Zdravko Lacković, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, ORPHEUS President

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1 ORPHEUS ORganisation for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences in the EUropean System Fifth ORPHEUS 2010 Conference The Advancement of European Biomedical and Health Science PhD Education by Cooperative Networking Convened in Vienna on April 8-10, 2010 Zdravko Lacković, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, ORPHEUS President

and Health Science PhD Education by Cooperative Networking Convened in Vienna on

2 ORPHEUS ORganisation for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences in the EUropean System The aims of ORPHEUS are: To give active support and guidance to members of ORPHEUS in enhancing their contributions to medicine and society in general. To provide information to members of ORPHEUS and all PhD candidates all over Europe. To represent higher education and research in biomedicine and health sciences and to influence policy making at national, European and international level. To encourage cooperation among members of the Association and the development of effective bilateral and multilateral networks. To promote cooperation in research and development of joint PhD programmes. To promote harmonisation of PhD programmes in biomedicine and health sciences To encourage mobility of PhD candidates and academic staff through all regions of Europe. To stimulate quality assurance of PhD research and education, and in particular to develop an accreditation process of PhD programmes in biomedicine and health sciences. To cooperate with other associations with similar goals.

To represent higher education and research in biomedicine and health sciences and to influence policy making at national, European and international level.

3 UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB MEDICAL SCHOOL PhD Programme: Biomedicine and Health Sciences EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF PhD PROGRAMMES IN MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES University of Zagreb Medical School Zagreb, Croatia, April 24-25, 2004 Article 1 PhD programme is intended to enable individuals, after completing and defending their PhD thesis, to carry out independent, original and scientifically significant research and critically evaluate work done by others. ORPHEUS Zagreb Declaration, 2004

1 PhD programme is intended to enable individuals, after completing and defending their PhD thesis, to carry out independent,

4 PHD (DSC) PROGRAMMS IN EUROPE 2008 IN MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES Countries traditionally without PhD in Medicine (Germany, Austria, Swiss) Countries with two doctorate (3 with MD): PhD and DSc programmes (Hungary) or similar Candidate (aspiratura) and DrSc (Russia) Countries where PhD programs consist of research only Countries where PhD is obtained mostly trough advanced learning Parallel MD/PhD programme Lack of information and the lack of exchange of experience. In contrast to growing number of (pre)graduate Studies in English PhD programs are in most cases only nationally oriented. Internet search in 2004 of 88 medical schools from 28 European countries only 16 (18.2 %) have a web pages with sufficient and understandable information on PhD programmes. Naw more than 200 PhD programes (links) on ORPHEUS web site.

MD/PhD programme Lack of information and the lack of exchange of experience. In contrast to growing number of (pre)graduate Studies in English PhD programs are in most cases only nationally oriented.

5 SOME EUROPEAN CHARACTERISTICS Unequal development Lack of information and mutual understanding Constant changes (Bologna process) including introduction of PhD programmes as a third cycle of Bologna process. POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES Are high criteria in some countries in danger? Small scientific communities: perpetuing status quo (or even worse because of a lack of intermediate degree and huge number of students enrolled in PhD Programmes and the) Common problem: lack of critical mass in all fields of biomedical and health research WILL BOLOGNA PROCESS IMPROOVE SCIENTIFIC PERFORMANCE OF THE OLD CONTINENT? Maybe - but only with intensive collaboration, harmonisation, consensus standards

Small scientific communities: perpetuing status quo (or even worse because of a lack of intermediate degree and huge number of students enrolled in PhD Programmes and the)

6 The most conflicting part: Article 3 cont....the MINIMAL REQUIREMENT FOR THE PHD THESIS IN MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES SHOULD BE THE EQUIVALENT OF AT LEAST THREE IN EXTENSO PAPERS PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED JOURNALS. Consenquences A case of Croatia (reported 2007 in Helsinki by Cikes at al)

SCIENCES SHOULD BE THE EQUIVALENT OF AT LEAST THREE IN EXTENSO PAPERS

7 Danger of harmonisation and mobility increasing brain drain and levelling at the lower level of quality Speciffying standards in any restricted sense would exert insufficient imact on the medical schools and indeed would have a potential to lower the quality of medical education (WFME) Is there a solution? WFME Standards strategy: 1. Basic standards that must be met 2. Standards for quality improvement in accordance with intrenational consensus about the best practice for doctoral education

to lower the quality of medical education (WFME) Is there a solution? WFME Standards strategy: 1.

