APS L1: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LIFE ASSURANCE ACTUARIES

APS L1: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LIFE ASSURANCE ACTUARIES Author: Life Board Status: Approved under the Standards Approval Process Version: 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 To be reviewed: No later than 1 April 2015 Purpose: To set out the requirements for actuaries carrying out the statutory roles of Actuarial Function Holder, With-Profits Actuary, Reviewing Actuary and Appropriate Actuary for Firms transacting long term insurance business, and the relationships between them and the Members who support those role holders. Authority: The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries Target Audience: Actuarial Function Holders, With-Profits Actuaries, Appropriate Actuaries, and Reviewing Actuaries, appointed by or in respect of UK authorised insurance companies and friendly societies writing long-term insurance business. Members who support those role holders. General Professional Obligations: All Members are reminded of the Status and Purpose preamble to the Actuaries Code which states that the Code will be taken into account if a Member s conduct is called into question for the purposes of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries Disciplinary Scheme. Rule 1.6 of the Disciplinary Scheme states that misconduct: means any conduct by a Member in the course of carrying out professional duties or otherwise, constituting failure by that Member to comply with the standards of behaviour, integrity or professional judgement which other Members or the public might reasonably expect of a Member having regard to any code, standards, advice, guidance, memorandum or statement on professional conduct, practice or duties which may be given and published by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries and/or the Board for Actuarial Standards. APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 1

Members are required to comply with all applicable provisions of APSs. In the event of any inconsistency between this APS and the Actuaries Code, the Code prevails. Use of the words must and should : This APS uses the word must to mean a specific mandatory requirement. In contrast, this APS uses the word "should" to indicate that, while the presumption is that Members comply with the provision in question, it is recognised that there will be some circumstances in which Members are able to justify non-compliance. 1. Introduction 1.1. In this APS, requirements of legislation or of FCA or PRA rules and guidance are specifically referred to as such. The inclusion of summarised references to, or quotations from, particular provisions of the Handbooks is not a substitute for referring to the Handbooks 1.2. The responsibilities of Members to whom this APS applies are central to the financial soundness of the long-term insurance business of the Firms in respect of which they act, and to the fair treatment of policyholders. Members who support the various named role holders should be aware of the responsibilities of those other members when assisting them. 1.3. A Member must not accept an appointment as an Actuarial Function Holder or With-Profits Actuary if he/she does not have the necessary skill and experience to provide appropriate actuarial advice. Similar considerations apply within the FCA and PRA rules applying to Approved Persons. The requirement to have the necessary skill and experience also applies to the role of the Reviewing Actuary and the role of the Appropriate Actuary. 1.4. Before taking up an appointment, a Member must ensure that the relevant requirements of the Actuaries Code have been met, including the need to consider a discussion with his/her immediate predecessor, if any. 1.5. A Member must take reasonable steps to ensure that his/her principal understands when he/she is providing advice as a result of legislation, FCA or PRA rules and guidance, APSs and TASs, as opposed to providing advice or expressing an opinion as an employee, director or external adviser, as the case may be. 2. General obligations 2.1. Actuarial Function Holders and With-Profits Actuaries (other than those appointed by the PRA for Firms, unless that appointment is confirmed by the Firm) are Approved Persons and must be familiar with the obligations which this imposes on them. In particular, they must be aware of the extent to which the Statements of Principle go beyond the specific requirements applying to Actuarial Function Holders and With-Profits Actuaries and must act in accordance with them. Some of the requirements of this APS may contribute towards compliance with some aspects of APER; however this is a matter for the individual Approved Person to determine and no guidance on this is provided. 2.2. Actuarial Function Holders, With-Profits Actuaries and Appropriate Actuaries are required by SUP 4.5.13R to pay due regard to generally accepted actuarial practice. The TASs, the Actuaries Code and APSs establish some elements of generally accepted practice. Such actuaries must also consider whether there are any other practices that may be non-mandatory but still considered as generally accepted actuarial practice. APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 2

