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Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 5 2. Summary... 6 2.1. Collecting Malware... 7 2.2. Processing Malware... 7 2.3. Identifying Malware... 8 2.4. Detecting Malware... 8 2.5. Classifying Malware... 11 3. Trends... 13 3.1. Adware... 13 3.2. Backdoors and Bots... 14 3.3. Exploits... 15 3.4. Rootkits... 15 3.5. Trojans... 17 3.6. Worms... 18 3.7. 64-bit Malware... 19 3.8. Malicious Others... 20 4. Geolocation... 21 5. Final Word... 25 Appendix A: Detecting Malware... 27 Appendix B: Classifying Malware... 28 page 2 of 30

Table of Figures Figure 1: Unique New Malicious Files Q3... 7 Figure 2: Space Needed for Storing Only Unique New Samples Q3... 7 Figure 3: New Malicious Files in July... 9 Figure 4: New Malicious Files in August... 9 Figure 5: New Malicious Files in September... 10 Figure 6: July Processing - Detected vs Not Detected... 10 Figure 7: September Processing - Detected vs Not Detected... 11 Figure 8: August Processing - Detected vs Not Detected... 11 Figure 9: Amount of Identified Adware Q3 2014... 13 Figure 10: Amount of Identified Backdoors and Bots Q3 2014... 14 Figure 11: Amount of Identified Exploits Q3 2014... 15 Figure 12: Amount of Identified Rootkits Q3 2014... 16 Figure 13: Distribution of 'Rootkit.15158' Q3... 16 Figure 14: Amount of Identified Trojans Q3 2014... 17 Figure 15: Amount of Identified Worms Q3 2014... 18 Figure 16: 64-Bit Malware Q3 2014... 19 Figure 17: Amount of Identified 64-Bit Malware Q3 2014... 20 Figure 18: DarkComet RAT-usage Europe... 22 Figure 19: Global View of Xtreme RAT-usage... 23 page 3 of 30

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1. Introduction This is the third quarterly trend report for 2014 from the RedSocks Malware Research Lab. RedSocks is a Dutch company specialising in malware detection. Our solution, RedSocks Malware Threat Defender, is a network appliance that analyses digital traffic flows in real-time, based on algorithms and lists of malicious indicators. This critical information is compiled by the RedSocks Malware Intelligence Team (RSMIT). The team consists of specialists whose job is to identify new threats on the Internet and to translate them into state-of-the-art malware detection capabilities. With this report, we hope to provide the reader with a deeper insight into the trends we see in the Malware we process. We will look at data collected during the third quarter of 2014. RedSocks analyses large numbers of malicious files on a daily basis, therefore we can cover only a few topics briefly in this trend report. Protecting your data from Internet-based threats is not an easy task and relying on protection from Anti-Virus companies, no matter how established their brand, is not enough. Comprehensive protection requires an entirely new approach. page 5 of 30

2. Summary The total number of new and unique malicious files processed per month went from 8.7 million in July to 7.4 million in August, and down to 6.6 million in September. The overall detection by Anti-Virus software this quarter remains roughly the same compared to the last quarter. The detection rate for July was 75.78 percent. For August, it is 77.50 percent and in September, the average detection was 80.06 percent. This might not sound too bad, but it means that around 24 percent, 23 percent and 20 percent was not detected. There is a slight improvement, however, compared with the second quarter. Please note that identification rates can change based on samples chosen and time scanned. During the third quarter, the number of identified adware dropped from 1.2 million in July and August to 0.9 million in September. The drop in the numbers of identified backdoors and bots (B&B) reported in our Second Quarter Malware Trend Report, has come to an end. In July, the numbers dropped to 53,000. In August the numbers increased to 117,000 and, in September, the numbers increased further to 140,000 new B&B. Only 0.03 percent of the files were detected as exploit and 0.05 percent as rootkit in July by Anti- Virus software. In August, 0.03 percent was detected as rootkits and 0.09 percent as exploits. For September it is 0.04 percent exploits and 0.02 percent for the rootkits. Like in the first and second quarter of this year, trojans are by far the most popular type of malware. In July and August, they made up for 3.1 and 3.2 million. In September, 2.5 million unique files were identified as trojans. In July, 690,000 worm files were identified. In August, the number dropped to 381,000. In September, 463,000 worms were added to our databases. Grouped together, all other malicious files such as flooders, hacktools, spoofers, spyware, viruses, etc., make up for 39, 33 and 38 percent of the total for July, August and September, respectively. As in the second quarter, most Command & Control (C&C) servers were hosted in the United States, followed by the Russian Federation and then Germany. The Netherlands was the biggest riser in countries hosting C&C servers during the second quarter. During the third quarter, The Netherlands held 5 th place. page 6 of 30

