Women in an Age of Cyber Wars: Risks, Management and Opportunity

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1 : Risks, Management and Opportunity Key Note Address, European Summer Academy for Leading Women June 26, 2015, Malta Dr. Sarah Lohmann, Institute for Political Science, University of the German National Armed Forces Munich

2 Agenda #1 Cyber War and the Digital Agenda #2 Definitions #3 The Problem: For Our Governments, for Private Industry #4 The EU Solution for Governments and Private Industry #5 The Problem for You and Easy Solutions #6 The Female Factor: Opportunities #7 References 02

3 Cyber War and the Digital Agenda: Trust and Security How can we foster innovation, economic growth and progress in the European Union through the use of information and communication technologies? Pillar Three, Digital Agenda in the Europe 2020 Strategy: 1. Combat cybercrime through creating data security mechanisms 2. Strengthen network and information security through law 3. Creation of national alert platforms networked together to fight cybercrime across Europe Source: wkow.com 03

4 Definitions Cyber Space: This world -- Cyberspace -- is a world that we depend on every single day. It's our hardware and our software, our desktops and laptops and cell phones and Blackberries that have become woven into every aspect of our lives. Cyberspace is real. And so are the risks that come with it. -Remarks by President Obama (2009) on Cyber Security Cyber War is an extension of policy by actions taken in cyber space by state or nonstate actors that either constitute a serious threat to a nation s security or are conducted in response to a perceived threat against a nation s security. -Shakarian, P. Shakarian, J., Ruef (2013) Cyber Crime: Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (Chat rooms, s, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (SMS/MMS). Halder, D., & Jaishankar, K. (2011) 04

5 The Problem for Our Governments Source: ZDF Heute 05

6 The Problem for Private Industry Costs 150,000 jobs per year across the EU Consumer cybercrime costs Europeans $16 billion annually (2012 Norton Cybercrime Report) 80 % of critical government infrastructure (electricity, gas, water and telecommunications) is run by private companies in Germany (Meyer-Nieberg, Pickl, Zsifkovits 2014) 80% of cyber crime is organized, mostly state-affiliated. Average annual cost of Cyber Crime per industry sector (Ponemon Institute, 2014) 06

7 The Problem for Private Industry Global cost of Cyber Crime is $385 billion. (CSIS 2014) Highest losses in dollars due to cybercrime are Germany (1.6 of GDP), the United States (.64 of GDP) and China (.63 of GDP). Cost in EU to private companies is $8.9 million per year on average Source: 2014 Global Report on the Cost of Cyber Crime, Ponemon Institute 07

8 The EU solution: Coordinate government and private industry efforts EU law on fighting cyber attacks goes into effect in September Cyber Attack Simulations Europol cybercrime platform Cyber attack simulation at Northrop Grumman in Hampshire, UK 08

9 The Problem for You Who are the Victims? 378 million victims per year, 1 million per day, 48 % are women (Norton Report 2013) 50% of online adults 41 % have been victims of malware viruses, hacking, scams, fraud and theft 63 % of mobile device owners 65% of parents of children between the ages of 8 and % accessed their social network through their work device 27 % store personal information on their work device In 2013, there was an increase in targeted attack campaigns by 91 % (Internet Security Threat Report 2014, Symantec) 16 % public administration (gov), 15% professional services Personal assistant at a large company, media representatives, senior management What Can You Do About It? Adequate protection on both hardware and mobile devices. Separation of work and play devices: 49% use their personal device for work and play. Teaching children responsible device behavior and prohibiting use of work devices: 30 % of parents let their kids play, download and shop on their work device. Savvy use of social media: 39 % of social media users don t log out; 31 % of social media users connect with strangers; 12 % of social media users have had their social network account hacked. Source: wkow.com 09

10 The Female Factor 10

11 The Female Factor 10.3 million female entrepreneurs in Europe Union (31 % of work force). (European Commission, 2014 Statistical Data on Women Entrepreneurs in Europe) 48 million entrepreneurs and 64 million female business owners have employees, 7 million entrepreneurs and 5 million business owners plan expansion of 6 employees by 2017 (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Women s Report). By 2020, shortage of 900,000 ICT- skilled jobs (2015 EPP Digital Agenda People s Party Position Paper) 11

12 The Way Forward Our governments and the EU: What stands in the way of every country having a cybersecurity strategy? Is it possible to legislate for cybersecurity? Private Industry: How can we strike a balance between company burden and national necessity in fighting cybercrime? The Female Factor: How can we ensure fewer women are victims of cybercrime and use the shortage of ICT jobs to close the gender gap? Lockheed Martin Group/Reuters 12

13 References Brinded, Lianna, International Business Times, Cybercrime Costs 445 billion Worldwide and hits 150,000 EU Jobs June 9, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Net Losses: Estimating the Global Cost of Cybercrime. June URL: European Commission, Digital Agenda for Europe, Digital Agenda in the Europe 2020 Strategy. URL: European Commission, 2014 Statistical Data on Women Entrepreneurs in Europe. Dec. 15, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Women s Report. Halder, D., & Jaishankar, K. (2011) Cyber crime and the Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights, and Regulations. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global. ISBN Hopkins, Ciaran, Cyber Warfare and the Private Enterprise Information Systems, Trinity College Dublin, March Kelley, Donna J., Brush, Candida, Greene, Patricia, Litovsky, Yana, Global Research Association, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2012 Women s Report. Lieberman Software, 2013 Survey of Information Security Professionals: Defending Against State-Sponsored Attacks and Other Advanced Persistent Threats. 4 Sep Web. 2 Jun URL: Survey.pdf. Meyer-Nieberg, Silja, Pickl, Stefan, and Zsifkovits, Martin in: Quantitative Methods of Future Studies, Study for the Bundeswehr Planning Office, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Panteia in European Commission, Statistical Data on Women Entrepreneurs in Europe, Dec. 15, Ponemon Institute, 2014 Global Report on the Cost of Cybercrime, Oct. 30, Symantec, 2013 Norton Cybercrime Report. URL: Symantec, Internet Security Threat Report Shakarian, P. Shakarian, J., Ruef, A. Introduction to Cyber Warfare: A Multidisciplanary Approach, Syngress (2013). Watkins, Bryan, The Impact of Cyber Attacks on the Private Sector August 2014, Association for International Affairs. URL: 13