2.3. If a Member adopts a practice which is significantly different from non-mandatory generally accepted actuarial practice, then the Member must disclose the reasons for the practice actually adopted. In this context significant refers to the effect of the practice on the results. A major difference in practice on an item which is trivial in its effect is not significant for this purpose. 2.4. Actuarial Function Holders, With-Profits Actuaries and Appropriate Actuaries are required by section 344 of the Act to communicate particular matters to the relevant body (either the FCA or PRA, as appropriate), and other matters are required by the Regulations. The requirements under section 344 are to notify the relevant body (the FCA and/or PRA, as appropriate) without delay: 2.4.1. when they resign; 2.4.2. when their appointment is terminated or not renewed; or 2.4.3. of any matters connected with the cessation of their appointment which they think ought to be brought to its attention, or that there is no such matter. Guidance on applying the requirements of the Regulations is given in APS L2 and holders of these roles must be familiar with its contents. 3. The Actuarial Function Holder 3.1. The Actuarial Function Holder must hold a Life Actuary Practising Certificate which must cover With-Profits Business if he/she is appointed in respect of such business. 3.2. SUP 4.3.1R allows a Firm to appoint more than one Actuarial Function Holder, each in respect of one or more classes of business. Where this is the case, each Actuarial Function Holder must: 3.2.1. follow this APS in respect of the class (or classes) of business in respect of which he/she has been appointed; and 3.2.2. seek written confirmation from the Governing Body which specifies in respect of which classes of business he/she is appointed. 3.3. When accepting an appointment as an Actuarial Function Holder, a Member must ensure that he/she has the right to present a report to the Firm s Governing Body in person, should he/she deem the report sufficiently important. 3.4. As SUP 4.3.13R (1) does not require the Firm to pro-actively supply the Actuarial Function Holder with information, in order to provide the advice on risk and the monitoring of exposures required by SUP 4.3.13R (1) and (2), the Actuarial Function Holder must: 3.4.1. ensure that he/she has sufficient information and resources to enable the necessary investigations to be carried out, both at the time of the appointment and thereafter; and 3.4.2. use his/her judgement to decide which risks need to be monitored, and the frequency with which they should be monitored and advise the Firm accordingly. The information required, and the frequency of monitoring, will depend on the nature of the business carried out by the Firm. 3.5. Where there is more than one Actuarial Function Holder within a given Firm, it may not be possible for the requirements described in SUP 4.3.13R (1) and (2) above to be carried out separately by each such Member. This is particularly the case where they are appointed in respect of different classes of business within the same long-term insurance fund. In such a case, each Actuarial Function Holder must ensure, before accepting the appointment, that the Firm allocates to one of them, or to each of them acting collectively, the responsibility described in SUP 4.3.13R(1) and (2) in relation to the Firm as a whole. APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 3

3.6. For With-Profits Business, the With-Profits Actuary must advise the Firm on key aspects of discretion. The Actuarial Function Holder must liaise with the With-Profits Actuary to ensure he/she is aware of such advice given by the With-Profits Actuary and of relevant decisions taken by the Firm insofar as they affect liabilities to policyholders. 3.7. The Actuarial Function Holder must ensure that the Firm s management are aware at all times of his/her interpretation of its: 3.7.1. obligations to treat its customers fairly; and 3.7.2. policyholders reasonable expectations which need to be taken into account in assessing the liabilities, other than where the matter is covered by the responsibilities of the With-Profits Actuary. This interpretation must have regard to the nature of the Firm s practices and business plans and its approach to the treatment of policyholders both individually and (where appropriate) collectively as a group vis-à-vis shareholders. 3.8. When a significant change is likely to take place in the Firm s business plans, practices or other circumstances, the Actuarial Function Holder must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the Firm appreciates the implications for fairness and the reasonable expectations of its policyholders which need to be taken into account in assessing the liabilities, other than where the matter is covered by the responsibilities of the With-Profits Actuary. 3.9. The Actuarial Function Holder must also satisfy himself/herself that systems of control are in place intended to ensure that the Firm s policyholders are not misled as to their expectations. If the Actuarial Function Holder believes that the systems of control may not be adequate, he/she must draw this to the Firm s attention and advise the Governing Body, unless sufficient steps are otherwise taken to meet his/her concerns. 3.10. If a Firm requires a Member to produce work which the Member believes conflicts with the requirements in the Handbooks and/or a TAS, the Member may do so provided that the work clearly and unambiguously states that the Member has done so under instructions and that the work does not conform with the requirements in the Handbooks and/or the TAS(s) as applicable. The adoption of such resulting technical provisions or resilience capital requirement will create a situation where the Member producing the work will be required to report the matter to the relevant body (the FCA and/or PRA, as appropriate) in accordance with the Regulations. 4. The With-Profits Actuary 4.1. The With-Profits Actuary must hold a Life Actuary Practising Certificate, with that certificate covering With-Profits Business. 4.2. SUP 4.3.1R allows a Firm to appoint more than one With-Profits Actuary, each in respect of one or more classes of business. However, because there can be conflicts of interest between different classes of business, a Member must, before accepting an appointment, have regard to the following: 4.2.1. where a Firm has more than one With-Profits Fund, it will normally be unacceptable for a Member to accept an appointment as a With-Profits Actuary for some but not all of the With-Profits Funds unless the: 4.2.1.1. Principles and Practices of Financial Management of the funds adequately describe the way in which the exercise of discretion impacts on the interactions between the different funds; APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 4