2.1. Collecting Malware At the RedSocks Malware Research Labs, we track large numbers of malware from our globally-distributed honeypots, honey-clients, spamnets and various botnet monitoring sensors. Due to the distribution of our honeypots, we are able to automatically collect and process new malicious samples from across the globe. We also exchange large quantities of malicious files with the Anti-Virus industry. Figure 1: Unique New Malicious Files Q3 2.2. Processing Malware Working with malware is what we love to do. More than 200,000 new malicious files arrive every day at our automated malware collecting machines. All samples were renamed to their hash calculation. We then check to see if that particular piece of malware has already been processed. The picture on the right shows the total amount of disk space needed to store all the new malicious files. While the numbers Figure 2: Space Needed for Storing Only Unique New Samples Q3 of new malicious files stayed more or less the same, the average file size decreased a little bit. During the second quarter, we saw that malicious files, on average, shrunk 12.73 percent. During the third quarter, the average file size increased with 118.52 percent. New file metrics by month April May June July August September Average number of new files per day 236,719 218,280 239,528 279,969 237,761 219,353 Average file size in bytes 471,319 453,797 411,308 455,027 494,817 539,299 Average Anti-Virus Detection 75.52% 74.61% 79.76% 75.78% 77.50% 80.06% page 7 of 30

2.3. Identifying Malware At RedSocks, we collect all types and categories of malware for all operating systems but we do have a special interest in certain types and categories of malware. A simple means of identifying malware is by file type. RSMIT uses various analysis tools to statistically determine the most likely file type for each malware sample we analyse. The majority of malware samples target Windows users, which causes Windows executable files to be very common while executables for other operating systems are far less common. The top 10 file types are listed in the tables below. July August September Extension Amount Extension Amount Extension Amount EXE 7,360,993 EXE 6,143,113 EXE 5,500,664 DLL 813,347 DLL 827,924 DLL 720,834 OCX 197,634 SCR 223,397 OCX 141,419 SCR 134,100 OCX 126,126 SCR 89,343 AX 43,450 AX 28,134 AX 28,805 DOC 2,926 PDF 2,949 XLS 5,241 CAB 2,529 DOC 2,113 DOC 4,341 PDF 2,511 XLS 1,449 PDF 3,498 XLS 2,197 CPL 1,188 CAB 1,466 CPL 1,746 CAB 848 CPL 1,390 In the second quarter of this year, we saw a total of 47, 37 and 42 different extensions being used by malware, respectively. Like in the previous quarter,.exe files are by far the most popular way to distribute malware. Eighty-four (84) percent of all malicious files in the third quarter were.exe files an increase of 3 percent compared with the second quarter. 2.4. Detecting Malware At RedSocks Malware Labs we use an in-house classification system for grouping malware. We have classified over 300 types for which we have created detailed statistics. Once multiple anti-virus scanners (in paranoid mode) have performed their on-demand scan, we know which malware was detected and, perhaps more importantly, which was not. In graph below, the blue section shows all the new and unique malicious files per day, the green section shows the sum of all files identified by Anti-Virus software and, in red, the number of files not detected. page 8 of 30

Figure 3: New Malicious Files in July Figure 4: New Malicious Files in August page 9 of 30

Figure 5: New Malicious Files in September In July 2014, of all the malicious files we processed, about 24 percent of them were not detected by any of the Anti-Virus products we currently use. In August, 22 percent of the samples on average remained undetected. In September, the Anti-Virus detection improved, but still missed 20 percent of all malicious samples we processed. In Appendix A: Detecting Malware you will find detection results by both day and month. Figure 6: July Processing - Detected vs Not Detected page 10 of 30

Figure 8: August Processing - Detected vs Not Detected Figure 7: September Processing - Detected vs Not Detected 2.5. Classifying Malware We categorise malware according to its primary feature. In the third quarter, malware was grouped as follows: All Malware Adware B&B Exploits Rootkits Trojans Worms Others Adware Droppers Backdoors ADODB (D)DoS Trojans Email-Worms (D)DoS Tools Adware Downloaders Bots HTML Banking Trojans Generic Worms AV Tools Toolbars Java Batch Trojans IM-Worms Constructors JS FakeAV IRC-Worms DOS based Linux GameThief Trojans Net-Worms Encrypted Malware MSExcel Generic Trojans Net-Worms Flooders MSPPoint IRC Trojans P2P-Worms Fraud Tools MSWord Java Trojan Packed Worms Generic Malware OSX LNK Trojans Script Worms Hack Tools PDF Packed Trojans Macro based Script PasswordSt. Trojans Malware Heuristic SWF Proxy Trojans Monitors Win32 Randsom Trojans Nukers Win64 Rogue Trojans Porn-Dialers Script Trojans SMS Trojans Spy Trojans Trojan Clickers Porn-Downloaders Porn-Tools PSW-Tools PUP page 11 of 30

