM and validated by energy modeling. The models shall be created to a Level of Development (LOD) and quality as required to perform an energy analysis appropriate for the phase and decision requirements of the project. When internal spaces are defined, they shall be modeled with internal environment parameters for early MEP design. Design Teams shall utilize energy modeling and sustainable design software that extracts BIM data to the appropriate file format for the analysis tool. 4. Define format for submissions, reviews, and which documents are legally binding. a) It appears that for the foreseeable future, the 2D output of any BIM model will continue to be the format required for State reviews, and will continue to be the legally binding Contract Documents for purposes of construction contracts. In this environment, legally acceptable language must be developed clarifying which documents are legally binding and defining the nature of the supplementary information that resides in the 3D Model. (See Appendix 3 for Sample Division 1 language used in the Veterans Affairs BIM Guide) 5. Define requirements for record documents: a) Lastly, in regards to as built deliverables and turnover documents, Building Information Modeling presents opportunities for digital document turnover packages that are far superior to traditional paper based deliverables. b) Record Modeling is the process used to depict an accurate representation of the physical conditions, environment, and assets of a facility. The record model should, at a minimum, contain information relating to the main architectural, structural, and MEP elements. It is the culmination of all the BIM Modeling throughout the project. Version: Draft May

13 c) In order to properly exhaust all opportunities for utilizing such a model, dialog must take place before the project begins. The critical factor to the success of creating a record model comes with properly documenting the LEA's intended use of the information stored within the model. Once these uses are outlined, the necessary parties can produce the required information and embed the necessary infrastructure into the model to support this future information. d) Other resources such as a delivery/turnover strategy, comprehensive implementation plan and level of detail documents must also be established. Furthermore, with the continuous updating and improvement of the record model and the capability to store more information, the model serves as a living document that contains an accurate snapshot of the completed space. The model should contain necessary links to pertinent information such as serial codes, warranties, and operation and maintenance history of all the components within the building. Subsequently, this model could be used to monitor the efficiency of the building from an operating standpoint. e) Will record drawings include shop drawings being added to the model? Which ones? Equipment? Which items? Other supplemental information? Identify. f) Including these in the final record model will increase the costs needed to produce these documents. The Owner should have a clear need and ability to use this embedded information. Contractors, sub contractors, and Architects and Engineers would need to be made aware of this requirement prior to bidding (contractors) and prior to negotiating fees (A/E). 6. Deliverables a) Specific requirements (disciplines, format, and process requirements) relative to BIM for each phase of the work should be delineated. Phases include Conceptual Design, Schematic Design, Design Development, Construction Documents, Bidding, Construction Administration, Post Construction. b) Are electronic submissions of the model required? By whom? For whom? c) During the bidding period will electronic documents and hard copy 2D be provided to bidders? i. Will electronic documents be in read only format (.vwf)? ii. What can they be used for during bidding? d) Will the Architect maintain the model through the construction period? i. If yes, then the Architect may be in the best position to produce the record drawings. e) Will the CM or GC maintain the model through the construction period? Version: Draft May

14 i. If yes, then the CM or GC may be in the best position to produce the record drawings. ii. They may maintain a model, but not the design model. iii. Is the A/E comfortable with modifications being made to their model? iv. Is a certain format required for model turnover? This may be different than what the CM/GC typically produces (added cost for conversion in some instances). f) Record Model. i. Recommend requiring a record model containing design intent information with as built conditions. May be delivered as a federated model which means the combination of various discipline models into one model. This model provides a design level of detail and lacks the fabrication detail. ii. Another option is the as built model, particularly if working with a CM firm. This provides all the fabrication detail, which may be more than most LEA s need. iii. Either model may be delivered in a read only format. Project Delivery Methods and BIM Considerations. It is important to understand that application of BIM processes can continue to yield benefits to LEAs beyond the point of construction contract award, regardless of delivery method. Further integration of design and construction industry processes will continue to improve the BIM process and overall project quality. The following is an overview of the use of BIM in the construction industry: 1. Current and Future Use of BIM by Contractors: a) Virtual Construction and Subcontractor Coordination: Some contractors are creating Building Information Models for construction purposes. They may model certain components or disciplines for clash detection. This is not a redundant activity to the clash detection performed by the A/E team. The contractor will model with the actual components being used in construction, where the A/E s model uses a basis of design. b) Construction Analysis and Planning: BIM allows scheduling to be built using 3D spatial relationships. The term 4D refers to the use of a 3D image with the addition of the fourth dimension time. This allows better communication and a visual understanding of the schedule and how it impacts site logistics. BIM components are linked to scheduling programs to create animated 4D movies. And because they are linked, if a change is made to the schedule the 4D model can be automatically updated. Analysis tools used by construction firms combine BIM data and construction method Version: Draft May

