JAK ÚSPĚŠNĚ PODNIKAT V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH REGIONECH JIHOVÝCHODNÍ MORAVY

Transcription

1 EVROPSKÝ POLYTECHNICKÝ INSTITUT, s.r.o. KUNOVICE 1. SOUKROMÁ VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA NA MORAVĚ SBORNÍK JAK ÚSPĚŠNĚ PODNIKAT V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH REGIONECH JIHOVÝCHODNÍ MORAVY VI. MEZINÁRODNÍ KONFERENCE května 2011, Luhačovice, Česká republika

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3 Kolektiv autorů VI. MEZINÁRODNÍ KONFERENCE JAK ÚSPĚŠNĚ PODNIKAT V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH REGIONECH JIHOVÝCHODNÍ MORAVY Vydavatel, nositel autorských práv, vyrobil: (C) Evropský polytechnický institut, s.r.o., 2011 Publikace neprošla jazykovou úpravou. Za obsahovou správnost odpovídají autoři ISBN

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5 JAK ÚSPĚŠNĚ PODNIKAT V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH REGIONECH JIHOVÝCHODNÍ MORAVY VI. MEZINÁRODNÍ KONFERENCE 2011 Organizován EVROPSKÝM POLYTECHNICKÝM INSTITUTEM, s.r.o. KUNOVICE ve spolupráci s Plechanovou ruskou ekonomickou akademii v Moskvě, Moskevskou podnikatelskou akademií, Moskva, Institutem ekonomiky v Podolsku, College of Economy, Tourism and Social Sciences v Kielcích, Mykolas Romerius University ve Vilniu, Vilnius University ve Vilniu, Akadémiou policajného zboru v Bratislave, Ekonomickou univerzitou v Bratislave, Vysokou školou ekonómie a manažmentu v Bratislave, Vysokou školou v Sládkovičove, Univerzitou Matěja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Žilinskou univerzitou, Fakultou riadenia a informatiky v Žiline Vysokým učením technickým v Brně Předseda programového výboru konference: Ing. Oldřich Kratochvíl, h. prof., Ph.D., CSc., Dr.h.c., MBA

6 PROGRAMOVÝ VÝBOR KONFERENCE Předseda: h. prof. Ing. Oldřich Kratochvíl, Ph.D., Dr.h.c., MBA rektor EPI, s.r.o., ČR MVDr. Stanislav Mišák - hejtman Zlínského kraje, ČR Libor Lukáš - statutární zástupce hejtmana Zlínského kraje, ČR Mgr, Josef Slovák - radní Zlínského kraje Prof. Ing. Karel Rais, CSc., MBA rektor Vysokého učení technického v Brně, ČR Prof. Dr. Viktor I. Grišin, Dr.Sc. rektor REA Moskva, RU Dr. Jan Telus rektor College of Economy, Tourism and Social Sciences in Kielce, Kielce, PL Prof. Dr. Irena Mačerinskiené - Mykolas Romeris University ve Vilniu, Litva Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jogaila Mačerinskas - Vilnius University ve Vilniu, Litva plk. prof. Ing. Václav Krajník, CSc. - rektor Akadémie policajného zboru Bratislava, SK Prof. Ing. Karol Polák, Dr.Sc., Dr.h.c. - rektor VŠ Sládkovičovo, SK Prof. Ing. Tatiana Čorejová, Ph.D. - rektorka Žilinskej Univerzity, SK Prof. PhDr. Beata Kosová, CSc. - rektorka Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, SK Prof. Ing. Viera Cibáková, CSc. rektorka VŠ ekonomie a manažmentu verejnej správy v Bratislave, SK Prof. Ruslan I. Khasbulatov, Dr.Sc. - Ruská Ekonomická Akademie, Moskva, RU Prof. Alan Guinn, Rushmore University, USA Prof. Ing. Petr Dostál, CSc. - VUT Brno, ČR Prof. Dr. Herbert Strunz - děkan Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau, DE Prof. Vladimír V. Tabolin - Moskevská podnikatelská akademie, RU Doc. Ing. Miroslav Mečár, CSc. prorektor pro zahraniční vztahy, EPI, s.r.o. Doc. Ing. Jozef Strišš, CSc. - prorektor pro pedagogickou činnost EPI, s.r.o. Kunovice h. doc. Mgr. Iveta Hashesh, Ph.D., MBA prorektorka EPI, s.r.o. Kunovice, ČR Ing. Jozef Habánik, Ph.D., h.doc. akademický pracovník EPI, s.r.o., Kunovice, ČR Ing. Marek Šimčák, Ph.D. akademický pracovník EPI, s.r.o., Kunovice, ČR Ing. Jindřich Petrucha, Ph.D. akademický pracovník EPI, s.r.o., Kunovice, ČR OPONENTNÍ RADA Prof. Ing. Jaroslav Ďaďo, Ph.D., Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banské Bystrici, SR Prof. JUDr. Jozef Králik, CSc., Akadémia policajného zboru Bratislava, SR Prof. PhDr. Karel Lacina, DrSc., Univerzita Pardubice, ČR Sekce 1: Rozvoj lidských zdrojů v regionech Moderátor: prof. PhDr. Karel Lacina, DrSc. Sekce 2: Podpora přeshraniční spolupráce a inovační tendence v regionech Moderátor: Ing. Jaroslav Kavka

