1 KINGS LESSON 1 The first and second book of Kings are sometimes thought of as one book. They originally were one book. It is not known who the penman was. It is well accepted that they are both from one pen. We see the rise and fall of Solomon in these books. We, also, see the building of the temple by Solomon. In 2 Kings, we will see the division of Israel and Judah. The highlight of 1 Kings is the prayer of Solomon at the dedication of the temple in chapter 8. We will, also, get acquainted with Elijah and Elisha. We will now begin in I Kings 1:1 "Now king David was old [and] stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat." This is just another way of saying that David was extremely sick with old age diseases. He was cold, because the circulation in his body was poor. The cover did not help him, because the heat of his body was not enough to warm him up. I Kings 1:2 "Wherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat." In this particular instance, the servants are, possibly, speaking of his physicians. The youth of this virgin would cause her to be vitally alive. When she lay under the covers with David, her body would put off heat. A person in the condition of David, here, would welcome death to this old worn out body. This vibrantly, alive, young girl, prescribed by David's physician was supposed to revitalize whatever life was left in David. I Kings 1:3 "So they sought for a fair damsel throughout all the coasts of Israel, and found Abishag a Shunammite, and brought her to the king." Abishag was from the tribe of Issachar. She was there to nurse David back to health. She had no choice in the matter. The king needed her, and she came. She slept with him to warm his body up. He never knew her in a personal relationship, however. The name, "Abishag" means father of error. I Kings 1:4 "And the damsel [was] very fair, and cherished the king, and ministered to him: but the king knew her not." She was there as his nurse. She did sleep with him, but had no sexual relations with him. I Kings 1:5 "Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, I will be king: and he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him." Adonijah was the fourth son of David and the oldest living son. He was in line to be king, he thought. With the Hebrews, the king was whoever God chose to be king. God had not spoken of him being king, however. He elevated himself to that position. David is not even dead, and he wants to be king, now. He got support from some of the people, and was doing the 1
very same things that Absalom had done. The runners, and the chariots, and horses were to make him appear to be the next king. I Kings 1:6 "And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also [was a] very goodly [man]; and [his mother] bare him after Absalom." We can understand why he wanted to be like Absalom, since he was the younger brother of Absalom. David, either had not heard of what he had done, or was too sick to pay much attention to it. He had not told him not to do this. Adonijah was not an evil man. "Adonijah" means my Lord is Jehovah. Amnon was his older brother, too. I Kings 1:7 "And he conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah, and with Abiathar the priest: and they following Adonijah helped [him]." They automatically assumed that he would be the next king, because he was the oldest living son of David. Joab has decided, if he is to be accepted by the new king, he must help establish him now. Joab had been faithful to David in the past, but had not always done things exactly as David had commanded, if he thought it would help his position to do otherwise. Abiathar had been loyal to David, as well. It is difficult to understand why he would follow Adonijah, against the wishes of David. At this point David had not made it clear that this was against his wishes, however. Abiathar could have been jealous of the relationship Zadok had with David. I Kings 1:8 "But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men which [belonged] to David, were not with Adonijah." Nathan had been there, and actually named Solomon Jedidiah. He knew Solomon was to be the king after David. Usually there was just one high priest, but at the time this is speaking of both Zadok and Abiathar were priests. The mighty men had been with David through most of his trials. They were loyal and stayed with David against Adonijah. Benaiah was a Levite, and his father had been high priest. He was David's bodyguard, however. It is believed that Shimei and Rei were brothers of David. I Kings 1:9 "And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of Zoheleth, which [is] by En-rogel, and called all his brethren the king's sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants:" This was very similar to what Absalom had done. This was for sacrificing and the sacrificial feast that went along with it. This is a way of getting his men to vow their loyalty to him. It appears, the other sons of David are invited to the feast, except Solomon. I Kings 1:10 "But Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother, he called not." The main reason he did not call them, is because he was aware of their loyalty to David. He was aware that Solomon would be his rival for the kingdom. He had, probably, heard about Nathan giving Solomon a special name. 2