15 information to optimize activity sequencing. These tools can utilize spatial and productivity information to reveal time space conflicts on the job site before the real problem occurs. c) Shop Drawings and Offsite Fabrication: BIM can provide sub contractors the ability to export spatial information, specifications, and delivery requirements directly from the model. Structural steel, sheet metal, and piping fabricators have been using direct fabrication from their own models for some time and are well positioned to take advantage of BIM. Other trades such as precast and aluminum curtain walls are also beginning to take advantage of BIM tools. d) Onsite Construction and Quality Control: Techniques currently available include simple visual inspections that manually compare construction to the model, to laser scanning that export directly to the model for construction verification. More sophisticated techniques that are evolving use information directly from the model and include machine guidance, GPS and Radio Frequency Identification tags for component tracking. (The above four points adapted from the State of Wisconsin BIM Guideline.) 2. BIM and CM Projects. a) Local and regional Construction Management firms currently vary considerably in their progress in adopting BIM technologies. It is recommended that LEAs assess BIM capabilities within their construction community prior to requiring CM BIM deliverables in capital project procurements. b) LEAs that determine that requiring BIM deliverables will not unduly limit competition for CM contracts in their area may want to incorporate CM BIM processes and deliverables to gain the full benefit available from these technologies. c) In localities where BIM adoption is limited, LEAs may want to incorporate BIM processes in procurements as an optional value added service and/or as a factor in evaluations so as to encourage CMs to make investments in BIM implementation over time to improve their competitive position on public school procurements. d) Because AEC marketplace BIM adoption remains in flux, it is recommended that all A/E procurements that require use of BIM in design phases prescribe a framework which will allow the A/E BIM model to be utilized by project CMs to whatever extent they are capable or that an LEA requires, thus ensuring maximum flexibility in the LEA s construction phase and post occupancy uses of the BIM model. e) The following issues, at a minimum, should be addressed in A/E procurements and contracts utilizing BIM. Version: Draft May

16 i. A/E procurement and contract language that indicates at what points in the project and for what purposes the A/E will be required to share the model with the CM. ii. Definition of BIM file ownership. iii. Protections of A/E s intellectual property. iv. Indemnification associated with such sharing comparable / compatible to limitations of liability currently in place for sharing of digital CAD files. v. Clarity in expectations and responsibilities for BIM record drawings and/or as built production. vi. Requirement for development by the A/E and CM of a BIM Implementation Plan clarifying processes and responsibilities upon CM contract award. f) All terms of the A/E procurement and contract related to BIM files and use must be carried through in CM procurement and contract requirements and reviewed to ensure compatibility. 3. BIM and GC Projects. a) In a GC procurement environment, the potential benefits of BIM use are limited to the bidding and construction phases. So, although preconstruction benefits related to cost estimating, value engineering, and phasing / scheduling will not be available, GCs and subcontractors that have adopted BIM can use BIM to benefit the project in construction phase coordination processes, and may be able to provide to LEAs better bids due to the increased level of detail in 3D systems coordination that the BIM design process yields. b) As is the case under CM procurements, local and regional GC firms currently vary considerably in their progress in adopting BIM technologies. It is not recommended that LEAs require GC participation in BIM processes for capital project procurements unless the LEA is confident this requirement will not limit competition unduly. c) In localities where BIM adoption is limited, LEAs may want to incorporate language into their procurement documents stating the availability of BIM usage and the options and limitations associated with such use. d) Because AEC marketplace BIM adoption remains in flux, it is recommended that all A/E procurements that require use of BIM in design phases prescribe a framework which will allow the A/E BIM model to be utilized by project GCs and subcontractors to whatever extent they are capable or that an LEA requires, thus ensuring maximum flexibility in the LEA s construction phase and post occupancy uses of the BIM model. e) The following issues, at a minimum, should be addressed in A/E procurements and contracts utilizing BIM. Version: Draft May

