2014 ol in tr Drug Con

Transcription

1 Drug Control in 214 1

2 Design & Print: Niktasvir Publishing March 215

3 Drug Control in 214

4 Table of Contents Introduction...8 Executive summary...1 Strategy and action plans...12 Laws and regulations...14 Drug Control in Chapter one: primary prevention...15 Prevention policies...16 Expounding the plans and credits of cultural and prevention organizations in Allotted budgets to relevant organizations...17 DCHQ has allocated extra funds to execute the plans as below:...16 DCHQ has allocated extra funds to organize the meetings and preparing training packages as below:...17 DCHQ has allocated extra funds to implements preventive plans...21 The most contacts were between 17 through 2 p.m. (it varies in different months)...23 The ways of getting informed of drug addiction hot line include:...23 DCHQ has allocated extra funds to hold sport festivals and seminars as below:...21 Assistance to hold workshops and to prepare training packages...25 DCHQ has allocated extra funds to execute prevention projects/seminars and to prepare training packages as following:...25 Assistance to organize training workshops, prevention forums and preparing training packages...26 Implementing prevention program and training workshop...28 Extra funds to organize courses to educate staff, workshops and to produce training packages...3 Major prevention joint projects with UNODC in 214:...31 Studying and documenting HIV prevention programs in prisons...31 A summary report of prevention performance in Measures by Public Relations Office...33 TV and radio programs...33 Movies and documentaries...33 Publications...33 Prevention performance report in the first eight - month of Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction...35 Drug abuse related infectious diseases...39 Drug abuse related mortality...41 The distribution of absolute and relative frequency of illicit drugs related deaths in Iranian provinces (213)...42 Demand for treatment...43 Treatment methods...44 A comparison of drug abuse treatment centers (29 214)...44 Drop-in centers and outreach teams...45 The performance of domestic treatment and harm reduction centers (214)...45 Harm reduction programs...46 The comparison of patients under treatment and harm reduction measures (29 214)...46 The role of nongovernmental, private and public organizations...46 Preliminary agreements with drug abuse centers syndicate...46 The report of six month measures by Ministry of Health in the field of treatment and social supports...47

5 Extra funds to establish and continuation of actions by drop-in (DIC) centers...47 Extra funds to the continuation of actions by outreach teams...47 treatment and harm reduction statistics (the first half of 214) by Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education on drug abuse treatment services...47 Harm reduction service in drop in centers (DIC)...48 Major joint projects with UNODC Office on demand reduction...48 Chapter three: supply reduction...5 Fighting against illicit drugs entrance and supply...51 Constructed barriers in Iranian eastern border...52 Forecasting regional and domestic situation...55 Controlling precursor chemicals...55 Alternative operation...56 The statistics of the second phase of alternative operation in target customs (Shahid Rajaei, Dughrun, Mirjaveh and Khosravi) June 26 - July The statistics of the second phase of alternative operation in target customs (Shahid Rajaei, Dughrun, Mirjaveh and Khosravi) September, The statistics of the third phase of alternative operation in target customs...57 Anti-Narcotics Police performance report in controlling triad drugs...57 The list of risk indicators used in this operation:...59 Concerning other initiatives taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran, one can point out below ones:...6 Amphetamines...6 Sun operation...6 Industrial substances...61 Combating money laundering...61 Major joint projects with UNODC Office on supply reduction...61 Formulating executive recipe on article 4 Anti Narcotics law...61 Installing wind scanners...62 Training border guards and customs evaluators...62 Drug Control in Chapter four: protecting drug addicts and recovered...63 Community Return Program (CRP)...64 The report by the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare...64 Measures by Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare in provinces...64 The performance report by Technical and Vocational Organization...65 Qualitative performance and operational items...65 Decisions taken in a session with Charity Association (school maker and health charitable)...66 Chapter five: social approach...67 The impact of adopting a social approach on different areas of campaign...69 Paying attention to social affairs: a starting point!...69 The components of anti narcotics socialization in demand reduction and control...69 Social capital concept...7 These two concepts have close relations...7

6 Chapter six: supporting the women...71 The objectives of the Committee:...72 Strategic goals...73 The functions of the committee...73 Members of the Committee...74 The number of meetings...74 Drug Control in Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign...77 NGOs definition...78 The advantages of NGOs...78 Raising social capital and NGOs...78 Actions by NGOs...79 Briefing/specialized session of practitioners in countrywide public contributions development...79 Registering NGOs information in Anti Narcotics National System...8 A meeting between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Social workers...8 A meeting between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Friday Pray Imams in Tehran Province...8 Formulating the draft of a MOU between DCHQ and Tehran Mosques Affairs Center...8 Planning to organize a seminar of protecting the recovered addicts...82 Formulating appraisal indicators for provinces...82 Financial assistance to anti narcotic NGOs...83 Provincial travels by Office s experts...84 Contribution in devising informal residential plan in Sabzevar...84 Census of active anti narcotic NGOs...85 The frameworks to fascinate public contributions...85 The status of public contribution in the draft of treatment and social support document...85 The most recent status of activities by NGOs in illicit drugs and psychotropic substances demand reduction...86 Measures taken to realize effective participation of people and NGOs in public contribution development process...86 The second regional Seminar on Networking NGOs in Harm and Demand Reduction fields...87 Participants...87 The general aims of the second seminar:...87 Lecturers:...88 Achievements:...89 Selecting I. R. of Iran as the network general manager and treasurer...89 Selecting I. R. of Iran as the venue of secretariat...89 Modifying and approving letter of association...9 NGOs seminar by the attendance of Iranian President...9 Financial Assistance to anti narcotic NGOs...9 Registering NGOs information in Anti Narcotics National System...91 The most recent status of activities by anti narcotics NGOs...92 Brainstorm meetings with Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Social workers to build the context and using social capacities in controlling and reducing illicit drugs and psychotropic substances...92 Formulating the draft of a MOU between DCHQ and Tehran Mosques Affairs Center...92

7 Chapter eight: research...94 The list of 22 research projects:...95 The list of research - scientific sessions in Sexual side effects of amphetamines abuse in men, 14 participants...96 Drug analysis method using fingerprints, 75 participants...96 Evaluating ice impurities, 92 participants...97 Neuropsychological side effects of methamphetamine, 61 participants...97 Assist gaining accreditation in Iran, 53 participants...97 National assessment of mental health and drug use, 65 participants...98 Social works and discipline seminar, 25 participants...98 Seminar by Ministry of Welfare, 25 participants...99 Scientific seminar by Iranian Sociology Association, 154 participants...99 Roundtable on professional illicit drug campaign, 1 participants...99 Specialized roundtable for Police instructors, 2 participants...99 The list of published books and quarterly journals:...99 Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal: 14,8 volumes...99 Social Welfare Quarterly: 12, volumes...99 Books:...99 Organizing training courses...1 Organizing MPG training course:...1 The list of supported dissertations...1 Chapter nine: regional and international cooperation...14 Annual meeting of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) in Vienna:...15 Meeting of Caspian Sea Littoral States (focal points) in Astra Khan, Russia:...15 The eleventh advisory and policy-making meeting of Paris Pact in Vienna:...15 Advisory session on organizing UN Special assembly in Vienna: th meeting of the Sub-commission on Narcotic Drugs in the Middle East and Near in Vienna:...16 HONLEA meeting in Thailand:...16 Follow-up Conference on the obligations of in Neighborliness Conference in Kabul:...16 The sixth regional workgroup on precursors in Kazakhstan:...16 Roundtable on precursors trafficking through Iraq in Vienna:...16 The First regional session of prosecutors in Kazakhstan:...17 Session on policymaking to execute addiction prevention programs in Kazakhstan:...17 The second regional workgroup to combat illegal applications of economic funds and exchanges in Kyrgyzstan:...17 Regional workshop to promote regional cooperation on controlled delivery and joint research groups in Dushanbe:he framework of Tehran s triangular initiative: th session of senior officials of triangular initiative in Tehran:...18 Anti money laundering training workshop in Bucharest:...18 Bilateral cooperation...18 Meeting and Visits...19 Cooperation with UNODC office in Tehran Triangular Initiative Drug Control in 214 7

8 Introduction Drug Control in In the light of scientific and technical development, all aspects of human life are under accelerating and relentless changes. It means that today human s awareness should be supplemented and updated constantly in consistent with such accelerating transformation in all areas including drug addiction and its destructive social and economic consequences since this phenomenon is transforming in terms of its apparent format and destructive outcomes due to the impetus of death traffickers. To the same reasons, illicit drug trafficking abuse is, inter alia, an issue that producing and disseminating information about them in any extent is faced with excessive tardiness compared to the needs of the society. Most drug addicts believe that the main reason of their drug dependency is lack of information on its ramifications and consequences. Likewise, police and security forces always report that lack of information is the main reason of not detecting and arresting illicit drug traffickers and gangs. Most importantly, scientists are looking for identifying the reasons of people s propensity to drug abuse and its destructive outcomes in societies which indicate information deficit in this regard. Therefore, publishing books and materials like present report can throw light on a dark part of drug trafficking and addiction problem in this part of the world despite of its limitation in subjects and pages and pave the way for connoisseurs to achieve analytical information based on realities in the context of the society to improve their information about a problem to which all are concurring. This is a report on activities and measures taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 213 as the sequel of previous annual reports. In addition to registering the measures which can be used a basis for many studies; it can act as a system to clarify the activities in different field. Put it more clearly, by present report, one can observe inclinations and predispositions to each aspect on drug campaign such as supply and demand reduction programs and to assess the amount of successes in each aspect and the reasons of failures in some events. This report can be respected in terms of scientific methodology and data generation since it has not ignored figures and statistics in elucidating the problems and

9 relevant measures and has also made it possible to compare with past situation, current assumptions and desired status. In many cases, the report has attempted to purse a critical approach. For instance, a part of the report addresses to the reasons of legal failures, inadequacies and gaps as well as the deficiencies of executive recipes and manuals. Obviously, each specialized field should fully aware activities related to its terms of reference while observing these activities in a new format would draw a comprehensive and thorough image of situation and would finally led into a vantage point. Fortunately, feedbacks on different fields including demand reduction in 213 indicate that previous reports have been able to elucidate the problem to some extent. Hopefully, present report on the measures and initiatives taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran in past year gathered by probing DCHQ policies and reviewing the efforts by governmental and non-governmental organization can be used like previous ones and can be confronted by critical and reforming opinions and ideas of anti narcotics practitioners in its different fields and other audiences. Drug Control in Dr. Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli Minister of Interior and Secretary General Drug Control Headquarters

10 Executive summary Drug Control in The Strategy of drug control headquarters is persistence of general policy and lays out practical steps that can reduce drug use and its consequences. To achieve these goals the DCHQ have fulfilled the early intervention opportunities in health care, treatment for substance use disorders into health care, and supporting recovery, Breaking the cycle of drug use, crime, delinquency, and incarceration,disrupting domestic drug trafficking and production, Improving information systems to better analyze of situation and Strengthening international partnerships. Primary prevention comprehensive document is the roadmap of the country in addiction primary prevention field and include radical activities to mitigate drug addiction through covering at least 4% of national population by prevention standard plans during national development fifth plan ( ) by conducting public and optional balanced prevention interventions relied upon evidences and determining the share and contribution of governmental and nongovernmental organizations by respecting cultural, religious, social, economic and sexual differences in a permanent and sustainable manner and considering the prevalence of different substances and updated changes in targeted institutions such as families, academic environments (schools and universities), workplaces, communities and society. Iran lies on the trafficking route of opiates produced in Afghanistan and has about 1,325,: 2.26% of adult population drugs users including ATS. Injecting Drug Use remains the main root for HIV transmission in Iran; to tackle this menace a comprehensive policy and wide-ranging plan are under implementation: the civil society is heavily involved in drug prevention, treatment and Harm reduction activities in Iran Over 12 million Iranians have been covered with prevention message programmes last year; Over 75, individuals in the country have received drug treatment Harm reduction services including OST, detoxification, DIC, outreach Shelter, TC, Short -term residential canters; Oral Substitution Therapy including Methadone Maintenance and Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy is widely available; Harm reduction package is available in prison and for most vulnerable groups through DICs; More than 4,5 private and around 6 public treatment and rehabilitation centers are working; More than 18 Drop in Centers and around 4 outreach teams providing services to most vulnerable groups;

11 More than 1,2 NGOs are working in the field of Drug Demand Reduction; the government actively supports relevant researches in the field drug demand reduction and provides grants for thesis in this field Strengthening intelligent and operational agencies, improving intelligent partnerships, utilizing scientific and professional equipment and fostering border fortifications yielded to seizure of over 5 tons of different types of of illicit drugs in 214. Supply reduction are directed toward enforcing the prohibition of illicit drugs particularly those that are of a high probability for abuse, including pharmaceuticals and other precursors chemicals. Reducing the supply of illicit drugs require the collaborative participation of all levels of government including law enforcement agencies health and industry sectors. Law enforcement strategies target all parts and levels of the supply chain from actions aimed at preventing importation across the border to those that target the point of supply to consumers. Interventions against drug supply include all the activities carried out by law enforcement agencies, both police and custom, at national and international level, to reduce drug supply. Socialization of counter narcotic approach is process by which people and different classes of society can contribute in different parts of illicit drug campaign and they can admire critical roles. Experts believe that socialization is the most effective approach on a multilateral campaign against illicit drugs multidimensional and complicated problem. Planning to synchronize with the policies of Women Socio-cultural Council and Woman and Family National Headquarters in the scope of DCHQ s legal missions and functions, the establishment of DCHQ Specialized Committee on Vulnerable Women and Families participated by the representatives from triad powers and both governmental and nongovernmental relevant organs and NGOs was approved. Concerning the importance of training and empowering managers and practitioners of anti-narcotics active NGOs and based on relevant recipe, organizing 3 educational workshops (19 workshops by anti-narcotics coordination councils and 11 ones by national NGOs) are predicted and it was decided to organize these workshops in the first eight months of 214. By decisive belief in the necessity of regional and international cooperation in fighting against illicit drugs and to implement a balanced anti narcotics strategy, Islamic Republic of Iran has attempted to expand and develop interaction by active participation in regional and international illicit drug sessions and has paved the way for joint interventions in mutual, regional, trans-regional and international levels. Drug Control in