He, probably, had heard talk, also, that David would name Solomon king. Perhaps, that is what the rush is all about here. I Kings 1:11 "Wherefore Nathan spake unto Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon, saying, Hast thou not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith doth reign, and David our lord knoweth [it] not?" Nathan knew the great love that David had for Bath-sheba. He knew, if anyone could influence David, it would be Bath-sheba. She was the mother of Solomon, so it would be to her advantage for Solomon to be king. Probably, she had not heard about Adonijah trying to seize the kingdom. David would let Bath-sheba approach him and tell him this, when he, possibly, would not allow Nathan, or anyone else, to tell him. I Kings 1:12 "Now therefore come, let me, I pray thee, give thee counsel, that thou mayest save thine own life, and the life of thy son Solomon." Since Solomon had not been invited to the feast of Adonijah, it is obvious he is counted a rival. If Adonijah were to become king, he would kill Solomon and Bath-sheba. This was done many times, to keep the brother from seizing control. I Kings 1:13 "Go and get thee in unto king David, and say unto him, Didst not thou, my lord, O king, swear unto thine handmaid, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne? why then doth Adonijah reign?" This oath that David had made to Bath-sheba, had obviously been well known by Nathan. It had, possibly, been known by Adonijah, too. Nathan knows that David will keep his oath, if he can remember it. David was so feeble, it seemed it had not come to his attention what was going on. I Kings 1:14 "Behold, while thou yet talkest there with the king, I also will come in after thee, and confirm thy words." Nathan had been afraid to go in unto the king, without Bath-sheba. The plan is, that he will confirm the things that Bath-sheba tells David. I Kings 1:15 "And Bath-sheba went in unto the king into the chamber: and the king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite ministered unto the king." I Kings 1:16 "And Bath-sheba bowed, and did obeisance unto the king. And the king said, What wouldest thou?" David was so feeble, that he could not leave his chambers. Abishag was nurse to him, because of his terrible weakness. He, possibly, was too weak to dress himself, or do any of the ordinary things a person must do. The bowing, here, was just a sign of great respect for David. She loved and respected him as her husband, but she, also, respected his authority. I Kings 1:17 "And she said unto him, My lord, thou swarest by the LORD thy God unto thine handmaid, [saying], Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne." I Kings 1:18 "And now, behold, Adonijah reigneth; and now, my lord the king, thou knowest [it] not:" I 3
Kings 1:19 "And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy servant hath he not called." We see, in this, Bath-sheba makes David aware of exactly what his oath had been to her, and also, the fact that Adonijah is trying to take the kingdom, even before the death of David. I Kings 1:20 "And thou, my lord, O king, the eyes of all Israel [are] upon thee, that thou shouldest tell them who shall sit on the throne of my lord the king after him." In a sense, Bath-sheba is reminding David of the power within his hands to stop this struggle for power, before there is bloodshed among his sons. She says, the entire nation is looking to you, to name a king. She feels if David would announce who the king is to be, the entire nation would be loyal to him. She reminds David, that the Hebrew throne does not necessarily go to the oldest son, but to the one God has chosen through David. I Kings 1:21 "Otherwise it shall come to pass, when my lord the king shall sleep with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders." Bath-sheba knew of David's love for her. He would not let her and her son be destroyed. Bath-sheba's plea to David touches on that point. She feels that Adonijah would have her and David killed, if he becomes king. It is in the power of David to change this. I Kings 1:22 "And, lo, while she yet talked with the king, Nathan the prophet also came in." Probably, Nathan had been in the hall waiting. He, now, comes in to confirm what Bath-sheba has said. I Kings 1:23 "And they told the king, saying, Behold Nathan the prophet. And when he was come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground." Nathan is a man of God. He had spoken boldly to David, when he had sinned before the LORD. David was aware that the words that came from Nathan were not Nathan's words, but the words of the LORD, so he was not angry with Nathan. Nathan is showing respect for David as king by bowing. I Kings 1:24 "And Nathan said, My lord, O king, hast thou said, Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne?" I Kings 1:25 "For he is gone down this day, and hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the king's sons, and the captains of the host, and Abiathar the priest; and, behold, they eat and drink before him, and say, God save king Adonijah." I Kings 1:26 "But me, [even] me thy servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and thy servant Solomon, hath he not called." Nathan has given him an accurate explanation of what has happened. Nathan knows that David has the power to change this. 4