17 i. A/E procurement and contract language that indicates at what points in the project and for what purposes the A/E will be required to share the model with the GC and subcontractors and/or with potential project bidders. ii. Definition of BIM file ownership. iii. Protections of A/E s intellectual property. iv. Indemnification associated with such sharing comparable / compatible to limitations of liability currently in place for sharing of digital CAD files. v. Clarity in expectations and responsibilities for BIM record drawings and/or as built production. vi. Requirement for development by the A/E and GC of a BIM. Implementation Plan clarifying processes and responsibilities upon GC contract award. f) All terms of the A/E procurement and contract related to BIM files and use must be carried through in GC procurement and contract requirements and reviewed to ensure compatibility. g) Ensure that procurement documents include a clear definition of which documents are legally binding. Sample language follows to be edited by LEA as appropriate: i. The Contractor shall have access to the Design BIM during bidding and construction. The solicitation for bids shall define the legal status of the model to the bidders as for informational and reference purposes only, by determining the Contract Record Document as the extracted 2D plan set. Version: Draft May

18 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS This section is intended to provide some basic technical information relative to BIM use. It is helpful to understand the language being used by the design world. Again, suggestions and recommendations will be provided as well as general information and consideration. Some Rules: 1. The Architect and all major engineering disciplines (S, A, MEP) should be using the same software, working on the same electronic platform. 2. Owner hired consultants, whose work will be reflected in the model, should also be on the same platform, to the greatest extent feasible. 3. If the Owner desires access to the model at certain stages of the work, that should be defined. 4. If the Owner desires continuous access to the model, or to have a CM have continuous access to the model, that should be defined. Levels of Development: This section is intended to define what Levels of Development are and what the elements of a model can be used for at each level. To procure BIM services on a project, it is important that the LEA develop a clear procurement strategy including BIM contract documentation. This includes identifying the Level of Development or Level of Detail (LOD) for a particular BIM Project and timing of levels during the preconstruction schedule. These documents establish the requirements and therefore the direction of the project before design or construction begins. It is necessary to ensure that the LEA s needs are met, and the project team understands the scope and detail of the requirements to which they are agreeing. BIM has been outlined into five levels of development (LOD). These levels help define consistent expectations throughout the building lifecycle from planning through design and construction and ultimately the building lifecycle. There are five defined LOD standards per the AIA E22 document. (See Appendix C) LOD 1 3 have a reference to the traditional 2D project delivery method while levels 4 and 5 are specific to the BIM process. Level of Development is defined as follows: Version: Draft May

19 a) LOD 1 SD Elements are modeled with no assembly information. The element's approximate location and size are modeled to provide communication of design intent in floor plans, building sections, and elevations. More detailed information may be provided in sources outside the Model such as the project narrative or cost estimate. a) This is used for conceptual or early schematic design. Typically consulting engineers aren t modeling level 1. b) LOD 2 DD Elements are modeled with approximate assembly information. The geometric information of the element is modeled to provide a close approximation to the final conditions. More detailed information may be provided in sources outside the Revit Model such as the project narrative or cost estimate. a) Used for late SD/DD phase. c) LOD 3 CD Element's geometry is accurately modeled indicating the correct size, location, and orientation. The assembly of the element is accurately represented in the model and is available to be scheduled for material take offs and cost estimating. Non geometric information is added to the elements. a) Used for CD phase up to 5%. d) LOD 35 CD Element's geometry is accurately modeled indicating the correct size, location, and orientation. The assembly of the element is accurately represented in the model and is available to be scheduled for material take offs and cost estimating. Non geometric information is added to the elements. All twodimensional details are complete. a) Final disposition of A/E model after 1% CD phase. e) LOD 4 Construction Phase Model Elements are modeled as specific assemblies that are accurate in terms of size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation with complete fabrication, assembly, and detailing information. Nongeometric information may also be attached to Model Elements. a) Shop drawings and install drawings are LOD 4. f) LOD 5 As Built Constructed assemblies: Accurate and actual quantities, sizes, shapes, locations, and orientation. g) Typical authorized uses from the design team s model includes: a) Constructability. b) Room/Spatial analysis. c) Material takeoff. d) Cost estimating e) Clash detection. f) Site logistics. h) LOD 1 35 are typically modeled by the design team while LOD 4 5 are typically modeled by the construction team. i) Examples provided in Appendix 2. Additional considerations: Version: Draft May