12 Strategy and action plans Drug Control in Provided scientific-based evidence shows how progressive an integrated, multidisciplinary, mutually reinforcing and balanced approach to supply and demand reduction strategies is an effective way to reduce the harm caused by drugs to people and societies. In this regard, while underlining the need to strive for further synergies at the international, regional, sub regional and bi-lateral levels, Drug Control Headquarter with a view to prevent and limit the drug related risks is driving forward in the framework of the National Strategy which focus on the problem, holistically from early intervention, addict treatment and social reintegration to breaking the cycle of drug mafia through improving information systems aimed at better analyze of situation. The Drug Report 214 is provided based on several preceding program undertaken by the DCHQ and its national stakeholders aimed to outline a coherent program of work focused on defined outcomes based on following strategic outlines: 1. Broad - based and decisive campaign against all illegal operations and activities on illicit drugs, psychotropic substance and precursors including cultivation, prosecution, importation, exportation, stockpiling, fostering, developing, equipping and using information, military, police and judicial facilities to identify, prosecute and dismantle different gangs and to fight against main national and international agents related to illicit drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors; 2. Strengthening, equipping and developing relevant units and mechanization of control and intelligence systems to control national borders and entry points, preventing illegal initiatives related to illicit drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors and promoting the specialized structure of drug control in Police and other relevant agencies; 3. Adopting preventive measures to counter the harms and threats emanating from illicit drugs and psychotropic substances by making use of governmental and nongovernmental facilities and by emphasizing on public religious beliefs, cultural, artistic, athletic and educational activities and campaigns in homes, workplaces, schools and cultural ad public places; 4. Criminalizing the consumption of illicit drugs and psychotropic substances and precursors with the exception of scientific, medical and industrial and approved plans on treatment and harm reduction; 5. Creating and developing public facilities for diagnosis, treatment and rehabili-

13 tation and adopting thorough and comprehensive scientific arrangements pursuing the following objectives: a. Drug Treatment and rehabilitation b. Harm reduction; c. Preventing a change in consumption pattern from low risk substances to high risk ones; 6. Adopting necessary arrangements for offering social supports to drug addicts who have quit their addiction to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances such as providing job opportunities, leisure time, counseling and medical services as well as legal and social supports for those individuals who have undergone rehabilitation and their own families; 7. Paving the way for joint measures to prevent illicit drugs transition; 8. Adopting necessary arrangements for active participation by the public and households in the fields of prevention harm reduction and treatment of addicts; 9. Developing basic and applied and developmental researches in the field of fighting against narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and prevention and treatment of addicts on the basis of the latest methods and making use of relevant technical and scientific capacities in the country; 1. Promoting and revising the structure involved in the campaign against narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances to materialize the general policies of the system and to accelerate the implementation of measures and to create coordination in adopting operational policies as well as all executive, judicial and legal activities. 11- Promoting regional and international diplomacy with regard to the issue of illicit drugs and psychotropic substances; A) having a target oriented approach; B) Offering active contribution in decision-makings and related measures; C) Making use of technical, logistical and economic experiences of other countries and international organizations; D) Paving the way for joint measures in order to prevent drug transit; Drug Control in

14 Drug Control in 214 Laws and regulations National initiatives Amending current laws and formulating Anti Narcotics Act of the Islamic Republic of Iran aimed at striking financial foundations of illicit drug smugglers Studying the effectiveness of illicit drug and psychotropic substance punishments Following up the approval of a by law on addicts post-treatment care notified by Judiciary Chief; Following up and taking necessary measures on cavils to Anti Narcotics Act approved by Expediency Council (21); Updating the recipe of legal department and its notification; Following up and taking necessary measures and making decisions on the pilgrims Holy Places; Following up confiscation of proceeds of a same crime by Judiciary Chief; Promoting alternative punishments, etc 14

15 Chapter one: primary prevention Drug Control in 214

16 Drug Control in 214 primary prevention Prevention policies Primary prevention comprehensive document is the roadmap of the country in addiction primary prevent ion field and include radical activities to mitigate drug addiction through covering at least 4% of national population by prevention standard plans during national development fifth plan ( ) by conducting public and optional balanced prevention interventions relied upon evidences and determining the share and contribution of governmental and nongovernmental organizations by respecting cultural, religious, social, economic and sexual differences in a permanent and sustainable manner and considering the prevalence of different substances and updated changes in targeted institutions such as families, academic environments (schools and universities), workplaces, communities and society. What respected here is to strengthen and develop providing primary prevention services to these targeted institutions including public awareness, teaching life skills, parenting, life style training, counseling services, fostering substitution measures, media operations by respecting social marketing and paying attention to the principle of appraising the initiatives. 16 Expounding the plans and credits of cultural and prevention organizations in 214 In terms of taken measures and the article of drug addiction primary prevention comprehensive document, it was decided that in 214, the plans of cultural and preventive organizations can be realized in the framework of a MOU and by respecting law orientation, avoiding parallel works, decentralization and paying attention to provinces, sectional and cross sectional coordination and cooperation, paying attention to targeted institutions such as families, academic center (schools & universities), neighborhoods, workplace (administrative, military, labor), and using other national capacities and by approving a budget of 19 billion Rials from the total budget of DCHQ allotted to 13 cultural entities. On this basis, receiving organizations include Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, State Welfare Organization, State Prisons and corrective Measures Organization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology,

17 Ministry of Sports and Youths, Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, Martyrs Foundation, Islamic Propagation Organization, Red Crescent of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Allotted budgets to relevant organizations Organization Budget (214) in million Rials Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education 7, State Welfare Organization 45, State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization 5, Ministry of Education 7, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology 25, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance 5, Basij Resistance Force 13, Chapter one: primary prevention 17 Ministry of Sports and Youths 5, Imam Khomeini Relief Committee 5, Martyrs Foundation 2, Islamic Propagation Organization 4, Red Crescent of the Islamic Republic of Iran 3, Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare 3, Total sum 192,

18 Drug Control in (a) Prevention in Ministry of Education DCHQ has allocated extra funds to execute the plans as below: Risk free schools for public high school students (grade 7) through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Training countering skills for public high school students (grade 7) through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Community based caring schools for all students (elementary and secondary) through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Training self - caring skills for elementary school students (especially grade 6) through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Home and school cooperation plan for elementary school students (grade 1) through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Educational and psycho social package for high school students through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Educational and psycho social interventions on high risk students for public high school students through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Educational and psycho social interventions and instructional supervising training for high risk students in public high schools through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces;

19 DCHQ has allocated extra funds to organize the meetings and preparing training packages as below: life skill training, styles of parenting and primary prevention methods for students parents in all educational levels through Training and Education Directorates of provinces by the collaboration of parents and teachers associations in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Training workshop for establishing effective relationship with students, detecting protective and risk factors and primary prevention methods for the employees of schools in all educational levels through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document by prioritizing high risk and vulnerable regions in all provinces; Relevant connoisseurs of primary prevention in the levels of social harms directorate heads, active experts in directorates, boroughs, regions and schools executing prevention plans of this MOU in all provinces through Training and Education Directorates of provinces; Holding healthy teenager student festival through calls for papers, photos, paintings, wall journals, short films, software and multimedia on the symptoms and ramifications of drug consumption by emphasis on primary prevention (i.e. posters, judgments, prizes, etc.) for governmental high school students through Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document; Holding healthy teenager student festival in order to select and acknowledge the bests in provincial festivals among winners in papers, photos, paintings, wall journals, short films, software and multimedia in each province (article 12 of the MOU) as well as appraising 32 active experts in primary prevention (one expert in each province) through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Preparing a training brochure for distribution in training workshop in terms of article 9 of the MOU through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Chapter one: primary prevention 19

20 Drug Control in Preparing training packages (handbooks and CDs) for distribution in training workshop in terms of article 1 of the MOU through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Planning and taking preliminary measures to execute standing on my feet program through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Organizing specialized session for the heads of social harms offices in Training and Education Directorates of provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Preparing and distributing six internal modern prevention journals aimed at public awareness and promoting the levels of awareness on primary prevention methods separately for three target groups including teachers and parents of all students in public schools for distribution throughout the country in line with primary prevention comprehensive document through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Formulating effective appraisal system and executing effectiveness assessment of article 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the MOU in line with primary prevention comprehensive document through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Expanding a mobile exhibition on consumption prevention for distribution and organizing an exhibition in secondary schools in line with primary prevention comprehensive document through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ; Devising a primary prevention curriculum in elementary and secondary schools by the cooperation of Training Directorate of Ministry of Education to execute it in educational year in line with primary prevention comprehensive document through Physical Education and Health Directorate of Ministry of Education and the approval by Cultural and Prevention Office of DCHQ;

21 .1. Main prevention measures for target student groups in 213 are as below: Healthy students (public level prevention through such plans as risk free schools, skills for countering drugs, community based caring school, self caring skills) for students in all educational level (1,564,59 students); High risk students (case-by-case prevention) for secondary students (51,58 students).2. Main prevention measures for target students parent groups are as below: Organizing parenting, life skills and primary prevention meetings (1,255,149 persons).3. Main prevention measures for target school teacher/staff groups are as below: Organizing training workshops to establish effective relationship with students, detecting protective and risk factors and primary prevention methods (165,984 persons).4. Preparing training packages for students parents and teachers (386,127 packages. (b) Prevention in State Welfare Organization DCHQ has allocated extra funds to implements preventive plans Implementing community based preventive activities by emphasis on promoting public awareness and knowledge of all society s classes on symptoms and consequences of illicit drug abuse in urban neighborhoods of all provinces with the priority of all marginal areas and high risk individuals in line with primary prevention comprehensive document; Implementing community based preventive activities by emphasis on promoting public awareness and knowledge of all society s classes on symptoms and consequences of illicit drug abuse in rural neighborhoods of all provinces with the priority of all marginal areas and high risk individuals in line with primary prevention comprehensive document; Implementing community based preventive activities by emphasis on promoting public awareness and knowledge of all society s classes on symptoms and consequences of illicit drug abuse in workplaces (industrial, labor, military and administrative) of all provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document and by utilizing the capacities of Social Chapter one: primary prevention 21

22 Drug Control in Directorate of Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare; Implementing the project for immunizing kindergartens against addictive substances (prevention by emphasis on promoting public awareness and knowledge of parents and instructors in all provinces; Implementing home and school cooperation program empirically in kindergartens affiliated by Welfare organization through provincial Welfare Directorates in line with primary prevention comprehensive document at one kindergarten in high risk and vulnerable areas of the capital of provinces throughout the country; Improving and strengthening community based preventive activities by emphasis on promoting public awareness and knowledge of all society s classes on symptoms and consequences of illicit drug abuse in urban neighborhoods of Asalouyeh special zone in a concentrated way by Addiction Prevention and Treatment Directorate of State Welfare Organization s Prevention Development Center; Standardizing community based preventive activities in urban and rural neighborhoods, workplaces and kindergartens (devising a pattern for training and educating instructors, organizing workshops and plan establishment) in a concentrated way by Addiction Prevention and Treatment Directorate of State Welfare Organization s Prevention Development Center; Organizing a seminar on providing findings and assessing media campaigns on crystal consumption prevention and acknowledging the provinces that organized such campaign in 213 and 214; holding a seminar on community based approach development association (ATRAK) in a concentrated way by Addiction Prevention and Treatment Directorate of State Welfare Organization s Prevention Development Center; Designing and establishing community based preventive activities in urban and rural neighborhoods, workplaces and kindergartens (i.e. specialized meetings with process owner as well as devising a check list and recipe) in a concentrated way by Addiction Prevention and Treatment Directorate of State Welfare Organization s Prevention Development Center; Continuing the operation of national drug addiction consulting hot line (9628) via a preventive approach in a concentrated way by Welfare Organization s Prevention Development Center; Extending the annual contract of national drug addiction consulting hot line (9628) directly by Welfare Organization s Prevention Development

23 Center The performance of drug addiction consulting hot line in the first half of 214: Total contacts were 171,639 of which 164,96 contracts (over 95%) are responded. 83% and 17% of callers were female and male respectively. 16% of them were drug abusers while 84% were non-abusers. Most con tacts were by drug abusers wives and mothers Concerning the questions, the highest frequencies were crystal (48%), opium (21%), heroin (5%) and crack (3%). The main raised requests were: (a) Arresting individuals due to the problems from their drug abuse (b) Referring them to compulsory camps (c) Asking guidance on the shape, signs and symptoms of consumed drugs especially new ones (by families) (d) Awareness on how to help addict by parents, wife and other relatives and their tendencies for drug acquittal (e) Questions on mid-term accommodation centers (f) Crystal treatment center Chapter one: primary prevention The most contacts were between 17 through 2 p.m. (it varies in different months) About 2% of contacts were repetitive and for receiving more information or keeping on the consultancy. Most contacts were from Tehran (77%) followed by Mazandaran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorassan Razavi and Gilan provinces. The average time of consultancy time span was 3 minutes. Average holding time was 8.9 seconds. Average consultancy time was 2.3 minutes. 23 The ways of getting informed of drug addiction hot line include: National media (37%), crystal media campaign brochures (29%), friends and acquaintances (17%), public awareness, Police (16%), Welfare hot line (123) (12%), hot line (148) (1%), radio (8%), hot line (118) (4%), internet websites (4%), Drug Control Headquarters (DCHQ) (4%) and press (3%)

24 Drug Control in (c) Prevention in Ministry of Sports and Youths DCHQ has allocated extra funds to hold sport festivals and seminars as below: Sport festivals for all society s classes aimed at primary prevention in such provinces as South Khorassan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Hormozgan, Kermanshah, Fars, North Khorassan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyrahmad and Khorassan Razavi in line with primary prevention comprehensive document National sport festival in Tehran for all society s classes by a drug addiction prevention approach Festivals on family ropewalking, walking, cycling and climbing by a drug addiction prevention approach in line with primary prevention comprehensive document in such provinces as North Khorassan, Fars, Khuzestan, South Khorassan, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchistan, West Azerbaijan, Hormozgan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Golestan, Hamadan, Mazandaran and Khorassan Razavi Primary prevention training workshop for sport coaches in all provinces of the country in line with primary prevention comprehensive document Training employees of Sport and Youths Directorates through training CDs in all provinces of the country Rural sport homes project in 1 villages at Sistan and Baluchistan, Khorassan Razavi, North Khorassan and South Khorassan (1) Following to a meeting with relevant authorities in Ministry of Sports and Youths and sending relevant proposal to be studied and commented by Anti Narcotic Harmonization Councils in above four provinces, 25 villages were recognized in each province in terms of indicators, priorities and aims mentioned in the proposal. (2) Following to agreements with relevant authorities in Ministry of Sports and Youths, it was decided that relevant items to be investigated by workgroup consisting of representatives from DCHQ Cultural and Prevention Office, Public Sport Development and Rural Sports Office of Ministry of sports and Youths, Rural and Local Sports and Games Federation and relevant federations in these four provinces. Since workgroups have provided their viewpoints on some villages, the relevant list is resubmitted to the representatives of Rural Sports Federation to be revised by them.

