FORDHAM UNIVERSITY CAREER PLACEMENT Undergraduate Class of 2008 Overview The undergraduate class of 2008 of Fordham University consisted of 1,710 students who received bachelor s degrees. The primary activities of these graduates were: employment, further education (including graduate, medical, health-professional, and law school), and service and other activities. (See Figure 1.) Students grouped under the heading other activities were involved in extended travel or were taking time off. Highlights of the achievements of our graduates follow. Employment Percent of graduates: 77% Average salaries of Arts and Sciences graduates: $41,474 Average salaries of College of Business graduates: $54,194 Further Education Percent of graduates: 16% Graduates receiving prestigious fellowships or awards: 19 Medical School acceptance rate: 79% Law School acceptance rate: 68% Students attending graduate school other than health professions or law: 328 Service and Other Activities Percent of graduates: 7% Leading Service Activities: Americorps Jesuit Volunteer Corps Methodology We obtained much of the data for this report from student surveys, with an overall response rate of 49 percent of the graduating class. From independent sources we obtained information about prestigious fellowships, medical and law school admission, and enrollment in graduate school for an additional 8 percent, yielding placement data on a total of 57 percent of graduates. (See End Notes for further information about data sources and statistical analyses.) Employment As shown in Figure 1, the majority of graduates chose employment as their primary postgraduate activity. Over 84% of those responding indicated that they were invited to at least one job interview, and more than half (57%) reported participating in 1 to 3 interviews, with more than 27% participating in 4 or more interviews. About 90% said they received at least one job offer, and approximately 45% indicated they received 2 or more job offers. The overwhelming majority (78%) of those who reported obtaining employment said their job was located in New York State; an additional 15% found jobs located in New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. Six graduates reported finding employment overseas. Table 1 below provides a breakdown of graduates employment by industry, while Table 2 provides a breakdown of graduates employment by occupation. The places of employment included businesses, academic institutions, government, and other non-profit organizations. Table 3 provides a list of the top employers hiring students from the graduating class of 2008.
Figure 1. Career Placement of the Graduating Class of 2008: Primary Postgraduate Activities Employment 77% Service and Other Activities 7% Further Education 16% Employment Further Education Other Table 1 Leading Industries of Employed Graduates, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates Industry with Industry data Percentage Financial Services 162 38.0% Communications 64 15.0% Services 46 10.8% Education 38 8.9% Government 21 4.9% Technology 12 2.8% Cultural Institutions/Arts & Cultural Affairs 9 2.1% Health Care 8 1.9% Manufacturing 7 1.6% Other 59 13.8% Total 426 100.0% 2
Table 2 Leading Occupations of Employed Graduates, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates Occupation with Occupation data Percentage Finance 73 18.5% Accounting 57 14.5% Communications 41 10.4% Teacher 32 8.1% Marketing 26 6.6% Management 21 5.3% Arts 19 4.8% Law-Paralegal 13 3.3% Information Technology 9 2.3% Health Care 6 1.5% Research 6 1.5% Insurance 5 1.3% Lobbying 4 1.0% Other 82 20.8% Total 394 100.0% Table 3 Top Hiring Employers, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates Employer with Employer data Percentage Ernst & Young 23 5.3% KPMG, LLP 16 3.7% JPMorgan Chase 14 3.2% PricewaterhouseCoopers 12 2.8% Merrill Lynch 8 1.8% Fordham University 8 1.8% Deloitte & Touche 7 1.6% U.S. Army 7 1.6% BDO Seidman, LLP 5 1.2% Anchin, Block & Anchin 4 0.9% CitiGroup 4 0.9% Other 327 75.2% Total 435 100.0% Over 68% of the graduates who pursued employment as their primary postgraduate activity reported the annual salaries they accepted when they were hired, and many also supplied information about the signing bonus or annual bonus they received as well. The mean and median salary, signing 3