Adonijah has neglected to include these people, because he knows their loyalty is not with him. I Kings 1:27 "Is this thing done by my lord the king, and thou hast not shewed [it] unto thy servant, who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?" Nathan is absolutely assured that David would have told him, if Adonijah had been his choice for king in his stead. He says, have you chosen Adonijah and not told me? We will see David's answer to this in the next lesson. 5
1 Kings 1 Questions 1. Who was the penman of Kings? 2. What are some of the things contained in Kings? 3. Describe the condition of David in verse 1? 4. What suggestion did his servants make to improve his condition? 5. Who are the servants of verse 2? 6. Who was the young virgin girl they found? 7. Did David know her as a wife? 8. What does "Abishag" mean? 9. Which son of David took advantage of David's feeble condition, and exalted himself, saying he would be king? 10. How many men did he prepare to run before his chariot? 11. What made Adonijah think he should be the next king? 12. What is wrong with this? 13. What would the chariots, and the runners before him, make him appear to be? 14. Who were Adonijah's brothers? 15. Why had David not stopped Adonijah before now? 16. Who were two of David's men, who followed Adonijah? 17. Why had Joab followed him? 18. Who were some, who had not followed him? 19. What name had Nathan given to Solomon? 20. Who was David's bodyguard? 21. What did Adonijah do, when he met with his followers? 22. Who were not invited to the feast? 23. Who did Nathan get to go and talk to David about, what was going on? 24. What did Nathan tell her to say to David? 25. How did Bath-sheba show her respect for David? 26. In verse 20, how does she explain to him the importance of his decision? 27. When did Nathan come in and speak to David? 28. What did Nathan tell David? 29. What question did Nathan ask David in verse 27? 6
1 KINGS LESSON 2 We will begin this lesson in I Kings 1:28 "Then king David answered and said, Call me Bath-sheba. And she came into the king's presence, and stood before the king." It appears, from this, that Bath-sheba had spoken to David, and then left the room. Now, that Nathan has verified the fact that Adonijah is trying to make himself king, David requests Bath-sheba to come back into the room. We know, from the last lesson, that Adonijah was trying to become king, even before the death of his very weak father's death. We know, also, that Joab and all of Adonijah's brothers, except Solomon, are in favor of Adonijah being the next king. I Kings 1:29 "And the king sware, and said, [As] the LORD liveth, that hath redeemed my soul out of all distress," I Kings 1:30 "Even as I sware unto thee by the LORD God of Israel, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne in my stead; even so will I certainly do this day." David is speaking this to Bath-sheba in the presence of Nathan. There will be no doubting this proclamation with Nathan as a witness. Notice, even near death, David is careful to give the LORD credit for his life and his power. David is saying, that he will keep the oath he had made to Bathsheba. He will make Solomon king now. I Kings 1:31 "Then Bath-sheba bowed with [her] face to the earth, and did reverence to the king, and said, Let my lord king David live for ever." Again, Bath-sheba shows her reverence for her husband and king. She truly means, "Let my lord king David live forever". I Kings 1:32 "And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the king." David may have been weak, but he was still thinking clearly, and knew exactly what must be done. Notice, that Zadok the priest was mentioned first. A Hebrew king must, first, be recognized by the man that God had put in power as the priest. The spiritual was always first. Remember that Benaiah was David's bodyguard. I Kings 1:33 "The king also said unto them, Take with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride upon mine own mule, and bring him down to Gihon:" We know that the she mule that David rode, was a mule proclaiming him as king. To allow Solomon to ride this special mule, would mean that David was announcing that Solomon would take his place as king. Gihon was believed to be just to the west of Jerusalem. 7
I Kings 1:34 "And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel: and blow ye with the trumpet, and say, God save king Solomon." This seemed to be a place where most of the inhabitants in that area could hear the trumpet. Zadok and Nathan would represent not only the wishes of David in this, but the wishes of the LORD. As soon as they have anointed him king, they will shout, along with the servants of David's household, "God save king Solomon". I Kings 1:35 "Then ye shall come up after him, that he may come and sit upon my throne; for he shall be king in my stead: and I have appointed him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah." Solomon will enter Jerusalem as the new king. He will already be anointed by Zadok and Nathan. David, also, is still in power, and he had declared Solomon as his successor. He will rule over all twelve tribes, not just Judah. I Kings 1:36 "And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, Amen: the LORD God of my lord the king say so [too]." "Amen" means so be it. Jehoiada, is saying, "It will be as the king has proclaimed". We must remember that, Jehoiada was a spiritual man, as well. He knew, and said this pleased the LORD, as well. I Kings 1:37 "As the LORD hath been with my lord the king, even so be he with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord king David." This is an expression of his loyalty to Solomon. He had loved and respected David, and now, he is willing to serve Solomon as king. It is a way of showing his continued loyalty to David. He speaks a blessing upon Solomon. I Kings 1:38 "So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon." The Cherethites and the Pelethites were spoken of earlier as the servants that went with them. They are, probably, a number of people who had attended David in and around the palace. It is interesting that all of this was not Solomon's idea. He was God's choice for king, not Solomon's choice. He had not taken it upon himself to proclaim himself king. David's priest and prophet had proclaimed Solomon king. I Kings 1:39 "And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon." The anointing oil coming from the tabernacle shows that this is, indeed, the choice of the LORD for king. The people, mentioned here, are, possibly, the Cherethites and the Pelethites who went with them. 8
I Kings 1:40 "And all the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the sound of them." I Kings 1:41 "And Adonijah and all the guests that [were] with him heard [it] as they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, Wherefore [is this] noise of the city being in an uproar?" It appears that, all of this happened in a very short period of time. Adonijah and his followers had not even finished their feast, when they heard the trumpet blowing, and the people proclaiming Solomon king. It seems that after the trumpet was blown, and the pronouncement made that Solomon was king, many people followed along behind the procession into Jerusalem. Joab, who had been the leader of David's army, heard this noise and wondered what was happening. I Kings 1:42 "And while he yet spake, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came: and Adonijah said unto him, Come in; for thou [art] a valiant man, and bringest good tidings." I Kings 1:43 " And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king." Abiathar the priest had followed Adonijah. It was his son, who came and brought the news to them. Adonijah was pleased to see him, because he thought he was bringing them good news. This was quite a shock to Adonijah to hear that David, himself, had declared Solomon king. I Kings 1:44 "And the king hath sent with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and they have caused him to ride upon the king's mule:" I Kings 1:45 "And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon: and they are come up from thence rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This [is] the noise that ye have heard." The fact that the priest, Zadok and the prophet, Nathan had anointed him with oil from the tabernacle, and put him on David's mule to ride into Jerusalem, shows the LORD's approval of Solomon as king. The noise they heard was the city of Jerusalem rejoicing over their new king. I Kings 1:46 "And also Solomon sitteth on the throne of the kingdom." David had already set Solomon upon his throne. "Sitteth" means continues to sit. I Kings 1:47 "And moreover the king's servants came to bless our lord king David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and make his throne greater than thy throne. And the king bowed himself upon the bed." It appears, the people are pleased with the selection David made of Solomon as king. As they come to recognize Solomon as king, they are speaking a blessing that Solomon's reign will be even greater than that of David. David was confined to his bed, but bowed in the bed, to recognize Solomon as king. 9
I Kings 1:48 "And also thus said the king, Blessed [be] the LORD God of Israel, which hath given [one] to sit on my throne this day, mine eyes even seeing [it]." David, again, recognizes this decision to be of the LORD. His blessings are for the LORD for choosing Solomon to succeed him on the throne. He was so pleased that the LORD let him live to see his son, Solomon, become king in his stead. I Kings 1:49 "And all the guests that [were] with Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and went every man his way." There was a mass exodus from Adonijah that day. These people no longer wanted to be associated with Adonijah. They feared for their lives. If they were supporting Adonijah and Solomon decided to kill him, he might kill them, also. I Kings 1:50 "And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar." Adonijah was the half-brother of Solomon. They had the same father, David, but different mothers. It would have been customary for the new king to kill Adonijah. He went to the tabernacle, and took hold of the horns of the altar, begging for mercy. Adonijah had placed himself under the protection of the LORD by this action. I Kings 1:51 "And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me today that he will not slay his servant with the sword." Someone came and told Solomon of Adonijah's desire for