7 OBSAH THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE CURRENT REFORM PROCESS OF THE ECONOMY IN THE CR Oldřich Kratochvíl SEKCE GLOBALIZATION AND FINANCIAL KRISIS Dušan Baran EVALUATION OF TEACHING WITH SELF-REFLECTION Zdeněk Botek, Marta Kratochvílová MICROREGION KRNOVSKO AND THE CZECH - POLISH COOPERATION IN TOURISM, BUSINESS AND DEVELOPMENT Milan Březina 1, Kamil Třos POSITION AND ROLE OF A UNIVERSITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES (IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT TRENDS IN TERTIARY EDUCATION) Vladimír Čechák THE INFLUENCE OF POSITIVE IMAGE AND FIRM COMMUNITY ON STABILIZATION AND RECRUITING THE BEST EMPLOYEES Ivan Dlugoš THE SOLUTION OF DECISION MAKING PROBLEMS IN MATLAB Petr Dostál 1, Oldřich Kratochvíl THE UNITAS PROGRAMME - THE REFORM OF TAX AND CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION REFORM, WITH A VIEW TO UNIFYING THE COLLECTION OF TAXES, CUSTOMS DUTIES AND INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS Juraj Dubovec 1, Vladimíra Hlaváčková INNOVATION IN REGIONAL ECONOMICS AND POLITICS Jaroslav Kavka, Jozef Habánik BASIC PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFICS OF TRADING COMMODITIES Ondřej Šabata POSSIBILITIES OF DRAWING FINANCIAL RESOURCES FROM THE EU IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL MORAVIA Tibor Hlačina, Jaroslav Kavka, Stanislav Vrba COMPUTER PROCESSING OF PORTFOLIOS AND INVESTMENT ON PORTFOLIOS Dušan Marček 1,2, Marek Horváth 3, Lukáš Falát THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL SITUATION ON COMPANY INVESTMENTS Miloš Majerník, Miroslava Lovichová MATHEMATICAL ELEMENTS IN ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS Daniela Hricišáková, Dagmar Vacková, Jitka Jablonická, Iva Jevčáková DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE LAW IN CZECH REPUBLIC - UPCOMING CHANGES TO CIVIL LAWBOOK František Hurbiš, Hanna Banetskaya... 95

8 INNOVATIVE FORMS OF EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITIES TO DEVELOP KNOWLEDGE STUDENT Zuzana Chodasová 1 Anna Jacková MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF ECONOMIC PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR IMPROVING IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Iva Jevčaková, Miroslava Lovichová ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVE RISK TRANSFER TOOLS Zuzana Kozubíková COMMON PROBLEMS OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN ECONOMIES DEVELOPMENT Zuzana Kozubíková TAX POLICY OF THE CR AND ITS IMPACT ON BUSINESS Yvona Legierska IMPERATOR COMPANY BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND INNOVATION TENDENCIES Miloš Majerník THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL SITUATION ON COMPANY INVESTMENTS Miloš Majerník, Miroslava Lovichová THEORETICAL ISSUES OF KEY INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IDENTIFICATION IN CZECH POPULATION Antonín Malach 1, Josef Malach MEASUREMENT OF UNCERTAINTY IN MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING Milan Marček DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE RIGHTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - FORTHCOMING CHANGES TO THE COMMERCIAL CODE František Hurbiš, Alena Hanzová VÝVOJ PRÁVNÍHO PROSTŘEDÍ PRO PODNIKÁNÍ V ZAHRANIČNÍM OBCHODU ( A NEJEN V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH OBLASTECH) Pavel Matoušek SPA TREATMENT AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MORAVIAN SILESIAN REGION Monika Motyková THE TESTING OF STATISTICAL HYPOTHESES AN IMPORTANT MEANS OF STATISTICAL INDUCTION Miroslav Novotný, Iva Jevčaková TRADE BALANCE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND ITS IMPACT ON THE COUNTRY S ECONOMY Ladislav Obdržálek, Vladimíra Hlaváčková, Radek Habarta INSURANCE MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AFTER Ladislav Obdržálek, Jaroslav Kavka GOLD RESERVES OF CENTRAL BANKS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT Ladislav Obdržálek, Jaroslav Kavka THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE TEACHING OF THE FOREIGN TRADE - SELF CONFIDENCE IN THE BUSINESS Jan Prachař

9 CURRENT TREND OF INDIRECT TAXES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND IN SLOVAKIA Ondřej Šabata IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE IDENTITY IN CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION AS FACTOR OF IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS Lenka Šimorová CURRENT CONDITIONS FOR GRANTING CREDIT TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SME) Staníková Zuzana, Kozubíková Zuzana MARKETING PLANNING IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Jozef Strišš, Jaroslav Kavka COMPARISON OF ACCOUNTANCY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND IN SLOVAKIA AND INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Ondřej Šabata, Jaroslav Ďaďo NEW VIEWS ON MARKETING MIX Jozef Strišš 1, Anna Závodská PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION Alexander Turan JMENNÝ REJSTŘÍK

