An Introduction to Linked Data
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1 An Introduction to Linked Data Dr Tom Heath Platform Division Talis Information Ltd 13/14 February 2009 Austin, Texas
2 Objectives Introduce the concept, principles, and key features of Linked Data Provide hands-on experience of creating Linked Data Provide a broad technical understanding of how to publish Linked Data Highlight some of the tools available for publishing and consuming Linked Data
3 Schedule 09:00 Welcome and Introductions 09:15 Linked Data, What and Why? 10:00 The Web of Data 10:30 Coffee 11:00 Linked Data Hands-on 12:30 Lunch 13:30 How to Publish Linked Data on the Web 15:00 Coffee 15:30 Current Linked Data Applications 16:00 Linked Data Toolbox 16:30 Discussion 17:00 Close
4 Sponsors Organisation My time Coffee and lunch Tonight's beer
5 Linked Data, What and Why?
6 The Web of Documents Analogy a global filesystem Designed for human consumption Primary objects documents Links between documents (or sub-parts of) Degree of structure in objects fairly low Semantics of content and links implicit
7 The Web of Linked Documents HTML untyped links HTML API/ XML HTML untyped links untyped links
8 The Web of Documents: Issues Simplicity Loosely structured data, untyped links, disconnected data Integration Show me all the publications by publicly-funded PhD students Querying Which papers have I written with people from European institutions outside the UK?
9 Data Silos on the Web
10 Data Silos on the Web HTML HTML HTML API/ XML A B C D
11 The Web of Linked Data Analogy a global database Designed for machines first, humans later Primary objects things (or descriptions of things) Links between things Degree of structure in (descriptions of) things high Semantics of content and links explicit
12 The Web of Linked Data Don't just link the documents, link the things Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing typed links typed links typed links typed links
13 Linked Data is......a way of publishing data on the Web that: encourages reuse reduces redundancy maximises its (real and potential) inter-connectedness enables network effects to add value to data
14 Linked Data Technology Stack URIs HTTP RDF (RDFS/OWL)
15 URIs Not Just for Web Pages A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) provides a simple and extensible means for identifying a resource. -- RFC 3986 Many different schemes: ftp://, tel:, urn:, mailto: Some URIs for real world things:
16 HTTP Data access mechanism Using URIs to identify things allows people to look these things up
17 RDF: Resource Description Framework Data format for describing things and their interrelations
18 The RDF Data Model Triples subject predicate object Tom worksfor Talis Talis basedin Birmingham <uri> <uri> <uri> or "literal"
19 Talis is Based Near Birmingham < < <
20 Data Merging with RDF Mix schemas/vocabularies within one document Less painful data merging
21 Data Merging with RDF Prefixes rc: < rdf: < foaf: < dbpedia: < dp: < skos: <
22 Data Merging with RDF Prefixes rc: < rdf: < foaf: < dbpedia: < dp: < skos: <
23 This is Linked Data
24 Linked Data Principles Use URIs as names for things anything, not just documents you are not your homepage information resources and non-information resources Use HTTP URIs globally unique names, distributed ownership allows people to look up those names Provide useful information in RDF when someone looks up a URI Include RDF links to other URIs to enable discovery of related information
25 Why Publish Linked Data? Ease of discovery Ease of consumption standards-based data sharing Reduced redundancy Added value build ecosystems around your data/content
26 The Web of Data
27 The Linking Open Data Project
28 The Linking Open Data Project Community project with W3C support Take existing open data sets Make them available on the Web in RDF Interlink them with other data sets Began early 2007
29 Participants Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US) University of Southampton (UK) Freie Universität Berlin (DE) DERI (IE) KMi, Open University (UK) University of London (UK) Universität Hannover (DE) University of Pennsylvania (US) Universität Leipzig (DE) Universität Karlsruhe (DE) Joanneum (AT) University of Toronto (CA) BBC (UK) Talis (UK) Garlik (UK) OpenLink (UK) Thomson Reuters (US) Zitgist (US) Mondeca (FR) Cyc Foundation (US)
30 The LOD "Cloud" - May 2007
31 Geonames
32 DBpedia
33 The LOD "Cloud" - July 2007
34 The LOD "Cloud" - August 2007
35 The LOD "Cloud" - November 2007
36 The LOD "Cloud" Feb 2008
37 The LOD "Cloud" Sept 2008
38 Linked Data Hands-On: Pimp Your FOAF
39 FOAF: Friend of a Friend An RDF vocabulary for describing people: identities interests affiliations social networks etc
40 Pimp Your FOAF Hands-on Exercise Create a basic FOAF file Enhance it with Linked Data Prizes for the best pimping number of links, accuracy, diversity...
