Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Media-Oriented Overlay Network Architecture over Future Internet Research for Sustainable Testbed Sungwon Lee 1, Sang Woo Han 2, Jong Won Kim 2, and Seung Gwan Lee 1. 1 Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheonding, Giheunggu, Yonginsi, Gyeonggido, 446-701, Korea {drsungwon, leesg}@khu.ac.kr 2 Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST, Korea. Abstract. The Future Internet Research for Sustainable Testbed (FIRST is an experimental project in South Korea aimed at creating future internet platforms and investigating innovative ideas on developed platforms. The primary goal of the project is research and development for a media-oriented service overlay network architecture. From 2009 to 2014, dynamic media-oriented service composition technologies using virtualized network environments will be constructed, and results will be shared globally. In this paper, we explained the motivation for the FIRST project, and introduced the project itself. Keywords: SOA, Future Internet, Network Virtualization, GENI, OMF 1 Introduction The Future Internet Research for Sustainable Testbed (FIRST started in 2009 as a five-year project. Participating members are Chungnam National University (CNU, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST, Kyung Hee University (KHU, and Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH. The goal of the project is to identify key internet technologies and to investigate their feasibilities in an experimental system. Expected results of the FIRST project are new platforms (including software and hardware, experimental infrastructure and new internet services. Two platforms are being considered. One is the FIRST@ATCA platform which uses a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS system for its telecom grade platform, and the other is the FIRST@PC platform for use in academic and experimental developments. Based on these platforms, innovative and creative ideas for future network infrastructures and services will be designed and implemented using a service overlay network architecture.
2 Overlay Network Architecture The service overlay network architecture (SONA concept was proposed for efficient control and management of the FIRST platforms. SONA is currently under development with FIRST@PC platforms. The scope of SONA includes management and control of virtualized network elements such as networking service components, computing service components, slices, and experimental services. The design philosophy of SONA is media and media service oriented. Thus, SONA s key features are proposed to support dynamic media-oriented service composition with scalability, easy-programmability, and flexibility. SONA s core network elements and its interfaces are depicted in Fig. 1. Experimenter Tool Control Server Management Server Administrator Tool Experiment Control Interface Experiment Status Viewer Composer Resource Broker Measurement Collector Negotiation RA Manager (Inventory Slice Controller Measurement Collector Administrater Management Interface RA Status Viewer Experiment Control Slice create, modify, destroy, and management Programmable Computing and Networking (PCN Nodes Virtual Node Agent #1 Networking Programmable Networking Wired Networking Virtual Node Agent #2 Computing Wireless Networking Virtual Node Agent #n Computing Networking/Computing Component s Virtualization Hardware Substrate Node Management PCN Controller Slice contol & Management RA Manager (Inventory Slice Controller Measurement Collector Figure 1. Various components of the service overlay network architecture based on FIRST@PC 2.1 Experimenter Tool Experimenter Tool provides a consistent programming model of service composition for experimenters. By using the Experiment Control Interface, experimenters are able to define a process description which defines and describes the required resources and procedures and initiates an experiment service. Experimenters can monitor the status of the testbed through Experiment Status Viewer.
2.2 Control Server The Control Server is a real-time controller for media service composition processes. The Composer provides service synthesis, which maps a requested process description to the available network resources; service discovery to request services or appropriate replacements; service selection to determine the best matched service among the candidate services; and service execution, which executes a service based on desired requirements such as QoS and efficiency of resources. Resource Broker negotiates with Slice Controller of the management server to obtain available slice resources during a service synthesis period. 2.3 Management Server Management Server manages all of the resource aggregators (RAs in a testbed network via RA Manager. An RA is a logical view of the resources in the virtualized testbed network and is physically implemented by the Programmable Computing and Networking (PCN nodes. The RA Manager provides control and management services over the PCN nodes such as inventory management and realtime resource status monitoring of the RAs. Slice Controller allocates and controls the RAs for incoming service requests which are generally requested by the Control Server. 2.4 Administrator Tool The Administrator Tool provides the operation and management tools for administrators. Using this tool, operators can monitor and manage the virtualized testbed network. 2.5 PCN Nodes PCN Nodes provide networking and/or computing component services. The node virtualization framework and the programmable open interfaces are employed in addition to wireless and wire-line networking infrastructures. Through the node virtualization framework, multiple networking and/or computing service components can operate independently in the same PCN Node. Also, through the programmable open interfaces, experimenters and/or administrators can configure and control the networking devices for their experimental purposes. 2.6 PCN Controller The PCN Controller takes charge of each RA consisting of PCN Nodes. Based on coordination with the Management Server, the PCN Controller monitors the resources of the PCN Nodes and the slices.
