Spanish American War April 24 th, 1898-August 12th, 1898
Causes of the Spanish American Cuban Revolution War Cubans fighting for independence from Spain. Cubans used guerrilla warfare to disrupt the island economy US had major economic interests in Cuba Economic interests disrupted by fighting $30-50 million dollars in direct investments $100 million dollars in trade revolution was causing major interruptions in this business
Spain put many Cubans into detention centers. as many as 200,000 died of starvation and exposure
Yellow Journalism Sensationalizing stories to sell papers The American media sent reporters to Cuba to cover the war. they sent back sensation stories, and stories about atrocities the Spanish committed against the Cubans
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A letter from Spanish Minister De Lome in which he made negative comments about Pres. McKinley was stolen by Cuban agents and sent to American newspapers. Headline started to appear in American Newspapers such as: Is the U.S. preparing for War De Lome Letter
Other Causes 1. US dislike of Spanish Imperialism and presence in Western Hemisphere 2. McKinley political pressure if he wants to maintain control in next election 3. Cuba accuses US government and/or US individuals supplying weapons to rebels a. Individuals in the South were supplying weapons.
- Rioting in Havana prompts US consul Fitzhughs Lee to ask for a US Warship to protect US interests in Havana..
The US sends the Battleship USS Maine. Entered Havana Harbor Jan 25th, 1898 We ll never get out of here alive.
.. USS Maine
Feb 15 th, 1898 Maine Blows Up.
266 sailors died only 88 survivors.
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Pres. McKinley and Spain want to. avoid war
US Congress demands: a. Independence for Cuba b. Teller Amendment-April 20th, 1898 i. disclaim any US claims to Cuba c. demands Spain accept conditions by April 23rd d. Starts blockade of Cuba April 22nd
Spain Declares War on April 24th, 1898 US declares War April 25th-retroactive to April 21st
What Happened to the U.S.S.Maine 1898 investigation. -large mine
1911 investigation 1. smaller mine a. lucky spot b. set off magazine i. outer plate of ship blown in (Click above for larger image) AME/National Geographic The 1911 investigation used the above photo to bolster its case that a mine caused the Maine to sink. The upturned outer bottom plating seemed to be the tell-tale evidence. Admiral Rickover's study concluded, however, that the plating "was bent inward by the dynamic effects of the magazine explosion and the sinking of the ship." Ironically, the recent AME study returned to the same photo to reach its conclusion that a mine probably caused the initial explosion that eventually sank the ship.
1976 investigation 1. 1985-Navy discovered a design flaw in Maine class BB. Coal storage next to gunpowder and ammo magazine. Coal fire spontaneously combust. Fire on New York, and Cincinnati. 2. Study blamed a coal firetemps in coal storage as high as 645 degrees.
Who a. Spanish government didn t want war b. Some Spanish in Cuba wanted war, for reason of National honor c. Cubans to get US into war with Spain
1998 investigation by National Geographic s 1. Can t explain inward buckling of hull, but probably not enough damage to have been from a mine. 2. Cause still unclear
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Spanish American War Battle of Manila Bay Commodore Dewey leads US Pacific Fleet Attacks Spanish Navy in Manila Bay, Philippines-April 30, 1898
. Wiped out Spanish fleet-sinks 7 Spanish Ships -only 1 US sailor dies of heart attack-8 wounded
. USS Oregon Sailed from the east coast to the west coastshowing a need for a canal across Central America
. USS Nebraska
Cuba US army only has 28,000 troops, & 100,000 militiamen, has not fought a war in 33 years, and not against a European country since 1812. Very poorly equipped. Spanish army is better armed. Except for Gatling Gun. US navy vastly superior.
Spanish fleet slips into Santiago Harbor, Cuba June 22nd US troops land in Cuba ---- Rough Riders---with Teddy Roosevelt s volunteers.
Battle of San Juan Hill Captured San Juan Hill overlooking Santiago Harbor- forces fleet to leave harbor.
US fleet wipes out Spanish fleet when they try to get away.
Spanish Fleet Wiped Out Spanish Lost all ships -474 dead US -1 dead 3 wounded
July 16, 1898 Spanish surrender in Santiago
Puerto Rico captured a July 1898
Treaty of Paris Spain must leave Cuba-independent Puerto Rico, Philippine Islands, Guam to US US pay Spain 20 million for the Philippines.
Fight against Treaty Anti-Imperialists League -----Argue that keeping the Philippines is against the ideal of Democracy & Self-Government.
Filipino Rebellion again US Fighting between US troops and Filipino rebels last until 1902 4000 U.S. troops and tens of thousands of Filipino s killed
America & Asia The power that rules the Pacific rules the world
. 1855 US Commodore Mathew Perry-forced Japan to open to Western Trade
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Japan and the European powers- England, France, Germany, Russia, Portugal, Austria, and Italy expanded their spheres of influence over China
Spheres of influence foreign nations claim special rights & economic privileges
Open Door Policy US Sec of State John Hay develops the Open Door Policy-China should be open to equal access to all countries.