City of Seattle Office for Education

Transcription

1 Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 City of Seattle Office for Education Early Learning Mapping

2 2025 First Avenue, Suite 800 Seattle, WA Founded in 1988, we are an interdisciplinary strategy and analysis firm providing integrated, creative and analytically rigorous approaches to complex policy and planning decisions. Our team of strategic planners, policy and financial analysts, economists, cartographers, information designers and facilitators work together to bring new ideas, clarity, and robust frameworks to the development of analytically-based and action-oriented plans. PROJECT TEAM Natasha Fedo, Project Manager Emmy McConnell, Analyst Annie Saurwein, Project Support

3 CITY OF SEATTLE EARLY LEARNING MAPPING Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... I PART 1: STUDY OVERVIEW AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION... 1 OVERVIEW... 1 REPORT ORGANIZATION... 1 METHODOLOGY AND STUDY LIMITATIONS... 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY... 2 STUDY LIMITATIONS... 3 PROGRAM INVENTORY... 4 OVERVIEW... 4 NEW SUPPORTS... 8 PROPOSED SUPPORTS OTHER CHANGES POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS AGE RACE AND ETHNICITY POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME STUDY FINDINGS OVERARCHING FINDINGS GAP ASSESSMENT PROGRAM GOALS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES NEXT STEPS PART 2: PROGRAM INFOGRAPHICS AND PROFILES CHILD CARE AND EARLY EDUCATION WORKING CONNECTIONS CHILD CARE PROGRAM (WCCC) SEATTLE CHILD CARE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM SEATTLE EARLY LEARNING NETWORK SUBSIDY (ELN) REGIONAL HOMELESS CHILD CARE PROGRAM EARLY HEAD START HEAD START EARLY CARE AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (ECEAP) SEATTLE STEP AHEAD Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013

4 SEATTLE PARKS PRESCHOOL PROGRAM SCHOOL YEAR SEATTLE PARKS PRESCHOOL SUMMER CAMP PARENT-CHILD HOME PROGRAM (PCHP) ELEMENTARY EDUCATION BASIC INSTRUCTION FULL DAY KINDERGARTEN FAMILY SUPPORT WORKER PROGRAM TITLE I, PART A SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANTS HIGHLY CAPABLE SPECIAL EDUCATION LEARNING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (LAP) STATE TRANSITIONAL BILINGUAL INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM (TBIP) AND TITLE III LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY (LEP) PROGRAM TITLE I, PART C MIGRANT READINESS TO LEARN REFUGEE SCHOOL IMPACT ACADEMIC & FAMILY SUPPORT FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN EARLY INTERVENTION EARLY INTERVENTION BIRTH TO 3 PROGRAM MEDICAID TREATMENT CHILD CARE PROGRAM (MTCC) EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAM (EIP) & EARLY FAMILY SUPPORT SERVICES (EFSS) HEALTH CARE APPLE HEALTH FOR KIDS THE FIRST STEPS PROGRAM CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS (CSHCN) PROGRAM CHILD CARE HEALTH PROGRAM (CCHP) NURSE-FAMILY PARTNERSHIP (NFP) PARENT-CHILD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (PCAP) PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS: PRIMARY CARE AND DENTAL CLINICS SCHOOL NURSES ACCESS TO BABY & CHILD DENTISTRY (ABCD) PROGRAM COMMUNITY BASED ORAL HEALTH PROGRAM CHILDREN S CRISIS OUTREACH RESPONSE SYSTEM (CCORS) AND INTENSIVE STABILIZATION SERVICES (ISS) MENTAL HEALTH OUTPATIENT SERVICES MENTAL HEALTH WRAPAROUND SERVICES CHILDREN S DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESPONSE TEAM BEFORE AND AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS ELEMENTARY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTERS ST CENTURY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTER PROGRAM AFTERSCHOOL AND SUMMER PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SEATTLE PARKS SCHOOL AGE CARE PROGRAM SCHOOL YEAR Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013

5 SEATTLE PARKS SUMMER DAY CAMP NORTHGATE ELEMENTARY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTER: SCHOOL YEAR NORTHGATE ELEMENTARY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTER: SUMMER STORY TIME SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND NUTRITION TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) STATE FAMILY ASSISTANCE (SFA) DIVERSION CASH ASSISTANCE (DCA) WIC SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL NUTIRITION PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS, AND CHILDREN NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM (NSLP) SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM (SBP) SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM (SFSP) BASIC FOOD CHILD CARE NUTRITION PROGRAM FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR LEGAL IMMIGRANTS AFTERSCHOOL SNACK PROGRAM HOME VISITING PROGRAMS WITH HOME VISITING COMPONENT Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013

