Mühlbracht 1558 Haarlem 1617

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 1 Mühlbracht 1558 Haarlem 1617 The following text is part of the catalogue Painting in Haarlem 1500-1850. The Collection of the Frans Hals Museum (2006). Copyright belongs to the respective owners: Ludion Ghent, the authors and Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem. All rights reserved. Original source: Irene van Thiel-Stroman, Hendrick Jansz Goltzius under: Biographies 15th - 17th century, in: Neeltje Köhler, Koos Levy-van Halm - Epo Runia e.a. (eds.), Painting in Haarlem 1500-1850. The Collection of the Frans Hals Museum (Ghent: Ludion Ghent, 2006) 156-159. Hendrick Jansz Goltzius 1 was born in Mühlbracht (present-day Bracht in Germany, just across the Dutch border, between Venlo and Roermond) in February 1558. 2 He was the oldest son of Jan Goltz II (Kaiserswerth 1534/35-Alkmaar after September 1609), a glass painter, and Anna Fullings (died in Bracht before April 1591). 3 Jan remarried in Alkmaar on 30 April 1591; his bride, Magdaleentgen van Varrizeel from Flanders, was a widow. 4 Jan Goltz and Anna Fullings also had another two sons and two daughters: Jacob (Duisburg? 1574-Alkmaar 1631), 5 Coenraed (died in Cologne before 3 April 1617), Catharina (died in Alkmaar on 14 October 1626) 6 and Sophia (died in Alkmaar between 1627 and 1633). 7 Jacob was active as a glass painter in Haarlem, where he was registered as a citizen in 1599, at which time he was called an engraver (plaetsnyder). 8 He was also a beer brewer and a bailiff, and married three times. 9 Coenraed was active as an engraver in Cologne. Catharina married the tailor Michiel Hendricksz Specht in Alkmaar in 1608 and the shipbuilder Walich Symonsz in 1618. 10 In 1609 Goltzius authorised his sister to claim his share of the inheritance of his maternal grandparents, which was in the possession of his cousin Rochus Fullings. 11 In 1595 Sophia married Cornelis Jacobsz Drebbel (Alkmaar 1572-London 1633), the well-known inventor, engraver and mapmaker. Hendrick s ancestors, who lived in Goltzhof farm in Heynsbeeck (now Hinsbeck) between Venlo and Krefeld in the fifteenth century, 12 include a number of artists. His great grandfather Hubrecht Goltz worked as a painter in Venlo in the years 1494-1524; 13 his brother

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 2 Sybrecht Goltz was a sculptor; Hendrick s grandfather Jan Goltz I was a painter and burgomaster of Kaiserswerth between 1532 and 1550; 14 and his nephew, the antiquarian and numismatist Hubert Goltzius (Venlo 1526-Bruges 1583) - who lived in Antwerp and Bruges - was a painter, engraver and printer. 15 In 1561, three years after Hendrick s birth, the Goltz family moved to Duisburg, where Jan Goltz became a citizen on 6 August 1562. 16 After being taught the craft of glasspainting, most likely by his father, 17 in 1575 Hendrick was apprenticed to learn the art of engraving from the exiled polemist, engraver and secretary of Haarlem Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert (Amsterdam 1522-Gouda 1590), who had fled to Xanten because of the fierce opposition to his enlightened ideas. 18 Coornhert, who was waiting for the time when he could return, advised his pupil to follow him to Haarlem. Coornhert left after the Pacification of Ghent (October 1576), and was certainly back in Haarlem as of March 1577. Goltzius arrived there at the end of June of that year. 19 He must have joined the Guild of St Luke as an engraver, but nothing is known about this or his membership in later years, undoubtedly because of lacunas in the extant archival material. In 1579, the 21-year-old Goltzius 20 married a widow, Margaretha (Griet) Jansdr (Haarlem 1549/50-Haarlem 1631), daughter of the shipbuilder Jan Baertsz and Maritgen Pietersdr. 21 She had been married earlier to Adriaen Garbrantsz Matham and bore a son, Jacob Adriaensz Matham*, 22 who thus became Goltzius stepson, and later his pupil and assistant. Goltzius and Margaretha never had children. At the beginning of his career in Haarlem, Goltzius received numerous commissions, particularly for portraits, from Philips Galle (Haarlem 1537-Antwerp 1612), who had been active as an engraver and publisher in Antwerp since 1564. He also worked for Coornhert, who no longer engraved himself. In 1580 the city paid Coornhert 15 pounds, 15 stuivers and 6 schellingen because he paid the engraver Hendrick Goltzius [ ] for engraving a particular plate about the appeal for help to the prince of Orange concerning the distressed state of the city of Haarlem (vuyt zaecke, dat hy betaelt heeft Mr. Henrick Goltzius constsnider [...] over t sniden van zeekere plaet in coper gesneden nopende de clachte der laste van Haerlem aen den Prince van Orangien gedaen). 23 In 1582 he started up his own printing shop in the Barteljorisstraat, where he bought a house on 28 February of that year located between those of the cloth worker Reynert Jansz Lywatier and the goldsmith Pieter Fransz Hasevelt. On 31 December 1583, he sold this house to Claes Jansz van Paenderen, but certainly continued to live there until May 1585. 24