20 1. At each stage of the project, categories will not always fall into the same LOD. a) Example: At DD stage, the structural components of the project may be closer to LOD 3 while end user s furniture layout may be at LOD 1 or less. b) On a project to project basis, development of the model may need to differ than the typical LOD definition due to the nature of the project in order to suit the project or owner s needs. 2. Some non standard objects or elements vary project to project and may or may not be modeled per the owner s requirements. From the eyes of the design team, these objects would be better off if modeled by the installing contractor due to various reasons including means and methods. Some objects falling into this category include: a) Pipe/Conduit (smaller than 2 in diameter). b) Utility supports. c) Flex duct. d) Sprinkler branch piping and heads. e) Door hardware. f) Wiring. g) Structural connections. When implementing BIM, it is recommended BIM be used for all building systems design, development, and analysis, including but not limited to architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire suppression. Site/civil design is not a necessary component to recognizing the full benefits of BIM and is typically considered supplemental information to the model and can be imported for visualization purposes. The LEA should require a BIM Management Plan from the Design Team (for Design Bid Build approach), or from the Construction Manager (on a CM approach). The BIM Management Plan should identify roles and responsibilities, and include a Model Element Table (see sample document AIA E22) that clearly identifies the LOD for each building component, design team consultant and/or trade contractor. A BIM Management Plan should include a clear understanding of how the model(s) will be built, used and shared. In most cases the LEA should require the A/E or A/E/C team to develop the Plan. However, the LEA will need to provide input, and in some cases may want to write its own standard plan. The following components should be included in any plan. Modeling Recommendations: Version: Draft May

21 The recommended minimum level of detail required for a successful BIM model is as follows: 1. Architectural All materials and components with assigned spaces, material properties, sizes, and other specific component information to clearly identify building features such as walls, floors, roofs, doors, and windows. a) Modeling of hardware, owner supplied furniture and fixtures, etc. would be examples of non basic modeling. This level of detail can be provided if expectations are made clear in the beginning, but will likely incur additional cost. 2. Structural The structural model shall include all structural elements such as spread footings, grade beams, drilled piers, elevator pits, and slabs, and all shell structural elements including walls and decks, structural steel beams, columns, shaft framing, connector plates, and braces. 3. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Duct All ductwork, grilles, registers, diffusers, dampers, access panels, air moving equipment, maintenance clearances, and any item that may impact coordination with other disciplines. 4. HVAC Piping All overhead piping, vertical piping in shafts, connections to equipment, scheduled equipment, maintenance clearances, and any item that may affect coordination with other disciplines. 5. Plumbing All overhead piping, vertical piping between floors, connections to equipment and fixtures, maintenance clearances, and any item that may affect coordination with other disciplines. 6. Fire Protection Piping All main piping for reference only since typically: branch connections, drops and heads, access panels, maintenance clearances, hangers, supports, and any item that may impact coordination with other disciplines is documented by the sub contractor. 7. Electrical All conduits 1 1/2 inches and larger, any rack of two or more conduits regardless of size, lights and fixtures, electrical switch gear, panels, pull and circuit boxes, access clearances, all cable trays, and any item that may impact coordination with other disciplines. Details for the A/E. 1. Model Management. a) This section is intended to lay out the responsibility of the A/E team with respect to BIM. b) Project goals shall be set by the owner (LEA). i. The LEA should consider the Authorized Uses that they want to achieve during design and construction, then set the BIM requirements accordingly. Version: Draft May 213 2

22 ii. Provide a distinction between the Owner s and A/E/CM/GC use of the model; basically, how much does the owner want to control/restrict/define the design and construction process. c) LEA to define ownership of the model during certain stages of the project. i. A/E owns and manages the model during design. ii. Does CM/GC own and manage the model during construction, or does it stay with the A/E. d) The following tasks vary depending on how robust a model is required by LEA. i. Check Levels of Development. a. Check modeling protocols: are elements modeling in correct category? b. Check model integrity: are there issues with elements being incorrectly modeled with poor geometry, walls in walls, etc. c. Combine A/E models into a federated model. ii. Mandated BIM Coordination Meetings or Model Review Meetings may be beneficial to the owner since design, information and the model can change quickly. 2. Model Protocol. a) This section is intended to describe how work within the model should take place. b) A set of standards shall be developed so that anyone working with the model will be following the same protocol. The owner dictating a standard operating procedure may not be completely necessary, as long as all parties involved are on the same page. c) A BIM Kickoff Meeting should always take place early in the project attended by the A/E team and CM if one is involved. Key members include: project managers, project architects/engineers, drafters. d) Structural components in structural model: Need to define who models columns and who models slabs. e) Plumbing fixtures: Architect owns, plumbing engineers use. f) Lighting: Electrical Engineer owns, Architect references. g) Elements should be modeled in the proper categories. a. Example: Structural beams are categorized as structural beams. This seems simple but deviation from this can be problematic. h) Depending on the level of the model and how it is being used, if possible, all 2D drawings should be cut (taken) from the model. 3. Software Proprietary. a) This section is intended to inform the reader of common BIM related software and their general function. This is by no means an endorsement Version: Draft May