4.2.1.2. extent to which such interactions from the exercise of discretion impact on With-Profits Policyholders is unlikely to be significant; and 4.2.1.3. terms of reference of the appointment allow him/her to discuss freely with the other With-Profits Actuaries appointed by the Firm the operation of all of its With-Profits Funds, and to have access to their written advice to the Firm; and 4.2.2. a Member must not accept an appointment as a With-Profits Actuary in respect of only some of the classes of business in any one With-Profits Fund. 4.3. The With-Profits Actuary must seek to ensure: 4.3.1. through appropriate wording in his/her terms of engagement or otherwise, that he/she will receive, on a timely basis, copies of all papers issued to members of the Governing Body or other significant bodies that are relevant to the management of the With-Profits Fund; 4.3.2. through appropriate wording in his/her terms of engagement or otherwise that he/she will have the opportunity to comment on any material communications or reports issued or made available by the Firm to its policyholders generally, or to particular classes of policyholders (or their advisers) that relate to the Firm s exercise of discretion affecting its With-Profits Business; and 4.3.3. that he/she should, as far as is reasonably possible, be made aware, in time to be able to comment on them before issue, of any such communications or reports which could significantly affect the readers understanding of the Firm s past or future exercise of discretion affecting its With-Profits Business. 4.4. The With-Profits Actuary must draw the attention of the management of the Firm, at the appropriate level of seniority, to any circumstances in which he/she believes that a communication should be issued by the Firm to the Firm s With-Profits Policyholders, or a particular class of such policyholders. 4.5. The With-Profits Actuary must give advice to a Firm on the future exercise of discretion affecting its With-Profits Business whenever: 4.5.1. the Firm requests it; 4.5.2. he/she considers that, in any respect, a proposed exercise of discretion would be inconsistent with the Firm s Principles and Practices of Financial Management; 4.5.3. he/she considers that the Firm s Principles and Practices of Financial Management have become inappropriate; 4.5.4. the steps the Firm proposes to take in order to demonstrate its ability to meet its regulatory capital requirements raises particular issues relating to the exercise of discretion affecting those classes of the With-Profits Business of the Firm in respect of which he/she has been appointed; or 4.5.5. he/she considers that the interests of the With-Profit Policyholders require it. 4.6. Where, in the With-Profits Actuary s opinion, there is uncertainty regarding the extent to which the Governing Body can exercise discretion when allocating surplus, he/she must state in his/her report or advice: 4.6.1. the nature of the uncertainty; 4.6.2. the assumptions he/she has made with regard to the uncertainty; APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 5

4.6.3. the consequences were the uncertainty to be resolved differently; 4.6.4. if appropriate, that the Firm, if it has not already done so, seek legal advice with regards to the uncertainty; 4.6.5. the extent to which he/she has relied upon any legal advice concerning that uncertainty that the Firm has received; and 4.6.6. whether in his/her opinion there is any conflict between any legal advice concerning that uncertainty that the Firm has received, and his/her interpretation of the fair treatment of the Firm s With-Profits Policyholders having particular regard to the Firm s Principles and Practices of Financial Management. 5. The Appropriate Actuary 5.1. The Appropriate Actuary must hold a Life Actuary Practising Certificate, which must cover With-Profits Business if such business is written by the Firm. 5.2. When accepting an appointment as an Appropriate Actuary, a Member must ensure that he/she has: 5.2.1. the right to present a report to the Firm s Governing Body in person, should he/she deem the report sufficiently important; and 5.2.2. sufficient information and resources to enable the necessary investigations to be carried out. This applies both at the time of the appointment and thereafter. 6. The Reviewing Actuary 6.1. The Reviewing Actuary must hold a Life Actuary Practising Certificate relevant to the type of business written by the Firm in respect of which he/she has been asked to act as a Reviewing Actuary. 6.2. The Reviewing Actuary must carry out his/her duties in a manner agreed with the auditor of the entity being audited and must comply with the Actuaries Code. 6.3. This APS applies both to cases where the Reviewing Actuary is employed by, or is a partner in, the audit firm and where this is not the case. 6.4. The auditor is responsible for determining the scope of the audit. However, the Reviewing Actuary must advise the auditor of the implications if the scope is narrower than one expected by the Reviewing Actuary. Any limitations in scope should be set out in the Reviewing Actuary s report to the auditor. 6.5. The Reviewing Actuary is required by IPRU-INS 9.35 (1A) or IPRU-FSOC 5.11 (1A) as appropriate to be independent of the Firm. The Reviewing Actuary must discuss the auditor s independence requirements with them. 6.6. When providing advice to the auditor, the Reviewing Actuary must: 6.6.1. ensure that it is clear when he/she is acting in a formal capacity as the Reviewing Actuary; 6.6.2. in respect of the items within scope, advise the auditor on the methods and assumptions used by the Firm and, in particular, on whether they comply with the requirements of INSPRU 1.2 and, if relevant, INSPRU 1.3 (which includes the requirements in respect of generally accepted actuarial practice); and APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 6