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 3 Karel van Mander *, who settled in Haarlem in 1583, showed Goltzius drawings by Bartholomeus Spranger, which made a deep impression on him. Together, Van Mander, Goltzius and Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem * entered into a kind of working partnership, which was referred to as an academy in the early seventeenth century. 25 Shortly after his marriage Goltzius, who had burned his hands as a child and lost full use of his right hand, 26 was plagued with a pulmonary condition and subject to fits of melancholy. 27 Hoping to be cured by a change of venue and in any event eager to see the antique glories in Italy before his death, he resolved to go to Rome, as emerges from two apprenticeship contracts dated 1584. 28 In 1586, however, he turned down a repeated request (already dating from 1584) from the Jesuits in Rome to engrave 153 illustrations for the Evangelicae Historie Imagines after designs by Bernardo Passaio, for which he had initially displayed interest more because of his desire to be able to see Italy (meer door luste om Italien te moghen sien) than the earnings. The Antwerp printer Christoffel Plantijn, who had fled to Leiden in 1583, mediated in this matter. 29 Shortly thereafter he also refused to provide the engravings for the Dutch translation of the Ten Commandments by Philips van Marnix van Sint Aldegonde, probably owing to a lack of time. 30 On 30 August 1588, together with the painter Nicolaes Claesz van der Laen, with whom he also later maintained contact, 31 he signed the will of the glass painter and engraver Willem Willemsz Thybaut (Haarlem c. 1524-Haarlem 1597). 32 In the autumn of 1590 Goltzius finally embarked on the long-postponed trip to Italy. 33 At the end of October 34 he travelled with his servant by boat from Amsterdam to Hamburg, and from there by land via Munich to Venice, where he portrayed his friend Dirck de Vries (active in Venice 1590-1609), a portrait and still-life painter. 35 Via Bologna and Florence he arrived in Rome on 10 January 1591, where he stayed for about half a year. Owing to his fame in artistic circles, which was based on his internationally known engravings, he initially travelled incognito under the name of Hendrick van Bracht (his place of birth). However, he abandoned this pseudonym in Rome and sought the company of famous Italian painters. Together with his fellow townsman who lived in Rome, Jan Matthijsz Ban (1566-1624), a silversmith, collector and later brewer at the Het Zeepaard brewery on the Spaarne, 36 and Philips van Winghen (Louvain 1560-Florence 1592), an antiquarian, 37 he called on Naples and nearby Pozzuolo at the end of April. He began his return journey, together with Jan Ban, on 3 August. Again, he travelled via Florence, where he portrayed the sculptors Giovanni Bologna (Giambologna, 1524-1608) 38 and Pierre Francheville (Francavilla, 1584-1618) 39 and the Flemish painter Jan van der Straet (Stradanus, 1523-1605), 40 Bologna, Venice, this time portraying Jacopo Palma il Giovane (1544-

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 4 1628), 41 and Munich, where he limned Christoph Schwartz, a local painter 42 and Hans Sadeler (Brussels 1550-Venice 1600) who was temporarily active there. 43 He was back home at the end of 1591, having brought with him countless drawings of antique sculptures, which he probably executed with the intention of making prints after them. Moreover, he was so impressed by the art of Raphael, Correggio, Titian and Veronese, that works from his native land could no longer completely satisfy him (dat hem de Inlandtsche dinghen soo heel volcomen niet meer conden voldoen). 44 Goltzius continued his business in Haarlem into the 1590s, initially with the assistance of his stepson Jacob Matham, who meanwhile had become an accomplished engraver. 45 On 14 August 1592 the University of Leiden paid him 200 guilders for engraving the portraits of Julius and Josephus Scaliger, 11 guilders for the paper on which 500 impressions would be made and 5 guilders for the printing. 46 On 12 April 1595 Emperor Rudolf II granted him an imperial privilege making it illegal to copy his engraving for six years after they were published. 47 His prints were sold via agents in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Venice, Rome, Paris and London. 48 In the spring of 1593 Jacob Matham went to Italy after making arrangements with his parents in the presence of a notary. On 22 March they stated their intention of honouring the agreement they had entered into with their son. 49 Goltzius - whose membership in the Haarlem De Pelikaan chamber of rhetoric with the motto Trouw Moet Blijken (Faithfulness must show) is not certain - worked for eight days on the decoration of the costumes and stage sets that this chamber used during the landjuweel (national or regional drama contest) held in Leiden on 26 May 1596. 50 He was assisted by the glass painter Cornelis IJsbrantsz (called Cussens or Cusseus), 51 the same person who in 1597 witnessed the documents pertaining to the collection of money for prints sold in Paris and London. 52 Goltzius also designed the blazon of the De Pelikaan chamber, which was engraved by Jacob Matham in 1597. 53 Goltzius virtuoso engraving and drawing technique was such that he could imitate the manner of Dürer and Lucas van Leyden with remarkable accuracy, 54 earning him the reputation of being a veritable Proteus, that is to say someone who could assume many guises. 55 In addition to engravings, in the 1590s he also made so-called pen works, large, drawn representations done with a special kind of oil paint and a special brush on canvas that resembled engravings. 56 He abandoned engraving in 1600 to devote his full attention to history painting. 57 In 1605 he wrote the following to his friend Jan van Wely (killed in 1616), a goldsmith and art collector in Amsterdam: Find some Old-Testament stories that are suitable for painting; from these I then