bonus, and annual bonus are displayed in Table 4. Annual salaries ranged from $20,000 to $160,000, signing bonuses ranged from $2,000 to $40,000, and annual bonuses ranged from $550 to $60,000. Table 4 Mean and Median Salary, Signing Bonus, and Annual Bonus of Employed Graduates, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates Form of Compensation with Salary/Bonus data Amount Liberal Arts Colleges: Mean Annual Salary 137 $41,473.78 Median Annual Salary 137 $39,676.19 Mean Signing Bonus 11 $8,181.82 Median Signing Bonus 11 $9,000.00 Mean Annual Bonus 26 $9,980.77 Median Annual Bonus 26 $4,714.29 College of Business Administration: Mean Annual Salary 178 $54,193.82 Median Annual Salary 178 $57,020.41 Mean Signing Bonus 85 $5,594.12 Median Signing Bonus 85 $4,452.38 Mean Annual Bonus 16 $5,653.13 Median Annual Bonus 16 $4,500.00 All Undergraduate Colleges: Mean Annual Salary 315 $48,661.61 Median Annual Salary 315 $49,029.41 Mean Signing Bonus 96 $5,890.63 Median Signing Bonus 96 $4,619.05 Mean Annual Bonus 42 $8,332.14 Median Annual Bonus 42 $4,636.36 Further Education Approximately 16% of the graduates of 2008 reported enrolling in a graduate or professional school as their primary postgraduate activity. The types of degree programs into which graduates enrolled for Fall 2008 included medical, health-professional, law, doctoral, master s, bachelor s, and certificate programs. These are listed in Table 5. An additional 71 students from among the group who reported employment as their primary postgraduate activity also reported that they had enrolled in an educational program as well. Nearly 4
half of these (49%) indicated they had enrolled in school full time. The types of degree programs into which these particular individuals enrolled for Fall 2008 are displayed in Table 6. Table 5 Types of Degree Programs in which Fordham Graduates Enrolled for Fall 2008, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates with Degree Program Degree Program data Percentage Master's (excluding MBA) 69 26.2% Law 34 12.9% Medical/Health-Professional 14 5.3% MBA 5 1.9% Bachelor's 5 1.9% Certificate (including Licensure) 5 1.9% Doctoral (excluding Medical/Health/Law) 2 0.8% Unspecified 129 49.1% Total 263 100.0% Table 6 Types of Degree Programs in which Employed Graduates Enrolled for Fall 2008, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Employed Graduates Degree Program with Degree Program data Percentage Master's (excluding MBA) 40 56.3% MBA 9 12.7% Law 3 4.2% Certificate (including Licensure) 2 2.8% Doctoral (excluding Medical/Health/Law) 1 1.4% Unspecified 16 22.6% Total 71 100.0% Prestigious Awards Nineteen graduates received prestigious national and international awards. (See Table 7.) Medical and Health-Professional Schools Twenty-five Fordham graduates applied to medical school for Fall 2008, and 6 others applied to a health-professional school. The number of applicants to allopathic, osteopathic, and foreign medical schools is presented in Table 8, as well as the number and percentage accepted for matriculation in Fall 2008. Also shown in Table 8 is the number of applicants to health-professional schools in this case, schools specializing in dentistry and optometry along with the number and percentage of acceptances to these schools for matriculation in Fall 2008. 5
In order to compare the acceptance rate of Fordham graduates with the national acceptance rate to medical school, we separated the graduates who applied to U.S. medical schools from those who applied to foreign medical schools and to other health-professional schools. The acceptance rate of Fordham applicants to U.S. medical schools for Fall 2008 is shown in Table 9. Table 7 Prestigious Awards, Fellowships and Scholarships, Graduating Class of 2008 Prestigious Award Number of Graduates Clare Boothe Luce Scholarship 2 DAAD Research Internship in Science 1 Fulbright English Teaching Assistantship 3 Fulbright Fellowship 3 Gilman Scholarship 1 Jackie Robinson Scholarship 1 Merage Foundation for the American Dream 1 New York State Associated Press Broadcasters Association 1 NYC Teaching Fellowship 1 NYC Urban Fellows 1 Schomburg-Mellon Humanities Summer Institute Scholar 1 Society of Professional Journalists, Mark of Excellence 1 Unilever Legacy of Leadership Award 1 Urban Fellows 1 Total 19 Note: More students than indicated received prestigious fellowships and awards in 2007-2008. Only awards received by graduates of the Class of 2008 (at any time in their careers at Fordham) are included. Table 8 Acceptance Rate of Fordham Graduates to Medical and Health-Professional Schools for Fall 2008 Percent Type of School Applicants Accepted Accepted Medical School: Allopathic 19 11 57.9% Osteopathic 9 8 88.9% Foreign 3 3 100.0% Subtotal: 25 20 80.0% (Continued) 6
