Discovery of an Aneurysm Following a Motorcycle Accident. Maya Babu, MSIII Gillian Lieberman, M.D.

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1 Discovery of an Aneurysm Following a Motorcycle Accident Maya Babu, MSIII Gillian Lieberman, M.D.

2 Patient CC: July yo male transferred to the BI from an OSH s/p motorcycle crash w/o a helmet CC was thrown from his motorcycle into a fence at 65 MPH GCS of 6 on scene; moving all 4 extremities Pt intubated at the scene Massive head and facial trauma noted At the BI: VSS, GCS 11T

3 The list of potential traumatic injuries is extensive. Therefore, let s limit our discussion to head trauma

4 Possible Head Injuries?

5 DDx of Head Trauma Intracranial Hemorrhage Subdural Hematoma Epidural Hematoma Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Brain Contusion Pneumocephalus Diffuse Axonal Injury Secondary Effects: Edema Brain Herniation Ischemic Infarction Hydrocephalus Foreign Bodies Skull Fractures

6 Radiologic Evaluation: Head Trauma CT w/o Contrast Acute Hemorrhage, Skull Fractures, Foreign Bodies CTA Visualizing vessels MRI Edema, Diffuse Axonal Injuries MRA Dissections Angiography For therapeutic intervention Radiographs (historical; included for completeness) Skull Fractures

7 Patient CC: Axial CT w/o Contrast Contusion Subdural Hematoma in the Midline Falx Subcutaneous Air Skull Fracture Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Parietal Subdural Hematoma Source: BIDMC, PACS

8 Patient CC: Axial CT w/o Contrast Subcutaneous Air Focal Bleed: Likely Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Pooling of Blood in the Basilar Cistern Source: BIDMC, PACS

9 Anatomy Source: Lange s Clinical Neurology 2005

10 What is an aneurysm?

11 Cerebral Aneurysm: Definition Dilatation, bulging, or ballooning of part of the wall of an artery in the brain Can occur at any age; much more common in adults than in children Slightly more common in women than men Source:

12 Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm: Symptoms Source: Symptoms depend on size and rate of growth: Small (<11mm): generally asymptomatic Large (11-25 mm) and Giant (>25mm) aneurysms with steady growth: loss of feeling in the face, problems with the eyes, etc. Typical description when ruptures: worst headache of my life

13 Risk Factors for Developing Aneurysms Risk factors: Smoking Family History of Brain Aneurysms Inherited Disorders: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Polycystic Kidney Disease Marfan's Syndrome Source: NEJM

14 CT Menu of Tests: Unruptured Radiologic Evaluation: Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Cerebral Aneurysm Often an incidental discovery CTA To visualize vasculature MRA If concern of dissection Angiography Typically combined with therapeutic intervention

15 Patient CC: Axial CTA w/contrast 4 months later Middle Cerebral Arteries Central Opacification of the Aneurysm with Surrounding Thrombosis Source: BIDMC, PACS

16 Patient CC: Axial CTA w/contrast 4 months later Central Opacification of the Aneurysm with Surrounding Thrombosis Source: BIDMC, PACS

17 Patient CC: CT 3-D Reconstruction 4 months later Posterior Oblique View of the Circle of Willis Source: BIDMC, PACS

18 Patient CC: CT 3-D Reconstruction 4 months later Left Lateral View of the Circle of Willis Source: BIDMC, PACS

19 Our Patient s Aneurysm is Located at the Junction Between the Anterior Communicating Artery and the Left Anterior Cerebral Artery. Let s Look at More Images of Our Patient s Aneurysm

20 Patient CC: Angiogram 4 months later Frontal View Following Contrast Injection into the Left Common Carotid Artery Source: BIDMC, PACS

21 Patient CC: Angiogram 4 months later Frontal View Following Contrast Injection into the Right Common Carotid Artery Source: BIDMC, PACS

22 Patient CC: Axial MRA Source Data Image 4 months later Mixed Signal Intensity Suggestive of a Partially Thrombosed Aneurysm Source: BIDMC, PACS

23 Patient CC: Time-of-Flight MRA 4 months later Posterior Oblique View of a Maximum Intensity Projection of the Circle of Willis Our Patient s Aneurysm is Difficult to Visualize! Why? This is Likely Due to Poor Flow Through the Partially Thrombosed Aneurysm Source: BIDMC, PACS

24 Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: Treatment Source: NEJM Source: Surgical Clipping Micro-coil Thrombosis

25 Coiling Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization introduced in 1991 Soft and flexible microcoiled platinum wire with intrinsic helical memory GDC embolization involves transarterial delivery via microcatheter Source: NEJM

26 Patient CC: Angiogram s/p Coiling 6 months later Left Lateral Oblique View with Contrast Injection into the Left Common Carotid Artery Source: BIDMC, PACS

27 Patient CC: Review Trauma CT w/o Contrast and Discovery of Aneurysm Follow-up Imaging: CTA, MRA, Angiography Therapeutic Intervention: Angiography with Microcoil Thrombosis

28 Acknowledgments Dr. Jonathan Kleefield Dr. Alice Fisher Dr. Anne-Catherine Kim Dr. Gillian Lieberman Maria Levantakis

29 Main References Ropper, AH and Brown, RH. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 8th Edition Molyneux A, Kerr R; International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group, Stratton I, Sandercock P, Clarke M, Shrimpton J, Holman R. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomized trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis Nov-Dec;11(6): Vernooij, MJ; Ikram,MA; Tanghe, HL; Vincent, AJ; Hofman, A;. Krestin, GP; Niessen,WJ; Breteler, MB; Lugt, A. Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N Engl J Med Nov 1;357(18): Qureshi AI, Janardhan V, Hanel RA, Lanzino G. Comparison of endovascular and surgical treatments for intracranial aneurysms: an evidence-based review. Lancet Neurol Sep;6(9):

What You Should Know About Cerebral Aneurysms

What You Should Know About Cerebral Aneurysms From the Cerebrovascular Imaging and Interventions Committee of the American Heart Association Cardiovascular Radiology Council Randall T. Higashida, M.D.,