forgiveness. He wanted Solomon's word, that he would not kill him for desiring to be king. He knew if Solomon swore to him that he would not kill him, he would be safe. He greatly feared that Solomon would kill him. It would have, generally, meant death to Adonijah for what he had done. He had appealed to the LORD for help, however. I Kings 1:52 "And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, he shall die." I Kings 1:53 "So king Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. And he came and bowed himself to king Solomon: and Solomon said unto him, Go to thine house." This was a generous offer, to forgive Adonijah. Solomon would not kill him, as long as he lived right. If he fell back into revolt against the king, or started trouble in the kingdom, Solomon would have him killed. It appears, he did accept Solomon's rules and bowed to him, showing he accepted him as king. 10
1 Kings 2 Questions 1. Who did David make his promise to? 2. Who were the witnesses? 3. What were the words of David's promise? 4. Who did David proclaim as king to follow him? 5. How did Bath-sheba react to this promise David made to her? 6. Which three men did David send for, to carry out his wishes? 7. A Hebrew king must, first, be recognized by the man that had put in power to be priest. 8. Who were these three to take with them? 9. Why did David tell them to set Solomon upon his mule? 10. Who were to anoint Solomon king? 11. After they had anointed him king, what 2 things were they to do? 12. What does "Amen" mean? 13. What is the statement, in verse 37, an expression of? 14. Who went with Zadok, Nathan, and Benaiah? 15. Who actually poured the anointing oil on Solomon? 16. After the trumpet blew, what did the people say? 17. What caused the great noise coming into Jerusalem? 18. Who heard this noise, and wondered what it was? 19. Who came and told them what the noise was? 20. What news did he bring? 21. What things showed the LORD's approval of Solomon as king? 22. In verse 46, what had already happened? 23. What blessings were spoken on Solomon by the people? 24. How does David show that Solomon is now king? 25. When the people with Adonijah heard this news, what did they do? 26. What did Adonijah do? 27. What relation was Adonijah to Solomon? 28. What did Adonijah desire of Solomon? 29. What promise did Solomon make to Adonijah? 30. What were the conditions of this promise? 31. What did Adonijah do, that showed he accepted Solomon as king? 11
1 KINGS LESSON 3 We will begin this lesson in I Kings 2:1 "Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying," This did not immediately follow the anointing of Solomon as king in chapter 1. We read in 1 Chronicles chapter 23 and 24, David recovered enough from the illness, that he gathered the princes of the tribes of Israel together to charge them with what they were to do. We will give just two Scriptures from that to show this. I Chronicles 23:1 "So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel." I Chronicles 23:2 "And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites." It would be good to read it all, to see the impact of that. I Kings 2:2 "I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;" It appears, from this, that Solomon had been dependent upon David for many of the decisions he made in his early reign as king. David is, now, explaining to Solomon, that he must be brave, and stand as a man would stand. He must, now, accept the decision making that goes with being king as part of his duty as king. The weight of the government will, now, be on Solomon's shoulders. Going the way of the earth is speaking of dying. I Kings 2:3 "And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:" I Kings 2:4 "That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel." David looks back over his time as king, and realizes the importance of being totally obedient on the will of God. He explains to Solomon the blessings that go with him being obedient to that will of God. Prosperity in his reign is his own choice. He must keep the law of Moses, not only in formality, but from his heart being stayed upon pleasing the LORD. David tells Solomon that even more blessings than had been bestowed upon him will be Solomon's, if he will remain faithful to the LORD. The word "continue" means establish in this particular instance. The blessings of the LORD are conditional, however. Solomon and his children must walk in the truth of the LORD for a blessing to be upon them. I Kings 2:5 "Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, [and] what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that [was] about his loins, and in his shoes that [were] on his feet." Joab had done David an injustice, when he killed Absalom, after David had said not to. This, however, was during a war, and David did not kill him 12