8 ORPHEUS (The First) European Conference on Harmonisation of PhD Programmes in Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Zagreb 2004 ORPHEUS The Second European Conference on Harmonisation of PhD Programmes in Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Zagreb 2005 ORPHEUS The Third Conference on Biomedical and Health Science Doctoral Training in Europe, Helsinki, September 6-8, 2007 ORPHEUS The Fourth Conference on Biomedical and Health Science Doctoral Training in Europe, Aarhus, April 23-25, Setting Standards for PhD Education in Health Sciences ORPHEUS The Fifth Conference: The Advancement of European Biomedical and Health Science PhD Education by Cooperative Networking, Vienna, April 8-10

Helsinki, September 6-8, 2007 ORPHEUS 2009 - The Fourth Conference on Biomedical and Health Science Doctoral Training in Europe, Aarhus, April 23-25, Setting Standards for PhD

9 ORPHEUS 2009 AARHUS DENMARK cca 150 participants 33 European countries 72 universities STANDARS FOR Phd EDUCATION IN BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

10 VIENNA ORPHEUS 2010

11 ORPHEUS MEMBERS 2010

12 196 participants 39 European countries 114 institutins

13 Opening of the Conference Zdravko Lackovic, President of ORPHEUS, Zagreb Wolfgang Schütz, Rector of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Hannes Stockinger, Chairman of the 5th ORPHEUS Conference, Vienna Corina Duncescu (Timisoara) WHY ENROLL IN A PHD PROGRAM: A ROMANIAN STUDENT S TESTIMONIAL It became clear that as a medical doctor, I had the ability to change a life every day, but with a good thesis I can change the life of many more.

Duncescu (Timisoara) WHY ENROLL IN A PHD PROGRAM: A ROMANIAN STUDENT S TESTIMONIAL It became clear that as a

14 Jean Chambaz, Chairman EUA-CDE (ORPHEUS is an Associate Member of the Council for Doctoral Education - European University Association; CDE- EUA)

15 Catherine Sautes-Fridman, President European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS) It is obvious that scientific societies could facilitate the organization of joint PhD programmes by funding students travels and organizing joint courses with universities for instance. We need to create tools, build networks and get to know each other better in order to enable and facilitate such productive collaborations. Eeva Moilanen, President The Federation of European Pharmacological Societies Daniela Corda Chair of the FEBS Working Group on the career of young scientists

We need to create tools, build networks and get to know each other better in order to enable and facilitate such productive collaborations.

16 THE ADVANCEMENT OF EUROPEAN BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCE PHD EDUCATION BY COOPERATIVE NETWORKING: A CONSENSUS DOCUMENT FROM ORPHEUS Convened in Vienna on 8-10 April 2010 (hereafter referred to as the "ORPHEUS Vienna Consensus") Mobility is an integral part of doctoral education at many universities. Higher education institutions should support enhanced mobility at doctoral level within the framework of interinstitutional collaboration as an element of their broader international strategy. (Bologna Seminar 2006). The 5 th ORPHEUS 2010 Conference in Vienna, with 196 participants, representing 114 institutions from 39 countries discussed and reached the following consensus: Mobility of PhD students and supervisors is one of the core elements of the Bologna Process. Developing international cooperation and networking is necessary to enhance the quality of PhD education and research, and to increase competitiveness of PhD education in Europe. Many countries in Europe are still not adequately integrated within the European area of health research and are not adequately visible in on-line data bases. In smaller universities critical mass that ensures quality can be obtained through wider cooperation and networking. International cooperation and networking between universities and with other scientific institutions, international scientific associations, and industry are prerequisites for overcoming isolation.

Higher education institutions should support enhanced mobility at doctoral level within the framework of interinstitutional collaboration as an element of their broader international strategy.

17 ORPHEUS ORganisation for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences in the EUropean System ELECTIONS: 2007 and Zdravko Lackovic (Zagreb) - President; 2. David Gordon (Copenhagen) - Vice-President; 3. Seppo Meri (Helsinki) General Secretary 4. Jadranka Bozikov (Zagreb) - (Treasurer ); 5. Miroslav Cervinka (Hradec Kralowe) 6. Guenther Gell (Graz); 7. Petr Hach (Prag); 8. Jadwiga Mirecka (Krakow) 9. Michael John Mulvany (Aarhus) 10. Osman Sinanovic (Tuzla); 11. Raffaella M. Crinelli (Stockholm) - (PhD candidates representative); 12. Irena Misevicienė (Kaunas) - (Secretary ); 13. Dr. Vincenzo Costigliola (EMA, Bruxelles) 14. Hannes Stockinger (Vienna) ( ); 15. László Vécsei (Szeged) 1. Zdravko Lackovic (Zagreb) - President; 2. Michael John Mulvany (Aarhus)(2007-) Vice- President 3. Seppo Meri (Helsinki) General Secretary (2007-) 4. Guenther Gell (Graz);Treasurer, 5. Miroslav Cervinka (Hradec Kralowe) (2009-) 6. David Gordon (Copenhagen) - 7. Gul Guner-Akdogan (Izmir) (2010-) 8. Konstantin Gurevich (Moscow) (2010-) 9. Petr Hach (Prague) 10. Jadwiga Mirecka (Krakow) (2007-): 11. Osman Sinanovic (Tuzla) 12. Chris Van Schavendijk (Brussels) (2010 -) Novi članovi

Guenther Gell (Graz); 7. Petr Hach (Prag); 8. Jadwiga Mirecka (Krakow) 9. Michael John Mulvany (Aarhus) 10. Osman Sinanovic (Tuzla); 11. Raffaella M.

18 Sixth ORPHEUS 2011 Conference, Izmir Dokuz Eylül University, April IMPLEMENTING STANDDARS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT (development of ORPHEUS basic quality indicators)

Towards Standards for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences

Towards Standards for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences A position paper from ORPHEUS Prepared during ORPHEUS 2009: Fourth European Conference 23-25 April 2009 Aarhus University, Denmark