25 (3) Since full documents of relevant villages in all four provinces are received, it was decided that Rural and Local Sports and Games Federation purchases needed equipment in a concentrated way. Obviously, Anti Narcotic Harmonization Councils secretaries would supervise on executing the plans, documentations and reports. (d) Prevention in the Red Crescent Society of the I. R. of Iran Assistance to hold workshops and to prepare training packages Drug addiction primary prevention, life skills and healthy life style in a plan titled promoting the health of the society with the participation of voluntary youths and local community for youths in such provinces as Golestan, North Khorassan, South Khorassan, Kurdistan, Alborz, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Yazd, Fars, Sistan and Baluchistan, Semnan and Ilam in line with primary prevention comprehensive document; Assistance to disseminate training packages for the employees of the Red Crescent society in all provinces in line with primary prevention comprehensive document (e) Prevention in Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare DCHQ has allocated extra funds to execute prevention projects/seminars and to prepare training packages as following: Preventing drug addiction prevention by emphasis on promoting awareness and knowledge of labor and production community on the symptoms and consequences of illicit drug abuse in workplaces in all provinces of the country Organizing drug addiction prevention seminar for labor and production community Preparing training CDs for labor health assistants and staff in all provinces of the country Chapter one: primary prevention 25 (f) Imam Khomeini Relief committee Extra funds to implement a program for detecting risk prone families and children, crisis intervention, counseling, etc. in all provinces of the country in line with primary prevention comprehensive document Extra funds to disseminate information, life skills training and establishing

26 effective relationship with families in all provinces of the country in line with primary prevention comprehensive document (g) Prevention in Martyrs Foundation Extra funds to organize workshops and disseminating primary prevention training packages, life skills training and parenting for families and children of martyrs and war veterans in such provinces as Ardabil, Isfahan, Bushehr, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, South Khorassan, Zanjan, Qazvin, Qom, Golestan, Gilan and Mazandaran in line with primary prevention comprehensive document Drug Control in (h) Prevention in Islamic Propagation Organization Assistance to organize training workshops, prevention forums and preparing training packages Extra funds to organize drug addiction primary prevention training workshops and (Islamic lifestyle and avoiding social and addiction damages) for the propagation network affiliated by Islamic Propagation Organization aimed at educating specialized staff in line with primary prevention comprehensive document in all provinces of the country; Extra funds to organize drug addiction primary prevention training workshops and (Islamic lifestyle and avoiding social and addiction damages) for the panegyrists affiliated by Islamic Propagation Organization aimed at educating specialized staff in line with primary prevention comprehensive document in all provinces of the country; Extra funds to organize drug addiction primary prevention training workshops and (Islamic lifestyle and avoiding social and addiction damages) for the panegyrists affiliated by Islamic Propagation Organization in line with primary prevention comprehensive document and in a concentrated way through Research and Training Directorate of Islamic Propagation Organization; Extra funds to distribute training packages for the propagation network affiliated by Islamic Propagation Organization by emphasis on distribution in training workshops in terms of article 1 of the MOU in line with primary prevention comprehensive document and in a concentrated way through Research and Training Directorate of Islamic Propagation Organization; Extra funds to design, devise, produce and distribute training packages and special supervision by panegyrists with emphasis on distribution in

27 training workshops in terms of articles 2 & 3 of the MOU in line with primary prevention comprehensive document and in a concentrated way through Research and Training Directorate of Islamic Propagation Organization (i) Prevention in Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Extra funds to organize scientific congress, workshop and course and to produce training packages Organizing training workshops on life skills and drug addiction primary prevention methods special for freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors in dormitories and educational centers of public universities throughout the country by universities consultancy centers; Distributing two training packages (training content, teaching instruction, training slides)) for (a) freshmen and (b) other students with emphasis on students in dormitories; Organizing training courses to educate drug addiction primary prevention specialized staff in all provinces of the country by University of Tehran Consultancy Center; Drug addiction primary prevention connoisseurs in universities countrywide; Expanding drug addiction primary prevention programs in cyberspace (websites) through supports, technical backup and qualitative improvement of Pishgiri Novin website to provide consultative services and to establish social networks aimed at maximum attraction of audiences, information generation, knowledge generation and introducing most recent research achievements; Preparing, publishing and distributing six specialized journals (Pishgiri Novin) aimed at promoting the awareness on drug addiction primary prevention methods separately for instructors, officials, managers and experts and students ; Organizing a scientific congress on high risk behaviors (aimed at drug addiction primary prevention) and organizing an exhibition; Organizing five regional festivals and student exhibition on drug addiction primary prevention via calling for papers, photos and short movies on the symptoms and consequences of illicit drug abuse with emphasis on psychotropic substances in North Khorassan, Bushehr, Yazd, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces by the partnership of students in public universi- Chapter one: primary prevention 27

28 ties and the cooperation of Cultural and Social Directorate, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology; Collecting and preparing and disseminating different works sent by participants to secretariats of organizing universities of 15 clean university festivals in the format of a handbook and CD by Tehran Art University and the cooperation of Cultural and Social Directorate, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Drug Control in (j) Prevention in Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education Implementing prevention program and training workshop Implementing drug addiction primary prevention for students in medical universities throughout the country; Implementing drug addiction primary prevention and parenting for drug addicts families who refer to drug addiction treatment centers; Organizing a training workshop on empowering administrative staff of universities and psychologists working in treatment centers; Executing illicit drug consumption prevention program as community based intervention for teenagers and youths; Implementing an empirical program in 1 selected neighborhoods through the cooperation of Social Health Office (Mental and Social Health and Drug Addiction Office); Implementing drug addiction primary prevention for students in medical universities throughout the country; a. Implementing drug addiction primary prevention in medical universities; b. assessing drug addiction primary prevention intervention programs in five medical universities in a concentrated way through Drug Addiction Research Center, Tehran Welfare and Rehabilitation University; Implementing the plan to integrate drug addiction primary prevention in health networks system through countrywide medical universities; Implementing drug addiction primary prevention and parenting for drug addicts families who refer to drug addiction treatment centers; a. Devising an optional preventive interventional training content; b. empirical implementation of the program in five medical universities; c. assessing the program in five medical universities; Executing illicit drug consumption prevention program as community based intervention for teenagers and youths;

29 a. Devising a community based prevention program by focusing on teenagers and the youths; b. organizing training workshops empowering administrative staff of universities and psychologists working in treatment centers; c. Implementing an empirical program in 1 selected neighborhoods by the cooperation of Social Health Office (Mental and Social Health and Drug Addiction Office) through Health Directorates of Medical Universities in Gonabad, Dezful, Semnan, Fasa, Qazvin, Kerman (2 neighborhoods), Rafsanjan, Mazandaran and Hormozgan; d. assessing the program in five selected neighborhoods through the cooperation of Social Health Office (Mental and Social Health and Drug Addiction Office) Below, a brief report on taken initiatives by the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical education is provided: 1. Drug addiction prevention program for the students of medical universities is under planning and execution since past autumn. 2. A plan to integrate drug addiction primary prevention in health networks through countrywide medical universities Target group Pupils Parents Teachers Households Health liaisons Students Patients High risk individuals Meetings (QTY) Male Female Total Chapter one: primary prevention Organizing 259 prevention training workshops in the framework of integration programs for the staff of health and treatment centers by which 1486 persons passed relevant training. The content of training workshops was mainly concentrated on parenting and training life skills by focus on prevention. 4. Organizing 75 seminars in which 6279 employees of health and treatment centers were trained. 5. Organizing 112 seminars on other target groups in which persons participated.

30 6. Drug consumption prevention program for addicts families who refer to treatment centers is outsourced through Zanjan Medical University and article 1 on devising optional preventive interventional training content is under execution. 7. Drug abuse program among teenagers and youths through interventional programs in under outsourcing through Iran Medical University. Noteworthy, relevant report will be sent for Anti Narcotic Harmonization Councils in all provinces for their consideration. Drug Control in (j) Prevention in State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization Extra funds to organize courses to educate staff, workshops and to produce training packages Organizing drug addiction primary prevention training workshops and life skills for spouses of drug abusing inmates in all provinces of the country in line with primary prevention comprehensive document; Producing and distributing training packages (handbooks, brochures or CDs) on drug addiction primary prevention for spouses of drug abusing inmates in all provinces of the country in line with primary prevention comprehensive document; Organizing training courses to educate specialized staff on drug addiction primary prevention; Continuing the education of staff on drug addiction primary prevention aimed at promoting the knowledge and training of prevention experts in organizations and provinces and in terms of a concluded agreement between DCHQ Cultural and Prevention Office and University of Tehran s Students Consultancy Center to execute abovementioned training courses in all provinces of the country, it is decided to hold 38 training courses in

31 31 provinces by the cooperation of consultancy centers affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology as the main executor for 19 prevention experts at cultural organizations as well as organizing training workshops with the aim of developing drug addiction primary prevention knowledge based on observed evidences in target institutions. Major prevention joint projects with UNODC in 214: Organizing drug consumption and HIV prevention program in university for academic advisors and scholars Organizing a training session for the advisors of schools throughout the country Chapter one: primary prevention 31 Organizing a parenting educational workshop for relevant experts in State Welfare Organization, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Municipality and Police

32 A summary report of prevention performance in 213 Description Unit Performance Training Life skills and parenting styles and drug abuse prevention to families (healthy and risk prone) Person/meeting 2,125, National addiction hot line Person/response 224,45 Community based preventive program in preliminary schools Persons 524,726 Drug Control in Training necessary skills to counter drugs in public preliminary schools Program for the risk free public high schools Drug addiction preventive programs in dormitories and training and academic centers Persons Persons Persons 355, , ,31 Drug abuse prevention training at workplaces for staff and their families Persons 755,942 Drug abuse prevention training in urban and rural communities (community based or CBO) Persons 12,14,476 Production and broadcast of TV (TV series, clips, etc.) and radio programs aimed at preventing addiction Hours 1427 Preparing educational packages aimed at raising awareness in the field of prevention for all target groups Programs 4,922,125

33 Implementing joint FAST program (family and school) by the coopera tion of State Welfare Organization and Ministry of Education to empower families Studying and documenting HIV prevention programs in prisons Organizing specialized meeting and educational workshop on refining and assessing community based and school based drug abuse prevention: Extra funds to train and devise an educational package for NGOs in order to improve their executive capacities on demand reduction measures: Pilot execution of translated manual on training life skills to labor and street children Organizing a specialized meeting on drug consumption prevention international standards Measures by Public Relations Office TV and radio programs 1344 radio and 1344 TV programs in IRIB provincial centers with an approach on drug addiction prevention and socializing drug campaign are produced and broadcasted. Chapter one: primary prevention 33 Movies and documentaries These include Shock documentary, Families Should Know, Fire and Water, Towards the Sun, Glass limits, Two Faces of a Coin, Do not Touch!, Sun Clocks, Tomorrow is late, Good Beginning by IRIB channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and NASIM (breeze) as well as radio SALAMAT (health) Channel with an approach on drug addiction prevention and rising awareness on the symptoms and consequences of inclination to drugs in order to socialize drug campaign. Publications These include the publications of Clean Iran and Iran Family as the main initiatives in the field of publications.

34 Prevention performance report in the first eight - month of 214 Description Unit First eight month (214) Training Life skills and parenting styles and drug abuse prevention to families (healthy and risk prone) Persons 679,412 National addiction hot line Responses 226,528 Community based preventive program in preliminary schools Persons 59,12 Training necessary skills to counter drugs in public preliminary schools Persons 44,42 Free risk schools in public high schools Persons 47,132 Drug Control in Drug addiction preventive programs in dormitories and training and academic centers Life skills training for inmates, their families and soldiers in prisons Drug abuse prevention training at workplaces for staff and their families Persons Persons Persons 16,817 28,294 76,682 The number of civil servants who participated in approved 6 hour primary prevention training program Persons 22,79 Drug abuse prevention training in urban and rural communities (community based or CBO) Persons/cases 4,653,167 Organizing sport matches (running, cycling, neighborhood sports) and family walking with maxim of addiction free and healthy society Persons/cases 154,998 Production and broadcast of TV (TV series, clips, etc.) and radio programs aimed at preventing addiction Hour 864 Preparing educational packages aimed at raising awareness in the field of prevention for all target groups Program 14,684,366 Educating specialized manpower through organizing training and retraining courses on drug addiction primary prevention Persons 52,798

35 Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction Drug Control in 214

36 treatment and harm reduction Drug Control in The statistics by National Drug Prevalence Plan (211) by Liberal of Arts and Social Studies Research Center affiliated by Academic Jihad Organization indicated that estimated quantity of domestic drug addicts is 1,325, of whom 9.7% are men. The results of the same plan indicate that the main consumed drugs in the country include opium, crystal, crack and heroin. Opium (55.2%) is the top consumed drug followed by crystal (26.22%). 62.8% of drug addicts are married and the highest prevalence is seen in 3 39 year old age group. 52.7% of drug consumers are employed while 47.3% are unemployed. Concerning educations, 64% of the sample are under diploma, 15% have associate arts and 21% are bachelors and higher. The most important reasons of propensity to consume drugs are enjoyment and curiosity. The major consumption method is fumigation. There is a distinguished gender differences in drug abuse treatment and female abusers are treated less than males. Compared to the past, drug abuse trend is changed: on the one hand, the average year of consumers is decreased compared to previous years and, on the other hand, consumption pattern is shifting from opiate fumigation to inject heroin. Different reports by different resources and different styles indicate changes in consumed drugs and more inclination toward stimulants and psychotropic substances both singularly and simultaneous to other substances. According to DCHQ report in 21, crystal abusers occupied one third of psychiatric hospitals beds. Women are more inclined toward crustal consumption and most average contacts with national addiction hot line have been on crystal consumption in recent years. Noteworthy, over 26% of consuming population in the studied sample by addiction prevalence research (211) had reported crystal (methamphetamine) as the major substance compared to 3.6% reported in Rapid Situation Assessment (RAS) plan in Iran (27). However, one should note that it does not seem rational to compare the statistics of these years due to different sampling methods in both plans. The findings of national research on studying the risk of students suffering from drug abuse (211) among students in grade 9 as well as in high and vocational schools throughout the country indicate that 1.5% of

37 students have reported drug families by one their family members. 3.14% of sample students smoke while most of them have passed the first experience of smoking when they aged years. 9.2% of them have experienced at least one time alcoholic drinks experience. 9% of them have consumed hashish, grass or marijuana at least one time and most of them have experienced first consumption of hashish, grass or marijuana when they were % of sample group have consumed at least one time ecstasy; most of them experienced the first consumption when they aged years. 9.1% of sample students have consumed opium at least one time and most of them have experienced firs opium consumption when they were lower than 17 years. 2% of sample students consumed heroin or crack at least one time and 4% have consumed at least one time crystal when they were 16 or 17 years. The rate of consumption among male students is higher than female. The rate of consuming to cigarette, kalian and alcoholic drinks is higher than other substances. The highest frequency of the first experience is 15 years. Students in Tehran, Mazandaran, Gilan, Kermanshah, and Kurdistan have the highest frequency. In most items, students risk taking has shown growth compared to finding of national research in 23 so that students risk taking in inclination to illicit drugs is increased from half percent to one percent (doubled). It is true for cigarette, kalian and alcoholic drinks. The findings of national research on prevalence of drug abuse among the students of universities affiliated by Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and risk and protecting factor (212) among students in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels suggest that the highest drug abuse frequency is kalian (7.24%), cigarette (4.16%), alcoholic drinks (8.8%), morphine (6.2%), opium (4.2%), hashish (8.1%), crystal (1.1%), ecstasy (1%), LSD (.9%) and among medicines, the highest frequency is codeine (8.27%), diazepam (5%), tramadol (5.3%), fluoxetine (8.3%) and methadone (5.2%). Noteworthy, the prevalence rate of illicit drug and psychotropic substances consumption was 5.1% among students. Concerning all types of drugs, consumption rate among male students is higher than female ones. The consumption of most substances especially alcoholic drinks, hashish, LSD, heroin and crystal in students who live in single homes is higher that students who live in dormitories or with their families. However, drug con- Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction 37

38 Drug Control in sumption among students in dormitories is higher than local ones. Opium and hashish consumption in all three groups is higher than other hard drugs. The first experience of consuming cigarette, kalian, alcohol, hashish, ecstasy, Tramadol, LSD and Ritalin is over 17 year old and higher than other age groups while the consumption of such drugs as opium, heroin, crack, crystal, Pan Parag and Pethidine less than 12 year old is higher than age groups. In the meantime, the first experience of crystal consumption in different ages is relatively similar. Noteworthy, 72% of sample students have the first experience of smoking before university admission while 12% have reported the first experience of smoking after entering the university. 16% refused answering this item. Concerning such substances as kalian, alcoholic drinks, ecstasy, opium, heroin, crystal, Tramadol, morphine and Pethidine, the percentage of those individuals who have experienced consumption before university is higher. The growth rate of consumption among male and female students indicates that the growth of substances consumption among girls, especially industrial and new psychotropic substances is higher than males. Responses by students to items on drug abuse risk factors include: 86% of students have reported that they enjoy exciting deeds, about 35% are disappointed their future, 3% suffer from low self esteem, 21% have absurdity feeling and over 18% are not satisfied of entering the university. About 72% of students believed that their university is incapable in proper planning for their leisure time. Noteworthy, over 43% of students lacked sufficient information on narcotics. Over 27% of them believed that testing drug for one time is flawless. Findings of national research on the prevalence of drug abuse among universities affiliated by Ministry of Science, Research Technology as well as risk and protecting factors in 212 among students in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels suggest that the highest drug abuse frequency is kalian (7.28%), cigarette (4.2%), alcoholic drinks (9.11%), opium (1.3%), hashish (8.2%), morphine (5.1%), crystal (3.1%), ecstasy (3.1%), LSD (3.1%), crack (9%) and among medicines, the highest frequency is codeine (8.19%), tramadol (2.4%), diazepam (6.3%), Ritalin (2%), methadone (2%), fluoxetine (9.1%) and diphenoxylate (6.1%). The first age of consuming cigarette, kalian, hashish, Ecstasy, opium, tramadol and Ritalin was 18 year old and higher than other age groups.

