Social Network Analysis

Transcription

1 Social Network Analysis PD Dr Lothar Krempel September 20, 2010 Cologne Graduate School in Management, Economics and Social Sciences Course: Number 1623 Location: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Paulstr. 3, Köln Time: Mondays 14:00-15:30 Credit Points: 6 Type of Course: Fachübergreifende Theorien und Methoden Course Language: English The Seminar introduces into central topics of Social Networks, the formal representation of networks as mathematical graphs and the computational analysis and visualization. We use Pajek, a free program for the analysis of large networks. The course introduces into elementary networks metrics, centrality measures, concepts of dense areas like cliques and cores and structural equivalence (block modeling). Special topics are ego-networks and the analysis of two mode networks, concepts of network growth, diffusion processes in networks. Requirements: Oral presentation of one course text in the seminar and own network project or oral exam. Reading: Scott, John (2000): Social Network Analysis. London: Sage Woulter de_nooy, Andrej Mrvar and Vladimir Batagelj (2004): Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1

2 October_11 INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW actors, attributes, relations: symmetric; asymmetric, (di)- graphs Scott: Chapters 1-2 Pajek Chapter 1: Looking for Social Structure - Videolecture: On Social Networks with an overview of graph drawing with demo of a system Pajek snogd/ - Krempel, Lothar (2008): Netzwerkanalyse: ein wachsendes Paradigma. In Stegbauer (ed), Netzwerkanalyse und Netzwerktheorie, p October_18 BASIC NETWORK METRICS density, degrees, paths, cycles, closeness, betweeness Scott: Chapter 3-4 Pajek Chapter 2: Attributes and Relations Freeman Linton C (1979): Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification. In: Social Networks, 1(1) October_25 CLIQUES AND COMMUNITIES cliques, cores,.., k-plexes, clusters, communities Scott: Chapter 5-6 Pajek Chapter 3: Cohesive Subgroups M. Girvan and M.E.J. Newman (2002): Community structure in social and biological networks. PNAS, June , vol. 99, no. 12, pnas.org/cgi/doi/ /pnas November_15 POSITIONS AND ROLES Positions, Roles, Clusters, Blockmodelling, Structural Equivalence Scott: Chapter 7 Pajek Chapter 12: Block Models Padgett John F. and Cristopher K. Ansell (1993): Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici AJS, Vol 98, 6, November_22 SOCIAL CAPITAL, STRUCTURAL HOLES Burt. R. S. (1992): The Social Structure of Competition. In: Nohria Nitton and Eccles, Robert (ed) (1992): Networks and Organisations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. p Burt, R. S. "Structural Holes and Good Ideas." American Journal of Sociology (2004): November_29 EGO NETWORKS Bott, Elizabeth (1957) Family and Social Network. London : Tavistock Cubbit, T. (1973) Network density among urban families. In Boissevain, J. and J.C. Mitchell, 2

3 eds, Network Analysis: Studies in Human Interaction. The Hague Brandes, Ulrik, Jürgen Lerner, Miranda J. Lubbers, Chris McCarty & José Luis Molina (2008) "Visual Statistics for Collections of Clustered Graphs", proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium. March 5-7, Kyoto, Japan December_6 ASYMMETRIES, HIERARCHIES, POWER, Chase, Ivan (1974): "Models of Hierarchy Formation in Animal Societies." Behavioral Sciences 19: highly recommended Chase, Ivan (1980): Social Process and Hierarchy Formation in Small Groups: A Comparative Perspective. American Sociological Review 45: Katz, L. (1953). A new status index derived from sociometric analysis. Psychometrika, 18, p December_13 GROWTH OF PERSONAL NETWORKS homphily, clustering, triads, transitivity Pajek: Chapter 4: Sentiments and Friendship Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M Cook (2001): Birds of a Feather: HOMOPHILY IN SOCIAL NETWORKS. Annual Rev- Sociol : Davis, James A. (1963): Structural Balance, Mechanical Solidarity, and Interpersonal Relations. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 68, No 4, p Cartwright, D. and F. Harary (1956): Structural balance: A Generalization of Heider s Theory. Psychol. Rev., 63, Heider, Fritz (1946): Attitudes and cognitive organization. The Journal of Psychology. 21, Newcomb, Theodore, M. (1963): The Acquaintance Process. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston December_20 AFFILIATION NETWORKS: TWO- AND N-MODE GRAPHS Breiger, R.L. (1974): The Duality of Persons and Groups. Social Forces, 53, Davis A. Gardener B and Gardener M.R. (1941) Deep South. Chicago University of Chicago Press. Borgatti, Stephen and Martin Everett (1997): Network analysis of 2- mode data. Social Networks, 19, Diesner Jana and Kathleen M.Carley (2005): Revealing Social Structure from Texts: Meta-Matrix Text Analysis. In: Narayanan and Deborah J. Armstrong (ed): Causal Mapping for Research in Information Technology. Hershey: Idea Group January_10 NETWORK DYNAMICS: DIFFUSION IN NETWORKS 3