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 5 will select those that appeal to me and will execute some of them. Pick cheerful stories that lend themselves well to paintings (Soeckt eenighe oude testamentische historien uyt die schilderachtich syn, daer sal ick myn pleijsier uyt soecken, ende daer van wat int werck leggen. Wilt al vrolycke historien zoecken die in schilderie lieflyck staen). 58 In 1602 Goltzius and Van Mander were able to prevent the sale (mediated by the Amsterdam engraver Jan Muller) of Lucas van Leyden s famous Last Judgement triptych to Emperor Rudolf II. 59 In March 1603 Goltzius bought a large house on the east side of the Jansstraat from the merchant Pieter van Offenberch for 9600 guilders. 60 In 1583, in this house - which adjoined those of the painter Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom * (north) and Aechte Arisdr (south) - Karel van Mander had seen a large rectangular canvas in grisaille in oils (van wit en swart, van Oly-verwe) by Goltzius 61 with a depiction of Mucius Scaevola burning his hand. At the time it was the residence of the burgomaster Gerrit Willemsz van Schoterbosch, 62 who sold it to Van Offenberch in 1595. 63 The grisaille was probably still there when Goltzius bought the house. In April 1611 Goltzius would also buy the house of Aechte Arisdr for 2400 guilders, which was on the corner of the St Jansstraat and the Begijnesteeg. 64 In 1603 the city of Haarlem commissioned Goltzius, Cornelis Cornelisz and Hendrick Vroom to make a painting of their own choosing in commemoration of their art (tot memorie derzelver conste) for the Prinsenhof. On 16 August 1608 Goltzius was given a choice between the full width of the wall behind the table in the dining hall or the chimneypiece. Nothing more is known about Goltzius involvement with this commission. 65 In the same year, or in 1604, he received 1½ new rose nobles from the Haarlem Brewers Guild for four designs of scenes from the life of St Marten to embellish the guild cup. 66 In 1604 Goltzius bought chair no. 33 (Stoel No. 33 = indication of membership) for his wife from the prestigious Catholic Haarlem Brotherhood of the Christmas Guild. 67 In 1630 Griet Jansdr bequeathed this chair to her daughter-in-law Maritge Willemsdr van Poelenburch. Goltzius motto was Eer boven Golt (Honour above gold), a clever variant of the adage An honest conscience places honour above possessions (Een vroom gemoed acht eer voor goed). 68 He depicted his motto emblematically in an album amicorum more than once. 69 Van Mander wrote verses on the stoic qualities of virtuous men, among whom he evidently also counted Goltzius: He is master of himself; without owning anything, he is rich,

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 6 He values HONOUR ABOVE GOLD (Hy is een Heer sijns selfs, niet hebbende is hy rijck, Hy acht EER BOVEN GOUT) 70 Given this motto, it is all the more curious that in 1605 Goltzius became involved with the alchemist Leonard Engelbrecht, who supposedly taught him how to make gold, unless one links his interest in this dark art with his frail health and bouts of depression. 71 Goltzius took this man into his home and lent him money. As it turned out this charlatan, whom Goltzius had barred from his home on 20 August 1605, still received people there without his knowledge, including the neighbour Hendrick Vroom, and claimed that he owned half of the house and would soon own the other half as well. 72 In 1606 Goltzius bought 17 lottery tickets in the amount of 4 guilders and 10 stuivers to benefit construction of the Old Men s Home from Jacob Matham, who served as the collector. 73 He wrote the following poem: My stake on this occasion is also a gift to those who, rich and poor, Are in great need; if I draw the highest lot, I will gladly donate it to them, For I always maintain [the adage]: honour above gold. (Mijn inlegghen hier is ooc om te bedencken, die out ende arm syn in gebreecken menich vout, krijch ick thochste lot salt haer ghewillich schencken, bewaerende voor my altijt, eer boven golt.) Tickets were also purchased by his co-inhabitants: namely, Goltzius wife Griet Jansdr, a certain Catharina Tincken, Goltzius servant Hans Pietersz, and Frederick de Vries and Pieter Anthonius de Vries, who were lodging with Goltzius as his pupils. Their father was Dirck de Vries, Goltzius friend in Venice whom he had visited in 1590 and portrayed in 1591. Shortly before his death, on 21 December 1613, Frederick drew up his will in Goltzius home, appointing Goltzius and Jan Matthijsz Ban his executors. The will was witnessed by the marine painter Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen *. 74 In October 1606 Goltzius was one of the eight jurors who were to judge the performances of the chambers of rhetoric taking part in the landjuweel organised by De