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11 THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE CURRENT REFORM PROCESS OF THE ECONOMY IN THE CR Oldřich Kratochvíl European Polytechnic Institute, Ltd. Abstract: Nowadays, the Czech Republic has been facing the series of unavoidable reform processes the aim of which is to regenerate the public finances and to increase the competitiveness of the Czech Republic. The content and the schedule of the reform are under significant discussion of the whole society to which the academic village must be involved. The serious problem is the load capacity of the suggested reforms, their impact on the social conditions of the citizens. The essential problem is both the ethical impact of the reform onto the population and politicians responsibility and that of the elite of the nation for the further destiny of this country. Key words: Debt crisis, Greece, Italy, Germany, Ireland, the pact for competitiveness, deficit, pension reform, the reform of health system, tax reform, VAT, the ethics of reforms, social load capacity for the reform, life philosophy, lobbyist interests. Dear Colleagues, We are meeting at the 6th International conference How succeed in Business at Cross border Regions of Southeast Moravia in Luhačovice and we follow the two international conferences University as a Facilitator of Society and Regional Development and ICSC - International Conference on Soft Computing Applied in Computer and Economic Environments of January 2011 and partly as well the international students conference The Forecast of our Civilization Development in 21st century in Kroměříž. I am pleased to inform you that the auspices to the conference has been accepted by Mr. RNDr. Petr Nečas, the prime minister. I heartily welcome rectors, vice rectors, deans, professors, associate professors, managing directors of companies, politicians from central, district and local levels, managing directors and specialists from companies and public authorities and students. We are meeting in the middle of the rapid development when our civilization is shaken by global crisis, when the countries of the Euro Atlantic area have gone through mortgage, financial and at the end the debt crisis during the last ten years. We are threatened by the inability of governments to finance the national budgets without the foreign financial support and reasonable regulation both in Greece and high probability counts for Ireland, Italy, Spain which threatens the whole European Union and in the case it is not solved the economy of Germany, which is our customer for 80% of foreign trade, can be influenced. Graph no. 1. The government debt of threatened countries in the Euro zone. (Greece, Ireland, Portugal) Source: Eurostat 11

12 Germany and EU are the main customer for foreign trade of China and that is the reason why those areas could be influenced. The important topic of our reality is the issue of reforms. Nobody doubts their need. The reason is that Europe does not get older only but also it has been losing the competitiveness. The Euro zone has supported the mutual trade ( it helped the nearest environment) but it has not brought the expected better allocation of capital. The capital started flowing into the economies that offered a better interest yield but the higher risk was the cost. The creditors (mostly banks of the core countries in Euro zone) ignored the risk (they expected that the more risky economies will be supported) and they realized it in the crisis and involved it into the expectation. The Euro zone encouraged the overheating of some peripheral economies and the slower growth of the core economies. The often ignored reality: on account of the living standard in Germany the capital flew into the risky state and private debt in Ireland and the south wing of the Euro zone. Germany has subscribed its current economical success. Countries like Greece or Portugal have got a low competitiveness (e.g. slow growth, high primary deficit, deficit in foreign trade and current account. The required structural reforms are not satisfactory for solution of problems in the Euro zone which has to change its institutional frame. The following graph of debts and deficit of EU countries in 2010 confirms and demonstrate the unfavourable situation in the area. Graph no. 2.: Debts and deficit of EU countries in 2010 Source: Eurostat Graph no. 3 demonstrates the negative movement in the relation of debts and deficits in EU in Dluh/HDP v % Deficit/HDP v % Graph no 3.: Debts and deficits in EU in 2010 Source: Eurostat In order to increase the competitiveness of EU countries Germany and France suggested 6 points which strive for the price competitiveness, stability of the public finance and determination of the lowest limit of GDP for the investment support into research, education and infrastructure development to be evaluated. 12

13 This so called Pact for competitiveness suggests: Leave the system of regular wage valorisation Mutual recognition of university degree and professional qualification which will lead to improvement of labour forces mobility in Europe Gradual harmonisation of corporate tax Adjustment of the pension systems to the demographic development ( higher age for retirement) The accountability of the member states to take the structural deficit as illegal Creation of the system for the national crisis management for banks. The Czech Republic is a part of the society and that is why we were significantly influenced by the Pact for competitiveness. The Czech Republic starts the period for system reform changes. The following are among the most important: Pensions reform Welfare system reform Tax reform There is no doubt about the need for reform due to the state finance. The reforms have been taking place in all countries of EU. We have to ask the following questions: Will the suggested reforms bring the improvement of the current situation? Is the cost of reforms distributed evenly on the whole society? Will the reforms survive the election period of this government? The answer to these questions should be given by politicians of governing parties and opposition as well as in the future only parameters might change not the system. The reforms brought a lot of ethics questions. The significant one is the question of increased VAT impact on health care. The government income from VAT is demonstrated by the table below. (VAT creates 20% of the total income of the government. Graph no. 4.: Total collection of VAT Source: Ministry of Finance One third of the increased VAT will be paid by insurance companies and two thirds will be paid by hospitals which have been underfinanced for long time. We can expect the partnership of patients will increase from 17% to 18%. Another ethics problem in health care is over standard paid care for patients. The possibility for richer patients to choose the top quality doctor implies the question if the poor patients will have a worse service. Even the specialists in the health care argue about the basic principle according which the more experienced doctor should deal with complicated issues without any evaluation of the richness of the patient. The health care has been underfinanced for long time as it is shown on the graph no

14 Graph no. 5.: Income and spending of Insurance companies in the CR Source: Ministry of Finance Its development is realized on the account of the doctors salary. It is realistic that the growth of doctors payment is to be ensured. Graph no. 6.: Average salary of doctors in hospitals Source : Ministry of Finance What will happen if the principles of the appeal Thank you, we are leaving (Remonstrance against the situation in the Czech health care. At that time doctors handed in the notice leaving on 1 st March 2011) is accepted by other unions, professions e.g. fire brigade? It is clear that the substance of the current crises is the ethics and moral crisis and absence of meaningful philosophy. The political elite and lawyers elevated the lobbyist interests of small groups over the general needs of economical development of the country. The result is the huge corruption solved by nobody (privatization of Mostecká uhelná, Škoda Plzeň, airplanes Gripen, Army vehicles Pandur and hundreds of small cases). Besides this apparent corruption we have huge sector of grey corruption economy regarding grants and subsidies for activities, which hardly support the society development. The sources are allocated 14