23 or review of any software or platform nor is it an exclusive list of software that can be used to perform the tasks described. b) Below are some commonly used software platforms organized by function (available as of early 213): i. Model Authoring Software: Autodesk Revit, Bentley BIM, Graphisoft ArchiCAD, Vectorworks, Autodesk Vasari. a. Allows users to design and model a building and its components in 3D, annotate the model with 2D drafting and access building information from the building models database. ii. Model Checking/Review Software: Autodesk Navisworks, Solibri a) In addition to the modeling authoring software packages, allows users to open and combin 3D models, navigate around them in real time and review the model using a set of tools including clash detection, viewpoints, comments, measurements, etc. A selection of plug ins enhances the package adding interference detection, 4D time simulation, photorealistic rendering and.pdf like publishing. iii. Model Analysis Tools: IES, Affinity Programming, Autodesk QTO, Cost X, Ideate BIM Link, Sefaira. a. This group includes the ability to use modeled elements and apply quantities and cost to materials present. In addition, other software packages add ability to analyze aspects of the building that are not straight forward and are more specialized than the general authoring software can provide. iv. Virtual Construction Tools: VICO, Field 36 BIM (formerly Vela). a. These aid in utilizing standard construction documentation in the field along with the ability to use the 3D model developed throughout design and construction. v. Asset Management Software: IBM Maximo. a. Provides asset lifecycle and maintenance management for all asset types on a single platform. 4. File formats. a) Each software company has their own proprietary file structure and extension. The file types can often be imported/exported by other related software with a simple conversion but may lose some information or integrity along the way. Some file formats relevant to the construction industry include but are not limited to: i..ifc,.dwg, dwf,.rvt,.dgn,.skp. b) IFC is a neutral and open source file format. It is object based and retains parametric information developed during model creation. IFC file format is Version: Draft May

24 supported by many software vendors. IFCs can be used to share model information between different operating systems and software vendors. c) Many jurisdictions have started to require IFC deliverables in lieu of vendor specific file formats. i. It is better for an LEA to define the deliverable and let the design and construction process occur with the tools best suited for the job, as decided by the A/E/C. ii. If an LEA wants a specific piece of software used on a project they must understand A/E/C s may include cost for purchase, training and maintenance in their fee. Version: Draft May

25 PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTUAL CONSIDERATIONS An LEA s decision to utilize BIM on a project will require existing procurement and contract procedures to be updated to reflect BIM requirements. Specifically, the areas where language and practices may require amending include: 1. During the A/E or A/E/C team selection process. 2. Contract Language. 3. During the Bid Process. A/E or A/E/C Team Selection. 1. Request for Qualifications. a) The Request for Qualifications (RFQ) should include the expectations for BIM use on the project AND require information so that the LEA can determine A/E team s technical competence in BIM, their experience in BIM project execution planning, and their ability and willingness to collaborate and share information. Sample questions for RFQ might be: i. Describe standard BIM practices on typical projects. ii. Provide an example of a project in which you utilized BIM. Include the project name, building type, brief project description, size and cost of project, location, completion date, and a copy of the BIM Project Execution Plan used for that project (or detailed description of how BIM was implemented). b) To assist the LEA in evaluation of RFQ s the following should be included in the RFQ: i. Statement of understanding of the Scope of Work and Professional Services Required should be outlined to prospective Consultants (Architect, CM, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, etc. ii. iii. Interested firm s should highlight their experience and submit qualifications based on providing BIM requirements, as outlined in RFP. In an effort to maintain consistency and fairness in the evaluation process, a list of specific requirements should be identified for inclusion with each firm s qualifications that relate to meeting the owners professional services required for any particular project. Those lists of services may include: a. What level of LOD is required for the project? b. Energy modeling requirements. c. Life Cycle Cost Evaluation Requirements. d. Clash Detection. e. Scheduling. f. As Builts. g. Commissioning Requirements. h. Record Documents. i. O&M Manuals. Version: Draft May