39 Experiences of consumption below 12 year old was cigarette followed by ecstasy, heroin and crack which was higher than other hard drugs while the first experience of crystal consumption in over 21 year old. Noteworthy, of 1492 students who had reported cigar consumption; over 68% have experienced it before entering and 31% after entering the university. 11% refused answering this question. Students responses to drug abuse high risk factors indicate that 83% of them have reported that they enjoy exciting deeds percent of them endure high pressure and stress due to their education. Overall, 34% are disappointed of future and 46% suffer from lower self esteem. In a survey on drug abuse in Iranian prisons conducted by State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization and the cooperation of Tehran Psychiatry Institute in 7 prisons, it was found that 54.3 of inmates have experienced the consumption of at least one opioid (opium, opium juice, and heroin) before entering the prison and opium as the commonest drug (3.3%). In the same study, opioids abuse was reported as 3.7% after entering the prisons. There was seen no significant difference between illicit drugs related inmates and other crimes related inmates in terms of opioids abuse. Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction Drug abuse related infectious diseases To the beginning of autumn 214, about 28,663 persons affected by HIV and AIDS were identified in the country of whom 25,333 (88.4%) were male and 3,33 (11.6%) were female. In the meantime, 6,16 persons lost their lives due to same disease of whom 94.4% were male and remained ones were female. HIV/AIDS cases in terms of gender in Iran (September 23, 214) Gender HIV/AIDS cases AIDS cases Mortality QTY % QTY % QTY % Male 25, , , Female 3, , Total 28, , , Over 67.2 of cases are affected through injection during Injection behavioral prevalence is 2.56% of total addicts.

40 In Iran, statistics indicate the 15% of IDUs are affected by HIV/AIDS. Concerning new cases in 213, 45.5% of cases were through illicit drug injection. In recent years, the expansion of protective measures as well as the continuance of harm reduction initiatives in high risk addicts has resulted into alleviation in the rate of AIDS affliction in the country. Although AIDS prevalence is mostly controlled among IDUs by preventive interventions and executing various harm reduction plans, increases in uncontrolled sexual affairs as well as the prevalence of psychotropic substances consumption especially crystal in the country has yielded to a new wave of HIV affliction. Conducted studies indicate that consuming methamphetamines (crystal) increases irrelevant sexual tendencies 8 1 times. Noteworthy, about 3% of total affliction cases in 213 were women. Drug Control in Transmission way Injection Intercourse Mother-to-child Unknown Aggregative since % 9.13% 3.1% 7.16% Registered cases in % 8.36% 9.2% 8.14% The estimation of injected consumers is between 2, 22, while behavioral biologic studies in injecting addicts indicate 85% of sexual contacts and 22.4% of paid sexual contacts. Existing realities suggest that the contagion of industrial and psychotropic substances consumption is a major challenge of AIDS control programs especially among teenagers and youths. Alleviation of HIV harm reduction plan in the society and prisons is a serious threat for the second wave of HIV contagion. Insufficient attention to public training and inadequate contribution by relevant organizations in public training is a serious threat for the third wave of HIV contagion. Global studies indicate that 1% increase in treatment by anti-virus medicines would reduce HIV infection in the society by 1.1% and the country would enjoy US$16, economic savings by one individual s disinfection to HIV.

41 Considering the current estimation on the existence of 2, IDUs in Iran and high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among them (5 25%), harm reduction programs are seen as an important domestic strategy to control and prevent HIV/AIDS. Drug abuse related mortality According to DCHQ annual report, 2,219 dead bodies were studied for drug abuse related deaths in 213 compared to 3,56 in % decrease in addicts mortality compared to 212 and increases in women s deaths in 213 compared to 212 are, inter alia, remarkable findings. The distribution of absolute and relative frequency of illicit drugs related 148 (6.7%) bodies were anonymous while 2,71 (93.3%) were identified. 2,12 (94.7%) bodies were Iranian nationals, 33 (1.5%) were Afghan nationals, 1 body was Iraqi national and the remained (3.7%) were anonymous. 91.8% and 8.2% bodies were male and female respectively. The average age of studied corpses was 36.8 (mean = 35 and mode = 3) years; standard deviation and average standard error were and.27 respectively. The minimum and maximum ages were three months and 92 years years old age group had the highest frequency. 18.7% of studied bodies were living alone. 65% were not alone while the living situation of 16.2% of bodies was unknown. The type of consumed drug one, month before death was opium (37%), opium juice (5%), heroin and crack (34%) and crystal (21%). Over 3% of deaths were reported in three months (May, July and September). Concerning the age of starting drug consumption among 1,44 respondents, the average age was years, standard deviation was 8.38 years, mode was 2 years, mean was 24 years and the minimum and maximum ages were 1 and 79 respectively. Concerning drug consumption record in family, of 1,498 respondents, 455 (2.5%) responded positively to this question. Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction 41

42 deaths in Iranian provinces (213) Drug Control in Province Quantity % East Azerbaijan 18.8 West Azerbaijan 9.4 Ardabil 17.8 Isfahan Alborz Ilam 2.9 Bushehr 1.5 Tehran Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari 19.9 South Khorassan 9.4 Khorassan Razavi North Khorassan Khuzestan Zanjan Semnan Sistan & Baluchistan Fars Qazvin Qom Kurdistan Kerman Kermanshah Kohgiluyeh & Boyrahmad 9.4 Golestan 19.9 Gilan Lorestan Mazandaran 3.1 Markazi Hormuzgan Hamadan Yazd 2.9 Total 2,219 1

43 373 (16.8%) of bodies were under treatment at time of their death while 1,244 (56.1%) were not under treatment. The situation of 385 (17.4%) bodies was not clear and there was no response for 62 (27.1%) bodies). Noteworthy, the total number of decedents due to illicit drugs and psychotropic substances in the first eight months of 214 is reported 1,997 persons (1,794 males and 23 female) which shows 9.2% growth compared to 213. The reasons of such growth should be studied by relevant scholars. Demand for treatment To curb phenomenon of addiction which threats different societies as a global problem with its huge health and social implications, Islamic Republic of Iran based on its experiences in the course of its campaign against illicit drugs in the past years and in addition to its decisive and multifaceted campaign against drugs based on up-to-date and scientific methodologies has put on the agenda strategies related to demand reduction. As far as demand reduction is concerned, the development of treatment and rehab interventions is of special significance. On this basis, since 2, there have been qualitative and quantitative development of methods related to treatment and rehab interventions throughout the country. The said policies are based on below principles and values to prioritize the inalienable right and interests of the society and to put health in all policies. People are contributed in all plans to alleviate drug addiction load and in the highest levels. Society s authority and capability is seen as an arm for resolving health problems. In formulating programs aimed at reducing addiction, comprehensive approaches are used. The programs should be continuous and policymakers and those involved in drug control activities in all levels have to remain committed to the qualitative promotion of services and programs. Some of the activities in the field of treatment and harm reduction in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the trend of their multiyear implementation are as follows: Statistics indicate that in 213, there were 6,341 licensed treatment and harm reduction centers with regard to drug and psychotropic substances treatment and harm reduction under the supervision of Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, State Welfare Organization and State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization while 5,878 centers were running as non-governmental. Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction 43

44 Drug Control in 214 Likewise, the number of admired individuals in licensed treatment and harm reduction centers with regard to drug and psychotropic substances treatment and harm reduction under the supervision of Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, State Welfare Organization and State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization was 764,5 of whom 679,378 were treated in non-governmental centers. The statistics of first half of 214 on the number of outpatient centers indicate that there are 5,139 centers countrywide of which 239 (4.7%) centers are governmental and 4,9 (95.3%) are non-governmental and 42,929 are under maintenance treatment in abovementioned centers. The number of drop-in centers is 213 of which 84 and 129 centers are running by Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and State Welfare Organization respectively. There are 386 outreach teams of which 217 and 169 teams are running by State Welfare Organization and Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education respectively. Totally, 164,494 individuals are covered by drop-in centers and outreach teams. The number of long and mid-term residential rehab centers in 972 in which 135,467 individuals are covered by their services. Treatment methods 44 A comparison of drug abuse treatment centers (29 214)

45 The ascending trend ( ) shown by graph indicates that in 214, there are 6,773 active centers (different types of treatment and harm reduction centers) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Drop-in centers and outreach teams The number of drop-in centers is 213 of which 84 and 129 centers are running by Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and State Welfare Organization respectively. There are 386 outreach teams of which 217 and 169 teams by State Welfare Organization and Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education respectively. The performance of domestic treatment and harm reduction centers (214) Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) Maintenance treatment with Buprenorphine Impatient detoxification DIC Number of admitted persons Number of admitted persons Number of admitted persons Number of centers Number of centers Number of admitted persons Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction 45 Outreach teams Shelters TC Medium term residential rehab centers Number of centers Number of admitted persons Number of centers Number of admitted persons Number of centers Number of admitted persons Number of centers Total Number of admitted persons Number of centers 134, Number of admitted persons 88132

46 Harm reduction programs The number of outpatient drug abuse centers throughout country is 5139 centers of which 3998 are authorized by Medical Science University and 114 by State Welfare Organization. The total number of patients in these centers is 571,634 of whom 476,232 are under methadone maintenance treatment. The comparison of patients under treatment and harm reduction measures (29 214) Drug Control in The ascending trend (29 214) shown by above graph indicates that one of the main objective pursued by deman reduction progrms in the Islamic Republi of Iran is to provid maximum coverage for the population of drug addicts. The role of nongovernmental, private and public organizations There are 239 (4.7%) in public sector and 49 (95.3%) in private sector. Preliminary agreements with drug abuse centers syndicate (1) Organizing the first froum of drug addiction treatment center authorities by predicitng the participation of 7 physicians (2) The memebership of syndicate s representative in national and provincial Treatment and Social supports Committee with voting right (3) Official communication to the secretaties of Anti Narcotics Coordi-

47 nation Councils on the establishment of provincial groups The report of six month measures by Ministry of Health in the field of treatment and social supports Extra funds to establishment and continuation of actions by public maitenance treatment centers with agonist mediciens Extra funds to establish and continuation of actions by drop-in (DIC) centers Providning health, treatment and harm reduction services in public maintenance treatment and harm reduction centers based on article 16 of the law Extra funds to maitenance treatment centers with agonist mediciens to cover services after releasing from treatment and harm reduction centers based on article 16 of the law Extra funds to the continuation of actions by outreach teams Extra funds to the plan on refining and monitoring on treatment and harm reduction programs through national and provincial monitoring committee to implement Anti Narcotics Recipe, article 15 Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction 47 treatment and harm reduction statistics (the first half of 214) by Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education on drug abuse treatment services Indicator Private Public Total New female cases ,177 11,575 New male cases 6,488 92,449 98,937 Current female cases 3,662 37,483 41,145 Current male cases 36,58 493,99 53,489 The number of drug abuse centers throughout country is 5139 centers of which 3998 are authorized by Medical Science University and 114 by State Welfare Organization. There are 239 (4.7%) in public sector and 49 (95.3%) in private sector. The total number of patients in these centers is 571,634 of whom 476,232

48 are under methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Control in Harm reduction service in drop in centers (DIC) The number of DIC is 84 and the number of outreach teams is 169. Total number of clients in harm reduction centers is 1,193 (female) and 33,94 male); 15,91 of them are IDUs. During the first half of 214, 3,379 women and men have contacted outreach teams. Indicator Figures The number of female contacted persons with outreach teams 3,379 The number of male contacted persons with outreach teams 3,698 The number of constant clients to syringe and needle program (female) 171 The number of constant clients to syringe and needle program (male) 9,384 The number of distributed syringes and needles in DICs 583,132 The number of distributed syringes and needles by outreach teams 629,22 Total clients to harm reduction centers (female) 1,193 Total clients to harm reduction centers (male) 33,94 Total clients to harm reduction centers (IDUs) 15,91 The number of distributed condoms via Sexual Health Program 214,459 The number of condom receivers (female) 1,184 The number of condom receivers (male) 9,477 Major joint projects with UNODC Office on demand reduction Organizing an educational workshop on drug abuse collective treatment by an international expert Supporting the formulation of a model on brief interventions for in risk children Finalizing the study of infections including, HIV, Hepatitis and so on among drug abusers and providing interventional recommendations Organizing an assessment meeting on sexual and HIV/AIDS prevention

49 educational package for female inmates Organizing ceremonies on AIDS Global Day Organizing educational workshops on HIV and stimulants for health and treatment experts Re-dissemination of Stimulants: explicit and implicit aspects CDs Organizing specialized training courses on behavioral advisory and the risks of drug abuse in Malaysia: Chapter two: treatment and harm reduction 49

50 Drug Control in 214 Chapter three: supply reduction

51 supply reduction Fighting against illicit drugs entrance and supply Inspired by religious and cultural teachings and believing in implementing international obligations along its eastern border, Islamic Republic of Iran has conducted different initiatives to fight against illicit drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors traffic and transition and it evaluates annually the effects of these interventions proportionate to new conditions. Chapter three: supply reduction 51 Blocking the borders is a measure under completion powerfully to control more effectively the movements by traffic gangs to create barriers and limit the entrance of illicit drug cargos. Overtime, in addition to build physical barriers, utilizing state-of-the-art technologies is broadly under execution and by using modern equipment such fixed and mobile radars, night vision goggles and border electronic controls are pursuing through remarkable increases in borders blocking budget in Iranian new government so that borders blocking budget has grown 17 times in recent years. In the meantime, by changes in Police structure including an independent border command-

52 ing and in order to maximize control of border and to reduce vulnerability of these regions, the execution of border security zone in eastern provinces is started and it is hoped to strengthen border control by full execution of this plan. A review of constructed barriers in these regions and in different forms such as canal excavation, embankment and concrete fortifications in the entrances of rivers and passages in valleys and hills, barbed wire and fences, constructing New Jersey walls, installing electronic control equipment such as radars and night vision goggles shows well the serious will by the Islamic Republic of Iran in its decisive combat against transition of all kinds of opioids from eastern neighbors to other target countries: Drug Control in Constructed barriers in Iranian eastern border Type of obstruction Volume Canal excavation (km) 717 Embankment construction (km) 862 Barbed wire and fences (km) Entrance blocking (cases) 37 Renovating canals and embankments (km) Wall building 7.5 Border road construction and renovation (km) 116 Along with construction of border fortifications in eastern part of the country, parts of west and northwest regions especially East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces are more precisely controlled by Iranian Police forces via developing engineering measures. Developing shore control units in Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Caspian Sea is another implemented program. Conducted measures include the promotion of qualitative level of operational potency by active forces in supply reduction area, strengthening intelligent and operational forces, improving intelligent partnerships, developing specialized operational bases in eastern regions and border, training, educating and equipping local forces, increasing the number of operational, patrolling and ambushing forces in the region, qualitative promotion of combating indicators, utilizing scientific and professional equipment and fostering border fortifications which yielded to seizure of over 5 tons of kinds of illicit drugs.