3 Hierarchical Architecture of SONA SONA is a hierarchical architecture of the physical network layers and multiple logical network layers, as depicted in Fig.2. 3.1 Physical Network The Physical Network consists of several programmable routers that support valuable services and provide open application programming interfaces (APIs to control and manage the services. Thus, higher layers can configure and control physical networks for their own purposes. 3.2 Networking Candidates Networking Candidates are sets of networking service instances, which are defined as pre-configured functional relationships between programmable routers based on the capability of the programmable routers and their networking connection status. Each networking instance supports single or multiple network transport services such as a forwarding service, replication service, NAT/firewall traversal service, prioritized transmission service, encryption service, or a decryption service,. 3.3 Composite s Composite s are single or converged multiple multimedia services including media producer service, media consumer service, trans-coding service, video composition service, video tiling service and video resolution resizing service. Functional dependency graphs and/or workflows are used for composite and control services. For service composition control, multimedia services are characterized by service name, service code, pre-conditions, post-conditions, and execution time. 3.4 Media Applications and Users As previously explained, several media-oriented services can be designed and implemented over the FIRST@PC testbed using SONA. Experimenters can enter their own service description in the Experiment Tool. Based on the requested service description, the Control Server controls and manages the FIRST@PC testbed to enable the service compositions requested by the experimenters. In this way, users can easily experience their own media applications.
E1 Data Control mapping Media Applications & Users E2 E3 S C 2 S N 2 S C 3 S C 1 S N 1 Composite s S C 4 S N 3 S C 5 N 3 N 5 N 7 N 8 N 10 N 1 N2 Networking Candidates N 4 N6 N 9 P1 P3 E1 S Router A Physical Network Router B Router G P2 Router C Router F Router D Router E E2 Figure 2. The hierarchical layering in SONA. The physical network consists of programmable routers with open APIs. Logical layers such as network service candidates and composite services are mapped to the physical network. Based on composite services, users experience media application services. 4 SONA-based Media Composition Example Experimental services have been designed and developed based on the FIRST@PC testbed and SONA. Figure 3 shows a media composition service for heterogeneous devices with various processing capabilities, display resolutions and network bandwidths. The first device is mobile with relatively low processing power, low resolution, and limited wireless bandwidth. The second device is the Note-PC, and the third is the tiled multi-monitor display. Our goal was to simultaneously send both ondemand content and live-streaming content with all three devices. For this, SONA provided various network services via PCN Nodes to optimally deliver the contents. Based on the experimenter s request, the Control Server initiated control of SONA via PCN Controllers. The PCN Controller configured PCN Nodes to satisfy the requested service requirements.
Experimenters Administrator Control Server WADE WF, OMF Node Handler, NOX Controller Management Server GENI Slice Controller, OMF Grid PCN Controller GENI Slice Controller, OMF Grid PCN Controller GENI Slice Controller, OMF Grid On-demand Content Video Compositio n IP QoS Switch Multicast Transcoding Live Streaming Caching Transport Accelerator Transport Accelerator IP QoS Switch IP QoS Switch Video Tiling Resource Aggregate #1 (PCN Nodes Resource Aggregate #2 (PCN Nodes Figure 3. A media composition service example scenario using SONA. The On-demand content server and Live-streaming server send content over the FIRST@PC-based network for various devices such as mobile phones, Note-PCs and tiled multiple-monitor displays. 4.1 Media for Limited-capability Devices When supporting mobile devices and Note-PCs, the On-demand Content Server/ and Live-Streaming Server/ send multimedia content to the Video Composition Server/ independently. Both multimedia sources are mixed to reduce bandwidth and required processing power in mobile devices and Note-PCs. Quality of service at the wire-line network is guaranteed via IP QoS Switch s for networking services. The Multicast transmits multimedia content via a multicast feature for efficient use of network bandwidth. Finally, SONA enables the Trans-coding Server/ to optimize the required bandwidth and processing power for mobile devices. 4.2 Media for High-capability Devices With a tiled multi-monitor display, higher resolution is a key service requirement. For this, a Caching Server/ is supported for reliability and network efficiency.
High resolution content is divided into multiple pieces by a Live Streaming Server/ based on the requirements of multiple monitors at the destination. Transport Accelerator Servers/s are enabled to increase the transmission speed for divided streams. The Video Tiling Server/ at the destination network provides coordination and synchronization functionality for divided contents to be synchronized. 5 Conclusion The goal of the FIRST project is not to reinvent the wheel. As depicted in Fig. 2, SONA uses slice control from the Global Environment for Network Innovation (GENI and grid service from the Orbit Management Framework (OMF between the Management Server and PCN Node Controller [1]. The OMF node handler and OpenFlow s NOX controller are used in the Composition Server [2]. References 1. Global Environment for Network Innovation (GENI [Online]. Available: www.geni.net 2. OpenFlow [Online]. Available: www.openflowswitch.orghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Acknowledgement This paper is one of results from the project (2009-F-050-01, Development of the core technology and virtualized programmable platform for Future Internet that is sponsored by MKE and KCC. I d like to express my gratitude for the concerns to spare no support for the research and development of the project.