Table 8 (Continued) Acceptance Rate of Fordham Graduates to Medical and Health-Professional Schools for Fall 2008 Health-Professional School: Dentistry 5 4 80.0% Optometry 1 1 100.0% Subtotal: 6 5 83.3% Total 31 25 80.6% Note: Subtotals may not equal the sum of the applicants because some students apply to more than one type of school. Table 9 U.S. Medical School Acceptance Rate of Fordham Graduates for Fall 2008 Number of Applicants 24 Number Accepted 19 Acceptance Rate - Fordham Graduates 79.2% Acceptance Rate - National 45.3% A list of all the medical and health-professional schools that accepted Fordham graduates for matriculation in Fall 2008 is displayed in Table 10. Table 10 Medical and Health-Professional Schools Where Fordham Graduates were Accepted for Fall 2008 Enrollment Domestic Allopathic * Albert Einstein College of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Brown Medical School * Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (MD/PhD program) * Georgetown University School of Medicine * Harvard Medical School Howard University School of Medicine * Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Michigan State University College of Human Medicine * New York Medical College * New York University School of Medicine Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago Medical School Stritch School of Medicine of Loyola University Chicago (Continued) 7
Table 10 (Continued) Medical and Health-Professional Schools Where Fordham Graduates were Accepted for Fall 2008 Enrollment SUNY-Albany Medical College SUNY-Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine SUNY-Stony Brook School of Medicine * SUNY-Upstate Medical University Temple University School of Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine * University of Minnesota Medical School University of Rochester School of Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University Domestic Osteopathic * Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine of Midwestern University Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Lincoln Memorial University - DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine * New York College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine * Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine * University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine Foreign Medical and Other Doctoral-Level Health-Professional Schools Foreign Medical Ross University School of Medicine, West Indies * St. James School of Medicine Dentistry * New York University College of Dentistry * SUNY-University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine Optometry * SUNY-State College of Optometry * Schools where Fordham graduates matriculated. Law Schools Fordham graduates also applied for admission to U.S. law schools for matriculation in Fall 2008. Table 11 below shows the acceptance rate for Fordham graduates, as well as the national acceptance rate. Table 12 below lists the 98 U.S. law schools to which Fordham graduates were accepted for matriculation in Fall 2008. Among the prestigious law schools listed according to the 2009 ranking of Best Law Schools compiled by U.S. News and World Report are Columbia University, New York University, Duke University, Northwestern University, University of Virginia, Georgetown University, Washington University in St. Louis, Boston University, Emory University, Indiana University at Bloomington, University of Notre Dame, George Washington University, and Fordham University. 8
Table 11 U.S. Law School Acceptance Rate of Fordham Graduates for Fall 2008 Number of Applicants 212 Number Accepted 143 Acceptance Rate - Fordham Graduates 67.5% Acceptance Rate - National 66.5% Table 12 U.S. Law Schools Where Fordham Graduates were Accepted for Fall 2008 Enrollment * Albany Law School * American University * Appalachian School of Law Atlanta's John Marshall Law School Ave Maria School of Law * Barry University * Baylor University * Boston College Boston University * Brooklyn Law School Capital University Law School Case Western Reserve Catholic University of America * Chicago-Kent College of Law * City University of New York Cleveland State University * Columbia University Creighton University DePaul University Drake University Drexel University * Duke University * Emory University Florida Coastal School of Law * Fordham University George Mason University George Washington University Georgetown University Golden Gate University * Hofstra University Howard University Indiana University-Bloomington 9 (Continued)