53 Changes (%) Changes (%) 38 6 Changes (%) ,459 12, ,13 77,828 2,644 11, , , , Seizures ,73 1, ,159 76,67 3,677 15, ,39 Arrests ,1 48,398 33,399 Arrests 213 Illicit drugs (kg) Heroin group Morphine Opium Hashish Crystal Other drugs Total Accusations Drug trafficker and retailer Drug addict Total Activities Chapter three: supply reduction 39 2,16 1,556 Operations and clashes ,816 2,94 Dismantled rings Dismantled kitchen lab Martyrs Killed armed traffickers 24 14,394 11,578 Seized vehicles Seized weapons Formulating comprehensive plan of border areas sustainable security is considered to control the borders desirably. Concerning the importance of welfare and subsistence of people who live in border areas, establishing and fostering border bazaars and cooperatives as well as investment opportunities are highly paid attention.

54 Likewise, east and west sustainable security and development council has passed paramount approvals to develop border areas. In the meantime, various meeting are organized by the authorities of two eastern neighbors in the format of agreements especially on a triangular initiative plan and activating JPC to make necessary measures on joint borders control promotion management. Drug Control in Another affecting factor in curbing illicit drug cargos is to develop technical controls and to improve training and operational intervention by deployed forces in national customs as a supplementary of police measures. Since remarkable part of psychotropic substances and precursors used in producing illicit drugs and psychotropic substances are entering Iran through West and Southeast Asia and are also transited, fostering customs measures and activities alongside other supply reduction programs are considered as an important priority by relevant connoisseurs.

55 Forecasting regional and domestic situation Growing trend of illicit drug cultivation and production in Afghanistan along with such problems as security, economic and social chaotic situation of Afghanistan and poverty and unemployment of its people would intensify the problems and difficulties of illicit drug production growth in this country and region. Due to its 19km land border with Afghanistan and Pakistan and 2,154km maritime borders in the Persian Gulf and Oman, Islamic Republic of Iran of is exposed by increases in illicit drugs cultivation, production and traffic more than other countries. Possibly, by intensifying land border control through strengthening border forces by recent commissioning of a number of border police stations and watch posts and constructing roads in southeastern border areas, traffic gangs are enforced to shift to maritime routes. Controlling precursor chemicals Currently, by establishing National Committee on Monitoring Precursors and devising the executive recipe for article 4 of the law as well as all related manuals on precursors related chemical companies, Islamic Republic of Iran controls on packaging and producing precursors domestically and uses PEN system for precursors international trade. In 214 and in line with controlling and monitoring on legal trading of precursors enlisted by UN Convention 1988, Islamic Republic of Iran issued 268 PEN permits for the importation and exportation of precursors mostly similar to 213. Chapter three: supply reduction 55 For awareness and giving information of the most recent status of precursors in three fields pre-production, production and transition, Islamic Republic of Iran has organized different training courses on familiarity with illicit drug precursors such as training courses for 1226 police and customs forces, Mines and Industry, and syndicates related to chemicals in production, packaging and consumption fields. To organize precursors trading in production, packaging and consumption in domestic industries, a databank is set so that all well established firms can be registered there. They can register their needs and upon approval, they can prepare, produce, consume and/or sell precursors so that the names of transaction parties are registered and recorded in this databank

56 and it the case of any offence, the name of offending persons or companies will be blacklisted in this databank to be prohibited from precursors trading or they will be faced with one to three years of limitations by the verdicts of judicial authorities. Revising in the selection, ratification and communication of some domestic customs was a key initiative in 214 in order to determine specialized points for precursors importation, exportation and transition and to deploy technical evaluators to these points for monitoring and controlling precursors commerce. Alternative operation In cooperating with international authorities in 214, Islamic Republic of Iran participated in alternative operation and submitted its report in three phases to UNODC: Drug Control in The statistics of the first phase of alternative operation in target customs (Shahid Rajaei, Dughrun, Mirjaveh and Khosravi) June 26 July 5 Customs Shahid Rajaei Shahid Rajaei Shahid Rajaei Shahid Rajaei Net weight (KG) 86 48, 48, 22, Origination Germany Hong Kong China China Owner Tolou Company, Astara Port Behineh Parvad Arbin Sahel Amir Commercial Company Banyan Jvdan Sanaat Company Tariff 29,152, 28,271, 28,271, 2,827, Goods Acetic acid Industrial Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Chloride (industrial grade) Ammonium Chloride The statistics of the second phase of alternative operation in target customs (Shahid Rajaei, Dughrun, Mirjaveh and Khosravi) September, 2-12 Customs Shahid Rajaei Net weight (KG) 425 Origination India Owner Mehrgan Commercial Company Tariff 29,152,1 Goods Acetic acid

57 The statistics of the third phase of alternative operation in target customs Customs Shahid Rajei Net weight (KG) 12, Origination China Owner Haft Almas Company Tariff 28,271, Goods Industrial Ammonium Chloride Noteworthy, exportation and transition figures in Kermanshah, Razavi Khorassan, Sistan & Baluchistan and Shahid Rajaie Customs were negative in the third phase of the operation. Anti-Narcotics Police performance report in controlling triad drugs Bottlenecks and watch posts in transit route of triad drugs were covered by the plan so that the operation can be conducted in determined time span after briefing and training relevant officials and staff on recognizing and detecting chemicals and licit and illicit precursors. Based on received reports and in the third phase of the operation, upon Chapter three: supply reduction 57

58 Drug Control in numerous inspections, only 6 licit chemicals (chemical fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer) were identified and released after examining and confirming their documents.

59 The list of risk indicators used in this operation: 1. Afghanistan and Pakistan are destinations 2. Cargo is fluid 3. Cargo value is less than it transportation cost 4. Cargo value in origination and destination is not economic and cost effective 5. Announced tariffs are close to the codes controlled precursors 6. All merchandises are in chapter of importation and exportation regulation book 7. China and UAE are announced as the originations of loading 8. Transportation companies are not well known or are startups 9. Receiver s address, phone and specifications are not clear 1. Chemical cargo is under control 11. Transportation company and transaction parties are not registered 12. Registration number on the container is illegible or manipulated 13. The cargos that loaded and transported irrelevantly Chapter three: supply reduction 59

60 Drug Control in 214 Concerning other initiatives taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran, one can point out below ones: Formulating executive recipe on article 4 Anti Narcotics law Obliging manufacturing companies to install labels on their cargos and products by the capability of tracking at the time of seizure Installing wind scanners Intensifying combating measures in land, air, maritime and railroad customs Training border guards and customs evaluators Registering controlled chemicals in attachment 8 of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Importation and Exportation Laws and Regulation (214) Blocking Internet website which trained how to produce and consume precursors Publishing and distributing handbooks, CDs and books among organizations Sun operation Participation in phases 1, 2 and 3 phases of alternative operation 6 Amphetamines Special situation of our northwestern neighbors including Kurdistan Region (Iraqi Kurdistan) has caused the entrance of precursors particularly ephedrine and increasingly demand for crystal consumption and huge profits coming from its smuggling into Southeast Asia. To the same reason, Islamic Republic of Iran has started diverse integrated measures from entering border for combating the importation of precursors and methamphetamines to dismantling kitchen labs and interference in distribution since 21 which remarkably resulted in traffic reduction toward Southeast Asia. In the meantime, the rates of arrestees are considerably reduced and in the first eight month of current year, only 16kg of crystal is sized and 172 kitchen labs are dismantled. Sun operation Sun operation consists of enforcing crystal test in marriage and employment laboratories, specialization of import/export customs, organizing

61 training courses for supply reduction members, organizing chemical retailers, formulating the recipe of Precursors Supervision National Committee and intensifying anti crystal laws. Industrial substances Islamic Republic of Iran has provided customs and seizing organizations with necessary information and warnings to acquire needed capabilities in treating with new substances. Likewise, upon facing with new industrial substances, Iranian specialized labs attempt to test, identify and diagnose their addictive effects and they would inform relevant organizations in this regard. Combating money laundering cases Intangible Intangible Vehicles Others Tangible Others Tangible Others Description Intangible Intangible Intangible Tangible Tangible Tangible Confiscated properties Forfeited properties Released properties Chapter three: supply reduction 61 Major joint projects with UNODC Office on supply reduction A training course on information analysis for 25 anti-narcotics police officers The participation of Customs and Anti-Narcotics Police in three steps of alternative operation

62 Organizing six week course on drug sniffing dogs The participation of representatives from Anti-Narcotics Police, Customs, State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization in Drug Sniffing Dog Centers Management Training Course in the Netherlands Organizing training course for domestic airport police Buying 15 drug sniffing dogs for Anti-Narcotics Police Organizing the Forum on Lab Cooperation between Iranian and Afghan police Buying wind scanner equipment and parts for Anti-Narcotics Police Buying the kits to diagnose illicit drugs and chemical precursors Drug Control in

63 Chapter four: protecting drug addicts and recovered Drug Control in 214

64 protecting drug addicts and recovered Community Return Program (CRP) Drug Control in The report by the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare In 214 and in keeping with the concluded MOU with the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare on prevention field, 3 billion Rials budget is forecasted and 75 million Rials are paid in the first step. Based on concluded MOU and current sensitive in this field, accurate execution of plans in work and production places including approved and implementable actions are determined and communicated as below: Drug addiction prevention plan by emphasis on promoting the awareness and information of labor and production community on the symptoms and outcomes of drug abuse in workplaces at all provinces of the country Organizing drug addiction seminar for labor and production community Disseminating training CD for health staff and workers in all provinces Measures by Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare in provinces Organizing 431 primary prevention educational workshops for workplaces Organizing 224 life skills educational workshops for labor and production community Organizing 14 mental health educational workshops in workplaces Organizing 11 educational seminars on drug addiction prevention 13 provinces in workplaces

65 Preparing and distributing over 42, training pamphlets among labor and production community A hot line for labor and production community (54934) to receive different advising services including services on drug addiction The performance report by Technical and Vocational Organization A 12 month/person commitment: 12,774 persons (a 1 hour course for each person) Three month performance/person: 5,396 persons The ratio of Three month performance to 12 month commitment: 39% Chapter four: protecting drug addicts and recovered 65 Qualitative performance and operational items Planning to equip training workshops on maintenance treatment and harm reduction subjected to article 16 in Markazi, Sistanc & Baluchistan and west Azerbaijan provinces Planning to grant consultancy and training conducts to 1 recovered addicts in selected provinces Studying and prioritizing 25 training professions to prepare, revise and modify low cost and early return educational standards for recovered addicts

66 Decisions taken in a session with Charity Association (school maker and health charitable) Drug Control in seminar of active charitable who support addicts treatment and protecting their families (1)Readiness of Charity Association for cooperation in this arena (2)As a serious priority, Charity Association announced that it would bear 5% of the costs of organizing notorious female drug addicts (3) in Tehran (i.e. supplying foods, sanitary materials, etc.) (3)Readiness of Charity Association to support affected pupils and students (4)Establishing the charity society of recovered and protecting their families (5)Organizing the first seminar of active charitable who support addicts treatment and protecting their families

67 Chapter five: social approach Drug Control in 214

68 social approach Drug Control in Socialization is a process which teaches human the ways of living in a society. What makes cooperation possible among people and their mutual dependencies is a set of learnt behavioral patterns in which other members of a culture share. In such process, a person should be able to communicate other effectively. He/she should focus on society s fundamental values and beliefs in his/ her mind. During socialization, a person learns how to protect him/her and others in confronting with social harms. In all articles of general policies notified by Iranian Supreme Leader in anti narcotics field especially article 9 and 1, contribution by people, families and research and scientific agencies and centers are emphasized. The discussion on socializing the campaign was raised in the end of 19th century in global community and during 2th century, developed countries took serious steps toward it and they could achieve good outcomes in consumption management and contribution by social layers. Therefore, we will be obviously successful in socializing illicit drug campaign if antinarcotics socialization is conducted by a scientific insight the contribution by all politicians, elites, focus groups and people. All people should be sensitive toward protecting them from drug addiction. On the same basis, individuals, families and society could play their own role in anti-narcotics socialization to institutionalize such approach in all levels of the society. In all places including home, school, and workplace and so on, people should contribute in adopting a social approach on illicit drug campaign. The most important effect by such contribution is the feeling of attachment and ownership by people to their society and own destiny. Under such circumstances, social networks are fostered, society s members will not become individualistic and they would prefer individual interests to social ones. Also, social life quality is promoted and the roles of social organizations are guaranteed. If anti-narcotics socialization is not happening in the society, decision making will be always top down and there will be a propensity to prefer individual to social interests along with disappointment which paves the way for drug addiction and other high risk behaviors.