All Malware Trojan Dialers Trojan Downloaders Trojan Droppers Trojan Flooders Trojan Mailfinder Trojan Notifiers Trojan RATs WinREG Trojans RemoteAdmin Riskware Spammers Spoofers SpyTools Spyware Suspicious Viruses The Others category consists of malicious samples that do not fit in any of the six main categories. See Appendix B: Classifying Malware for the numbers by day, category and month. page 12 of 30

3. Trends Discovering malware propagation trends starts with an analysis of the raw data behind the collection and processing of malware. From July to September, RedSocks Malware Research Labs identified the following trends by malware category. 3.1. Adware During the second quarter, we identified around 3 million files as adware. During the third quarter, we identified 3.3 million as adware. Like in the second quarter, this accounts for about 15 percent of the total. The overall popularity of adware stayed the same. Figure 9: Amount of Identified Adware Q3 2014 On the 25 th of July, generic variations of Adware.Graftor.146103, Adware.Dropper.101 and Adware.Dropper.103 were identified in 47,000, 26,000 and 15,000 files. Generic Malware ID Count Days active Q3 Adware.Dropper.101 394,809 92 Adware.Dropper.103 305,943 92 Adware.Dropper.105 24,520 17 Adware.Dropper.106 3,131 17 Adware.Dropper.108 144,223 61 Adware.Dropper.110 4,163 41 Adware.Dropper.112 53 5 page 13 of 30

During the third quarter, 877,000 variations of the Adware.Dropper family were found. They can be grouped in seven major versions. Newer versions are clearly not always better or more popular compared to the days they were active on. 3.2. Backdoors and Bots Files identified as infected with a backdoor, or having bot functions, made up 2 percent in the second quarter. A total of 309,000 files were classified in this category in the third quarter. This is 1 percent of the total. Figure 10: Amount of Identified Backdoors and Bots Q3 2014 Since May 2014, the distribution of new and variations of backdoors and bots (B&B), have been low. From the second week of September the numbers are rising again. On the 23 rd of August, 31,000 variations of Backdoor.Delf.ARS and 17,000 variations of Backdoor.Wabot.A were intercepted. page 14 of 30

3.3. Exploits An exploit is an attack on a computer system, especially one that takes advantage of a particular vulnerability. Looking at malicious files that were identified as exploits, we see some spikes above 250. Figure 11: Amount of Identified Exploits Q3 2014 In the second quarter, we saw a slight decrease in the overall usage of exploits compared to the first quarter. This trend continued during the third quarter. Of the 461 major exploit families we identified, one jumps out: spread over 56 days, with 1,400 unique samples, is CVE-2010-0188.C. This statistic makes it the most popular exploit of this quarter. Exploit CVE-2010-0188.C identifies malicious PDF files downloaded by the Blackhole exploit kit that take advantage of a known vulnerability in Adobe Reader. To prevent successful exploitation, install the latest updates available for Adobe Reader and/or remove any old, unnecessary installations. 3.4. Rootkits A rootkit is a type of software designed to hide the fact that an operating system has been compromised. This can be done in various ways, such as replacing vital executables or by introducing a new kernel module. Rootkits allow malware to hide in plain sight. Rootkits themselves are not harmful they are simply used to hide malware, bots and worms. To install a rootkit, an attacker must first gain sufficient access the target operating system. This could be accomplished by using an exploit, by obtaining valid account credentials or through social engineering. Because rootkits are activated before your operating system boots up, they are very difficult to detect and therefore provide a powerful way for attackers to access and use the targeted page 15 of 30

computer without the owner being aware of it. Due to the way rootkits are used and installed, they are notoriously difficult to remove. Rootkits today are usually not used to gain elevated access, but are instead used to mask malware payloads more effectively. Figure 12: Amount of Identified Rootkits Q3 2014 The huge spike on the 10 th of August was created by 2,600 different files containing Rootkit.15158 (or a slight modification of it). In the third quarter a total of 3,498 unique files were identified using this rootkit. Distribution started on the 1 st of August and was last seen on the 29 th of September. Figure 13: Distribution of 'Rootkit.15158' Q3 page 16 of 30