6 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Overview In the City of Seattle, young children and their families are supported by a range of programs and services designed to provide child care, education, health care, and to address other basic needs. These programs are run by numerous different organizations and are funded through a variety of federal, state, and local sources. The focus of this study was to inventory the publicly-funded programs and services that provide direct support to children birth through third grade and develop visual infographics illustrating the key data. The goals of this study were to: (1) create an accessible picture of the economics of the existing early learning and support system, (2) inform early learning policy discussions by showing the various programs and connections (or lack of connections) across revenue sources, and (3) help identify potential gaps in service. While this study brings together new information for the first time to illustrate the extent of early learning support, the analyses are subject to the following limitations: The study focused on programs funded by public sources and administered by public entities. The study was limited to programs that serve children directly. Numerical data in Program Inventory: o Much of the information described in this report has been provided by the organizations administering the programs, and verified to the extent possible by BERK. o While BERK attempted to collect the data on number of children served and funding amounts for calendar year 2012, some organizations have different reporting periods and provided information most easily available. o In some cases BERK was not able to obtain information for the city-level geography. The study did not assess the quality of the programs and services or outcomes, and the extent to which they meet the needs of eligible children. The study did not assess the extent of partnerships or collaboration among programs. The estimates of eligible population do not necessarily correlate with the demand for an individual service. Program Inventory Programs and services that supported young children birth through third grade in the City of Seattle in 2012 were classified into the following six categories: 1. Child Care and Early Education 2. Elementary Education 3. Early Intervention 4. Before and After School Programs 5. Health Care 6. Social Assistance and Nutrition Exhibit ES- 1 below provides an overview of these programs, which ranged in scale from serving less than 100 children to more than 20,000. Overall, these publicly-run programs were supported by at least $275 million of public funding. Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 i

7 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Exhibit ES- 1 Programs Serving Children Birth to Third Grade in the City of Seattle, 2012 Category and Program Name Child Care and Early Education Child Care Number of Children Served Funding Sources Funding Amount Fed. State Local Early Education Working Connections Child Care Program (WCCC) 2,620 $ 1.81 M 0 F S Seattle Child Care Assistance Program 460 $ 2.34 M 0 L Seattle Early Learning Network Subsidy (ELN) 42 $ 0.27 M L Regional Homeless Child Care Program 660 $ 0.44 M F Early Head Start 232 $ 2.91 M F S Head Start 1,116 $ M F L Early Care and Education Assistance Program (ECEAP) 330 $ 2.19 M F S Seattle Step Ahead 450 $ 3.77 M L Seattle Parks Preschool Program - School Year 343 N/A > L Seattle Parks Preschool Summer Camp 129 N/A > L Parent Child Home Program (PCHP) 40 $ 0.15 M ^ L Elementary Education Basic Instruction Basic Instruction 15,705 $ M S L Full Day Kindergarten 832 $ 3.22 M S Academic Support Programs Family Support Workers 1,161 $ 2.81 M L Title I, Part A 5,577 $ 2.17 M F School Improvement Grants 519 $ 0.45 M F Highly Capable 371 $ 0.07 M S L Special Education 2,806 $ M F S L The Learning Assistance Program (LAP) 686 $ 0.49 M S Readiness to Learn (RTL) 100 $ 0.05 M S Refugee School Impact 78 $ 0.04 M F Academic & Family Support for Homeless Children 40 $ 0.11 M 0 F L Migrant and Bilingual Support State Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program/Title III (Limited English Proficiency) 2,725 $ M F S L Title I, Part C Migrant 43 $ 0.02 M F Early Intervention Early Intervention Birth to Three Program 400 $ 2.80 M F S L Medicaid Treatment Child Care (MTCC) 146 $ 2.52 M F S Early Intervention Program (EIP) & Early Family Support Services (EFSS) N/A N/A S Before and After School Programs Elementary Community Learning Centers 281 $ 0.69 M L 21st Century Community Learning Center Program N/A N/A F Seattle Parks programs N/A N/A L Story Time 81,215 $ 0.18 M 1 L After-School and Summer Program for Elementary School Students 376 $ 0.18 M L Seattle Parks School Age Care Program - School Year 894 $ 0.76 M 0-1 L Seattle Parks Summer Day Camp 1,061 $ 0.59 M 0-1 L Northgate Elementary Community Learning Center: School 24 $ 0.05 M L Year Northgate Elementary Community Learning Center: Summer 48 $ 0.09 M 0-2 L Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 ii