69 The impact of adopting a social approach on different areas of campaign Paying attention to social affairs: a starting point! Many connoisseurs believe that the roots of many new social problems should be pursued in ignoring social aspects of the society. It has resulted in many important negative outcomes. They believe that solution is in social field. Anti narcotics socialization is process by which people and different classes of society can contribute in different parts of illicit drug campaign and they can admire critical roles. Experts believe that socialization is the most effective approach on a multilateral campaign against illicit drugs multidimensional and complicated problem. The components of anti narcotics socialization in demand reduction and control Increase in responsibility and contribution Increase in social demands Increase in social capital Social trust Social contribution Social awareness Paving the way for the contribution of people and nongovernmental groups Serious attention to social approach in demand reduction and control rather than the domination of a simply law enforcement and security approach Transparency A pragmatic approach Promoting social happiness People s access to social resources Using the capacity of social elites The role of media in strengthening social approach Revising policymaking, laws and regulations Strengthening social approach Respecting different levels of social harms prevention Fostering cultural identity Chapter five: social approach 69

70 Drug Control in Revising domestic supervision structure Social admission of recovered addicts Recommendation on attracting more contribution by people and NGOs The participation of NGOs in three areas (decision making, execution and supervision) Providing people or associations with right information Making people sensitive this field Avoiding instrumental usage of people and associations Avoiding a competitive glance between government and associations Not a simply security attitude toward associations Constant relations with people and active associations Supporting associations to operate in this arena Revising the laws and facilities in this field Introducing the abilities of NGOs in media and relevant forums To this end, social capital has the top priority and share. Social capital concept Capital is a wealth or value which can be used to increase existing resources or to create new resources. Social capital is a mortar or cement which links people, communities and agencies. Social capital prevents social dislocation. Social capital and social contribution: These two concepts have close relations Social capital social contribution Contribution is a process based on collective wisdom and informed and intentional behavior which involves the participation of all beneficiaries in all aspects of planning, decision making, management, execution, assessment, control, division of interests and profits to realize a given goal. People contribute in setting the aims (the main title of Top Ideas Festival), how to realize the aims, implementation and supervision

71 Chapter six: supporting the women Drug Control in 214

72 supporting the women (a)specialized Committee on Women and Vulnerable families Drug Control in To realize article 1 and 29 of the I. R. of Iran Constitutional Law as well as articles 4, 6, 7, 9 and 1 of general anti narcotics policies notified by Supreme Leader and undertaking DCHQ organizational tasks in cultural affairs, campaign, public education, demand reduction, treatment, rehabilitation and occupation of women and vulnerable families and to create and effective mechanism and proper planning to synchronize with the policies of Women Socio-cultural Council and Woman and Family National Headquarters in the scope of DCHQ s legal missions and functions, the establishment of DCHQ Specialized Committee on Vulnerable Women and Families participated by the representatives from triad powers and both governmental and nongovernmental relevant organs and NGOs was approved and communicated by Minister of Interior and DCHQ General Secretary via notification No. 23/ /6/213. The objectives of the Committee: Elaborating and devising needed policies on women and family Organizing the initiatives by different organs on women and family Promoting (refining and assessing) programs Building and developing the capacities of plans on women and family Disseminating prevention culture, improving the quantity and

73 quality of treatment and social supports on women and family Strategic goals Improving motivations in different levels Developing contribution by people and governmental/ nongovernmental organizations Enhancing awareness on religious, cultural and economic capacities Using national and international experiences to promote national plans with a local approach Modifying attitudes and creating scientific approaches by generating scientific evidences to achieve DCHQ s goals The functions of the committee Chapter five: social approach Analyzing and identifying SWOTs Navigating current/future situation and Future Studies on women Studying current laws and regulations and identifying and removing legal gaps Studying taken measures in the country on women and families in both governmental and non-governmental sectors Setting exclusive indicators in prevention, treatment and social supports Determining research priorities Approving national and international proposals on women Harmonization among relevant agencies and using maximum capacity Preparing reports on actions and achieved outcomes and submission to DCHQ Secretary General 73

74 Drug Control in Members of the Committee Secretary General s Advisor to the affairs of women and families, representatives of Vice President in the affairs of women and families Iranian Parliament (social commission), Women and Family Sociocultural council, Ministry of Interior Judiciary (State Prisons and Corrective Measures Organization), Female Baseej Organization Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Ministry of Science, Research and Information Technology Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare, Technical and Vocational Organization, State Welfare Organization, Islamic Republic of Iran Police (representatives from Social Directorate), Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), Tehran Municipality, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Director General for DCHQ Public Participation and NGOs (Committees Secretary), NGOS and active association in the field of women and drug abusers introduced by Committee s Secretariat and approved by its members, Iranian Social Workers Association The number of meetings From the outset, seven meetings are hold and, totally, 55 approvals are ratified by the Committee. (b) Completing databank of women drug addiction centers To achieve the most recent information on distribution, activities and other features of drug addiction centers, the census was conducted by asking Anti Narcotics Coordination Councils of all provinces throughout the country. On this basis, the most recent status of these centers includes:

75 Chapter five: social approach 75 Descriptions The number of centers Province Camp DIC SHELTER Consultancy center West Azerbaijan East Azerbaijan - 3 Alborz - Ardabil Isfahan - Ilam - Bushehr Tehran - 1 Chahrmahal Khorassan Razavi - 2 North Khorassan - 1 South Khorassan Khuzestan - Zanjan Fars - Qom - 1 Qazvin Sistan and Baluchistan - 1 Semnan Kohgiluyeh Kermanshah - 1 Kurdistan Kerman Golestan - 2 Gilan Lorestan Markazi Mazandaran - 1 Hormuzgan Hamadan - 1 Yazd Total

76 (c) Organizing a workshop on supporting recovered women in 6 provinces by the cooperation on an active NGO in demand reduction and control Drug Control in 214 By the cooperation of Vice President Office of Women s Affairs and Family and Rebirth Charity and to realize the aims of social approach on demand reduction and prevention, DVHQ executed a joint project on social supports for recovered women in such province as Fars, Qom, Alborz, Mazandaran, Khraossan Razavi, and Sistan & Baluchistan. In this vein, capability/capacity building of NGOs, community based groups and local communities as the most important capital of society and fascinating the contribution in the field of social supports for recovered individuals especially women could create a rich context for their needed social supports. To this end and to execute a training plan for NGOs on social supports for recovered women, a two day workshop titles social supports for recovered women was organized by the attendance of several NGOs. 76

77 Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign Drug Control in 214

78 The role of NGOs in drug campaign NGOs definition NGOs are organized, autonomous, voluntary and flexible formations independent of government run by charitable people. They have come together to provide certain non-profit services voluntarily and they feel responsibility against the people to whom they provide their services and have announced their existence. Drug Control in 214 The advantages of NGOs 1. They enjoy strong local links 2. Their structure is less bureaucratic 3. They have motivated staff 4. The act more successfully in servicing different groups 5. They are more adapted to new approaches and methods of development 6. If exogenous, they are more compatible with local culture and rituals 7. They strengthen people s perceptions on different social issues 8. They facilitate different sessions in local and provincial levels 9. They motivate public and even private organization to contemplate on their province problems 78 Raising social capital and NGOs Today, alongside human, financial and economic capitals, there is another kind of capital in organizations and societies: social capital. It is a new concept in sociology with a very close relation to human capital and the most resource of organizations. It refers to links and relations among the members of a network as a valuable source which realizes the aims of members by creating norms and mutual trust. Social capital has built a very proper context for the productivity of human forces in different organizations and groups so that utilizing other kinds of organizational capitals is feasible in the light of social capital. In contrary to other kinds of capital, social capital is increasing by using and utilizing it. Social capital involves such attributes as trust, cooperation, norms, shred beliefs and mutual relations among members.

79 In an organization where there is mutual trust among members and management moves toward enhancing such mutual trust, organizational procedures are improved, works are performed rapider and intraorganizational processes are conducted more effectively and efficiently. Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 79 Actions by NGOs Briefing/specialized session of practitioners in countrywide public contributions development To integrate the activities and promoting scientific levels of NGOs and public contributions development practitioners in Anti-Narcotics Coordination Councils throughout the country, a one day session was organized in Isfahan where practitioners were informed of viewpoints and plans of the office in New Year. In this session, DCHQ Undersecretary General, Demand Reduction and NGOs and Public Contributions Development Deputy and Demand Reduction and NGOs and Public Contributions Development Director General shared their viewpoints.

80 Registering NGOs information in Anti Narcotics National System To achieve the most recent information of active anti narcotics NGOs, a databank is established; so far, the information of NGOs in 23 provinces is registered. A meeting between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Social workers Concerning the importance of using social workers capacities in realization of social approach on drug campaign, meeting between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and 1 Social workers including the boards on Iranian Social Workers Association, the official of provincial branches, Iranian Social Workers Clinics Association, relevant academic instructors and director general of social working in responsible organs was organized on May 8, 214. Drug Control in A meeting between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Friday Pray Imams in Tehran Province To keep on meetings of Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General to realize anti narcotics social approach and concerning the importance status and capacity of Friday Pray Imams in this regard, a mutual meeting was organized by the attendance of Tehran Friday Pray Imams. Following to this session, it was decided that Friday Pray Imams address to drug addiction and its related social harms in Friday Pray Preaches. Formulating the draft of a MOU between DCHQ and Tehran Mosques Affairs Center To adopt necessary arrangement for socializing anti narcotic affairs and using the capacities of Mosques Imams in Tehran with emphasis on strengthening religious beliefs, cultural and educational measures and public awareness, a meeting was organized between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Tehran Mosques Imams, led to conclude a mutual MOU. Among the most important articles of abovementioned MOU, one can point out using the capacities of mosques and affiliated entities by DCHQ for public awareness and, mutually, using specialized information of DCHQ by Mosques Imams in drug addiction prevention and treatment.

81 Regular follow-up meetings of Public Contribution Development and NGOs throughout the country Organizing two specialized meetings of Public Contribution Development and NGOs in DCHQ and ratifying over 1 approvals as well as organizing 6 meeting in provincial levels with 3 approvals. Due to gaps in coordinating and consensus among relevant agencies and to prevent sectional glance at anti narcotic NGOs, the specialized of Public Contribution Development and NGOs committee is established in DCHQ and anti-narcotics coordination councils. The committee is headed by Minister of Interior while the revenant Specialized Office acts as its secretary. It is hoped that its outcomes could remove barriers on public contribution. The committee s approvals are equal to approvals by DCHQ and are enforceable for relevant organizations. Allocating 3,,, Rials to improve the awareness of managers and practitioners of anti-narcotics active NGOs in order to organize 3 educational workshops. Concerning the importance of training and empowering managers and practitioners of anti-narcotics active NGOs and based on relevant recipe, organizing 3 educational workshops (19 workshops by anti-narcotics coordination councils and 11 ones by national NGOs) are predicted and it was decided to organize these workshops in the first eight months of 214. Allocating 2,1,, Rials to establish and strengthen 31 job creation centers in 13 provinces. To create and improve the capacity of job creation and entrepreneurship, 31 centers were identified by anti-narcotics coordination councils and the way was paved for the occupation of 238 recovered addicts and families. Based on agreements, it was decided that 5 persons could be covered by Social Security services. A joint MOU between anti-narcotics coordination council secretariat and Mosques Cultural Institute (Kohgiluyeh and Boyrahmad Province) To exploit the Mosques Cultural Institute and the capacities generated by Mosques Baseej, a MOU was signed by anti-narcotics coordination council for informing different classes of population especially youths on existing capacities and addictive substances. It is recommended to other provinces to use this as a model. Formulating a compilation for top ideas to organize Top Ideas Festival in 7 provinces Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 81

82 To enjoy new ideas and getting informed of the ideas of those individuals who have high feeling of responsibility and are not indifference to their surrounding events, a recipe is devised and after evaluations, five provinces including Kurdistan, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Khorassan Razavi and Golestan were determined as the secretariat of the festival and it was decided to correspond with other provinces through theses secretariats. Drug Control in Planning to organize a seminar of protecting the recovered addicts To facilitate the admission of recovered addicts by their families, this seminar was conducted in June 24, 214 Pursuing the establishment of a regional network for harm and demand reduction NGOs Cooperation in organizing addicts by article 16 in Tehran province: To use the capacities of NGOs active in drug treatment, Rebirth Charity Association has maintained and treated addicts covered by article 16(2) with the cooperation of some other treatment and harm reduction centers in Tehran. To this end, Public Contribution Development and NGOs has taken necessary measures by the supports of NGOs. Coordination to prepare an educational package for NGOs by UN office and planning on organizing join training workshops for NGOs by UN office A meeting on preparing educational package for NGOs by the attendance of UN experts Formulating appraisal indicators for provinces Cooperation in organizing the seminar on International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking 1.Organizing drug addiction prevention exhibition countrywide 2.Organizing sport matches with drug addiction prevention maxim countrywide 3.Organizing the seminar on the recovered addicts countrywide 4.Organizing drug addiction prevention educational workshops countrywide 5.Visits to the families of anti narcotic martyrs countrywide 6.Speeches by provincial official in ant narcotics week countrywide Cooperation to introduce NGOs active in children field in UN educational workshop Vulnerable children and drug consumption: necessary measures was jointly organized by DCHQ and UNODC office in Tehran in the framework of technical cooperation program on demand reduction and HIV control

83 in April 214. Devising a MOU between Public Contribution Development and NGOs and Planning and IT Office of DCHQ To realize the aims of the office on Public Contribution Development and NGOs and to accelerate and facilitate the predicted affairs, a MOU (valued 35, million Rials) was signed with DCHQ Planning Office for current year. The main items of this MOU include: Financial assistance to NGOs (cultural and prevention field) Financial assistance to NGOs (treatment and harm reduction) Financial assistance to empower NGOs Supporting NGOs cooperating with DCHQ Supporting responsibility insurance development for NGOs in treatment field (Shelter, DIC, camps ) Extra funds to execute the program on monitoring NGOs and documenting the initiatives Extra funds to organize seminars, festivals and specialized forum of public contribution development and NGOs with a social approach Supporting job creation and entrepreneurship for recovered addiction with the aim of social protection (as controlled sums) Cooperation in organizing NGOs Meeting by the attendance Minister of Interior Deputy Active participation in workgroup of organizing meeting of active NGOs managers in different fields including anti narcotics with Islamic Republic of Iran President in Ministry of Interior. In this meeting, one off the manager of NGOs in drug addiction filed submitted a report on problems and requests of NGOs to President. Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 83 Financial assistance to anti narcotic NGOs Based on signed MOU with DCHQ office, 8,45 million Rials in treatment and harm reduction fields were distributed among 34 anti narcotic coordination councils as well as prevention and cultural NGOs. 3, million and 5,45 million Rials were allotted to treatment/harm reduction and prevention/cultural fields in 31 provinces respectively. Likewise, 1,55 million Rials were allotted to 31 provinces to support seminars, festivals, sessions, etc. Coordination in organizing a seminar on the role of social contribution in illicit drug control and reduction in 31 provinces To improve existing capacities of provinces in making anti narcotics