6.6.3. establish with the auditor the approach that the auditor will be taking to auditing items that are important inputs to the actuarial valuation such as assets, policy data, results of experience investigations and expense analysis. 7. Possible conflicts of interest 7.1. Actuarial Function Holders, With-Profits Actuaries and Appropriate Actuaries are reminded of their obligations under SUP 4.5 and the Actuaries Code in relation to objectivity and conflicts of interest. 7.2. Additionally, a Member must not perform conflicting roles in contravention of SUP 4.3.12AR. This would mean, for example, that a Member appointed to be a With-Profits Actuary under SUP 4.3.1 (1) (b) should not also be the Chief Financial Officer (even if not a member of the Governing Body) in a proprietary Firm. Furthermore, a Member must not perform a role for a parent of the Firm which, if it were performed for the Firm, would give rise to a conflict of interest in contravention of SUP 4.3.12AR. 7.3. Provided a Member is not a director of the Firm (or of any parent of the Firm), then the same individual may be both an Actuarial Function Holder and a With-Profits Actuary of the Firm. 7.4. Nevertheless, if that is the case there could be a risk of situations arising which are, or could appear to be, conflicts of interest. The reporting line of the With-Profits Actuary could also give rise to such a risk, for example, if it is to the Actuarial Function Holder or another director of the Firm or of any part of its group other than a subsidiary undertaking with conflicting responsibilities. If, in these circumstances, a With-Profits Actuary has any doubt about being free from unacceptable conflicts of interest, whether real or apparent, he/she should consult an independent Member. 7.5. However, it would not normally be necessary to consult where the: 7.5.1. matter is neutral for With-Profits Policyholders in aggregate; or 7.5.2. sums involved are not significant in the context of the size of the With-Profits Fund. 7.6. There may be occasions when the Governing Body requests advice from the With-Profits Actuary which might conflict with that role. If this occurs, the procedures set out in the Actuaries Code apply. 8. Relationship between the Actuarial Function Holder and the With-Profits Actuary 8.1. If the roles of Actuarial Function Holder and With-Profits Actuary are combined, a Member must ensure that the Governing Body is aware of the particular role in which the Member is acting when presenting advice to it. 8.2. Where the roles of Actuarial Function Holder and the With-Profits Actuary are undertaken by different actuaries, each Member must ensure that: 8.2.1. he/she is aware of the work carried out by and opinions of the other Member; and 8.2.2. his/her terms of reference allow regular, direct contact with the other Member. 8.3. The Actuarial Function Holder must take account of the Firm s interpretation of its obligations to policyholders in respect of discretionary benefits on With-Profits Business. However, as this interpretation is only guided by the advice of the With-Profits Actuary, the Actuarial Function Holder must not assume that the advice of the With-Profits Actuary will automatically be accepted. APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 7

8.4. The Actuarial Function Holder must satisfy himself/herself directly that the valuation recommendations made in respect of discretionary payments are appropriate in light of any obligations implied by the Principles and Practices of Financial Management. 8.5. The With-Profits Actuary must ensure that he/she is fully aware of the implications for capital requirements of the Firm of any recommendations on the exercise of discretion in respect of With- Profits Policies which he/she makes or on which he/she expresses an opinion. The With-Profits Actuary should seek the relevant Actuarial Function Holder s opinion in this regard and to ensure that any actuarial models upon which he/she intends to base advice use assumptions consistent with those used by the Firm in its modelling (or that the implications of any differences are explained to the Governing Body). 8.6. Where the calculation of asset shares is not the direct responsibility of the With-Profits Actuary, that actuary must ensure that he/she is familiar with the process and that the process is in line with the Firm s Principles and Practices of Financial Management. 8.7. The Actuarial Function Holder and the With-Profits Actuary are entitled (under section 341 of the Act) to require from the authorised person's officers such information and explanations as he reasonably considers necessary for the performance of his duties as auditor or actuary. Each of them must, using this power if necessary, require access to any items prepared by the other necessary to meet the requirements of this APS. 9. Relationship between the Actuarial Function Holder and the Reviewing Actuary 9.1. When carrying out the Actuarial Function Holder s duties, it is inappropriate to rely on the checks or opinions of the Reviewing Actuary. The Actuarial Function Holder may seek the Reviewing Actuary s opinion in the course of carrying out the role, but it remains a professional obligation for the Actuarial Function Holder to be satisfied personally on all relevant points. APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 8