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 7 Pelikaan on the occasion of the lottery. Two years later, he received a copy of the Const-thoonende Iuweel, the book Zacharias Heyns compiled on this event. 75 In June 1612 Rubens visited Haarlem, where he was cordially received by the members of the Guild of St Luke, including Goltzius. 76 Goltzius was a regular at the De Coningh van Vranckrijck inn on the Smedestraat. On 15 November 1613, when an inventory of the deceased innkeeper s estate was drawn up, Goltzius had an outstanding debt of 42 guilders and 12 stuivers. 77 In 1614 Goltzius was accused of having had intercourse with his 19-year-old maidservant, Geesken Vriesen, who had lived in his house for a year and a half. He demanded a statement from her that she had never had any carnal knowledge of him before, during or after that time and that she had been incited to lie by Claes Thomasz (Verbeeck) and his wife and daughter. 78 In October 1616, Sir Dudley Carlton, the English ambassador in The Hague, reported to John Chamberlain about his visit to Haarlem, noting that Goltzius was not doing well: he is yet living, but not like to last owt an other winter; and his art decayes with his bodie. 79 Hendrick Goltzius died at the age of 59 in his house on the St Jansstraat in the early evening of 1 January 1617. This emerges from a statement his daughter-in-law, Maritge Willemsdr van Poelenburch (meanwhile the widow of Jacob Matham) made for Pieter Saenredam* in 1659. 80 He was buried in the Grote Kerk in the week of 2 January, and the bells were rung for ½ hour. 81 Goltzius widow and his brother Jacob erected a memorial to him with a Latin inscription that Jacob Matham engraved on a copper plate. 82 In 1617 the Haarlem bookseller Daniël de Keyser published the Elegia, ofte, Klagh Dichtse Twee-spraeck over de doot des alder-konst-rijcksten Heer Henricus Goltzius [etc]. 83 This eight-page pamphlet contains an epitaph and a lengthy dialogue between Art-loving heart (Konst-lievigh hert) and Enthusiastic about art (Yverigh tot konst), signed by an anonymous poet bearing the motto Do not dismiss virtue (Luyckt gheen Deught). Judging from the occurring motto Love above all (Liefd boven al), which occurs twice, the author was a member of the De Wijngaardranken chamber of rhetoric. In 1618, Balthasar Gerbier (Middelburg 1593-London 1667), a calligrapher and later agent of Charles I in Brussels, also completed an Eer ende Claght-Dicht ter eeren van den lofweerdighen constrijcken ende gheleerden Henricus Goltius, for which he only found a publisher in The Hague in 1620. 84 He honours art itself in the person of Goltzius, whom he only lauds as an engraver and especially as being unsurpassed with the drawing pen. The poem describes a fictive procession of 40 mourners led by Rubens.

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 8 No wills by Goltzius and his wife have been found. From the settling of his estate, however, it emerges that he named his close relatives, and not his wife, his heirs. They were his brother Jacob and his daughter Catharina, who lived in Alkmaar, his sister Sophia, who lived in England with her husband, Cornelis Drebbel, and the two children of his brother Coenraed, who lived in Cologne. Both of his houses on the St Jansstraat were sold 85 and his estate, an inventory of which was drawn up (this document has not been recovered), was auctioned in Haarlem before 3 July 1617. Jan Matthijsz Ban was authorised to collect the proceeds of the sold art, paintings, household effects and other goods [ ] specified in the inventory (vande vercofte cunst, schilderyen, imboel ende andere goederen [...] inde boelcedulle gespecificeert) from the secretary of Haarlem. 86 Griete Jansdr, Goltzius widow, was buried on 4 January 1631, also in the Grote Kerk. 87 Her son Jacob Matham was laid to rest there a mere three weeks later. 88 Until 1600 Hendrick Goltzius was active as an engraver, and thereafter as a history painter. He was also an extraordinarily productive draughtsman. Between 1582 and 1601 he published 162 individual prints and series of prints after designs of his own and by others, and engraved by himself or his assistants. Approximately 70 paintings by him are known (about 20 only as mentioned in sources) and around 500 drawings. His most important pupils were his stepson Jacob Matham, who continued his business after 1600, Jacques de Gheyn II, Jan Muller and Jan Saenredam. As a masterful engraver, Goltzius was famous early on both at home and abroad. 89 IvT-S Literature Van Mander 1604, fols. 281v-287r; Ampzing 1628, pp. 355, 360-365; Schrevelius 1648, pp. 378-380; Van der Willigen 1866, p. 111 (ed. 1870, pp. 133-134, 348); Bredius 1914, pp. 137-146; Hirschmann 1916, pp. 1-28; Thieme/Becker 1907-50, vol. 14 (1921), pp. 349-353 (O. Hirschmann); Miedema 1934, pp. 1-43; Miedema 1942, pp. 22-32; Steeger 1958, pp. 38-43; Reznicek 1960 (1), pp. 30-49; Reznicek 1961, pp. 47-48, 51, 62-64, 83-84, 94-95, 118-120; Strauss 1977; Miedema 1980, pp. 75-76, 79, 309; Nichols 1990, pp. 4-57; Miedema 1991-92, pp. 12-76; Nichols 1991-92, pp. 77-120; Filedt Kok 1991-92, pp. 159-218; Bialler 1992-93; Reznicek 1993, pp. 215-278; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, pp. 174-225; Nichols 1999-2000, pp. 64, 66; Leeflang 2003-04, pp. 13-31