In the first and second quarter, we saw a slight drop in the usage of rootkits. This drop continued in the third quarter. 3.5. Trojans Trojans are by far the biggest category of malware, with more than 9.1 million (43 percent) new unique samples in the second quarter of this year. In the third quarter 8.8 million files (39 percent) were Trojans. Of all the trojan families, we will only discuss the top three. In third place we find Trojan.Agent.BEFC, with 188,000 different samples distributed over 64 days its best day was on the 5 th of July, with a little over 14,000 samples. In second place is Trojan.Agent.BDMJ, with 259,000 files spread over 89 days its best day was on the 1 st of July. Without a doubt, the most distributed trojan family is Trojan.Generic.11210422: in 58 days we counted nearly a 271,000 new samples. Figure 14: Amount of Identified Trojans Q3 2014 AV-Identifier Total Count First Seen Last Seen Best Day Count Best Day Days Seen Trojan.Generic.11210422 270,613 01-07-14 27-08-14 29-07-14 51,487 58 Trojan.Agent.BDMJ 258,928 01-07-14 30-09-14 01-07-14 24,136 89 Trojan.Agent.BEFC 188,099 24-07-14 28-09-14 05-09-14 14,074 64 page 17 of 30

During the first and second quarter there was a slight increase in trojan use. In the third quarter there was a 3 percent drop in trojan usage. 3.6. Worms In roughly 1.8 million new files we identified worm traces and functionalities. The first spike above 100,000, on the 16 th of July, was primarily caused by 83,000 samples of Worm.Generic.510258. On the 19 th of July, 82,000 minor variations of Win32.Worm.P2p.Picsys.C were counted. The last spike, on the 13 th of September, was again caused by Worm.Generic.510258 on this day we saw 54,000 files. Figure 15: Amount of Identified Worms Q3 2014 The top 3 most identified Worm families include: AV-Identifier Total Amount First Seen Last Seen Best Day Amount Best Day Days Seen Win32.Worm.P2p.Picsys.C 290,077 01-07-14 30-09-14 19-07-14 81,650 91 Worm.Generic.510258 289,723 02-07-14 30-09-14 16-07-14 82,655 85 Win32.Worm.VB.NZQ 110,606 02-07-14 30-09-14 21-07-14 32,781 85 Members belonging to the peer-to-peer worm Picsys.C were responsible for the last spike, with 54,000 files on the 13 th of September. Compared with the second quarter, worm usage increased by 1.4 percent. page 18 of 30

3.7. 64-bit Malware In the second quarter of this year, Expiro family members designed to infect 32-bit and 64-bit files ruled the 64-bit malware charts. The third quarter shows a drop in the old Expiro usage and the rise of the second and third generation. Figure 16: 64-Bit Malware Q3 2014 Expiro aims to maximise profit and infects executable files on local, removable and network drives. As for the payload, this malware installs extensions for the Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox browsers. The malware also steals stored certificates and passwords from Internet Explorer, Microsoft Outlook and from the FTP client FileZilla. Browser extensions are used to redirect the user to a malicious URL as well as to hijack confidential information, such as account credentials or online banking information. The virus disables some services on the compromised computer, including Windows Defender and Windows Security Center, and can also terminate processes. There were 33,000 intercepted 64-bit malware samples during the third quarter. page 19 of 30

Figure 17: Amount of Identified 64-Bit Malware Q3 2014 3.8. Malicious Others After the adware, backdoors/bots, exploits, rootkits, worms and 64-bit malware, we are still left with 6.4 million identified malicious files. This is 28 percent of the total for this quarter. In the tables below, we divided the others over 10 categories. Q3 Q2 Category Count % of total +/- Count % of total +/- DOS based 2,070 0.009 % -0.089 % 20,566 0.098 % +0.088 % Encrypted Malware 10,361 0.046 % -0.011 % 12,031 0.057 % n/a Generic Malware 4,083,268 18.043 % +3.660 % 3,028,399 14.384 % -0.027 % Macro based 9,530 0.042 % -0.024 % 14,018 0.067 % +0.064 % Malware Heuristic 153,411 0.678 % -0.355 % 217,509 1.033 % +0.096 % PUPs 2,088,143 9.227 % +0.456 % 1,846,627 8.771 % +5.746 % Riskware 138 0.001 % 0.000 % 163 0.001 % n/a Suspicious 62,181 0.275 % +0.071 % 42,863 0.204 % -0.181 % (Hack)Tools 3,448 0.015 % -0.062 % 16,343 0.078 % n/a Windows viruses 2,784 0.012 % -0.012 % 5,080 0.024 % -0.092 % Total 6,415,335 28.349 % +3.633 % 5,203,599 24.715 % +5.829 % % of total: The percentage of the category of all the malicious files processed in that quarter. +/-: Increase/decrease in percentage compared with the quarter before. Windows viruses: These are so called classic viruses for Microsoft Windows, true file infectors. page 20 of 30