41 Pimp Your FOAF: Instructions 1. Create yourself a FOAF file name your file yourname.rdf 2. Upload it ftp://playground.linkeddata.org user: **********, pass: ********** validate it: 3. Explore the cloud 4. Create as much Linked Data in your FOAF as you can Look for predicates: Browse it using e.g. Marbles
42 Pimp Your FOAF: Prizes!
43 How to Publish Linked Data on the Web
44 Scenario Online whisky shop: Wiskii.com New business venture, founded by Jeff For the whisky connoisseur Detailed background information from experts Contributions from customers Custom web app, relational backend Simultaneous publication in HTML and RDF
45 5 Steps to Publishing Linked Data 1. Understand the Principles 2. Understand your Data 3. Choose URIs for Things in your Data 4. Setup Your Infrastructure 5. Link to other Data Sets
46 1. Understand the Principles
47 Linked Data Principles: Redux Use URIs as names for things anything, not just documents you are not your homepage information resources and non-information resources Use HTTP URIs globally unique names, distributed ownership allows people to look up those names Provide useful information in RDF when someone looks up a URI Include RDF links to other URIs to enable discovery of related information
48 2. Understand your Data
49 2. Understand Your Data What are the key things present in your data? People? Places? Books? Films? Musicians? Concepts? Photos? Comments? Reviews?...
50 2. Understand Your Data Things in the Wiskii.com database Distilleries Regions and Locations Founders Owners Brands Products Photos Reviews Comments Prices/Offers
51 2. Understand Your Data What vocabularies can be used to describe these? Principles Reuse, don't reinvent Mix liberally Potential Ontologies/Vocabularies Geo GoodRelations FOAF Review SIOC Whisky
52 3. Choose URIs for Things in Your Data
53 3. Choosing URIs: Principles Use HTTP URIs Keep out of other peoples' namespaces Abstract away from implementation details Hash or Slash
54 3. Choosing URIs: Common Patterns Thing RDF data HTML page Thing RDF data HTML page Thing RDF data HTML page Thing RDF data HTML page
55 3. Choosing URIs: Wiskii.com
56 3. Choosing URIs: Wiskii.com
57 4. Setup Your Infrastructure
58 4. Setup Your Infrastructure HTML RDF PHP DB
59 4. Setup Your Infrastructure HTML RDF PHP DB
60 4. Setup Your Infrastructure HTML RDF PHP DB
61 4. Setup Your Infrastructure HTTP GET HTML RDF PHP DB
62 4. Setup Your Infrastructure HTTP GET HTML RDF PHP DB
63 Content Negotiation
64 4. Setup Your Infrastructure HTTP GET HTTP 303 See Other HTTP 303 See Other HTML RDF PHP DB
65 4. Setup Your Infrastructure Testing your content negotiation Install the LiveHTTPHeaders and Modify Headers extensions for Firefox Try LiveHTTPHeaders against my URI do the same with URIs from other data sets Modify your headers to ask for application/rdf+xml What do you get back? Do the same with curl
66 4. Setup Your Infrastructure Rolling your own is not the only option See Linking Open Data area of the ESW Wiki kingopendata/publishingtools
67 5. Link to Other Data Sets
68 Other Available Data Sets
69 5. Link to other Data Sets Popular Predicates for Linking owl:sameas foaf:homepage foaf:topic foaf:based_near foaf:maker/foaf:made foaf:depiction foaf:page foaf:primarytopic rdfs:seealso
70 5. Link to other Data Sets DBpedia! Wikicompany brands distilleries regions Homepages Geonames FlickrWrappr
71 5. Link to other Data Sets Linking Algorithms String Matching e.g. Lexical Distance between labels Common Key Matching e.g. ISBN, Musicbrainz IDs Property-based Matching Do these two things have the same label, type and coordinates Aim for reciprocal links
72 Summary 1. Understand the Principles 2. Understand your Data 3. Choose URIs for Things in your Data 4. Setup Your Infrastructure 5. Link to other Data Sets
73 Linked Data Applications
74 Linked Data Browsers Linked Data Mashups Search Engines Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing Thing typed links A typed links B typed links C typed links D E
75 Current Linked Data Applications - Browsing with Marbles and DBpedia Mobile - Searching with Falcons - Mashups, e.g. Revyu, BBC Music, Pipes
76 Marbles plug in a URI of your choice browse the Web of Data/Things notice the effect of link density
77 DBpedia Mobile
78 Revyu.com
79 BBC Music (Beta)
80 Falcons
81 Semantic Web Pipes Like Yahoo Pipes, but for RDF
82 Outlook for Linked Data Applications Requirements slicker interfaces better backend infrastructure highly focused functionality
83 Linked Data Toolbox
84 Linked Data Storage/Publishing Layers D2R Server Relational Database to RDF Middleware SPARQL access to RDB Example LinkedMDB
85 Linked Data Storage/Publishing Layers Virtuoso Many things, including RDF triplestore SPARQL access to data Open source edition
86 Linked Data Storage/Publishing Layers Talis Platform SaaS, Cloud-based storage for RDF data and binary objects SPARQL access REST APIs to additional services Faceting, Augmentation Linked Data compatible out of the box
87 Linked Data Storage/Publishing Layers Paget Framework publishing framework for Linked Data serves up RDF according to Linked Data principles reduces configuration overhead can serve up data from static files or the Talis Platform
88 Consuming Linked Data RDF Frameworks ARC (PHP) RAP (PHP) Jena (Java) Summary Discovering more data Sindice SQUIN
89 Discussion
90 More Information Contact Details Slides... Tutorial
91
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