15 by narrow specialists who direct them for their mutually benefit and they are not interested in those who had to create the value. This development passed the neither the educational system nor health care. If we add the problem of low efficiency of our economy and low productivity not only in factories but also in educational sector and health care we have the things to think about during the conference. I wish you dear colleagues, That we succeed mutually in seeking the answers for questions I mentioned and for those that will be brought by life. I would like you to prepare serious and positive society vision. I wish you that results of your work significantly influence the life of people in our regions. AUTHOR Ing. Oldřich Kratochvíl, h. prof., Ph.D., CSc., Dr.h.c., MBA Rector European Polytechnic institute, Ltd. Osvobození Kunovice Czech Republic 15

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19 GLOBALIZATION AND FINANCIAL KRISIS Dušan Baran European Politechnical Institute Ltd., 1st Private University in Moravia Abstract: Every small variance from the economic trend, positive or negative, will cause chain reaction on financial markets and then in the world economy, in present information and economically interconnected world. Because client lends money for investment, for example house, from bank institution, which depends on resources from other creditors through financial markets, we can see that not even state budgets, that must help commercial institutions to prevent bankruptcy, which would lead to total economic doom, are spared from the problems. Key words: money system, globalization, banking, development, stock exchanges, debt, interest, financial markets, liquidity. 1 HISTORY OF MONEY The exact origin of money is unknown. Keynes once wrote: Money, as the other elements of civilizations, are covered in mist when the glaciers were melting and they may originate in the ancient time periods of human history between the glacial periods, when there was great weather and free mind to think about the new ideals - on the Hesperides isle or in Atlantis or Eden of Central Asia. [1, p. 42] At the beginning of mankind it was unthinkable for one man to want anything from another person, because he could get or produce anything he needed. As the society started to develop, first "business relations" between people and whole families started to appear, mostly in barter form. It means if man made for example a spear, he could trade it for clothes. When this does not seem so important, this specialization on some, we can say goods, the speed of mankind development increased greatly. There was only one step to real money remaining. This time period started at about the start of iron age when there was necessity of something we call money today, because if I am making fur coats, I would die from starving during the summer. If I sell enough fur coats during the winter, I am paid with money and I can buy food during summer. It is very simple for modern man, but before it was used in practice there was the longest time period in the life of mankind. Of course there were no notes at that time, it was anything that could last and could be used for example more often. In the time people started to use gold and silver, coins were made and notes as we know them today started sometimes in 16th century. Today we know only bank money. These originate in the great development of commercial banking in 20th century. [13] The origin of present banks can be seen in the goldsmiths' workshops who understood long time ago that they can offer different services such as storing of coins and jewelry and to lend these later to gain some profit. It was enough to have some relative part of gold in reserve and the rest of the resources could earn some profit. This was the practical origin of banking. There is also the fact from bank history, that there were rumors of insolvency and the risks of business and these caused raids on banks, resulting in bankruptcies in the whole history, that led into foundation of federal reserve systems in the United States (Fed) 1 in 1913, to establish some firm rules and to force the bank sphere to create some obligatory bank reserves to prevent such bankruptcies. [2, p. 137] 1.1 ORIGIN OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM The main features of the present monetary system were defined in pre-victorian England. We can say that this system has been accepted by every country in the world, no matter if poor or rich countries, but also by the former socialist countries, even though there were some changes implemented, mainly the fact that banks are owned by state and not the private sector. If we get deeper into history, we will learn that there was great change in 17th century when we can speak about the monetary system very similar in basic features to our present system. Of course the changes in 17th and 18th century implementing for example the possibility of interest, etc., that had been banned for 1 Fed - The Federal Reserve System central banking system of the United States of America 19

20 more than twenty centuries, enabled the development of industrial revolution and financial houses, for example banks and stock exchanges with extraordinary growth. The national currencies were established in the industrial age, because national states became the ideal of power. National currencies were one of the most powerful tools of that time for many years. Even though all the national currencies were the dominating factor of all the states, we cannot forget that there was also some currency that was possible to use all over the world, and that currency was gold. Nothing of this is valid today. United States stopped to define the value of dollar in gold in We can say that the real value of money is not material any more. We can see how money change in the hands of bankers, financial brokers and other subjects into computer data. We are speaking about money magic today. This term is used because the simple question "Where do the money come from?" is part of these supernatural worlds. [1, p.50-51] Central banks do not create any money, so "where do they come from?!" 1.2 THE SECRET OF MONEY BANK DEBT Yes, the title of this chapter says everything. The money originate in the loan provided by the central bank to commercial banks, or in mortgages and other bank products of commercial banks provided to the citizens and companies for buying of real estate, business activities, etc. Every Dollar, Euro or Crown in circulation originates in bank debt. Simply, every Crown you borrow from bank to buy anything is based on the fact that bank transfers this sum to your account. This is the moment when all the money "are born". If central bank and thus also the state, because the state is indirectly managing the central bank, needs money, it issues debt securities in order to satisfy commercial banks and through them also other subjects, and all this is just another debt INTEREST It is impossible not to describe this "devil" connected to the working of money when describing the monetary system. We must realize that the interest coming from provided loans plays a important role in our monetary system and clearly it is one of the main creators of the modern history. The impact of interest implemented in our monetary system is described by Bernard Lietaer in his book The future of money. [1, p ] The interest is indirectly encouraging the systematic competitiveness between the system's participants. The interest is encouraging the need of continuous growth, even if the real living standard stands still. The interest concentrates the wealth by taxing the major group to the benefit of minor group. If money are used in a reasonable way, they have great potential to contribute to the wealth of whole societies, but if the cash flow runs dry, this will cause great trouble, misery and maybe also suffering. We are witnessing this and we will wait till the demand increases, because there is plenty of supply. We are able to produce enough food for every person on this planet, we can also give work to everyone, but we are not able to pay everyone for that and that is the main problem of our system. 2 GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD Thanks to the interconnection of all the households, organizations, firms, corporations and states more and more problems and questions connected to the social, economical or political spheres become global, thus overreaching the scope of managers, politicians and governments. Globalization is in any case connected with the interconnection of financial markets, firms and state interests. It is caused by new technologies, satellite connection, cellular phones, computers and Internet network, that started this development and brought unusual and very cheap supply of information. This also led to the boom of electronic trading on the stock exchange system of any state of European Union, America and the whole world. Second, also very important part are the thirty years lasting deregulations, privatizations, the accentuated export strategy of states and thus increasing global trade connected to the growth based on the export policy. Increasing number of extremist groups, fundamentalism, etc. is the reaction to globalization. The present time, when governments of advanced countries must deal with this situation connected with growth of 20