8 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Category and Program Name Health Care Insurance Number of Children Served Funding Sources Funding Amount Fed. State Local Apple Health for Kids 21,368 $ M F S Support Services The First Steps (Infant Case Management) 2,880 $ 0.25 M F S Children with Special Health Care Needs 600 $ 0.44 M 2 F S Child Care Health Program N/A $ 1.07 M 2 F L Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) 187 $ 5.19 M 3 F S L Parent Child Assistance Program (PCAP) 99 $ 0.55 M F S Medical and Dental Care PHSKC Medical Clinics 5,051 N/A PHSKC Dental Clinics 5,741 N/A 0 F S L 0 F S L School Nurses 15,705 N/A F S L Access to Baby & Child Dentistry (ABCD) Program N/A N/A F S Community Based Oral Health Program (CBOHP) 1,491 $ 0.42 M F S L Mental Health Children's Crisis Outreach Response System (CCORS) 974 $ 2.63 M 2 S L Mental Health Outpatient Services 9,500 $ M 2 F S L Mental Health Wraparound Services 300 $ 4.35 M 2 L Children's Domestic Violence Response Team 120 $ 0.22 M 2 L Social Assistance/Nutrition Social Assistance Nutrition Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) 6,975 $ M 4 F S State Family Assistance 121 $ 0.41 M 4 S Diversion Cash Assistance (DCA) 292 $ 0.22 M 4 S WIC-Special Supplemental nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children 5,700 $ 1.05 M 5 F National School Lunch Programs (NSLP) 15,705 $ 2.83 M F S School Breakfast Program (SBP) 15,705 $ 0.77 M F S Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) 3,758 $ 0.60 M F Basic Food Program (Food Stamps) 20,920 $ M 4 F S Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) 3,662 $ 1.52 M 4 F L Food Assistance Program for Legal Immigrants 19 $ 1.04 M 4 F S Afterschool Snack Program 15,705 $ 0.06 M F 0 Number of children for 0-12 > The program is fee-based; however, the City provides facilities and administrative support ^Reflects only publically funded PCHP slots 0-1 Number of children for Number of children for Data is duplicative and does not represent unique children 2 The data is for all of King County 3 Funding data is for all of King County 4 Funding for families with at least one child Data for PHSKC sites only 6 We were not able to estimate number of eligible children for these programs 7 Number reflects total referrals; not all children may have been eligible 8 Only estimating children up to 250% of FPL 9 Difference between eligible and served population is within the margin of error of ACS estimates Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 iii

9 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY New Supports Several developments have occurred in the past two years that will add significant resources to support early learning initiatives and children from birth to third grade in Seattle. These include renewal of the City of Seattle s Families and Education Levy in 2011 at $231 million over seven years; award of a $40 million Race to the Top District grant to a consortium of seven school districts, including Seattle; and passage of the Affordable Health Care Act. Proposed Supports Increasingly public support for early education is a legislative priority due to the growing body of evidence on its influence on life outcomes. There is passed and proposed legislation and policy at the state and national level that has the potential to increase financial and other support, including early learning opportunities, child care reform, Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program (TBIP) and Learning Assistance Program (LAP) expansion, and the President s proposal to make substantial investments in early learning. Population Demographics The demand for the programs included in this inventory is driven by the needs of the underlying population. For this study, the relevant subset of the population is children from birth to 8 years old living in the City of Seattle. The report describes the size and demographics of the relevant population by characteristics such as age, poverty, disability status, and English language proficiency. Age The 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) estimated that there are about 56,500 children birth to age 8 living in the City of Seattle, which comprises about 9% of Seattle s estimated population of 620,800. The number of children at each age level decreases with age; while there are about 7,300 children under age 1 in Seattle, there are only about 5,300 children that are 8 years old. Race and Ethnicity Race. About 37,900 (62%) children age birth to 9 in Seattle identify as white only, which is lower than the 71% who identify as white only in the City-wide population of all ages. About 7,700 children (12%) age birth to 9 identify as Asian or Pacific Islander only, about 7,000 children (11.5%) identify as two or more races, and about 6,500 children (10.5%) age birth to 9 identify as black only. Ethnicity. The Census and American Community Survey ask about ethnicity separately from race; people who report their ethnicity as Hispanic or latino can also identify as any of the races noted above. About 4,100 children (7%) age birth to 9 in Seattle are Hispanic or latino. Citywide, about 6% of the total population of all ages is Hispanic or latino. Poverty and Homelessness Many of the programs included in this study serve children living at or near the federal poverty level. Citywide, about 15% of Seattle s population had an income at or below the federal poverty level within the past 12 months. In total, there are about 7,500 of children under age 8 in Seattle living below the federal poverty level (approximately 13% of total number of children under 8). The Seattle/King County Coalition on Homelessness conducts a count of homeless people, including children, throughout King County each year. The 2013 count found that there are about 8,800 homeless people in King County, and about 1,500 (17%) of the County s homeless are children under age 12. For the school year, Seattle Public Schools estimated that about 520 out of 15,700 children in kindergarten through third grade are homeless, or about 3.3% of students. Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 iv