4. Geolocation Last quarter, we located Command & Control (C&C) hotspots by plotting the servers with the most traffic and connections on a map this quarter we do the same for RATs. RATs are short for Remote Administration Trojans or Remote Access Trojans (sometimes described as Remote Access Tools). These are not regular administrator tools, but ones which are developed and used for malicious remote access. When talking about RATs, you need to turn the usual definition of client-server around. In this case the server is the RAT implant running on the infected system while the client is the controller application used by the attacker. From all the RATs, we would like to share the Geolocation of two of them. The first one is DarkComet, a freely available Remote Administration Tool which was developed by DarkCoderSC, an independent programmer and computer security specialist from France. He advertises DarkComet as a tool and not a trojan because of its many useful functions which could be used to administer a network at a very close level. However, he also mentions that his tool is often used by hackers and hence it is often detected by antivirus engines as being malicious. While the tool is free to download and use, he offers the VIP service, which gives the user access to direct support, updates about the product and the ability to post new ideas or software bugs all for 20 Euros or $25. Here is a list of some of the features of this RAT: Find out all system information, including hardware being used and the exact version of your operating system, including security patches. Control all the processes currently running on your system. View and modify your registry and Hosts file. Control your computer from a remote shell. Modify your startup processes and services, including adding a few of its own. Execute various types of scripts on your system. Modify/View/Steal your files. Put files of its own on your system. Steal your stored password. Listen to your microphone. Log your keystrokes. Scan your network and view your network shares. Steal your contacts / Add new contacts! Steal from your clipboard. Control your printer. Lock/Restart/Shutdown your computer. Update the implant with a new address to beacon to or new functionality. page 21 of 30

These are only a few of the features of this RAT. Plotting DarkComet RAT on a map reveals its popularity in Europe: Figure 18: DarkComet RAT-usage Europe The second RAT we would like to share is Xtreme RAT. During the first quarter of this year, hackers were dropping standard malware such as Zeus, in favour of more advanced but harder-to-use RATs such as Xtreme RAT. Senior researcher at FireEye, Nart Villeneuve, reported uncovering this trend in a blog post 1 : "During our investigation we found that the majority of Xtreme RAT activity is associated with spam campaigns that typically distribute Zeus variants and other banking-focused malware," he said. "This seems odd, considering RATs require manual labour as opposed to automated banking Trojans." When plotted on a global map, we see that this RAT is very popular in the Middle East. At the moment we can only speculate on the usage of this RAT in the Middle East. 1 : FireEye blog post (Nart Villeneuve) page 22 of 30

Figure 19: Global View of Xtreme RAT-usage Xtreme RAT is a notorious RAT that has been freely available on a number of cyber black markets. Hackers can also customise Xtreme RAT to add new abilities, as its source code has been leaked online. Many of the DarkComet and Xtreme RATs are using a dynamic DNS construction via the services of XS Usenet B.V. in Sweden besides local IP addresses. Below is some information regarding this ISP and the used IP range: AS47869 91.235.68.0/24 XS Usenet B.V. inetnum: 91.235.168.0-91.235.168.255 netname: XSUSENET descr: XS Usenet B.V. country: SE org: ORG-XU1-RIPE admin-c: XUH1-RIPE tech-c: XUH1-RIPE tech-c: NN1175-RIPE status: ASSIGNED PI mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT mnt-lower: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT mnt-by: MNT-XSU mnt-routes: MNT-XSU mnt-domains: MNT-XSU source: RIPE # Filtered page 23 of 30