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 9 Notes 1. This biography relies on the life of the artist in Van Mander 1604, fols. 281v-287r, and the archival material published by Bredius 1914. Van Mander s text is commented upon by Miedema 1991-92 and Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, and the archival material is amplified with other documents published by Nichols 1991-92. In principle, reference is made only to these recent publications, which supersede the biographies by Hirschmann 1916, pp. 1-28, and Reznicek 1961, pp. 47-48, 51, 62-64, 83-84, 94-95, 118-120. 2. Van Mander 1604, fol. 281v, mentions that Goltzius was born in February 1558, a few days before the day of the Conversion of Saul. He must have meant thereafter, for this religious holiday takes place on 25 January. Miedema 1991-92, p. 39; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 177, comments under 281v26; Nichols 1991-92, p. 83 (Appendix II, IV). 3. AVK, NA W. van Triere 80, fol. 148r dated 4 September 1609: Goltzius gives power of attorney to his sister Catharina, in which Goltzius is called Master engraver and citizen of this city, son of Jan Goltz and the late Anna Fullings, who died in Bracht near Venlo (Mr plaetsnyder ende poorter deser stadt soon van Jan Golts gewonnen by wylen Anna Fullings, die tot Bracht bij Venloo es overleden). Evidently, his father was still alive at that time. Nichols 1991-92, p. 105. 4. GA-Alkmaar, DTB 20, fol. 8 dated 30 April 1591: Jan Goltz from Kaiserswerth, widower, and Magdaleentgen van Varrizeel, widow (Johan Goltzius van Kayser Weerdt weduwnaer ende Magdaleentgen van Varriseel weduwe). Nichols 1991-92, p. 89. 5. GA-Alkmaar, DTB 40, fol. 37 dated 27 June 1631: Jacob Goltius. Nichols 1991-92, p. 117. 6. GA-Alkmaar, DTB 40, fol. 24 dated 14 October 1626: Maritgen [instead of Catharina] Jans Goltius. Nichols 1991-92, p. 115. 7. Nichols 1991-92, p. 83 (Appendix II, IIIa.1-5). The couple may have had another son, Pieter, who died in infancy (idem, IIa.6). 8. Nichols 1991-92, p. 93. 9. His wives were [1] Maritgen Jansdr (died on 9 April 1620), [2] Foockel Cornelisdr (marriage contract dated 29 November 1620, she died on 1 April 1624) and [3] Trijn Florisdr. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 89, 114-115. 10. Nichols 1991-92, p. 113.

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 10 11. See note 3. 12. Miedema 1991-92, p. 39; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 179, comments under 281v27. 13. Miedema 1991-92, p. 39; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 179, comments under 281v30. Nichols 1991-92, p. 83 (Appendix 2, 1). 14. Miedema 1991-92, p. 39; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 179, comments under 281v36-37. Nichols 1991-92, p. 83 (Appendix 2, 2a). 15. Nichols 1991-92, p. 83 (Appendix 2, 2b). Bruges 1983-84. 16. Miedema 1991-92, p. 40 and 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 180, comments under 282r14. 17. Miedema 1991-92, p. 40 and 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 181, comments under 282r21-22. 18. Miedema 1991-92, p. 41 and 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 183, comments under 282r45. Van Mander s information is confirmed by a letter from Hendrick Gulick van Berch to Coornhert dated 9 January 1576, in which Goltzius is called his pupil. This letter is published in a collected volume (Amsterdam, Universiteitsbibliotheek, Mennonitica, cat. no. 065-385, Bibliotheek Doopsgezinde Gemeente, Amsterdam). Nichols 1991-92, pp. 86-87. 19. Van Mander 1604, p. 282v: Shortly after the great fire, around the feast of St John (corts naer den grooten brandt, omtrent St. Jansdagh), or around 24 June 1577. Miedema 1991-92, p. 42; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 184, comments under 282v13. 20. The year of the wedding is derived from Van Mander s statement that Goltzius married at the age of 21. He does not give the name of the bride. Her name is first mentioned in a deed of conveyance dated 1581 relating to the sale of a property with a house that had burned down on the Oude Gracht (the house of the father of Adriaen Matham; see the biography of Jacob Matham, note 6): Hendrick Goltzius, engraver, as husband and guardian of Griet Jansdr, his wife (Henrick Golsius plaetsnyder als man ende voocht van Griet Jansdr, zynen huysvr[ouw]) (AVK, RA 76/26 [Transportreg.], fol. 92r dated 11 February 1581). Nichols 1991-92, p. 87; Miedema 1991-92, p. 42, comments under 282v19. See also the deed dated 20 February 1585 (Nichols 1991-92, p. 88). 21. The name of Goltzius mother-in-law was not Elisabeth Waterland, as has been assumed until now, but Maritgen Pietersdr. See the biography of Jacob Adriaensz Matham, note 8. 22. See the biography of Jacob Adriaensz Matham. 23. AVK, SA 19/160 (Thesauriersrek.) fol. 74v dated 1580. Nichols 1991-92, p. 87; for the print see Van der Ree-Scholtens 1995, p. 41, fig. 1.8. Also in 1580, Goltzius authorised a goldsmith in Enkhuizen to collect in his behalf two Flemish pounds from Jacob Jansz who