Table 12 (Continued) U.S. Law Schools Where Fordham Graduates were Accepted for Fall 2008 Enrollment Indiana University-Indianapolis John Marshall Law School Lewis and Clark Law School Loyola University-Chicago * New England School of Law * New York Law School * New York University * Northeastern University Northern Illinois University Northern Kentucky University Northwestern University Nova Southeastern University Ohio Northern University * Pace University Penn State University Phoenix School of Law * Quinnipiac University Roger Williams University Rutgers University * Rutgers University-Newark * St. John's University * St. Louis University * St. Thomas University Santa Clara University * Seton Hall University * Stetson University * Suffolk University Syracuse University * Temple University * Thomas M. Cooley Law School Thomas Jefferson School of Law * Touro College Tulane University University of Akron University of Arizona * University at Buffalo University of California at Davis * University of California-Hastings College of the Law * University of Cincinnati University of Colorado * University of Connecticut (Continued) 10
Table 12 (Continued) U.S. Law Schools Where Fordham Graduates were Accepted for Fall 2008 Enrollment University of Dayton University of the District of Columbia University of Kentucky University of La Verne * University of Maine * University of Maryland University of Miami University of Missouri-Kansas City University of North Carolina University of Notre Dame University of Oregon University of Pittsburgh * University of San Francisco University of Texas University of Utah University of Virginia Valparaiso University Vanderbilt University Vermont Law School * Villanova University * Washington University * Western New England College Widener University William and Mary Law School * Yeshiva University * Schools where Fordham graduates matriculated. Graduate School (Other than Medical, Health, and Law) In total, the class of 2008 enrolled in 96 different schools (other than medical, healthprofessional, and law schools, which are reported separately) in order to pursue graduate study. Table 13 lists some of the colleges and universities in which Fordham graduates enrolled for further study in Fall 2008. Geographically, the majority of graduates pursuing further education chose to matriculate into school programs that are located within the five boroughs of New York City (68%). In terms of distribution by state, over 77% of graduates decided to attend educational programs situated within New York State. Eleven students reported relocating to another country to pursue further education. Regarding their time commitment to education, approximately 68% indicated that they were enrolled full time; whereas nearly 9% were enrolled three-quarter time and about 23% were enrolled half time or less. 11
Table 13 Educational Institutions in which Fordham Graduates Enrolled for Fall 2008 (Other than Medical, Health-Professional, and Law Schools), Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates with Educational Institution Enrollment data Percentage Fordham University 99 30.2% New York University 16 4.9% The City College of New York (CUNY) 9 2.7% Columbia University 8 2.4% St. John's University 8 2.4% Pace University 7 2.1% Hunter College (CUNY) 6 1.8% Lehman College (CUNY) 6 1.8% Queens College (CUNY) 6 1.8% Mercy College 4 1.2% Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey 4 1.2% American University 3 0.9% Bank Street College of Education 3 0.9% Fairfield University 3 0.9% Iona College 3 0.9% Boston College 2 0.6% Brooklyn College (CUNY) 2 0.6% Harvard University 2 0.6% The Graduate School and Univ. Center 2 0.6% The New School 2 0.6% Drexel University 1 0.3% Georgia Institute of Technology 1 0.3% National University of Ireland, Galway 1 0.3% Oxford University 1 0.3% Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Netherlands 1 0.3% Sarah Lawrence College 1 0.3% Stony Brook University (SUNY) 1 0.3% Temple University 1 0.3% Trinity College, Dublin 1 0.3% Tulane University 1 0.3% UCLA 1 0.3% University of Dundee 1 0.3% University of Hamburg 1 0.3% University of Notre Dame 1 0.3% University of St. Andrews 1 0.3% University of Toronto 1 0.3% University of Virginia 1 0.3% Yale University 1 0.3% Other 115 35.1% Total 328 100.0% 12
Service Programs and Other Activities Approximately 7% of the class of 2008 who responded to our career placement survey chose either to enroll in a service program or to pursue other endeavors as their primary postgraduate activity. Service Programs Fourteen students chose to lend a helping hand to others by enrolling in a volunteer or paid service program as their primary activity. The geographic scope, location, and length of service of the programs they chose are shown in Table 14. An additional 58 graduates from among those who elected employment or graduate school as their primary postgraduate focus also decided to participate in a service program. Program characteristics for this group of volunteers are provided in Table 15. Table 14 Service as a Primary Postgraduate Activity, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates with Service Program Service Program data Percentage Scope: Local 6 42.9% National 4 28.6% International 4 28.6% Subtotal: 14 100.0% Location: New York City 5 35.7% U.S. 6 42.9% Overseas 3 21.4% Subtotal: 14 100.0% Length of Service: 12 months or less 10 71.4% 24 months or more 4 28.6% Subtotal: 14 100.0% Total 14 100.0% 13