During the second quarter of 2014, there were only minor changes at the top of the C&C landscape. Below are the top 10 countries from the second quarter of 2014: Top 10 Countries Hosting C&C April May June United States 1274 United States 1203 United States 1128 Russian Federation 453 Russian Federation 474 Russian Federation 490 Germany 289 Germany 236 Germany 257 China 226 United Kingdom 206 United Kingdom 200 United Kingdom 213 China 172 The Netherlands 184 Iran 185 The Netherlands 166 China 182 Turkey 142 Turkey 138 Turkey 133 The Netherlands 137 Korea 123 Korea 126 Korea 130 Ukraine 110 Iran 118 Ukraine 118 France and Sweden 107 Ukraine 113 In the third quarter the United States still led the pack, followed by the Russian Federation and Germany: Top 10 Countries Hosting C&C July August September United States 1491 United States 1163 United States 870 Russian Federation 521 Russian Federation 529 Russian Federation 446 Germany 315 Germany 318 Germany 260 United Kingdom 311 United Kingdom 302 United Kingdom 259 Netherlands 225 Netherlands 208 Netherlands 156 China 216 Ukraine 202 China 152 Ukraine 160 China 196 Turkey 146 Korea 132 Turkey 154 Ukraine 130 France 129 Korea 137 Korea 102 Turkey 129 France 132 France 101 In August and September, Microsoft has been actively shutting down C&C servers in the United States. page 24 of 30

5. Final Word In the second quarter of 2014, the total number of new malicious files processed was 21.1 million. For the third quarter it was 22.6 million an increase of 7 percent. The overall detection by Anti-Virus software improved by 1.15 percent compared with the second quarter. Altogether, around 4.9 million malicious files went undetected during the third quarter. By grouping and classifying the identified malware, we detected a decrease of popularity in 5 of the 7 main malware categories during the third quarter. These five categories are: adware, backdoors and bot, exploits, rootkits and trojans. The remaining two categories, worms and other malware, increased. Category Total % of Total +/- compared to Q2 Largest Family Total number Q3 Adware 3,317,733 14.661 % - 0.011 % Gen:Variant.Adware.Dropper.101 394,809 Backdoors/Botnets 309,385 1.367 % -0.549 % Backdoor.Bot.158614 77,704 Exploit 7,109 0.031 % -0.007 % Exploit:W32/CVE-2010-0188.C 1,423 Rootkits 12,928 0.057 % -0.055 % Rootkit.15158 3,498 Trojans 8,815,922 38.956% -4.500 % Trojan.Generic.11210422 270,613 Worms 1,804,149 7.972 % +1.362 % Win32.Worm.P2p.Picsys.C 290,077 Others 8,293,280 36.647 % +3.325 % Win32.Ramnit.N 1,425,643 Within the top 10 of countries hosting C&C servers, there was little change. The top 5 countries stayed the same during the third quarter. United States led the third quarter of 2014, followed by the Russian Federation, Germany and the United Kingdom. The Netherlands can be found in 5 th place, in July, August and September. Dutch CryptoLocker campaign: For the last couple of days there has been a CryptoLocker malware campaign on the RedSocks visible radar. On various forums people report spam seemingly sent from PostNL. The spam contains URLs like postnl-track.com, postnl-track.info, postnl-track.org, postnl-track.net or postnltracktrace.com. Via these domains cyber criminals try to infect visitors with the CryptoLocker malware. Once the spam mail is opened and the user clicks on the link, they are asked to type in a number that enables them to download more information regarding their postal package. But, instead, the user downloads a.zip file containing an Windows executable with track_[nummer].exe as the filename (every downloaded executable has its own unique MD5 hash value). page 25 of 30

When the malicious file is executed, a big red warning appears notifying the user that their files have been encrypted with CryptoLocker encrypted files have.encrypted appended to their filenames. The CryptoLocker malware encrypts all documents and some other files. For 400 Euro, CryptoLocker promises to decrypt all the files. In contrast with most Dutch spam, there are only a few minor spelling errors in this campaign. For more information and details on CryptoLocker see the blog post of Rickey Gevers 2. We hope you that you enjoyed our third Malware Trend Report of this year and that it provides you with insight into the trends we have seen during the third quarter of 2014. We continue to innovate, so please check back with us for our next quarterly trend report. Questions, comments and requests can be directed towards the RedSocks Malware Research Labs. G.J.Vroon Anti-Malware Behavioural Researcher RedSocks B.V. W: www.redsocks.nl T: +31 (0) 55 36 61 396 E: info@redsocks.nl 2: CryptoLocker blog post (Rickey Gevers) page 26 of 30