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 11 still owed him for a certain portrait (zeeckeren contrefeytsel). AVK, NA A. Willemsz 30, fol. 3r-v dated 16 May 1580. Nichols 1991-92, p. 87. 24. AVK, RA 76/26 (Transportreg.), fols. 162v-163r dated 28 February 1582: bought for 700 guilders with a mortgage of 500 guilders. AVK, RA76/27 (Transportreg.), fol. 64r dated 31 December 1583: sold for 775 guilders with a mortgage of 250 guilders; the date of the first instalment is 8 May 1585. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 87-88. See also note 28. 25. See the biographies of Karel van Mander and Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem. 26. Van Mander 1604, fol. 282r. 27. Miedema 1991-92, pp. 43, 47-48; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, pp. 186, 197, comments under 282v23, 25, 28 and 284r16, 18-19. Cornelis Ketel (Gouda 1548-Amsterdam 1616) expressed his concern for his friend s illness around 1600 in the Sieck-troostig klinckdicht, or sonnet comforting the sick, that was included in De Nederduytschen Helicon, Haarlem 1610, p. 215, along with a sonnet by Ketel and New Year s poems by Ketel and Van Mander with felicitations to Goltzius. Reznicek 1960, p. 31; Miedema/Spies 1973, pp. 2, 8-9; Nichols 1991-92, pp. 93-94. 28. AVK, NA M. van Woerden 5, fol. 86r-88v dated 21 March 1584: Goltzius promises to take his pupils Coenraet Claesz van IJperen and Wollewijn Huyghensz along with him to Italy. The four-year contracts cost a total of 500 and 450 guilders respectively, to be paid in eight instalments, and were drawn up in Goltzius house on the Barteljorisstraat. Nichols 1991-92, p. 88. 29. London, British Museum, Sloane Collection no. 2764, 75: excerpt of a letter by Goltzius of 29 June 1586 to François van Ravelingen at the house of Christoffel Plantijn, printer in Leiden. Rooses 1888, passim; Nichols 1991-92, pp. 88-89. 30. Nichols 1991-92, p. 89. 31. AVK, NA A. Willems 35, fol. 250v dated 21 December 1592: on behalf of Claes Claesz van der Laen, Goltzius sells a house on the Spaarnwouderstraat and collects money and effects for him from the estate of Annetgen Fredericksdr. Nichols 1991-92, p. 90. 32. AVK, NA A. Willems 33, fol. 203v dated 30 August 1588. Nichols 1991-92, p. 89. 33. Miedema 1991-92, p. 43; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 187, comments under 282v34-35. 34. The date of departure and additional information is given in the travel account by Van Mander 1604, fols. 282v-284r.

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 12 35. Reznicek 1961, cat. no. 287, fig. 140. The portrait is dated 1590. Miedema 1991-92, pp. 44, 47; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, pp. 190, 196, comments under 283r23 and 284r02. 36. Miedema 1991-92, p. 45; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 192, comments under 283v04-05. Citroen 1988, p. 89: Jan Ban was the son of the brewer Jan Albertsz Ban and Marijtgen Loo. Around 1592 he married Margriete Gerritsdr Vlasman, sister of his colleague Cornelis Gerritsz Vlasman, who had married Ban s sister Cornelia Matthijsdr Ban around 1591. In 1604, Karel van Mander dedicated his Het leven der doorluchtighe Nederlandtsche and Hooghduytsche schilders, the most interesting section of his Schilder-boeck, to the brothersin-law Jan Ban and Cornelis Vlasman. 37. Miedema 1991-92, p. 46; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 192, comments under 283v06. 38. Reznicek 1961, cat. no. 263, fig. 200. 39. Reznicek 1961, cat. no. 271, fig. 203. 40. Reznicek 1961, cat. no. 286, fig. 198. 41. Reznicek 1961, cat. no. 281, fig. 202. 42. Van Mander 1604, fol. 258r. This is most likely the 1591 Portrait of a man that surfaced after 1961. Reznicek 1993, cat. no. 304a, fig. 52. 43. Reznicek 1961, cat. no. 282, fig. 207. His first visit to Sadeler on his outbound journey is mentioned in a letter by Lampsonius to Lipsius dated 24 May 1591. Nichols 1991-92, p. 89; Miedema 1991-92, p. 44; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 192, comments under 283r07. 44. Van Mander 1604, fol. 285v. 45. Matham s earliest signature Jacob Matham, Goltzius stepson, engraved this (Iacobus Mathiamus Goltzij privignus sculp.) is found on a print from 1589. Widerkehr 1991-92, p. 222, ill. on p. 219. 46. Nichols 1991-92, p. 90. 47. Nichols 1991-92, p. 91. 48. AVK, NA A. Willems 38, fol. 194v dated 24 November 1597: Goltzius takes measures to collect more than 184 guilders for prints that were sold in Paris, and 96 guilders for prints sold in London. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 92-93. 49. AVK, NA A. Willems 36, fol. 37r dated 22 March 1593: confirmation of a further unspecified agreement. AVK, NA A. Willems 36, fol. 38r dated 26 May 1593: confirmation of Matham s will of 1585. Idem, fol. 38r-v: Goltzius appointed as his deputy. Nichols 1991-92, p. 90.

