I JMEIT Vol. 2 Issue 1 Jan 2014 Page No: 55-63 ISSN:2348-196x Depiction of Body Area Network in Cloud Environment P.Sankardayal 1, S.Grahalakshmi 2, P.Gopikannan 3, R.Vidhya Lakshmi 4, G.Sankareswari 5 1PG Scholar of Computer Science and Engineering, P.S.R. Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India 2PG Scholar of Computer Science and Engineering, P.S.R.Rengasamy College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India 3Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, P.S.R.Rengasamy College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India 4Faculty of Information Technology, Sri Vidhya College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India 5Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Vidhya College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India Email- sankardayal.mail@gmail.com, grahalakshmibe@gmail.com, vidhyarajme@gmail.com, sankariram90@gmail.com ABSTRACT Wireless Body Area network along with Cloud Computing will provide a considerable improvement in medical applications and also in rear future will be a massive approach for other applications too. In this paper, we are discussing about the issues faced by BAN and combination of BAN with Cloud Computing. There are several advantages of combining these two approaches such as security, cost, and storage, availability of data and ease of use. It also covers the detailed overview about the characteristics and components of the WAN with Cloud computing. Keywords- Autonomous Body Area Network (ABN), Actuators, Body Area Network, Cloud Computing, Managed Body Area Network (MBN), Wireless Sensor. 1. INTRODUCTION Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) which is also referred as Body Sensor Network (BSN), which came into existence during 2006 by the launch of the book Body Sensor Networks written by Professor Guang- Zhong. BAN is an emerging approach not only for medical field but also for other fields like Military, Security, Gaming and more. Due to its emerging trend and numerous advantages in various fields BAN which can be used in Cloud environment, to increase its efficiency. Cloud Computing is also an blowing technology in this twenty first century because of its user friendly access and pay per access policy and usage base has laid not only the IT peoples but also other organizations such as Government, Education, P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 55
Banking and Healthcare are also shifting their attention towards Cloud Computing. To make a combination of these two emerging technology into a single application will be much useful for the users of both the areas. There are several effects to be considered while combining BAN and Cloud Computing. The main goal of this paper will make an understanding about BAN and Cloud Computing and also their combination. There are several factors which are considered to be an issue in BAN are cost, memory storage, interoperability, security, energy consumption. While combining BAN and Cloud we can reduce the cost and increase the memory storage and also possible to increase the throughput. 2. BACKGROUND OUTLINE 2.1 Body Area Networks an outline BAN is a combination of Biomedical Engineering and Sensor networks. BAN is formally defined by IEEE 802.15 as, a communication standard optimized for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body. BAN can make benefits to human by studying the body condition using sensors and translate the observed details to the user. Depending upon the observed details the person (Physician) can take further steps to improve the efficiency and utilization of the observed human s body. BAN is an upcoming technology due to the increased population of aged peoples and the cost for medical expenses has increased rapidly. Medical field uses the sensors for getting the information about the patient by placing the sensors in tissues and skin to observe the condition of the patient. After observing the health condition, Doctors can monitor and provide further treatment to the patient. 2.2 Difference between MBNS and ABNS Managed Body Area Network (MBAN) which uses a Third party for taking assessment based upon the collected information from the sensors. Autonomous Body Area Network (ABAN) is an intelligent sensor which contains of actuators in addition to sensor, for making assessment intelligently and individually. Fig. 1. WAN in Cloud environment P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 56
Fig. 2. Flow of secure storage 2.3 Cloud computing an outline Cloud computing which uses internet for making computing technologies. Cloud computing provides user friendly environment for IT and other organizations (Government, education) for utilizing the resources and sharing the resources on demand basics. The main requirement of cloud computing is internet, without using internet we can t access in Cloud environment. The main purpose for moving into Cloud computing is that storage is provided as one of the Infra-structure as a service. First Cloud Company was started by Ellison in 1998 called as NetSuite according to Ellison. 2.4 Retrieval of data from Cloud When the patient or his relatives want to download the data, they have to send a request to CSP. When the verification process gets success then the requested data will be sent to the user for making further analysis or processing. When the Physician wants the patient s information, it is sent as a request to CSP. After the successful verification of the user, the whole data is showed to the physician for his analysis. From that whole data set the Physician may download the necessary details. After downloading the data, the user has to decrypt the data for further analysis or treatment. 3. NEW CONSTRUCTION OF BAN IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT The new construction for BAN is shown in Fig. 1. This construction mainly focuses on medical application but it can also be applied in various other areas also. Here the patient who maybe in hospital, home, driving, or in other areas will be connected to wireless sensors for monitoring the health condition of the body. This P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 57
wearable sensor may be used for measuring ECG, EEG and blood pressure level. To identify the location of the patient GPS is used. After measuring all the details by the sensor, the output will be transferred to actuator. The actuator will make immediate decision intelligently and will send the decision to local Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) using WiFi. The PDA will check transmit the data to Cloud server via internet. Here the Cloud service Provider (CSP) will check the authentication of the sender and will store the data into server, if the authentication is proved to be correct. The major issue in this construction is while using a semi-trusted server security is weak. To overcome this security problem, we have to encrypt the data before storing it in cloud. There are various encryption algorithms such as DES, Triple DES and AES or other algorithms too. Security is a challenging process in Cloud environment these days. 3.1 Registration to Cloud server Users initially have to register to Cloud due to processing of utilization and privacy preserving of CSPs and users. The users are persons such as Patient, Physician, relatives to the patient. They have to provide data s such as their personal information and access rights and has to make a contract between CSP and user for processing the Cloud on use per demand basis. Fig. 3. Download and Decryption of secured data 3.2 Transmission of data in two modes First data transmission to Cloud, during the patient s health condition is normal then data will be transferred directly to Cloud after encryption. This encryption process should be done in PDA if the patient is in home P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 58