Table 15 Service Activity as Secondary to Employment or Graduate School, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates with Service Program Service Program data Percentage Scope: Local 32 55.2% National 21 36.2% International 5 8.6% Subtotal: 58 100.0% Location: New York City 31 53.4% U.S. 24 41.4% Overseas 3 5.2% Subtotal: 58 100.0% Length of Service: 12 months or less 38 66.7% Between 12 and 24 months 1 1.7% 24 months or more 18 31.6% Subtotal: 57 100.0% Total 58 100.0% Finally, of the 52 service programs in which the class of 2008 enrolled, Table 16 lists the seven programs with the largest number of Fordham graduates. Table 16 Service Programs in which Fordham Graduates Enrolled for Fall 2008, Graduating Class of 2008 Number of Graduates with Service Program Service Program data Percentage AmeriCorps 10 13.9% Jesuit Volunteer Corps 5 6.9% American Cancer Society 3 4.2% Barack Obama Presidential Campaign 3 4.2% National Multiple Sclerosis Society 2 2.8% New York City Dept. of Education 2 2.8% St. Lukes/Roosevelt Hospital 2 2.8% Other 45 62.4% Total 72 100.0% 14
Other Activities Twenty-eight graduates of the class of 2008 engaged in other activities as their primary focus mainly traveling and taking time off. Full-time travel (for at least 3 months) topped the list (46%), followed by (at least 3 months of) time off (38%). In addition, one graduate chose to pursue a music career part-time, while another decided to enter a religious order (the Society of Jesus). The majority of graduates in this group applied for employment and many reported being offered a job, but none reported accepting a job offer. End Notes Methodology Of graduating students, 839 (49%) responded to surveys requesting information about their postgraduate plans and career placement. Independently, we collected graduate school placement information for an additional 129 graduates, bringing the total number of graduates for whom we obtained career plans and career placement data to 968, or approximately 57% of the graduating class. From this pool of information we were able to ascertain the career placement outcomes of 747 graduates. Sources The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); the College of Business Administration s Exit Survey of Graduating Seniors; the College of Business Administration s survey of employers; premedical advisors; pre-law advisors; the Association of American Medical Colleges Data Warehouse; the Law School Admission Council online Volume Summary; the Edmund Campion Institute for the Advancement of Academic Excellence; the Office of Fulbright and Graduate Fellowships; the Fordham University Student Information System; and the National Student Clearinghouse. Figure 1 Note. The proportions reported are based on combined data gathered from the sources listed above. The proportions of students in the placement categories displayed in the figure were estimated from the sample and weighted according to the population of students in each category for which we obtained information. Sources: See general source note. Table 1 Note. These data are based on 426 graduates for whom industry information could be obtained. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the College of Business Administration s Exit Survey of Graduating Seniors and survey of employers. Table 2 Note. These data are based on 394 graduates for whom occupation information could be obtained. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (the pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the College of Business Administration s Exit Survey of Graduating Seniors and survey of employers. Table 3 Note. The data on top hiring employers are based on 435 graduates with employer information. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the College of Business Administration s Exit Survey of Graduating Seniors and survey of employers. Table 4 Note. Liberal arts colleges consist of: Fordham College at Rose Hill, Fordham College at Lincoln Center, and Fordham College of Liberal Studies. There were 315 graduates with salary information, 96 with signing bonus information, and 42 with annual bonus information. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the College of Business Administration s Exit Survey of Graduating Seniors and survey of employers. Table 5 Note. Data on types of degree programs are based on 263 graduates with degree program information who chose further education as their primary postgraduate activity. 15
Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the National Student Clearinghouse. Table 6 Note. Data on types of degree programs are based on 71 graduates with degree program information who chose employment as their primary postgraduate activity. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the National Student Clearinghouse. Table 7 Note. Only awards received by graduates of the Class of 2008 (at any time in their careers at Fordham) are included. Sources: The St. Edmund Campion Institute for the Advancement of Intellectual Excellence; the Office of Fulbright and Graduate Fellowships. Table 8 Note. Medical school programs include allopathic, osteopathic, and foreign; health-professional schools include: dentistry, veterinary science, podiatry, and optometry. Data are based on 31 applicants. Acceptances are for Fall 2008. Sources: Pre-medical advisors; and the Association of American Medical Colleges Data Warehouse. Table 9 Note. U.S. medical school programs include only allopathic and osteopathic medical programs. The acceptance rate to U.S. medical schools is for the class matriculating in Fall 2008. Included are Fordham graduates from any prior year who applied to medical school and were accepted for Fall 2008. This definition is the customary method of reporting medical school acceptances. Sources: Pre-medical advisors; and the Association of American Medical Colleges Data Warehouse. Table 10 Note. Medical school programs include allopathic, osteopathic, and foreign; health-professional schools include: dentistry, veterinary science, podiatry, and optometry. The list pertains to medical and health-professional school acceptances for the class matriculating in Fall 2008. Schools where Fordham graduates actually matriculated are indicated by an asterisk. Sources: Pre-medical advisors; and the National Student Clearinghouse. Table 11 Note. The acceptance rate to U.S. law schools is for the class matriculating in Fall 2008. Included are Fordham graduates from any prior year who applied to law school and were accepted for Fall 2008. This definition is the customary method of reporting law school acceptances. Sources: Pre-law advisors; and the Law School Admission Council. Table 12 Note. The list pertains to U.S. law school acceptances for the class matriculating in Fall 2008. Schools where Fordham graduates actually matriculated are indicated by an asterisk. Sources: Pre-law advisors; and the National Student Clearinghouse. Table 13 Note. The data on educational institutions are based on 328 graduates with institution information. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions); and the National Student Clearinghouse. Table 14 Note. Data on service programs are based on 14 graduates with service program information who chose service as their primary postgraduate activity. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions) Table 15 Note. Data on service programs are based on 58 graduates with service program information who chose employment or further education as their primary postgraduate activity. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions) 16
Table 16 Note. Data on service programs are based on 72 graduates with service program information. Sources: The Fordham University Career Placement Survey (pencil-and-paper and online versions) Acknowledgements The Offices of Career Services, Institutional Research, Alumni Relations, and the College of Business Administration collaborated on this research. Fordham s Pre-Law and Pre-Health Advisors, the St. Edmund Campion Institute for the Advancement of Intellectual Excellence, and the Office of Fulbright and Graduate Fellowships provided assistance. Staff of the Office of Institutional Research carried out the research and produced the report: Dr. Peter Feigenbaum, Associate Director, designed and conducted the data analyses and wrote the final report; Maria Tsypkina, Research Assistant, helped redesign the survey questions, create and produce the revised survey forms, and collect the data; Jennifer Lee, Research Analyst, and Stefan Riecher, Research Assistant, contributed to the revision of the original survey instrument and to the compilation of the data. Donald A. Gillespie, Associate Vice President, supervised the entire project and edited the final report. 17