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 13 50. AVK, SA rood 461 (Ingekomen stukken 1581-1610, no. 28) dated 1596: expense invoice from Trouw Moet Blijken to the treasurer of Haarlem concerning the Leiden landjuweel. The relevant entries are: Master Karel van Mander for painting the blazon presented as a gift [on the occasion of a landjuweel the visiting rhetoric chambers gave a copy of their blazon to the hosting chamber] Master Hendrick Goltzius and his assistant Master Cornelis IJsbrantsz, glass painter, who together worked for more than eight days on festively finishing the costumes and other accoutrements (M. Caerl vermander voer tgeschonken blaessoen te schilderen -- Mr. Henrick Goltzius ende sijn medehulper M. Corn Isbrantsz glasenschrijver die beijde tsaemen meer dan acht dagen gebesoigneert hebben om de cledingen ende anderen accoutreme[n]ten te chieren --). In contrast to the remaining entries, neither of these two mentions an honorarium. At the end of the long list the amounts are added up to an amount of 77-1-8 guilders. This is followed by the announcement: Sum for Van Mander and Goltzius and his assistant 190 guilders, 2 stuivers (So[mm]a behalf van Vermander ende Goltzij met syne hulp 190-2-0). Nichols 1991-92, pp. 91-92; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 2, p. 75 and vol. 5, p. 175 note 12. 51. Miedema 1991-92, p. 64 and 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 219, comments under 286r33-34. 52. See note 48. 53. Widerkehr 1993, p. 41 and note 22, fig. 2 (Hollstein 56). Matham also executed this subject in a simpler form and smaller size (Hollstein 57). Frans de Grebber made a painted version (see his biography). Van Lennep 1922, p. 91, ill.; De Bruin 2001, pp. 104-108, fig. IX. 54. Miedema 1991-92, pp. 53-54; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 204, comments under 284v16. 55. Miedema 1991-92, p. 56; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 206, comments under 285r12. 56. Miedema 1991-92, pp. 56-57; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 207, comments under 285r19. 57. Reznicek 1960, passim. Miedema 1991-92, pp. 60-61; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 212, comments under 285v14. 58. Amsterdam, Rijksprentenkabinet, inv. no. 1888-A 1875 dated 10 June 1605. Nichols 1991-92, p. 98.

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 14 59. Reznicek 1956, pp. 75-76; Nichols 1991-92, p. 94. 60. AVK, RA 76/34 (Transportreg.), fol. 145v dated 31 March 1603: as of 1 May 1603, the purchase price would be paid in eight annual instalments of 1200 guilders. In the margin is a statement by Goltzius brother-in-law Drebbel, noting that he had no part in the purchase. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 94-95. 61. Apparently, Goltzius did paint grisailles before turning to coloured oil paint in 1600. Miedema 1991-92, p. 52; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 203, comments under 284v01-02. 62. Miedema 1991-92, p. 52; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 203, comments under 284v04. 63. AVK, RA 76/31 (Transportreg.), fol. 82v dated 26 July 1595. 64. AVK, RA 76/39 (Transportreg.), fols. 148v-149r dated 7 April 1611: the purchase price would be paid in six annual instalments, barring a mortgage of 400 guilders that Goltzius had taken out on this house three days earlier. Nichols 1991-92, p. 106. 65. AVK, SA 10/3 (Burgemeestersres.), fol. 289r dated 30 July 1603. AVK, SA 10/4, fol. 108v dated 16 August 1608. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 96, 105; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, p. 174, note 1. 66. AVK, Kasboek van het St Maartens- of Brouwersgilde, inv. no. II, 2133 (1 October 1603 to 30 September 1604). Nichols 1991-92, p. 96; Amsterdam/New York/Toledo 2003-04, no. 6 with ills. The cup is in Haarlem, Frans Hals Museum, inv. no. OZII-1096. 67. The seller was Jacob Alewijnsz Fabrij, who had owned the stoel since 1597. Nichols 1991-92, p. 97. Matham had inherited stoel 34 from his father s family. See the biography of Jacob Matham. 68. Emmens 1968, p. 80. 69. Reznicek 1961, cat. nos. 195-197, fig. 354-355, 428; see also cat. no. 198, fig. 439. 70. Miedema/Spies 1973, lines 264-265; Miedema 1991-92, p. 65; Miedema 1994-99, vol. 5, pp. 221-222, comments under 286r45. 71. Gold was considered a perfectly proportioned mixture of the four elements. Likewise, a person s disposition depended on the proportions in the mixture (temperament) of the four humours. Miedema/Spies 1973, pp. 29-30. 72. The affair brought him into discredit, as appears from a note by Buchelius. Nichols 1991-92, p. 98. Various individuals, including the Amsterdam painter Frans Badens and Goltzius guest, Hendrick Aquila, evidently also filed a suit against the alchemist. Vroom and Matham and their wives testified on 1 August 1608 about the assertions Engelbrecht made during a