10 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Health Insurance Coverage Citywide, about 88% of the population has health insurance coverage (including Medicaid). This percentage is higher for children under age 6 (96% of whom have health insurance) and children ages 6 to 17 (92% of whom have health insurance). These percentages imply that about 6,200 children up to age 17 are currently without health insurance coverage in the City. Children with Disabilities Overall, less than 1% of children under age 5 and about 4% of children ages 5 to 17 have a disability. Applying these percentages to the total population at each age range implies that there are about 2,600 children under age 18 in Seattle with a disability. Languages Spoken at Home About 68,900 children age 5-17 in Seattle, or 70% of school-age children, speak English at home, which is a smaller percentage than the population of Seattle overall. The most common languages spoken at home other than English are Asian or Pacific Island languages (12%, or 11,800 children), Spanish (6%, or 5,900), and other Indo-European languages (3%, or 3,200 children). About 8,400 children age 5-17 in Seattle, or 9%, speak a language other than those identified. About 5,500, or 11%, of Seattle Public Schools students are enrolled in the English Language Learners (ELL) program. Of these, about 2,725 are enrolled in K to third grade. Summary of Findings Overarching Findings While the primary focus of this research was to develop an inventory of publicly-funded and publiclyadministered programs supporting children birth to third grade in the City, the data collection process surfaced the following overarching findings about the existing early support structures: No comprehensive system of services for children birth to third grade. Our inventory of public services for children birth to third grade encompassed six areas of support: Child Care and Early Education, Elementary Education, Early Intervention, Health Care, Before and After School Programs, and Social Assistance and Nutrition. While there is some overlap of funding sources and target population within each of the categories, there are few administrative or strategic connections across the categories to support alignment of funding and wraparound services for children served by multiple entities. The programs and services are administered by distinct, often siloed systems at the state, regional, and local level, with many regulations and restrictions around agency procedures and use of different funding sources. There is an opportunity to increase collaboration and integration of services in ways that would improve outcomes related to children s education, health, and overall well-being. Varying levels of data tracking and reporting ability. While some agencies were able to submit detailed data on the number of children served, dollars spent, and funding sources at specific geographies, other organizations were unable to provide this level of detail. The programs that were unable to provided detailed data had different challenges. Some agencies, for example, serve a wider age range of children than is addressed in this study, and were unable to separate out children by age. Other agencies serve either a countywide or statewide population, and could not separate their constituents at the City of Seattle level. For some programs, recent reorganizations at the state level have resulted in lost institutional knowledge of the program s data structure as program administration was transferred from one agency to another. Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 v

11 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multiple funding sources with specific restrictions reduce ability to flexibly meet demand. Many organizations surveyed have multiple funding sources at the federal and state level, each of which may have restrictions on the age of children that can be served, family s level of income, and/or the types of services and support the programs can fund. So, while an organization may have a total budget that seems large enough to support the target population, the funds cannot be mixed to leverage the full potential of that level of funding or to focus on different needs as they change during the course of a year. Limited information on home visiting programs. While the 2011 Home Visiting Needs Assessment completed by the Washington State Department of Health provides some information about home visiting services at the county level, we were not able to paint a clear picture of those home visiting services provided within the City of Seattle. There are several organizations that fund home visiting work, including the Department of Early Learning, Thrive by Five, and United Way of King County (private funder). Further research is needed to determine how much collaboration is happening in this arena to ensure maximum coverage of need and prevent duplication of services. Gap Assessment During the program inventory process, organizations were asked for estimates of the total population in Seattle that would qualify for and potentially benefit from their services or support. While several programs were able to estimate need, most programs surveyed had limited or no information on the magnitude of unmet need for their services. This study provides estimates of eligible populations for order of magnitude comparisons between the number of children served by various programs and the number that could be served. However, it is important to note that the eligible population does not necessarily correlate with the demand for an individual service. Many eligible children may not require services due to elective participation in private programs or available support from family and friends. Overall, there is an opportunity for organizations that are able to understand and quantify this need for services to make a stronger case for fundraising efforts or increased funding from existing sources to serve the entire eligible population. Programs that represent a significant opportunity for expanding the population served include the following: Eligible populations for Working Connections Child Care Program (WCCC), Seattle Child Care Assistance Program, and Seattle Early Learning Network Subsidy are estimated to be significantly higher than the actual number of children served in Early Head Start serves a fairly small proportion of children birth through 2 years old approximately 10% of the estimated eligible population of 3,000 children. About 830 children (approximately 13% of all eligible children age 5) in Seattle currently attend Seattle Public Schools Full Day Kindergarten programs at no charge through the state-funded program. This is almost a third of approximately 2,930 children enrolled in full-day and half-day kindergarten programs in SPS. Fully-funded full-day kindergarten is being phased in for all students; for more information, please see the discussion in the Proposed Supports section of this report. The Family Support Worker program serves approximately 7% of its eligible population. While all Seattle Public Schools elementary school students are eligible, the Family Support Worker program generally focuses on students that are not meeting standards, not making progress on the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) state tests, and/or chronically absent, in addition to coming from complex home environments. Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 vi

12 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Early Intervention Birth to 3 programs serve approximately 400 children in the City of Seattle, compared to an estimated 2,100 to 2,700 children that may have developmental disabilities or delays. There is a recognized need for more developmental screening in primary care, as well as better follow-through between the identification of a concern and the receipt of developmental services. A small proportion of Seattle Public Schools students in Kindergarten through fifth grade are being served by the Community Learning Centers (less than 2%). A small proportion of children in Seattle are being served by the Seattle Parks School Age Care and Summer Day Camp programs (less than 2%). The Nurse-Family Partnership program serves approximately a quarter of its eligible population in Seattle. Program Goals and Performance Measures Many of the agencies surveyed do not set specific goals or track the performance of their programs and services using quantitative measures. Although many have overarching goals, often built into their mission statements, few have identified desired, measurable outcomes and even fewer have developed specific performance targets. Without this type of evaluation structure in place, it is difficult for organization management and funding providers to understand program effectiveness and make strategic choices to improve program performance. Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 vii