21 poverty and related migration, failure of production, transfer of production into developing countries, presses on the restructuring of state economy and the society. Great social networks for quickly growing cities and their citizens spend unimaginable public funds every year. Of course the globalization has also the better sides such as awareness of people about political, economical and social events in the world and this helps to strengthening the world's democracy, overthrowing dictatorial systems of government and aside of the junk such as commercial films, videogames and pornography there is also the technological development of the world which helps to improve the environment. Although I personally think that market can handle the stuff concerning the nature and environment on its own, I had to mention them. [3, p. 10] 2.1 GLOBALIZATION, AND WHAT WILL FOLLOW In the previous chapter I tried to outline the changes in the society and economy, that had led to the start of globalization and continuous acceleration and that caused many economical, financial and social-civil "collisions", that were unavoidable. Everything heads to these collisions, as you can see on the present world financial crisis that originates not-important where, but quickly spreading all around the world. The higher involvement of poor people, employees, minorities should contribute to the transformation of global economy, to ensure the transparency and equality in the creation of modern world. The transformation of global economy will require involvement of neglected feedback, starting with natural and local ecosystems and also from people who are part of it but who are pushed by different forms of globalization to the edge of events. The way to the transformation of global economy, as seen by Hazel Henderson, shows the way of the right development. [3, p ] First level: Second level: Third level: Fourth level: Fifth level: Sixth level: global system, human society exceeding the borders of nations and its impact on the ecosystem of the planet international system including the developing agreements, treaties and alliances between nations - exceeding the Westphalia system national/state system, sovereignty and local economical sphere system of firms, global corporations, privileges and mechanisms of managing regional and local system, small entrepreneurs, autonomy, community organizations civil society, voluntary non-profit groups, civil sector from the local one to the global one Seventh level: family/individual, scheme of culture, organization and behavior Table No.1 : The way of global economy changes Source: [3, p. 40] No government has any chance to resist the globalization. Globalization is very powerful, not even central banks on any levels can change using their tools. 3 FUNCTIONS AND SEGMENTATION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS 3.1 POSITION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS IN THE ECONOMY Financial markets play a very important role in every economical system. They are tool that connect the financial resources from different subjects, those with surplus or deficiency of such resources. If financial markets work, they are able to transfer the capital from the subjects with surplus of capital to those with deficiency, and this way ensure the most effective use of such capital. Also there is the very important function of ensuring liquidity. There are irreplaceable functions of financial markets in the economy, the most important of them are 21

22 allocation of financial resources, determination of prices, ensuring the liquidity, diversification of risks, decreasing the transaction costs and managing the companies. The free capacity of financial resources comes mainly from households. 4 THEORY OF FINANCIAL CRISES 4.1 ORIGIN AND PROCESS OF CRISES There are many theories why there are economic cycles. In general we can summarize them in following three levels: Instability on the demand side Instability on the supply side Structural fluctuations Growth of real GDP peak expansion recession Saddle(bottom) Time Pic. No.1: Business cycle Source: [9 p. 501] Crises coming in so called waves are part of the monetary system and we must get used to them. It is very simple, such as the wedding is the first step to divorce, also the start and growth of economy is the first step to the crisis that has to come. It has to come because everyone who is part of the economy, ordinary people, firms and state will contribute to the fact that after the time period of getting into debts, increasing of living standards and no necessity to save money, the fall must come. The fall is caused by the fact that there are no money to repay the loans, mortgages for all the consumer goods and housing. Of course, there is great influence of media that will speed things up. If you hear all the time how everything is going to get wrong, you will start spending money and buy the goods that is not necessary for the living. Banks have problems with operating and investment capital, firms do not get any operating and investment loans, the production stops, dismissing of people and bankruptcy of firms. State does not get enough direct and indirect taxes and it has to start issuing the debt securities, for which banks respond after the interest is increased, the banks have even less money for the private sector and the circle is closing. Financial crisis is also the result of wrong monetary and budgetary policy of governments that indirectly move citizens to lend, to change the money for goods even if this means excessive indebtedness. Indebtedness of the advanced western world is high. With increasing indebtedness the stability of the system is in danger. But the state debts has been kept relatively low till 1970s. But since then the advanced economies started to aggressively let the social limits out. We are speaking about social revolution and social-market economy. For example in Germany the state debt 2 of 1970s was 18,1 percent GDP, it is expected 70 percent GDP in The rate of public debt 3 to GDP was 31,4 percent in France in 1970s, in 2 State debt summary indebtedness of government (central or federal) 3 Public debt summary indebtedness of government and lower autonomies (regions and towns) 22