Appendix A: Detecting Malware July August September Day Files/day Detected Undetected Files/day Detected Undetected Files/day Detected Undetected 1 231,215 201,512 29,704 184,026 158,840 25,187 239,126 201,846 37,279 2 260,455 227,561 32,894 191,338 154,811 36,527 236,601 198,112 38,488 3 213,345 182,721 30,624 222,905 146,697 76,208 165,116 115,851 49,265 4 303,476 262,315 41,161 207,948 133,971 73,977 132,314 116,227 16,087 5 293,655 251,158 42,497 296,223 217,693 78,530 244,459 181,990 62,469 6 251,246 189,897 61,350 223,473 141,493 81,980 220,487 170,210 50,276 7 239,064 166,891 72,173 251,999 204,117 47,883 307,784 244,161 63,624 8 303,854 227,484 76,370 250,537 182,156 68,381 170,997 118,793 52,204 9 231,671 187,356 44,315 274,515 220,228 54,288 196,886 144,982 51,903 10 285,159 129,134 156,025 299,826 266,947 32,878 175,565 54,222 121,343 11 205,410 167,441 37,969 217,804 101,123 116,682 115,433 72,158 43,275 12 199,065 169,470 29,595 290,279 242,213 48,066 187,449 144,766 42,683 13 267,198 228,893 38,304 292,304 259,552 32,752 354,859 312,905 41,954 14 245,964 175,275 70,689 193,414 131,480 61,934 170,819 128,074 42,745 15 243,645 204,741 38,904 163,321 124,120 39,200 210,833 164,792 46,041 16 287,457 259,286 28,171 265,502 243,304 22,198 225,021 194,477 30,544 17 254,753 194,258 60,495 253,413 224,340 29,073 289,580 242,957 46,623 18 287,442 233,257 54,185 300,524 262,758 37,767 320,598 279,991 40,607 19 509,614 405,489 104,125 277,080 238,880 38,200 211,932 174,353 37,579 20 176,917 110,630 66,287 262,666 124,480 138,187 193,898 156,961 36,938 21 302,543 260,830 41,714 224,681 174,695 49,985 213,874 181,365 32,509 22 463,635 276,601 187,033 210,761 178,382 32,380 204,922 165,764 39,158 23 416,297 333,387 82,910 302,189 250,318 51,871 128,820 108,900 19,919 24 507,670 383,886 123,784 174,875 132,048 42,827 279,256 233,630 45,627 25 246,569 161,135 85,434 209,501 166,899 42,602 246,123 209,341 36,782 26 181,122 107,478 73,644 265,338 202,982 62,357 222,781 200,440 22,341 27 261,110 185,304 75,806 177,832 157,045 20,787 225,942 201,810 24,132 28 261,343 170,790 90,553 194,639 156,493 38,146 232,846 210,067 22,779 29 307,614 287,639 19,975 242,741 194,217 48,524 263,980 234,774 29,206 30 244,926 145,929 98,997 272,008 210,605 61,403 192,282 175,577 16,706 31 195,621 112,636 82,985 176,932 138,566 38,367 8,679,053 6,600,383 2,078,670 7,370,596 5,741,449 1,629,147 6,580,581 5,339,495 1,241,086 page 27 of 30

Appendix B: Classifying Malware July Day Adware Backdoors Exploits Rootkits Trojans Worms Other 1 17,952 2,026 93 204 102,525 5,594 102,822 2 17,181 2,599 52 104 108,898 23,099 108,522 3 27,244 642 36 181 120,895 8,485 55,862 4 22,755 752 109 61 117,739 75,918 86,143 5 31,972 1,289 101 183 135,306 11,750 113,054 6 30,993 927 276 166 117,262 8,146 93,476 7 55,084 599 534 117 113,971 1,927 66,831 8 60,239 1,199 379 99 137,575 2,020 102,343 9 27,262 826 16 100 101,085 24,622 77,762 10 52,505 1,720 0 217 104,602 9,413 116,703 11 44,367 815 35 61 50,682 22,955 86,495 12 20,980 432 0 108 47,574 16,710 113,261 13 27,233 1,459 0 106 69,441 28,343 140,616 14 32,529 1,032 10 145 97,027 8,894 106,327 15 22,154 1,055 40 60 72,542 39,497 108,296 16 18,086 516 22 67 52,516 155,551 60,699 17 32,785 1,744 70 609 95,464 10,218 113,863 18 36,912 1,514 22 97 109,221 14,211 125,465 19 46,703 3,147 108 194 147,468 173,460 138,535 20 25,681 1,102 83 69 48,635 11,697 89,650 21 39,924 1,940 96 80 75,841 67,900 116,763 22 42,920 2,482 58 136 171,535 52,675 193,828 23 63,856 4,192 18 209 116,418 43,801 187,803 24 40,414 7,565 90 339 98,528 83,778 276,957 25 87,400 1,452 14 146 78,749 5,188 73,621 26 60,241 1,104 0 84 59,789 6,266 53,638 27 41,083 1,398 17 82 72,518 7,300 138,713 28 35,064 1,677 22 101 101,665 13,705 109,110 29 44,998 1,290 43 64 148,044 12,780 100,395 30 37,904 2,364 42 92 131,573 6,917 66,036 31 28,650 1,647 29 110 109,576 7,332 48,276 Total 1,173,067 52,504 2,414 4,389 3,114,664 960,150 3,371,865 page 28 of 30