13 Revised Final Report: June 7, 2013 PART 1: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

14 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS INTRODUCTION Overview In the City of Seattle, young children and their families are supported by a range of programs and services designed to provide child care, education, health care, and to address other basic needs. These programs are run by numerous different organizations and are funded through a variety of federal, state, and local sources. The focus of this study was to inventory the publicly-funded programs and services that provide direct support to children birth through third grade and develop visual infographics illustrating the key data. The goals of this study were to: (1) create an accessible picture of the economics of the existing early learning and support system, (2) inform early learning policy discussions by showing the various programs and connections (or lack of connections) across revenue sources, and (3) help identify potential gaps in service. Report Organization This report is organized into two parts: Part 1: Study Overview and Summary of Findings Part 1 of the report provides the following information: o An overview of approach and methodology, including study limitations; o An overview of program inventory; o Size and demographics of the relevant populations; o Summary of overarching findings; o A high level assessment of potential gaps; o An assessment of program goals and performance measures; and o Suggested next steps. Part 2: Program Infographics and Profiles Part 2 of the report provides more detailed information gathered during this study: o Infographics for six broad categories that show programs, funding sources, population served, and income eligibility; and o Program profiles that present more detailed information than is shown in the infographics. Revised Final Report: June 7,

15 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS METHODOLOGY AND STUDY LIMITATIONS Approach and Methodology Program Inventory Research and Data Collection This study was comprised of several components. Most notably, it involved an extensive data collection process which laid the foundation for infographic development. The approach included: Meetings with City staff. BERK met with the team from the City of Seattle s Office for Education (OFE) to develop a list of possible programs and services, as well as contacts for data gathering. Online research. BERK reviewed online publications and agency and program websites to identify programs and services to include in the study efforts. Data requests and interviews. Contact was made with agencies that either administer or provide funding for the programs and services. Over 20 interviews of different agencies and service providers were conducted by phone. Program contacts also received data requests for the following information: o o o o o o o o o Narrative description of services provided and target population. The agency that administers the program. Goals and performance measures for the program. Funding sources (Federal, State, and Local) and flow. FY 2012 (or SY ) funding amount, or the most recent year available including funding amount by source, if available. Requirements for eligibility, such as income level, family situation, or race or ethnicity. Number of people served by the program in FY 2012 within the City of Seattle. Maximum capacity that could be served within the City of Seattle, if available. Total cohort size in the City of Seattle that fits the program s eligibility requirements, if available. For the purposes of this study, BERK defined birth through third grade as birth to 8 years old. Demographic Information The primary sources for the demographic assessment are the 2010 U.S. Census and the 2011 American Community Survey, both conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Estimates of Eligible Populations This study presents estimates of the number of children in the City of Seattle eligible for each of the programs included in the inventory. Eligibility criteria cross many demographic areas, including ratio of income to poverty level, age, disability status, English language proficiency, and homelessness. The following primary sources were used to determine eligibility: Number of Children By Age. The U.S. Census Bureau 2011 American Community Survey (ACS) estimates the number of children at each age level within Seattle. These numbers form the basis for determining the number of children eligible for each program. Ratio of Income to Poverty Level. The 2011 ACS also estimates the percent of children living at different levels of poverty, ranging from 0% of the federal poverty level (FPL) to 500% and higher. Many programs have eligibility criteria based on this ratio. To estimate eligibility for these programs, the percent of children at each ratio was applied to the count of children in the eligible age group. When program eligibility requirements did not align exactly with ACS poverty categories, the number of children within a poverty category was assumed to be evenly distributed. Revised Final Report: June 7,

16 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Where eligibility criteria included other factors, that data was gathered from other sources such as Seattle Public Schools (SPS) enrollment information, studies of disability prevalence, and estimates from agencies administering the programs. Study Limitations While this study brings together new information for the first time to illustrate the extent of early learning support, the analyses are subject to the following limitations: The study focused on programs funded by public sources and administered by public entities. It does not provide information on the multitude of community-based and non-profit programs and services that support children birth to third grade. Many private funders have committed significant funds to these agencies to serve children and their families. The study was limited to programs that serve children directly. While infrastructure building (professional development, collaborations, coalition-building, etc.) is important, programs that support those services were not surveyed (unless infrastructure building was a part of a program that also provides direct services). Numerical data in Program Inventory: o Much of the information described in this report has been provided by the organizations administering the programs, and verified to the extent possible by BERK. In many cases the organizations were not able to easily extract data for the specific geography and age range of the study, because their program dataset may include county or statewide information, or all school-age children. In addition, programs may count children and families served differently based on monthly or annual average number served, unique customers during specific period of time, etc. Therefore, the information described in this report represents a best estimate of the number of children served and funding amounts, but the numbers are not directly comparable across organizations and should not be added together due to these different methodologies. o While BERK attempted to collect the data on number of children served and funding amounts for calendar year 2012, some organizations have different reporting periods and provided information most easily available. While BERK did not attempt to adjust the numbers to fit the calendar year, we believe that the data presented provides an understanding of the level of magnitude. o In some cases BERK was not able to obtain information for the city-level geography. The study did not assess the quality of the programs and services or outcomes, and the extent to which they meet the needs of eligible children. The study did not assess the extent of partnerships or collaboration among programs. The estimates of eligible population do not necessarily correlate with the demand for an individual service. Many eligible children may not require services due to elective participation in private programs or available support from family and friends. However, it is a useful measure to gauge the total pool of potential program participants. Revised Final Report: June 7,