23 1990ss it was 67,2 percent. Generally speaking, there are only four possibilities how to deal with this situation: State bankruptcy. Issuing of additional debt securities will probably lead to point No. 1 Increase of incomes (increase of taxes) Decrease of costs 4.2 MODELS OF FINANCIAL CRISES References of origins and causes of bank crises are stated in some financial dictionaries for example as "the cause of bank crisis is usually the excessive supply of loans that are not paid by the excessively indebted clients in the redemption date [5, p. 14] Among the basic models of financial crises of present financial economics are: [14] Financial crisis caused by excessive loan expansion Financial crisis caused by wrong macro-economical policy Financial crisis caused by financial panics Financial crisis caused by deflation of price bubble Financial crisis caused by market failure Financial crisis caused by excessive inflow of foreign capital Financial crisis caused by institutional deficiency of economy Financial crisis caused by economical cycles and structural problems Financial crisis caused by the group of factors. CONCLUSION The topic of financial crises is of course greatly publicized in media and it is a very published topic, but none the less, it is very important topic and it influences all the spheres and activities of life and it influences things that person, who is unfamiliar with this topic, would never think of. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] LIETAER, B. Budoucnost peněz. Košice : Paradigma.sk, p. ISBN X. [2] KRUGMAN, P. Návrat ekonomické krize. Praha : Vyšehrad, p. ISBN [3] HENDERSONOVA, H.Za horizontem globalizace. Praha : Dharma Gaia, ISBN [4] BARAN, D. Základy kapitálového trhu. Bratislava : STU, p. ISBN [5] BENEŠ, V. a kol.: Bankovní a finanční slovník. 1. vyd. Praha : Svoboda Libertas, p. ISBN [6] SCHIFF, P.D.; DOWNES, J. Důkaz pádu. Brno : Computer press, p. ISBN [7] FISHMAN, C. Ted. China, Inc.: Jak Čína drtí Ameriku a svět. Praha : Alfa Publishing, p. ISBN [8] KOHOUT, P.O původu dluhu.mladá fronta DNES. 2009, roč. 20, č. 258, p. A11. [9] HOLMAN, R. Ekonomie. Praha : C. H. Beck, p. ISBN [10] KOHOUT, P. Finance po krizi:důsledky hospodářské recese a co bude dál. Praha : Grada Publishing, a.s., p. ISBN [11] JENÍČEK, V. Globalizace světového hospodářství. Praha : C. H. Beck, p. ISBN [12] FOSTER, J.B.; MAGDOFF, F. Velká finanční krize,příčiny a následky. Všeň : [13] PETER VON FEJSTEJN, Historie peněz, měnových systémů a peněžních unií díl 1, Naše vojsko [on-line] [cit ]. Dostupný z WWW: < ISSN : [14] MUSÍLEK, P. Analýza příčin a důsledků české finanční krize v 90. Praha, s. Výzkumná studie. Vysoká škole ekonomická v Praze, Grantová agentura České republiky. Dostupný z WWW: < [15] ŠPAČKOVÁ, I. Před 80 lety zkrachoval Wall Street, krize pohltila celý svět, MF dnes [on-line]. 23

24 2009.[cit ]. Dostupný na WWW:< [16] PENET, D. Největší světové krize. Ekonom [online], 2009 [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: < ISSN I1213-SN [17] KUDLÁČEK, L. Vznik hospodářské krize: Reálný propad ekonomiky, nebo jen mediální bublina,velká epocha [on-line] [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: < ISSN [18] Tisková zpráva společnosti Home Credit. Moderní způsob financování sekuritizace. Finance.cz. [online] [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW:< ISSN [19] USA. [online] [cit ]. Dostupné na WWW:< [20] USA. [online] [cit ]. Dostupné na WWW: [21] USA. [online] [cit ]. Dostupné na WWW: =0&MA1=0&C5=7&C5D=1&C6=1988&C7=6&C7D=31&C8=1996&C9=2&CF=0&symbol= %24COMPX&nocookie=1&SZ=0&CP=0&PT=11 ADRESS: Prof. Ing. Dušan Baran, PhD. Evropean polytechnical institu, Ltd. Osvobození Kunovice barandukomplex.cz 24

25 EVALUATION OF TEACHING WITH SELF-REFLECTION Zdeněk Botek, Marta Kratochvílová Gymnázium Uherské Hradiště Abstract: There are some parameters at school which can be measured, assessed and evaluated for example the percentage of successful applications for university studies, the percentage of applicants to the school itself related to the number of its vacant places, the average results of students in individual subjects, in classes or in passing years as well as the number of completed lectures or courses of further education of teachers. One of the parameters which is difficult to estimate is the quality of pedagogical work which is the main activity in which all contributing factors should be included. This conference paper tries to interpret our experience with the involvement of our students into school self-evaluation and it shows our experience with students views on our pedagogical process. Key words: evaluation, self-evaluation, Student s view This method is common at universities, where lecturers are informed after a term about the students views on their lectures or seminars. Fifteen years ago, we asked the students of Uherske Hradiste Gymnasium for the first time to evaluate the work of their teachers. After a few first attempts we set the rules of so called Student s view : 1. A student expresses his/her opinion only once after the third year of studies when the tuition of general subjects is nearly over and students are The student s assessment is assigned only for the headmaster of the school. 3. The teachers can ask the headmaster for their results and compare them with the results of the whole school in the same subject and also with further results of the school subjects. Of course, during the 15 year s period, there were many discussions if a student of a secondary school has a right to express his opinion on teaching process and if his views have a sufficiently predicative value. Exploring our experience lasting many years we can answer both these questions YES. Students evaluation of teachers work is very responsible and critical and their opinions agree in many aspects with the headmaster s knowledge. The students appreciate positively if the teachers are demanding, consistent and devoted. On the other hand, a lack of teacher s interest or inability to captivate students is put in a negative way. Let s to introduce the form we use with our students. There are 12 paragraphs altogether, one for each subject, below each paragraph there is some space for personal supplementary commentaries. Here it is for one subject, e.g. Czech: Czech the teacher: 1. The ability to create good working conditions and the atmosphere of cooperation a b c d e 2. Teacher s professional readiness for the subject teaching a b c d e 3. The ability to explain the matter a b c d e 4. The style of teaching and culture of demonstration a b c d e 5. The correctness in exams and in evaluation of students a b c d e 6. The stability of knowledge and the depth of subject understanding a b c d e The range of answers is described in the beginning of the text: Answers: a excellent I am enthusiastic b very good I am very satisfied c good I am satisfied d weak I am not satisfied e too weak I am discontented 25