84 more socialization, a one day provincial seminal was predicted and it was decided that each province holds the seminar by using the current capacities. The main items include specialist panels and submitting reports to provincial authorities. It is also emphasized on using all current capacities of the province rather than the capitals of provinces. Provincial travels by Office s experts To evaluate the activities by anti narcotic coordination councils in the field of NGOs, visits to activities by active anti narcotic centers, job creation centers founded by NGOs and associations, Office s experts visited 28 provinces and necessary points to eliminated deficits and problems were submitted to provincial authorities. Drug Control in Contribution in devising informal residential plan in Sabzevar Concerning current harms in informal residential areas in the margins of cities especially addictive drugs distribution and inclinations by teenagers and youths, Director General of Contribution Development Office participated in relevant meeting and expounded current harms and guidelines to curb them in devising a draft in this regard. Cooperation in studying the draft of an act on social and civil association in Ministry of Interior Cooperation and participation in the workgroup of formulating the draft of an act on social and civil association (NGOs) ordered by Islamic Republic of Iran President to facilitate NGO s activities in the country Coordination on organizing specialized committee of social contribution development with universities in East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan To utilize the scientific capacities of provinces, specialized committee of public contribution development and NGOs was empirically founded in East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces. The primary expected aims included: Preparing strategic package(s) on realizing the strategy of DCHQ to socialize fug campaign in the country by using the capacities of the committee Preparing and producing scientific and educational software on knowledge generation and fostering theoretical basics of social contribution in illicit drug campaign in line with the realization of DCHQ strategy to socialize drug combat

85 Census of active anti narcotic NGOs Year Harm reduction Mid term residential centers Cultural and prevention Total The frameworks to fascinate public contributions Treatment and residential centers (treatment camps) Prevention formations including NGOs or CBOs (in educational, official, industrial or other ambiences) Supportive formations (religious clerks, charitable individuals, religious groups, etc.), Private treatment centers (clinics ) Active associations in other social and cultural fields proportionate to general social mission (job syndicates, women, students ) Major social intervention methods by NGOs in public contribution field 1. Preventive plans and measures 2. Therapeutically plans and measures 3. Harm reduction plans and measures 4. Supportive and entrepreneurial plans and measures The status of public contribution in the draft of treatment and social support document In the draft of treatment and social support comprehensive document, policies and macro strategies section on society s maximum contribution in treatment and social support plans, one can read: Capacity building in governmental, nongovernment, public and social entities with the aims of contribution development in policymaking and planning Promoting the knowledge, awareness and social and civil responsibility to support treatment, rehabilitation, harm reduction and social support plans and interventions Paving the way for using and facilitating contribution in different national, provincial and local levels of nongovernmental and public organization in policymaking and planning Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 85

86 The most recent status of activities by NGOs in illicit drugs and psychotropic substances demand reduction Year Harm reduction Mid term residential centers Cultural and prevention Total Drug Control in Measures taken to realize effective participation of people and NGOs in public contribution development process Organizing two meetings by specialized committee of public contribution development and NGOs in DCH with 1 approvals as well as organizing 6 meetings in provinces with 3 approvals Organizing 3 educational workshops to improve the awareness of the managers and experts of anti narcotic NGOs throughout the country (19 workshops by anti-narcotics coordination councils and 11 ones by national NGOs) Organizing top ideas festival in seven provinces: Kurdistan, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Khorassan Razavi, Golestan, Ardabil and Hamadan Planning to organize a seminar to protect 1 recovered Addicts by the contribution of NGOs Cooperation in organizing drug addicts subjected to article 16 in Tehran province by Rebirth Charity association and the cooperation of several treatment and harm reduction centers in Tehran Province Preparing an educational package by UN Office for NGOs and planning to organize joint workshop by UN Office for NGOS Organizing educational workshops: two workshops for NGOs managers and experts Cooperation by NGOs on the seminar for International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking Organizing drug addiction prevention exhibition countrywide Organizing sport matches with drug addiction prevention maxim countrywide Organizing the seminar on the recovered addicts countrywide

87 Organizing drug addiction prevention educational workshops countrywide Visits to the families of anti narcotic martyrs countrywide Organizing special ceremonies on anti narcotics week countrywide The second regional Seminar on Networking NGOs in Harm and Demand Reduction fields This 3 day seminar was organized and hosted by Rebirth Charity Institute and the cooperation by DCHQ and UNODC Office in Ministry for Foreign Affairs (I.C.I.C center). Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 87 Participants 36 NGOs and international networks from Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Austria, Lebanon and Lithuania participated in this seminar. The general aims of the second seminar: The aims of the second seminar were technical promotion and support of NGOs networking in demand and harm reduction in the region, knowledge

88 sharing and side training in drug combat, harm reduction, public treatment and support, and modifying and confirming a draft letter of association as well as selecting secretary and board members of the network. Drug Control in Lecturers: Inauguration ceremony, Dr. Abdulreza Rahmani Fazli as the Iranian Minister of Interior and Secretary General of DCHQ; the CEO of Rebirth Charity Association and seminar s secretary; Mr. Gary Louis as UN permanent representative to Iran, and Lie Bun Watt as UNODC representative in Tehran delivered their speeches. They emphasized on the necessity of supporting regional demand and harm reduction non-governmental networks. Iranian Minister of Interior emphasized that the existence of such network in the region was felt since long ago. During three days of seminar and after briefing members with other activities of participating NGOs, six panels were organized as below: general networking models; providing the experience of NGOs networking by the representatives of international networks; reviewing, modifying and approving letter of association; introducing the plans of candidates and voting to select the members of executive committee; and recommendation for next two years and final conclusions.

89 Also, four workshops were organized: drug abuse community based prevention; HIV control and harm reduction; drug abuse treatment; fascinating financial supports by university instructors and drug addiction specialists for participating NGOs in the seminar. In the second day, letter of association was ratified and Islamic Republic of Iran was selected unanimously as the permanent venue of network s secretariat. In the final day, voting was conducted to select the members of executive committee. On this basis, participants elected Iranian representative as Secretary General. At the conclusion of the seminar, members issues a declaration in which the emphasized on the necessity facilitate and expedite the procedure of formalizing and registering the network legally in member countries through the cooperation and assistant by regional governments. In closing ceremony, website of the network was unveiled. Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 89 Achievements: Selecting I. R. of Iran as the network general manager and treasurer Selecting I. R. of Iran as the venue of secretariat Representing the achievements and experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran in treatment in harm reduction fields to regional countries

90 Introducing the achievements and experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran in treatment in supporting public potentialities in treatment and harm reduction fields Paving the way on the capacities of Iranian NGOs in international levels Knowledge sharing and exchanges on the activities by NGOs in AIDS control and demand reduction Knowledge sharing and exchanges on regional NGOs successful networking Brainstorming on activities of the network and its executive discussions Knowledge sharing and lateral training on drug campaign, treatment, harm reduction, etc. Modifying and approving letter of association Electing secretary and board members of the network Drug Control in Participation and coordination on introducing NGOs in children field in UN Office educational workshop Vulnerable children and drug consumption: necessary measures was jointly organized by DCHQ and UNODC office in Tehran in the framework of technical cooperation program on demand reduction and HIV control in April 214 in I.C.I.C center. NGOs seminar by the attendance of Iranian President Active participation in the workgroup of a meeting by the attendance of NGOs managers in different fields including illicit drugs Financial Assistance to anti narcotic NGOs Based on signed MOU with DCHQ office, 8,45 million Rials in treatment and harm reduction fields were distributed among 34 anti narcotic coordination councils as well as prevention and cultural NGOs. 3, million and 5,45 million Rials were allotted to treatment/harm reduction and prevention/cultural fields in 31 provinces respectively. Likewise, 1,55 million Rials were allotted to 31 provinces to support seminars, festivals, sessions, etc.

91 Coordination in organizing a seminar on the role of social contribution in illicit drug control and reduction in 31 provinces To improve existing capacities of provinces in making anti narcotics more socialization, a one day provincial seminal was predicted and it was decided that each province holds the seminar by using the current capacities. The main items include specialist panels and submitting reports to provincial authorities. It is also emphasized on using all current capacities of the province rather than the capitals of provinces. Cooperation in studying the draft of an act on social and civil association in Ministry of Interior Cooperation and participation in the workgroup of formulating the draft of an act on social and civil association (NGOs) ordered by Islamic Republic of Iran President to facilitate NGO s activities in the country Coordination on organizing specialized committee of social contribution development with universities in East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan To utilize the scientific capacities of provinces, specialized committee of public contribution development and NGOs was empirically founded in East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces. The primary expected aims included: Preparing strategic package(s) on realizing the strategy of DCHQ to socialize fug campaign in the country by using the capacities of the committee Preparing and producing scientific and educational software on knowledge generation and fostering theoretical basics of social contribution in illicit drug campaign in line with the realization of DCHQ strategy to socialize drug combat Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 91 Registering NGOs information in Anti Narcotics National System To achieve the most recent information of active anti narcotics NGOs, a databank is established; so far, the information of NGOs in 23 provinces is registered.

92 The most recent status of activities by anti narcotics NGOs Year Harm reduction Mid term residential centers Cultural and prevention Total Drug Control in Brainstorm meetings with Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Social workers to build the context and using social capacities in controlling and reducing illicit drugs and psychotropic substances Concerning the importance of using social workers capacities in realization of social approach on drug campaign, meeting between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and 1 Social workers including the boards on Iranian Social Workers Association, the official of provincial branches, Iranian Social Workers Clinics Association, relevant academic instructors and director general of social working in responsible organs was organized on May 8, 214. Formulating the draft of a MOU between DCHQ and Tehran Mosques Affairs Center To adopt necessary arrangement for socializing anti narcotic affairs and using the capacities of Mosques Imams in Tehran with emphasis on strengthening religious beliefs, cultural and educational measures and public awareness, a meeting was organized between Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General and Tehran Mosques Imams which yielded to conclude a mutual MOU. Among the most important articles of abovementioned MOU, one can point out using the capacities of mosques and affiliated entities by DCHQ for public awareness and, mutually, using specialized information of DCHQ by Mosques Imams in drug addiction prevention and treatment.

93 Registering experiences in Illicit Drugs and Psychotropic Control and Reduction Experiences Registration System: An effective approach in any field is to build a proper way to use past national and international experiences which can be influential as a part of social capital in qualitative promotion of services and optimized management of resources. To the same reason, this office predicted the registration of NGOs experienced in different prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social support fields to pave the way for converting verbal heritage to written one. Due to the necessity of utilizing current capacities and the principle of designating the authorities, this important task is assigned to the Secretariat of Kerman s Anti-Narcotics Coordination Council to take necessary measures in this field by using the capacities of non-governmental organizations. Chapter seven: the role of NGOs in drug campaign 93

94 Drug Control in 214 Chapter eight: research

95 research The list of 22 research projects: Effectiveness of residential treatment centers for counterpart groups in preventing relapse among addicts in the city of Ahwaz Comparison of changes in the thickness of cerebral cortex among addicts who consume crack with healthy group by MRI images germane to neuropsychological performance Preparation of naltrexone sustained release delivery system to give up drug addiction Clinical effectiveness of matrix model for treatment of drug abusers, Khorassan Razavi Implementation of psychosis resulting from ice consumption in comparison with primary psychotic disorders (temperament and nontemperament among individuals referring to Rouzbeh and Iran within a one year follow up Comparing integrative self knowledge and identity styles with resilience of 17 3 year old children of healthy persons and recovered addicts, Khorassan Razavi Formulating country s comprehensive instrument for social supports and treatment of addiction Epidemiology of drug abuse among students in universities affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and assessment risk and protective factors Comparison of sleep disorders among addicts prior and after intervention through two treatment methods using methadone and abstinence oriented treatment Evaluating family factors affecting addiction among youths and teenagers Chapter eight: International cooperation 95

96 Drug Control in in Sanandaj Exploring facilitating norms causing tendency to narcotic drugs and effective factors among ethnic sub - cultures in Shahrekord Formulating the comprehensive instrument for social supports and drug addiction treatment Determining the spread of addiction in industrial units of Isfahan Exploring demographic features of street addicts in the city of Mashhad (212) Exploring the contagion of single single-nucleotide polymorphism genes of opioid receptors in dependent men and women Comprehensive anti narcotics and psychotropic substances Determining the rate of drug addiction prevalence in Isfahan industrial units Exploring the life styles of addicts referring to drug addiction treatment center in Sanandaj, 213 Studying mental status of male ice addicts referring to treatment centers in Sanandaj in 213 Exploring the reasons of youths tendencies to new illicit drugs in Kurdistan province Estimating the prevalence of consuming drugs, stimulants and psychotropic substances among employees of industrial units The list of research - scientific sessions in 214 Sexual side effects of amphetamines abuse in men, 14 participants Drug analysis method using fingerprints, 75 participants Drug addiction researches in California University (fellowship course report), 16 participants Studying job burnout among drug addiction physicians/psychologists and

97 comparing with their counterparts in other clinics, 118 participants Evaluating ice impurities, 92 participants Roundtable on the role of addicts who openly use drugs in the spread of social crimes, 141 participants Roundtable on the role of international measures in the combat against illicit drugs, 67 participants Neuropsychological side effects of methamphetamine, 61 participants Policies and measures for converting high risk drugs to low risk ones with a criticism of the fourth development plan, 81 participants Comparison of changes in the thickness of cerebral cortex among addicts, 51 participants Evaluating the approach adopted by Iranian movies in portraying addiction and addicts, 58 participants Assist gaining accreditation in Iran, 53 participants Effectiveness of residential treatment centers for counterpart groups in preventing relapse among addicts in the city of Ahwaz, 38 participants Evaluating the effect of methadone maintenance treatment on cognitive performance of individuals addicted to opiates, 47 participants Qualitative evaluation of female addicts in the city of Kerman with emphasis on harms inflicted on the family, 56 participants Preparation of naltrexone sustained release delivery system to give up drug addiction, 48 participants Evaluating the effectiveness of health oriented plan in the behavior of high school students in Kerman, 63 participants Evaluating the effectiveness of life skill trainings on primary prevention among middle school students of Qom province, 7 participants Evaluating the effectiveness of training related to health oriented plan on primary prevention among high school students of Qom province, 4 participants Chapter eight: International cooperation 97

98 Drug Control in Penal policies of fourteen countries in relation with pardoning and commuting the sentences of drug related offenders, 62 participants Narrative analysis of how dependent persons became addicted in Kerman, 79 participants Studying clinical effectiveness of matrix model in the treatment of drug abusers, 68 participants National assessment of mental health and drug use, 65 participants Exploring the consequence of a psychosis resulting from ice consumption in comparison with primary psychotic disorders among individuals who referred to Rouzbeh and Iran Hospitals with a one year follow-up, 112 participants Factors predicting psychotropic substances use among teenagers and youths in the city of Kermanshah by using planned behavior theory, 95 participants 1 th festival on introducing top written works on combating against illicit drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, 22 participants Roundtable on demand reduction and combat against illicit drugs and psychotropic substances supply in different provinces, 483 participants Roundtable on illicit drugs, psychotropic substances and administrative corruption, 15 participants Specialized seminar on the heads of secretaries countrywide, 6 participants Roundtable on behavioral consultancy to reduce drug consumption and risk in treating stimulant consumers (BDRC), 48 participants The seminar of family pathology Shahid Beheshti University, 35 participants Mental Health Seminar, Isfahan Industrial University, 2 participants Social works and discipline seminar, 25 participants Illicit drug national seminar in the sixth development plan, Gonabad University, 32 participants