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 15 meal on 22 August 1605, which he had offered them in Goltzius house without his knowledge. The documents relating to this case date from 26 August 1605 (AVK, NA M. van Woerden 20, fol. 151v), 15 September 1605 (AVK, NA W. van Triere 76, fol. 186r), 3 October 1605 (GAA, NA L. Heijling 56, fol. 541r), 20 October 1605 (AVK, NA W. van Triere 76, fol. 194v), 18 February 1606 (idem 77, fol. 36v) and 1 August 1608 (idem 79, fol. 99r). Nichols 1991-92, pp. 98-104. See also the biographies of Jacob Matham and Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom. 73. AVK, OA Oudemannenhuis 3A, quire 66, nos. 73-77. See the biography of Jacob Matham. 74. AVK, NA W. van Triere 84, fols. 146r-148r dated 21 December 1613. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 106-107. 75. Haarlem, Archief Trou Moet Blijcken, inv. no. 1, fol. 73r, under no. 35. Nichols 1991-92, p. 104; De Bruin 2001, pp. 73-74. 76. Gerbier 1620, p. 44, note in the margin. De Smet 1977, passim; Nichols 1991-92, p. 114. 77. AVK, NA E. van Bosvelt 69, unfoliated, dated 15 November 1613: inventory of Nicolaes Anthonisz, who had lived in the De Coningh van Vranckrijck inn, and his wife Floortgen Andriesdr. Nichols 1991-92, p. 106; Miedema 1991-92, p. 75 note 411; Biesboer 2001, pp. 58-59, doc. 2. See also the biographies of Willem Claesz Heda, Frans de Grebber, Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen and Jacob Matham. 78. AVK, NA W. van Triere 85, fols. 18v dated 21 February 1614. Citroen 1988, p. 124; Nichols 1991-92, pp. 107-108. 79. Nichols 1991-92, p. 108. 80. AVK, NA N. van Bosvelt 206, fol. 232r dated 15 February 1659. Nichols 1991-92, p. 119. Also Ampzing 1628, p. 365, mentions the date of death. See also the biography of Pieter Saenredam. 81. AVK, DTB 70, fol. 24: An opening for Hendrick Goltzius and the bells rung for ½ hour (Een opening voor Hendrick Goltsius een halff uuyr beluijt). The fee was 7 guilders. The location of the grave is not indicated. Nichols 1991-92, p. 111. 82. Ampzing 1628, p. 365, published the text. Nichols 1991-92, p. 116. Allan 1874-88, vol. 3, p. 567, described the memorial, which was placed on the east wall of the southern transept. It has since been lost. Joost van den Vondel dedicated his poem published in 1650, De Zerck

GOLTZIUS, Hendrick Jansz 16 van Henrick Goltzius, to Dirck Matham, the son of Goltzius stepson Jacob Matham. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 118-119. 83. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 79-81, 108-111. The title page incorrectly gives 2 January 1617 as the date of death. 84. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 113-114. The title page incorrectly gives 29 December 1617 as Goltzius date of death. 85. AVK, RA 76/43 (Transportreg.), fol. 98v dated 3 April 1617: Jacob Goltzius, the two children of Coenraed Goltzius, Catharina and Sophia sell the large house on the St Jansstraat (the house where Goltzius died) for 7700 guilders to Dirck Adriaensz Verbeeck and Pieter Maertensz Oudewaech. Idem, fol. 137v dated 26 May 1617: sale of the adjoining property at the corner of the St Jansstraat and the Begijnesteeg for 1510 guilders to Harmen Warnaerts Nassemaecker. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 111-112. 86. AVK, NA E. van Bosvelt 56, fol. 300v dated 3 July 1617. Nichols 1991-92, pp. 112-113. 87. AVK, DTB 70, fol. 182 dated 4 January 1631: the mother of Matham and bells rung for ½ hour (de moeder van Maetham and op ½ beluit). Fee 7 guilders. Nichols 1991-92, p. 117. 88. Nichols 1991-92, p. 117. See also de biography of Jacob Matham. 89. As of 1596 he was called the exemplary artist in odes to the city of Haarlem as well as in publications by Karel van Mander (1596, 1597), Cornelis Ketel (1600), Nicolaes van Wassenaar (1605), Samuel Ampzing (1616, 1621, 1628), Salomon de Bray (1631), Theodorus Schrevelius (1648), in letters by Puteanus (1597), Tilmans (1603), De Witt (1604), Diemenus (1606), Hainhofer (1610) and in the diaries of Constantijn Huyghens (c. 1630) and Arnoldus Buchelius (1635). Nichols 1991-92, pp. 92-95, 97-98, 102, 106, 108, 114-115, 117-118.