26 What are our conclusions after 15 years during which we got roughly marks from 150 students every year? we can claim that such a wide sample of answers gives us a real reflection of teachers work these students messages were a reward for many teachers for their excellent pedagogical work lasting many years on the other hand for many of them, a critical evaluation was a shake-up from the feeling of calm, and many of them did nott want to know their results in the following years the numeric equivalents of the evaluation of a teacher of a single subject or a class reflected usually truly the work. However, some commentaries of individual students influenced very negatively feelings of hardworking and responsible teachers due to the fact that mathematics cannot appreciate any average work, the impression of many successful teachers caused by an average result was very disappointing and negative on the other hand the stable teacher s good results had a positive impact when they helped the teacher if some parents wanted to impeach his/her qualities. The objections to the fair-mindedness in examinations were easy to refute because of the former positive evaluations by many students. What are the results we got out of our students answers? First, we have the really interesting data from the first year of Student s view. The teachers reached the average result 1.68 and all the students in their school reports got Nearly the same values prove the balance of views. Moreover the final result of the Student s view with 1.68 gives us evidence that 2/3 of students are very satisfied and 1/3 are enthusiastic. We take this fact as a very positive evaluation of our work at school. Four years later, in 2000/2001 the value of Student s view dropped to 2,02 and the following table of subjects shows us that not the demand factor of the subject but the teachers qualities influenced the students satisfaction. Student s view on education school year 2000/2001 Evaluation of subjects: The whole school: Maths 1.5 I am enthusiastic 2117 Biology 1.62 I am very satisfied 1799 History 1.67 I am satisfied 1099 Physics 1.91 I am not satisfied 393 Physical Education 1.95 I am discontented 114 Chemistry 2.14 English ,02 French 2.24 Humanities 2.25 Czech.27 German 2.34 Geography 2.54 How are the tables set together and valued every year? According to the subjects: Each subject has the results of all the teachers in the 3 rd form (from 2 in Arts and Music to 10 in English) According to the alphabet: Each teacher has as many lines as many subjects he teaches in the third form. According to the average evaluation: We get a ladder e.g. from the average result 1.1 to 3.76 and just this ladder is an impulse for the headmaster to have an interview with the teachers who are not successful in their work in accordance with the students views. The next point to think about is the evaluation of single questions. The differences in the teachers results in 6 given questions have a great predicative value and the differences between the result in the criterion of professional readiness and the criterion of the ability to create the atmosphere of cooperation is in extreme cases up to 2 degrees. Fifteen-year experience with Student s view at our school leads us to recommend a similar procedure at other schools. Nevertheless, it is necessary to point out that it is absolutely essential to respect all above 26

27 mentioned principles. An experiment of one school, where their students had the form at home and the family councils solved how to evaluate the teachers and afterwards the results were made public in the staffroom, cannot be accepted as it will do more harm than good. ADRESS: Zdeněk Botek Gymnázium Uherské Hradiště Velehradská třída 218, Uherské Hradiště, tel fax Marta Kratochvílová Gymnázium Uherské Hradiště Velehradská třída 218, Uherské Hradiště, tel fax