17 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS PROGRAM INVENTORY Overview Programs and services that supported young children birth through third grade in the City of Seattle in 2012 were classified into the following six categories: 1. Child Care and Early Education 2. Elementary Education 3. Early Intervention 4. Before and After School Programs 5. Health Care 6. Social Assistance and Nutrition The Program Universe infographic and Exhibit 1 below provide an overview of these programs, which ranged in scale from serving less than 100 children to more than 20,000. Overall, these publicly-run programs were supported by at least $275 million of public funding. Revised Final Report: June 7,

18 CITY OF SEATTLE EARLY LEARNING MAPPING: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Revised Final Report: June 7,

19 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Exhibit 1 Programs Serving Children Birth to Third Grade in the City of Seattle, 2012 Category and Program Name Child Care and Early Education Child Care Number of Children Served Funding Sources Funding Amount Fed. State Local Early Education Working Connections Child Care Program (WCCC) 2,620 $ 1.81 M 0 F S Seattle Child Care Assistance Program 460 $ 2.34 M 0 L Seattle Early Learning Network Subsidy (ELN) 42 $ 0.27 M L Regional Homeless Child Care Program 660 $ 0.44 M F Early Head Start 232 $ 2.91 M F S Head Start 1,116 $ M F L Early Care and Education Assistance Program (ECEAP) 330 $ 2.19 M F S Seattle Step Ahead 450 $ 3.77 M L Seattle Parks Preschool Program - School Year 343 N/A > L Seattle Parks Preschool Summer Camp 129 N/A > L Parent Child Home Program (PCHP) 40 $ 0.15 M ^ L Elementary Education Basic Instruction Basic Instruction 15,705 $ M S L Full Day Kindergarten 832 $ 3.22 M S Academic Support Programs Family Support Workers 1,161 $ 2.81 M L Title I, Part A 5,577 $ 2.17 M F School Improvement Grants 519 $ 0.45 M F Highly Capable 371 $ 0.07 M S L Special Education 2,806 $ M F S L The Learning Assistance Program (LAP) 686 $ 0.49 M S Readiness to Learn (RTL) 100 $ 0.05 M S Refugee School Impact 78 $ 0.04 M F Academic & Family Support for Homeless Children 40 $ 0.11 M 0 F L Migrant and Bilingual Support State Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program/Title III (Limited English Proficiency) 2,725 $ M F S L Title I, Part C Migrant 43 $ 0.02 M F Early Intervention Early Intervention Birth to Three Program 400 $ 2.80 M F S L Medicaid Treatment Child Care (MTCC) 146 $ 2.52 M F S Early Intervention Program (EIP) & Early Family Support Services (EFSS) N/A N/A S Before and After School Programs Elementary Community Learning Centers 281 $ 0.69 M L 21st Century Community Learning Center Program N/A N/A F Seattle Parks programs N/A N/A L Story Time 81,215 $ 0.18 M 1 L After-School and Summer Program for Elementary School Students 376 $ 0.18 M L Seattle Parks School Age Care Program - School Year 894 $ 0.76 M 0-1 L Seattle Parks Summer Day Camp 1,061 $ 0.59 M 0-1 L Northgate Elementary Community Learning Center: School 24 $ 0.05 M L Year Northgate Elementary Community Learning Center: Summer 48 $ 0.09 M 0-2 L Revised Final Report: June 7,