Term Act Actuarial Function Holder APER Appropriate Actuary Approved Person APS APS L2 Definition Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as may be amended from time to time A Fellow of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries appointed by (or by the PRA for) a Firm in accordance with SUP 4.3.1R or SUP 4.3.3R of the PRA Handbook to perform the role specified in SUP 4.3.1R (1) (a) The parts of the Handbooks on High Level Standards which have the title Statements of Principle and Code of Practice for Approved Persons A Fellow of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries appointed by a Friendly Society in accordance with SUP4.4.1R of the PRA Handbook A person in relation to whom the relevant body (the FCA and/or PRA, as appropriate) has given its approval under section 59 of the Act (Approval for particular arrangements) for the performance of a controlled function Actuarial Profession Standard APS L2: The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Communications By Actuaries) Regulations 2003 FCA Financial Conduct Authority (or its successor) FCA Handbook The handbook issued by the FCA Firm FRC An insurance company or Friendly Society in respect of which the actuary is appointed The Financial Reporting Council Friendly Society An incorporated friendly society or a registered friendly society Governing Body The board of directors or committee of management of a Firm Handbooks INSPRU IPRU-FSOC The FCA Handbook and the PRA Handbook The Prudential Sourcebook for Insurers The Prudential Sourcebook for Friendly Societies APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 9

IPRU-INS Liability to a Policyholder The Interim Prudential Sourcebook for Insurers Means: in relation to a Firm carrying out contracts of insurance) any liability or obligation of that Firm to, or in respect of, a policyholder, including any liability or obligation arising: (a) from the requirement to treat customers fairly under Principle 6, including with respect to policyholders' reasonable expectations; or (b) from a determination of liability by an Ombudsman; or (c) from any requirement to pay compensation under the regulatory system Life Actuary Practising Certificate Member Principles and Practices of Financial Management PRA PRA Handbook Regulations Reviewing Actuary Statements of Principle SUP TASs With-Profits Actuary The two types of practising certificates issued by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries for Members who act for a company which either (1) includes With-Profits Business (known as the Life Actuary Certificate (including with-profits), or (2) does not include With-Profits Business (known as the Life Actuary Certificate (not including with-profits) A Member of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries These are the Principles and Practices of Financial Management, containing with-profits principles and with-profits practices, which a Firm carrying on With-Profits Business must establish, maintain and record under the Conduct of Business Sourcebook (COBS 20.3) (Principles and Practices of Financial Management) The Prudential Regulation Authority (or its successor) The handbook issued by the PRA The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Communications by Actuaries) Regulations 2003, as may be amended from time to time An actuary independent of a Firm from whom IPRU-INS 9.35(1A) requires the Firm s auditor to take appropriate advice Statements of Principle issued by the FCA under section 64(1) of the Act (Conduct: Statements and codes) with respect to the conduct of Approved Persons and set out in APER The Supervision Manuals published by the FCA and PRA Technical Actuarial Standards issued by the FRC A Fellow of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries appointed by (or by the PRA for) a Firm in APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 10

accordance with SUP 4.3.1R or SUP 4.3.3R to perform the role specified in SUP 4.3.1R (1) (b) With-Profits Business With-Profits Policyholder With-Profits Policy With-Profits Fund Any business of an insurer that may affect the amount or value of the assets comprising a With- Profits Fund A policyholder under a With-Profits Policy A contract falling within a class of long-term insurance business which is eligible to participate in any part of any established surplus Means (Except in INSPRU): (a) a long-term insurance fund (or that part of such a fund) in which policyholders are eligible to participate in any established surplus; and (b) where it is an insurer's usual practice to restrict policyholders' participation in any established surplus to that arising from only a part of the fund (or part fund) falling within (a), that part (or that part of the part fund) Means for the purposes of INSPRU, a long-term insurance fund in which policyholders are eligible to participate in any established surplus APS L1: Duties and responsibilities of life assurance actuaries. Version 1.1, effective 1 April 2014 11