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29 MICROREGION KRNOVSKO AND THE CZECH - POLISH COOPERATION IN TOURISM, BUSINESS AND DEVELOPMENT Milan Březina 1, Kamil Třos 2 1 Městský úřad Veselí nad Moravou, 2 Sdružení zdravotně postižených občanů a jejich přátel, Ostrava Abstract: This report analyzes the basic tools of business strategy, program of business support and development of the region Krnov. Development of strategic documents dealing with unemployment, supporting and the development of the Moravian region. Strategy Documents of strategyof regional tourism support and development of this area are the Programs of business support and the development of border areas of the region. Key words: Microregion Krnov, North Moravia and Slezsko, Czech - Polish cooperation, Euroregion,an association of municipalities, the European Union, strategy, region, program, infrastructure, tourism, economy, investment, public administration, the border region, transport, travel industry, tourism, monuments, information center, nature, rest in the region, economics, cooperation, business, environment, human resources, education, unemployment. The main strategic aim of developing the Moravskoslezsky region is the sustained growth in quality of life. Basis for further development of the region are activities that are focused on the development of human potential, economic restructuring, improving basic infrastructure, improving the level of urban and rural environments, the reconciliation of environmental protection requirements with the strategic objectives of economic development, increasing tourism development, international expansion and cross-border cooperation region. Therefore, individual communities together to protect certain functions and form a microregions to become a fully integrated part of the county with a significant role in the cultivation of land, cultural heritage preservation and alternative lifestyles. FORMATION OF THE MICROREGION KRNOVSKO At the turn of 1989 and 1990 negotiations began in Krnov, whose main point was the restoration of relations between the Czech and Polish municipalities in the border regions and the opening of the Polish-Czech border. Actual development cooperation, however, inhibited slow progress of negotiations between the Czechoslovak and Polish authorities. Therefore, border communities have initiated the transfer of emphasis Czech-Polish cooperation at a regional level and from the early nineties and originated in the Czech and Polish parts of Slezsko associations of cities and municipalities should develop cooperation with partners on the other side of the border. The common aim of these activities was to create the Euroregion Slezko, which was created in about Due to the difficulty of reconciling the different expectations and requirements of Slezsko and clarification of issues of competence, however, to prevent the establishment of the Euroregion. Therefore, in the second half of the nineties Czech-Polish regional cooperation was transferred into smaller areas, one of those areas was also Krnovsko. In the nineties, both countries began to attempt an entry to the European Union. That s why the opportunity to support projects of the European Union was realized. Town Krnov maintains long-standing partnerships with a total of eight foreign towns. They are - Głubczyce, Prudnik, Minsk Mazowiecki, then Yukon (USA), Pefki (Greece), Karben (Germany), Telšiai (Lithuania), Saint Egréve (France). The cooperation with the town Głubczyce links with the town Krnov is linked with the partnership agreement, which was according to the directives of the European Union formally signed by representatives 29

30 of both cities The most important event of cross-border cooperation between Glubczyce and Krnov is a traditional festival Hornoslezsky Festival held every year. During this festival there is an unique opportunity to convergence and the changeover of two cultures through folklore, cultural, sport and other performances. TASKS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE REGION KRNOV The region supports the development of border areas particularly in these fields of activities: Exchange of experiences and information on regional development Exchange of experience and information on labour market Cooperation in municipal planning Solutions common interests in transport, communications and public safety Solutions to common problems of ecology and environment cooperation in the prevention of dealing with the consequences of natural disasters Cooperation in economic and commercial fields Development of tourism and travel industry, including development and further improvement of border dealing Making events to support the development of culture, education and sport, in particular, to provide information on individual activities Cultural exchange and management of common cultural heritage Mutual cooperation and mountain rescue services in the Euroregion Cooperation between schools and youth in the Euroregion Microregion Krnovsko is located in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic, in Slezsko by the Czech- Polish border. It totally includes 25 municipalities respectively 67 cadastral areas. Krnovsko borders on the west with the newly created district Jeseník, the northern boundary is the same as the state border with Poland, from the southeastern it borders with the district Opava and the southern border is with the new Little Region Bruntal. Climate of the microregion is divided into three parts: the smallest with a warm climate, the largest with a slightly warm to cold climates. The average annual temperature is 7.8 C, an average January temperature is 2.3 C, an average July temperature is 17.8 C. An average annual rainfall is about 600mm. Population of each municipality within the micro Krnovsko are these: Bohušov inhabitants, Brantice inhabitants, Býkov - Láryšov inhabitants, Čaková inhabitants, Dívčí Hrad- 262 inhabitants, Heřmanovice inhabitants, Hlinka inhabitants, Holčovice inhabitants,hostalkova inhabitants, Janov inhabitants, Jindrichov inhabitants, karst inhabitants, Krnov - 25,641 inhabitants Lichnov inhabitants, Liptaň inhabitants, Town Albrechtice inhabitants, Osoblaha inhabitants, Petrovice inhabitants, Ruthenians inhabitants, Slezske Pavlovice people, mineral water, Slezske Rudoltice inhabitants, Tremesna inhabitants, Úvalno inhabitants, Vysoká inhabitants, Zátor inhabitants. The increase and decrease in population - the highest population growth was recorded in Osoblaha the period , about 36.1% higher, while the highest recorded population declined in Petrovice and Rusin community in the period , and by more than one half. The national composition: Czech (89.27%), Moravian (2.47%), Silesians (0.69%), Slovaks (3.33%), Polish (0.34%), Germans (0.39%), Roma (0.19%), Greeks (0.80%), not identified (1.60%). The highest proportion of people claiming to be the Czech nationality was recorded in the village Zátor (almost 95%), while the lowest in the village of Dívčí Hrad (78.2%). The largest number of people claiming to Polish nationality was recorded in Janov (1.2%). Religious composition: no religion - 65, 6%, Roman Catholic - 23, 4%, the Hussite - 0.5%, Greek Catholic - 0.1%, Protestant 0.3%, Orthodox - 0.4%, others - 2,1 % not identified - 6.8%. Transport accessability - roads of national importance in the microregion is the road No. I/45 Šternberk - Bruntal - Krnov - Glubczyce, where are the investment priorities for road reconstruction Bruntal - Zátor and byroad Krnov. The move enables the fastest connection with a highway to Prague (motorways Olomouc Brno). Lots of the microregion is so reliant on third-class roads. Transport by rail has regional importance in the microregion lines are Krnov No M. Albrechtice No. 310 Glucholazy and Olomouc - Bruntal - Krnov. Air transport is the nearest international airport Mosnov in Ostrava - the leading regional airport is an airport Krnov property of Aeroclub Krnov. It serves mostly to sport, fire prevention, protection of plants (agriculture and forestry), sightseeing flights and entrepreneurs. Since 1994, it has had the statut of the intranational airport. Border crossing - the border of the microregion with a territory of the Republic of Poland has a length of 86 km. Road border crossing Bartultovice - Trzebina, Prudnik. The classic border crossing is Krnov - 30