20 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Category and Program Name Health Care Insurance Number of Children Served Funding Sources Funding Amount Fed. State Local Apple Health for Kids 21,368 $ M F S Support Services The First Steps (Infant Case Management) 2,880 $ 0.25 M F S Children with Special Health Care Needs 600 $ 0.44 M 2 F S Child Care Health Program N/A $ 1.07 M 2 F L Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) 187 $ 5.19 M 3 F S L Parent Child Assistance Program (PCAP) 99 $ 0.55 M F S Medical and Dental Care PHSKC Medical Clinics 5,051 N/A PHSKC Dental Clinics 5,741 N/A 0 F S L 0 F S L School Nurses 15,705 N/A F S L Access to Baby & Child Dentistry (ABCD) Program N/A N/A F S Community Based Oral Health Program (CBOHP) 1,491 $ 0.42 M F S L Mental Health Children's Crisis Outreach Response System (CCORS) 974 $ 2.63 M 2 S L Mental Health Outpatient Services 9,500 $ M 2 F S L Mental Health Wraparound Services 300 $ 4.35 M 2 L Children's Domestic Violence Response Team 120 $ 0.22 M 2 L Social Assistance/Nutrition Social Assistance Nutrition Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) 6,975 $ M 4 F S State Family Assistance 121 $ 0.41 M 4 S Diversion Cash Assistance (DCA) 292 $ 0.22 M 4 S WIC-Special Supplemental nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children 5,700 $ 1.05 M 5 F National School Lunch Programs (NSLP) 15,705 $ 2.83 M F S School Breakfast Program (SBP) 15,705 $ 0.77 M F S Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) 3,758 $ 0.60 M F Basic Food Program (Food Stamps) 20,920 $ M 4 F S Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) 3,662 $ 1.52 M 4 F L Food Assistance Program for Legal Immigrants 19 $ 1.04 M 4 F S Afterschool Snack Program 15,705 $ 0.06 M F 0 Number of children for 0-12 > The program is fee-based; however, the City provides facilities and administrative support ^Reflects only publically funded PCHP slots 0-1 Number of children for Number of children for Data is duplicative and does not represent unique children 2 The data is for all of King County 3 Funding data is for all of King County 4 Funding for families with at least one child Data for PHSKC sites only 6 We were not able to estimate number of eligible children for these programs 7 Number reflects total referrals; not all children may have been eligible 8 Only estimating children up to 250% of FPL 9 Difference between eligible and served population is within the margin of error of ACS estimates Revised Final Report: June 7,

21 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS New Supports Several developments have occurred in the past two years that will add significant resources to support early learning initiatives and children from birth to third grade in Seattle. These include renewal of the City of Seattle s Families and Education Levy in 2011 at $231 million over seven years; award of a $40 million Race to the Top District grant to a consortium of seven school districts, including Seattle; and passage of the Affordable Health Care Act. City of Seattle, Families and Education Levy The City of Seattle voters passed the first Families and Education Levy in November 1990, and since then have renewed it multiple times (most recently in 2011). This initiative provides support to children and their families, both in and out of school, in the areas of early learning, elementary, middle and high school education, and student health. Levy funds have added significant resources and programs funded under the earlier levies have achieved real outcomes. Since the school year, over 1,600 children have entered kindergarten ready to succeed in school, and 1,500 elementary school students have met grade-level standards who had not done so previously. The most recent levy included the following elements targeting children in preschool through elementary grades: Early Learning Investments Coordinate a strategy to prepare children to enter kindergarten ready to learn Continue and expand the Parent Child Home Visiting Program (PCHP) in partnership with United Way Continue providing preschool slots for 4 year olds Expand health, mental health screenings, and follow up for children in preschool, childcare, and home settings Provide support to help smooth the transition from preschool to kindergarten Elementary School Innovation Investments New block grant investments in the lowest performing elementary schools to support: o Extended in school learning time for struggling students o Out of school time activities o Family support for at risk students o Culturally and linguistically relevant family support for immigrant, refugee and Native American families o Summer learning programs for struggling students The investments in the first four schools in 2012 are summarized in Exhibit 2. In addition, four more elementary schools (Graham Hill, Highland Park, South Shore, and Wing Luke) were awarded funding during the second round of investments completed in March Revised Final Report: June 7,

22 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Elementary School Exhibit 2 Families and Education Levy Elementary School Investments Award Students served/subjects Other support Amount Beacon Hill $300,000 ELL and non-ell Latino students/reading and math support Madrona $295,000 Third grade students who narrowly met standard on math Measurements of Student Progress (MSP) assessments/math Olympic Hills Kindergarten to fifth grade students who are behind grade level expectation on reading assessments/ reading $295,000 Kindergarten students with low WaKIDS scores First grade ELL students who did not meet WaKIDS expectations in Kindergarten 1 full time equivalent (FTE) Children s Home Society of Washington case manager will provide support to families. Therapeutic Health Services staff will oversee Madrona s Collaborative Academic Support Team (CAST), small group work, and therapeutic referrals. YMCA community learning center (CLC) staff will provide targeted instruction for Kindergarten and first grade students during the school day. A 0.5 FTE Sound Mental Health Care Coordinator will provide support for at-risk students to improve attendance and conduct family outreach. Roxhill $300,000 Math Intervention Teacher/Coach will provide one on one and small group math instruction during and after school, as well as during Saturday Academy. A.75 FTE Communities in Schools Site Coordinator will provide case management for Tier Three kindergarten to fifth grade students, with primary tutoring focus on kindergarten to second grade ELL students. City Year Corps Members and a Site Coordinator will provide one on one and small group tutoring and support achievement efforts in Reading and Math for Tier Two ELL students, grades three to five in math and grade three in reading; provide before and after school programs for kindergarten to fifth grade students; strengthen family engagement; and provide additional assistance during Saturday Academy. Tutoring partnerships with University Tutors, for focus ELL students (third grade for reading and kindergarten to second grade for math). Revised Final Report: June 7,