or in public place, then the data should be encrypted using his laptop or PDA and if he is in hospital then we may use laptop or desktop in hospital. Then with the help of internet, we may transfer the encrypted data to Cloud. Second transmission will be transferred to Physician (Doctor) before storing it in Cloud due to abnormal position of the patient. When the patient is in critical position the data will be sent to the respected physician, Hospital and to the relatives of the patient for providing immediate assessment. Then the same data is sent to Cloud after encryption. 3.3 Components in BAN There are three major components by all BANs and they are, 1. Sensor nodes 2. Actuator nodes 3. Personal device 3.3.1 Sensor node Sensor nodes are used for gathering the physical information of the user and process the data. These sensors are attached to the patient s skin or to their dress or to the tissue. The number of sensor nodes are depends upon the application. The components included in sensor nodes are - 3.3.2 Actuator node Actuator nodes will receive the data from sensors and will act (Decide) according to the sensor s information and user s information. The components include in actuators are - 3.3.3 Personal device Sometimes these devices are referred as Body Control Unit (BDU), will collect the information from sensors and actuator and inform the retrieved information to user via an external gateway by a display or an LED. All the components contain the following sub-components for processing and access. a. Power unit b. Memory and Processor c. Transceiver It also uses some software for making interface with hardware component and to the application software. 4. CHALLENGES IN THIS NEW APPROACH 1. Security 2. Interoperability 3. Power consumption 4. Routing P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 59
5. SOLUTIONS AND DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGES 5.1 Power overwhelming For power consuming we may use the following methods: ZigBee Bluetooth WiFi Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Among all the above method ZigBee will consume low power but it is limited to 250Kbps. Bluetooth and WiFi is also used but for short range of coverage. Most of the case UWB and WiFi are used. 5.2 Security Security has to be maintained in the following aspects Authentication Integrity Confidentiality Communication link Protect data 1. An authentication has to be maintained for identifying the BAN patient, physician and other user. 2. Integrity between sensors and storage area. 3. Confidentiality of data and user information has to be maintained. 4. Communication link must be secure between the sensors and to other devices. 5. Protection of data in all the aspects such as during transmission and storing. For all the above security constraints, an effective cryptographic algorithm has to be used. Some examples of such algorithms are DES (Data Encryption Standard), Triple DES, and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), IDE (Identity Based Encryption). P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 60
5.3 Interoperability Interoperability has to be maintained in the following constraints Memory Power Storage Plug-and-play Ease of use Interaction between devices. For the entire above problem Cloud Computing provides solution. 5.4 Routing Routing of data is a major problem in network but apart from that we have to concentrate in tissue heating of the patient. The solution for above routing includes, LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) Cluster- based routing Cross-layer routing 5.5 Protocol Some protocols used are LBT (Listen before-talk) Drawback Not good for collision Not energy efficient Multi channel Management Advantage Channel is reserved. Aggregation of channels into single channel will be useful to reduce traffic. Other protocols used by MAC layer are TDMA but that has its own disadvantages. 6 APPLICATIONS OF THE NEW APPROACH Medical health care Wireless Audio Military P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 61
Gaming Sports monitoring Home area networks 7 CONCLUSION WAN and Cloud computing both are emerging technology and this paper which provides an overview about this combination. Yet there are few areas which have to be concentrated in this combination for improving the QoS of this combination. The major concentrations are to be made in security, power consumption, routing. The main advantage of this combination is low cost, high throughput and user friendly access, unlimited memory access using cloud. This article will be an inspiration for the researchers to make concentration in this area and will provide an efficient model to the user in rear future. REFERENCES [1] M. Chen et al., Body Area Networks: A Survey, ACM/Springer Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 16, no. 2, 2011, pp. 171 193. [2] Jiafu Wan, Caifeng Zou, Chin-Feng Lai, Ming Zhou, Xiaofei Wang, Cloud Enabled Wireless Body Area Networks for Pervasive Healthcare, IEEE Networks September/October 2013. [3] Sangwon Lee, Murali Annavaram, Wireless Body Area Networks: Where Does Energy Go?, IISWC 2012: 25-35 [4] M. Li, W. Lou, and K. Ren, Data Security and Privacy in Wireless Body Area Networks, IEEE Wireless Communication, vol. 17, no. 1, 2010, pp. 51 58. [5] Suraj Pandey, William Voorsluys, Shang Niv, Ahsan Khandoker, Rajkumar Buyya, An Automatic Cloud Environment for Hosting ECG Data Analysis Services, Future Generation Computer System, 15 May 2011 pp. 147 154. [6] Jui-chien Hsieh, Meng-Wei Hsu, A cloud computing based 12-lead ECG Telemedicine service Hsieh and Hsu BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 2012, 12:77. [7] J Xing, Y Zhu, A survey on body area network, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 09),Beijing,China, (2009). [8] M.S. Balamurugan, Cloud Care: A Remote Health Monitoring System, IWBBIO 2013 Proceedings, Granada 18 20 March, 2013. [9] Hassan Ghasemzadeh, Vitali Loseu, Eric Guenterberg, Roozbeh Jafari, Sport Training Using Body Sensor Networks: A Statistical pproach to Measure Wrist Rotation for Golf Swing, BodyNets 09 April 1-3, 2009, Los Angeles, CA, USA. P.Sankardayal 1 et al. IJMEIT Vol 2 Issue 1 Jan. 2014 Page 62