4 Pajek Chapter 8: diffusion Granovetter, Mark S. (1977): The Strength of Weak Ties."American Journal of Sociology 78: Milgram, S. (1967): The Small World Problem. Psychology Today, 1:61-7 Coleman, James S., Elihu Katz, and H. Menzel. (1957): The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians. Sociometry 20: Christakis, Nicolas and James H. Fowler (2007): The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years. N Engl J Med 2007;357: Krempel, Lothar, & Schnegg, Michael. (2005). About the Image: Diffusion Dynamics in an Historical Network. Structure and Dynamics, 1(1). Retrieved from: JANUARY_17 NETWORK VISUALIZATION mapping, layouts, attributes, Freeman, Linton (2000): Visualizing Social Networks. Journal of Social Structures, Vol 1, No. 1 Krempel, Lothar (2011): Network Visualization. In: Carrington, Peter and John Scott (ed): Handbook of Social Network Analysis. London: Sage - Krempel, Lothar (2005): Visualisierung komplexer Strukturen Grundlagen der Darstellung mehrdimensionaler Netzwerke. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag - Moreno, J. L [1934]. Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotheraphy and Sociodrama. Beacon, New York: Beacon House Inc. January_24 NETWORK DYNAMICS: GROWTH AND DECAY Höpner, Martin and Lothar Krempel (2003): The Politics of the German Company Network. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. MPIfG Working Paper 03/9, September 2003 [ January_31 VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES Wellman, Barry (2001): Physical Place and CyberPlace: The Rise of Personalized Networking. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25 (2001) Adamic, Lada A., Orkut Buyukkoten and Eytan Adar (2003): A social network caught in the web. Firstmonday, peer-reviewed journal of the internet. Hansen, Derek, Ben Shneiderman and Marc A. Smith (2010) Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL. Insights from a connected world. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann 4

5 General Literature 1. Easley, David and Jon Kleinberg (2010) Networks, Crowds, and Markets Reasoning About a Highly Connected World 2. Stegbauer, Christian (2010): Netzwerkanalyse und Netzwerktheorie. Ein neues Paradigma in den Sozialwissenschaften. Wiesbaden:VS Verlag 3. Knoke, David and Song Yang (2008): Social Network Analysis. Second Edition. Beverly Hills: Sage 4. Boris Holzer (2006): Netzwerke. Bielefeld: Transcript 5. Trappmann, Mark, Hans J. Hummell und W.Sodeur (2005): Strukturanalyse sozialer Netzwerke. Konzepte, Modelle, Methoden. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. 6. Carrington, Peter J., John Scott and Stanley Wasserman (eds.) (2005): Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7. Brandes, Ulrik und Thomas Erlebacher (ed) (2005): Network Analysis. Methodological Foundations. Berlin: Springer 8. Scott, John (2000): Social Network Analysis. London, Sage 9. Jansen, Dorothea (1999): Einführung in die Soziale Netzwerkanalyse. Leske + Budrich Verlag 10. Degenne, Alain and Michel Forse (1999): Introducing Social Networks. London, Sage. 11. Schweizer, Thomas (1996): Muster sozialer Ordnung. Netzwerkanalyse als Fundament der Sozialethnologie. Berlin: Dieterich Reimer Verlag 12. Schenk, Michael (1995): Soziale Netzwerke und Massenmedien. J.C.B. Mohr Tübingen 13. Wasserman, Stanley and Katherine Faust (1994): Social Network Analysis. Methods and Applications Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 14. Franz U. Pappi (ed) (1987): Methoden der Netzwerkanalyse. (Techniken der emprischen Sozialforschung Bd.1) München: Oldenbourg 15. Tittmann, Peter (2003): Graphentheorie. Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung. Leipzig: Fachbuchverlag Leipzig. 16. Martin, John Levi (2009): Social Structures. Princeton: Princeton University Press 17. Stegbauer, Christian und Alexander Rausch (2006): Strukturalistische Internetforschung. Netzwerkanalysen internetbasierter Kommunikationsräume. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. 18. Harary, Frank, Robert Z. Norman and Dorwin Cartwright (1965): Structural Models: An Introduction to the Theory of Directed Graphs. New York: John Wiley 19. Freeman, Linton(2004) The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of Science. Vancouver: Empirical Press 5

6 Free Programs Pajek Vlado Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar: a powerful free program especially designed to analyze very large networks. Woulter de_nooy, Andrej Mrvar and Vladimir Batagelj (2004): Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Visone is a free graph drawing program maintained by Ulrik Brandes to analyze and visualize social network data. NetDraw is a free Network Drawing Program which is available from Analytic Tech NodeXL a free program by Marc Smith which runs in Microsoft Excell 2007 as template with interactive features Hansen, Derek, Ben Shneiderman, Marc Smith (2009) Analyzing Social Media Networks: Learning by Doing with NodeXL. Gephi Gephi is an interactive visualization and exploration platform for all kinds of networks and complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs. FREE TECHNICAL INTRODUCTIONS: Michael Schnegg und Hartmut Lang (2001): Netzwerkanalyse Robert A Hannemann: Introduction to Social Network Methods. 6