August Day Adware Backdoors Exploits Rootkits Trojans Worms Other 1 45,975 1,198 28 528 61,413 7,518 67,366 2 48,864 1,594 221 829 85,685 3,495 50,652 3 52,959 1,805 32 462 89,862 4,779 73,005 4 70,396 1,070 100 134 85,507 4,298 46,442 5 72,563 911 46 78 75,193 12,331 135,102 6 63,302 1,458 86 268 91,303 3,567 63,489 7 38,127 1,948 29 306 139,282 18,190 54,117 8 31,024 1,727 14 48 112,454 15,343 89,926 9 65,015 1,543 39 110 120,968 19,498 67,344 10 31,343 2,101 42 3,295 206,727 5,945 50,374 11 44,145 1,873 134 77 105,665 5,369 60,541 12 32,649 1,097 44 44 107,587 45,658 103,201 13 15,747 1,793 36 96 101,258 52,050 121,324 14 51,593 1,344 38 105 86,549 6,572 47,211 15 25,195 673 10 72 86,079 3,948 47,344 16 14,363 824 20 87 84,279 4,430 161,500 17 24,048 830 101 46 84,732 12,997 130,659 18 26,943 5,182 72 52 126,601 4,176 137,497 19 22,397 1,469 97 41 118,446 18,017 116,613 20 33,432 1,411 101 16 135,810 12,620 79,277 21 30,951 1,115 218 83 121,465 3,304 67,545 22 16,203 9,714 15 23 103,040 20,621 61,143 23 17,308 56,015 29 40 98,319 31,292 99,186 24 28,640 5,634 78 78 61,562 9,605 69,277 25 40,260 2,448 65 39 65,647 15,815 85,228 26 48,481 2,063 158 31 133,976 6,698 73,931 27 13,897 707 4 27 33,807 13,251 116,140 28 56,610 1,007 19 37 103,077 2,762 31,127 29 54,851 2,694 44 48 135,494 6,646 42,965 30 34,684 2,783 140 86 162,557 7,127 64,631 31 45,716 1,251 130 47 96,086 2,927 30,776 Totals 1,197,682 117,281 2,192 7,232 3,220,429 380,849 2,444,932 page 29 of 30

September Day Adware Backdoors Exploits Rootkits Trojans Worms Other 1 37,360 1,193 210 32 87,361 10,089 102,881 2 28,676 1,616 61 38 128,354 4,355 73,501 3 13,992 1,679 22 22 113,436 3,643 32,321 4 12,686 609 31 12 91,774 1,992 25,210 5 39,112 2,918 133 185 112,710 7,181 82,220 6 28,702 1,899 29 103 122,300 7,373 60,081 7 32,520 1,742 21 43 135,354 29,026 109,078 8 27,852 1,284 15 28 72,773 3,157 65,889 9 53,450 1,603 53 70 62,376 5,128 74,206 10 41,373 704 15 15 59,258 3,543 70,657 11 52,968 1,182 83 9 32,959 1,159 27,073 12 59,828 2,260 36 26 85,509 3,147 36,643 13 33,243 2,870 15 39 121,338 117,198 80,156 14 41,667 2,412 0 42 69,687 2,711 54,300 15 26,271 7,611 8 4 58,674 5,655 112,610 16 29,215 6,627 37 75 92,864 5,718 90,485 17 35,397 5,233 11 98 108,871 6,381 133,589 18 38,942 11,163 26 44 110,427 33,374 126,621 19 28,345 11,674 30 43 73,227 15,120 83,493 20 22,621 6,347 41 38 72,639 10,986 81,227 21 26,963 3,397 21 30 60,793 36,512 86,157 22 37,139 2,186 199 41 60,695 14,654 90,007 23 27,985 3,818 206 21 40,910 10,216 45,664 24 39,427 8,753 280 69 87,151 24,286 119,290 25 27,867 6,516 37 40 95,000 23,080 93,584 26 17,363 13,312 186 21 76,587 20,498 94,813 27 25,171 9,836 194 40 64,141 13,119 113,441 28 15,821 7,426 178 14 55,448 15,995 137,963 29 30,052 5,796 322 39 78,468 15,856 133,447 30 14,975 5,933 0 29 49,747 11,998 109,600 Totals 946,984 139,599 2,503 1,307 2,480,829 463,150 2,546,208 page 30 of 30