99 Seminar by Ministry of Welfare, 25 participants Drug addiction knowledge international congress, 1 participants Specialized session of Anti Narcotics Coordination Councils, 935 participants Scientific seminar by Iranian Sociology Association, 154 participants Roundtable on professional illicit drug campaign, 1 participants Specialized roundtable for Police instructors, 2 participants Seminar on socializing drug combat in different provinces, 1592 participants Pedagogy managers seminar, 15 participants Specialized seminar by Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and social Welfare, 1 participants The list of published books and quarterly journals: Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal: 14,8 volumes Social Welfare Quarterly: 12, volumes Books: Methamphetamine addiction; illicit drugs and global combat; overcoming alcohol and drug consumption; training and its link to drug consumption; drugs, women and laws; drug abuse and traffic encyclopedia, vol. 2; drug abuse in international scene; drug and abuse problem treatment by psychotherapy; Ritalin and other drugs with methylphenidate; codeine; hallucinogens; alkaloids; volatile compounds; prescribed tranquilizers; industrial products; Oxford s approach to drug abuse; addition treatment: assignment oriented program; establishing treatment system and neighborhood contributions; advanced ethics for addiction treatment specialists; drug abuse treatment and prevention vol. 1; evaluating crime commission by drug abuse clients; health strategies and social surveillance in drug abuse; clinical guidance on mental problems of drugs and alcohol; structured multidimensional treatment and neighborhood contribution Chapter eight: International cooperation 99

100 professional ethics for drug addiction treatment specialists; health mask on the face of addiction: identification at the time of a destructive behavior; a review of addiction, 28; familiarity with drug realities; addiction consultancy aspects in Iran; criminal behavior treatment and drug abuse; women and addiction: a comprehensive manual brain power curriculum; drug abuse: concepts, prevention, stop; an income on prohibited drugs in sport; an outlook of drug abuse in training environments; drug abuse in international scene; drug addiction among teenagers: the most recent findings on assessment; drug abuse and traffic encyclopedia, vol. 2; amphetamine abuse intervention s, drugs and crime. Drug Control in 214 Organizing training courses DCHQ Research and Training Office organized 49 training courses on different fields to promote the capabilities of 1122 employees of DCHQ Secretariat as well 1111 employees in Anti Narcotics Coordination Councils. 1 Organizing MPG training course: Due to coordination with Shahid Beheshti Medical University on organizing The Master of Public Health (MPH) course, a group of active physicians in drug addiction treatment field was introduced by Research and Training Office to Health School. After passing an entrance test, 18 physicians were admired and participated in relevant classes. For the first time, drug addiction prevention discipline in University of Applied Science and Technology admitted 2 graduate students. The list of supported dissertations To strengthen theoretical backings of drug and psychotropic substances campaign, 53 dissertations in graduate and postgraduate levels are supported by Research and Training Office both materially and spiritually.

101 Dissertations Border markets implications on the security of western part of the country Comparison of primary incompatible plans of defensive mechanisms and identity base in drug addicts and ordinary individuals Comparing character traits and psychological health of persons who have given up addiction with those resuming drug use Anthropological analysis of cultural roots of tendency to traditional drugs in the city of Arak Analysis of drug related crimes in Kashan Analysis of reciprocal tendency, family function and character elements of spouses of addicted persons and its comparison with spouses of persons who are not addicted to drugs Outcomes of intensification of campaign against illicit drugs in reducing tendency to purchase, sell of use drugs Effectiveness of combined life skills training, emotional intelligence and medicine in improving the factors which cause teenagers drug addiction Studying the impacts of administrative sport on learning and spatial memory in mice dependent to morphine: BDNF protein The Islamic Republic of Iran s Drug Diplomacy Designing ET rehab center in Shiraz Evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral cognitive treatment of self efficacy and improvement of confrontational strategies in patients that depend on drugs Drug dependency process and model among young people Evaluating the role of GABA receptors on releasing gamma Amino Butyric acid upon consuming morphine in medical prefrtal of rats by micro-dialysis technique Comparison of character traits, confrontational styles and marital conflicts of addicts in Kiloran Camp in Khoram Abad with those of ordinary people Exploring the relationship between character traits, religious tendency and marital satisfaction with susceptibility of drug addiction among married men and women in Arak Exploring the effectiveness of the behavioral cognitive treatment group on the level of greediness to use drug by individuals referring to Ferdows medical clinic Evaluating the effectiveness of NA Group sessions on the trend of giving up addiction by men ranging from 2 to 5 years of age participated by NA Society in Arak Exploring the role of TV programs broadcasted by nationwide TV channels of IRIB in preventing addiction to narcotic drugs for the viewpoint of citizens of Tehran Chapter eight: International cooperation 11

102 Drug Control in Dissertations Impacts of acute and chronic stress on symptoms of morphine cut among white lab mice Evaluating the common knowledge of DCHQ staff based on ACRL standards Reasons behind the tendency of youths and teenagers to narcotics in Delijan and solutions to counter it Comparative analysis of structure and contents of news and items related to addiction published by Iran and Hamshahri dailies in 139 (Iranian calendar year) Role of self efficacy and positive social and emotional support in foreseeing any return to addiction Adopting a preventive approach toward crimes related to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with the involvement of several organs while emphasizing the performance by DCHQ Primary incompatibility and anti-social projects among homeless dependent women Comparing the effectiveness of group treatment projects and their realities in reducing relapse rate and increase in addicts general health Comparative analysis of job burnout among counselors at addiction clinics and other counseling centers Comparing character traits of addicts who use depressant drugs with addicts who use stimulant drugs among men in Kermanshah province Studying the relationship between transformational leadership style and employees organizational commitment in anti narcotic NGOs Comparing the effective of prevention model by MBRP, matrix model and combined method in relapse prevention Studying emotional intelligence, life quality and personality traits of addicted and nonaddicted men in Shirvan township The effectiveness of personal training approach to harm reduction of spouses of addicted persons covered by methadone maintenance treatment in patients relapse prevention and spouses marital satisfaction increase A practical guidance of drug abuse cognitive and behavioral treatment for women by focusing on their social needs to treatment Effectiveness of training discipline seeking strategies in an emotional process in temptation, cognitive confrontation, emotional schematic and self emotionalize of drug abusers: single test study Causal paradigm of behavioral brain systems, emotional discipline seeking, emotional schematics in tempting people to drug abuse

103 Dissertations The strategies to regulate emotional cognition, defense mechanisms, perceived stress in addicted and non-addicted persons Comparing personality traits and primary incompatibility schematics in addicted and non-addicted persons Comparing the level of mental and spiritual health of addicts in methadone maintenance treatment with addicts in twelve step program Effectiveness of regulating emotion by Gross process model on anger mitigation and in impulsivity drug dependent individuals Comparing the effectiveness of treatment group based on mindset with common treatments in mitigating some relapse factors on opioids abuse Comparing life quality of drug dependent recovering persons in two outpatients and mid-term residential center approaches Studying the impacts of ecstasy injection and its interference with glutamatergic system on the spatial memory of male rats Exploring and ranking drug abuse change factors from traditional to industrial and chemical patterns in the views of addicts Effectiveness of NGOs activities in treating addicts Jurisprudential legal exploration of prolongation of proceedings in anti-narcotics before and after trial and executing the verdict in Zahedan jurisdiction Comparing the satisfaction of sexual satisfaction and physical image of married men with and without addiction to methamphetamine (ice) and opium Studying the impact of social skills training on self efficacy of drug abstinence among high school students in Ahwaz The relationship between spiritual intelligence and performing religious beliefs with tendency to addiction among high school male students in Lordegan city Determining the effectiveness of training self confident on mental health and life quality of women with addicted husbands in Tehran Exploring cognitive behaviors interventions based on relapse determinants on risk taking among treatment seekers by methadone maintenance treatment who refer to addiction treatment centers affiliated to Drug Addiction Studies National Center Exploring the impact of adenosine receptor type 2As on damages of Neurons of hippocampus of rats by using MDMA: a structural, cross-structural and molecular study Chapter eight: International cooperation 13

104 Drug Control in 214 Chapter nine: regional and international cooperation

105 regional and international cooperation By decisive belief in the necessity of regional and international cooperation in fighting against illicit drugs and to implement a balanced anti narcotics strategy, Islamic Republic of Iran has attempted to expand and develop interaction by active participation in regional and international illicit drug sessions and has paved the way for joint interventions in mutual, regional, trans-regional and international levels. To realize such aim, these measures are put in its agenda: 1. Participation in regional and international meetings: Annual meeting of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) in Vienna: The commitments by Islamic Republic of Iran in executing its obligation in the format of regional program, triangular initiative, political declaration, conventions and other relevant UN documents as a part of its major policies in drug campaign as well as the necessity to strengthen the structures and regional cooperation in stopping illicit drug cultivation and production are emphasized. Chapter nine: regional and international cooperation Meeting of Caspian Sea Littoral States (focal points) in Astra Khan, Russia: The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran announced its concern on increase in opioid cultivation and not executing developmental projects especially alternative cultivation Afghanistan and is emphasized on the necessity to foster regional and trans-regional cooperation considering the fact that traffickers are using the route of Caspian Sea Littoral countries. 15 The eleventh advisory and policy-making meeting of Paris Pact in Vienna: In this session, the necessity of utilizing controlling systems by precursors producing countries as well as using pre-export notification (PEN) and utilize capacity of Joint Planning Center (JPC) was emphasized to share information on controlling precursors.

106 Advisory session on organizing UN Special assembly in Vienna: Contribution in issuing joint declaration and supporting the considered ideas in the session and the necessity to monitor Group 77 Extended Bureau in the process of decision making and formulating the documents is emphasized. 49 th meeting of the Sub-commission on Narcotic Drugs in the Middle East and Near in Vienna: The main discussion included the elucidation of a balanced strategy on supply and demand reduction, expounding society based approach by the Islamic Republic of Iran, reporting the seizure of over 1 tons of illicit drugs in recent two years in southern route and effectiveness of information sharing in several cases with Persian Gulf littoral states. Drug Control in 214 HONLEA meeting in Thailand: Iranian delegation provided a report on the most recent activities and seizures, expounded the trend of cooperation with other countries and emphasized on the necessity to strengthen and to utilize regional and transregional structure properly. 16 Follow-up Conference on the obligations of in Neighborliness Conference in Kabul: Iranian delegation called for brainstorming by regional countries and fostering cooperation in drug campaign, the necessity of serious movements in information sharing structures such as JPC and CARICC. 2. Participation in regional sessions The sixth regional workgroup on precursors in Kazakhstan: Islamic Republic of Iran declared its agreement to pilot execution of Operation Substitute. Roundtable on precursors trafficking through Iraq in Vienna: Inserting new precursors in PEN was, inter alia, Iranian delegation s proposals.

107 The First regional session of prosecutors in Kazakhstan: Iranian delegation emphasized on the necessity to share information and experiences among the prosecutors of regional countries. Session on policymaking to execute addiction prevention programs in Kazakhstan: Iranian delegation emphasized on more capacity building for drug addiction prevention plans on in-risk and high risk individuals such the children of addicted parents and using fruitful experiences of NGOs to execute harm reduction programs as well as the fruitfulness of organizing short term educational courses for active physicians in this field. The second regional workgroup to combat illegal applications of economic funds and exchanges in Kyrgyzstan: Iranian delegation represented a report on anti money laundering legal structure as well measures taken in the framework of Financial Information Unit (FIU) in Iran. Regional workshop to promote regional cooperation on controlled delivery and joint research groups in Dushanbe: Iranian delegation provided a report on the Islamic Republic of Iran membership in UN related illicit drug conventions and the execution of controlled delivery operations and emphasized on the necessity to define a practical mechanism for interactions on more controls over illicit drug trafficking in the region between JPC and CARICC. Chapter nine: regional and international cooperation 17 The 4 th session on intelligence officials in the framework of Tehran s triangular initiative: Concerning timely information and operation information on illicit drug trafficking gangs, heroin conversion labs, and the main heads of illicit drugs, it was agreed on a triangular meeting to adopt decision on controlled delivery operation in Tehran Joint Operation Designing Center in 215.

108 11 th session of senior officials of triangular initiative in Tehran: Iranian delegation pointed out the necessity of sharing the results of conducted harmonized operations with aiding countries and agreed with studying the possibility of undertaking controlled delivery operations through a mutual cooperation process and immediate information share on major traffickers. Drug Control in Anti money laundering training workshop in Bucharest: By representing a report on FIU activities in anti money laundering field especially cash sum carriers, Iranian delegation emphasized on the necessity of keeping on training workshops on illegal cash flows via illicit drug trafficking and money laundering in the region. 3. Bilateral cooperation Turkmenistan s high ranking official visit to Iran and agreement to promote cooperation Iranian high ranking delegation visit to Russia Federation to develop mutual, regional and international cooperation

109 Turkmenistan s high ranking official visit to Iran and agreement to promote cooperation Chapter nine: regional and international cooperation 19 Iranian high ranking delegation visit to Russia Federation to develop mutual, regional and international cooperation 4. Meetings and visits Planning and deploying Mini Dublin Group Ambassadors to Dugharun border

110 Planning the visit by Mini Dublin Group Ambassadors to Mashhad Hamraz Golestan NGO A meeting between Mini Dublin Group Ambassadors and Iranian Minister of Interior and DCHQ Secretary General Drug Control in Paving the way for the participation of political representatives and military attaches residing in Iran in the ceremony of International Day

111 against Drug Abuse and illicit Trafficking A meeting between DCHQ Deputy Secretary General and Mrs. Hassanzadeh, Press and Publication Deputy of Afghanistan Culture and Information Minster with the aim of agreements and planning on media and public awareness activities in both countries Vienna UNODC HIV Section Head, Mrs. Beg s visit to Ghezel Hesar Prison and Mehrayin Drop-In Center Briefing meetings with Mr. Abbass Zada, UN help office head in Afghanistan, Mrs. Monica Beg, Vienna UNODC AIDS Section Head, Sergei Subistanski, UN help office in Afghanistan Affairs in Iran Organizing regular working sessions with Mr. Leik Boonwaat, UNODC representative in Tehran and Mr. Nadeem Rahman, the coordinator of Regional Program Afghanistan and Neighboring Countries Affairs in Tehran UNODC Office Operational Deputy, Mr. Demoz s visit to Mehrayin Drop-In Center Chapter nine: regional and international cooperation Cooperation with UNODC office in Tehran Cooperation with UNODC office in Tehran is under the way through two joint documents with UN in anti narcotics field. By organizing steering and expert committees and conducting necessary coordination, DCHQ has paved the ways to execute defined activities in the framework of projects so that more than 7 joint activities have been implemented on demand and supply reduction as well as regional and international cooperation.

112 Drug Control in 214 Triangular Initiative The Triangular Initiative as joint regional endeavors of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan which has been successful in tackling a number of field-level operations designed and conducted by the Joint Planning Cell since 28. plays an important role within a region where the trafficking of illicit drugs, chemical precursors and crime are a major threat to the region and sustainable development as well as to the international community. The TI has also introduced new initiatives to address illicit chemicals trafficking; regional and sub-regional marine cooperation; and alternative livelihoods. UNODC recently launched the networking the networks initiative, aimed at building operational links between existing international and regional law enforcement cooperation organizations such as CARICC, JPC, GCCI, and others. The initiative helps to promote inter-regional criminal intelligence exchange, and provides a platform for coordination of multilateral operations. 112