23 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Race to the Top District-level In December 2012, the Road Map Region Consortium (made up of seven Puget Sound school districts) received notice that it had won $40 million in Race to the Top District funds. Part of the Consortium s application focused on Starting Strong and outlined several planned investments to support children in PreK through third grade. Individual districts are likely to support PreK to third grade work with their funds, but at this point it is not clear how this will be allocated. Two known planned investments are summarized below: A competitive fund of just under $4 million to invest in district proposals to implement components of their PreK to third grade plans. Among other criteria, the investments will target the highest needs schools. Let s Read, a successful regional summer reading campaign that seeks to support those students and families most in need of summer reading programming support. Affordable Health Care Act The Affordable Health Care Act fully subsidizes health insurance for anyone making up to 133% of the federal poverty level (FPL) and partially subsidizes it up until about 300% of the FPL. Coverage for children through Washington State s Children s Health Insurance Plan (CHIP) and Medicaid will remain in place through 2019, since the Act requires maintenance of current efforts by states for children until that time. In Washington, Apple Health for Kids streamlines children s medical programs through one point of entry. Children in families below 200% of FPL are served through Medicaid at no cost. Families above that level may be eligible for similar coverage through CHIP at a low cost: $20 a month per child for families below 250% of FPL and $30 a month per child for families below 300% of FPL. The premiums max out at two per family, so no family would pay more than $60 a month in premiums. In addition, the Act will catalyze streamlining of the enrollment and eligibility determination process. Proposed Supports Increasingly public support for early education is a legislative priority due to the growing body of evidence on its influence on life outcomes. There is passed and proposed legislation and policy at the state and national level that has the potential to increase financial and other support, including early learning opportunities, child care reform, Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program (TBIP) and Learning Assistance Program (LAP) expansion, and the President s proposal to make substantial investments in early learning. Early Learning Opportunities House Bill 1723, Concerning Early Learning Opportunities, was recently passed in the legislature. This bill calls for a task force to recommend how to build an integrated system for early learning in Washington State (for children birth to 5). This bill also affects several other early learning programs, and includes: A WaKIDS waiver to use three days at the beginning of the school year for family connections. A requirement that ECEAP providers incorporate Early Providers by 2016, which would make it a mixed-provider system and diversify the types of providers. A 10% flat rate increase to the Working Connections Child Care (WCCC). A 10% increase in reimbursement rates would increase providers and consequently options for families. There would also be a 5% level-two tiered reimbursement. However, these two things are subject to funding availability. Revised Final Report: June 7,

24 City of Seattle Early Learning Mapping: STUDY OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Child Care Reform House Bill 5595, Concerning Child Care Reform, is primarily concerned with improving the Working Child Care Connections (WCCC) program, following a report that noted that the WCCC is a system in crisis. This bill also has a person task force including the Department of Early Learning (DEL), legislators, advocates, providers, Thrive by Five, and others. The task force is to make recommendations on blending and braiding funding, implementing tiered reimbursements, and some of the changes identified in the WCCC report. This bill was passed during the regular legislative session and is waiting on a signature from the Governor. TBIP and LAP Expansion Senate Bill 5330 proposes increases in allocations for the Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program (TBIP) and the Learning Assistance Program (LAP). The TBIP allocation is proposed to increase from hours per week for all students, to 6.0 hours per week for middle school, and 8.0 hours per week for high school. An additional TBIP allocation is created based on 3.0 hours per week for students who have exited the TBIP in the previous two years. The LAP is proposed to increase from hours per week to 2.0 hours per week. Full Day Kindergarten Starting in the school year, the state began phasing-in voluntary full-day kindergarten programs, starting with schools with the highest poverty levels. For the school year, funding is available for 22% of the kindergarten students in 222 schools statewide; this includes approximately 40% of Seattle s kindergarten students in 19 schools. State funding for future school years is uncertain at this point. A state budget was not passed during the regular legislative session, and a special session started on May 13, As of April 28, 2013 (the end of the regular legislative session), four different budget proposals have been introduced in the Legislature, ranging from funding 30% to 60% of students statewide in the school year and between 35% and 100% in the school year. U.S. President s Early Learning Proposal The President s 2014 budget includes substantial investments in early learning, including: Preschool for All Program. The President's budget proposes $75 billion to provide high-quality, fullday preschool to all 4-year-olds from families with incomes at or below 200% of the poverty level. Families above the income threshold would also be eligible for services. Funding would be provided to states and distributed to local school districts acting alone or in partnership with other early learning providers, to offer high-quality preschool programs. An additional $750 million would be provided for competitive grants available to states to strengthen their early learning systems. Head Start/Early Head Start. The budget includes $1.4 billion to expand Early Head Start and create quality Early Head Start-Child Care partnerships. This initiative would serve over 100,000 infants and toddlers and would come close to doubling enrollment in Early Head Start. Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG). The budget includes $500 million in increased mandatory funding through the Child Care and Development Fund. Home Visiting. The budget proposes an investment of $15 billion over the next ten years in new funds from a proposed increase in the tobacco tax to invest in extending and expanding home visiting programs. The increased funding would take effect in Revised Final Report: June 7,