for this. The death of the other two captains of David's however, happened in a time of peace. They were treacherously done. In the case of Abner, he had pretended friendship to get him there, and then murdered him. It was not a fair fight, because Abner was not aware there was a problem. He had no opportunity to defend himself. This type of murder requires the death of the person, who is the murderer. This, by itself, would have been enough, but he actually killed a relative unmercifully, when he murdered Amasa. The reference to the blood on the his girdle and sandals, was when he killed Amasa, the blood got on his girdle and even ran into the shoes of Joab. He had not killed them in war. They were at peace. Both of these things were worthy of death by Hebrew law. I Kings 2:6 "Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace." Joab was the leader of the army. It might cause trouble with the army, if he killed Joab. Solomon must carefully carry out David's wishes here. David does want Joab to pay with his life. He must not get old {hoar head}, and die from natural causes. He must be killed for these sins. I Kings 2:7 "But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother." Barzillai had befriended David when he was running from Absalom. David wants Solomon to befriend his sons, now, by furnishing them the things for their livelihood. They were not living in the house of Solomon, but got provisions from the treasury of Solomon. I Kings 2:8 "And, behold, [thou hast] with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword." I Kings 2:9 "Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou [art] a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood." This is speaking of the Shimei, who cried out curses on David, as he fled from Absalom. Some of David's men wanted to kill him then. David would not, for fear that this might have been a message from the LORD. When he was on his way back to Jerusalem, this same man begged David not to put him to death with his sword. David made him this promise. Now, David is explaining to Solomon, that he must not let him live to be an old man, and die of natural causes. He must be punished for that long ago transgression. I Kings 2:10 "So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David." I Kings 2:11 "And the days that David reigned over Israel [were] forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem." Verse 10 is speaking of David's death and his burial with honor with those who had gone on before him. He reigned as king, 40 years. This is explained, that 7 years of that time, he reigned over just Judah. The other 33 years, he was king of all Israel. 13
I Kings 2:12 "Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly." It seems, that the actual reign of Solomon began at the death of David. He had been announced king, before, but had let his father make the more weighty decisions, until his death. It seems, now, that Solomon has taken over the responsibilities of king, and has become strong. It helped for the kingdom to be established by David. Solomon built up the foundation that was already there. I Kings 2:13 "And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably." Adonijah, probably, came to Bath-sheba, knowing that she had great influence on Solomon. He was, possibly, afraid to go directly to Solomon. She remembered that he had tried to become king, and now, asks him, if he has come in peace. He answers her, peaceably. I Kings 2:14 "He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on." I Kings 2:15 "And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and [that] all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother's: for it was his from the LORD." Another possibility of why he came to Bath-sheba, could have been that he knew she and Nathan went to David to tell him of Adonijah's take-over attempt. He still has not given up to the fact that Solomon is king. He says, it should have been his, and that all the people supported him as king. It is as if he is angry with the LORD for choosing Solomon over him. I Kings 2:16 "And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on." I Kings 2:17 "And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife." Adonijah is fully aware that to have the king's wife to wife would be a way of saying he was king. He comes to Bath-sheba with this request, because she might plead his case with Solomon. He, perhaps, feels she might not see that he is indirectly asking to be proclaimed the rightful king. I Kings 2:18 "And Bath-sheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king." I Kings 2:19 "Bath-sheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king's mother; and she sat on his right hand." Solomon showed great respect for his mother, when she came to speak on behalf of Adonijah. To sit at the right hand of the king was a place of honor. 14
I Kings 2:20 "Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; [I pray thee], say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay." Solomon wanted to grant the wishes of his mother. He loved her, and even owed his being king to her, as well. If the petition is within his will to grant, he would certainly do it. I Kings 2:21 "And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife." Bath-sheba is not aware of the implications of this. She reminds Solomon that Adonijah is his brother. She, probably, thinks that Adonijah is just in love with Abishag. She certainly is not aware, that this is a trick to take the kingdom from Solomon. I Kings 2:22 "And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he [is] mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah." Solomon tells his mother, here, that she is actually asking for him to turn the kingdom over to Adonijah, and his friends, Joab and Abiathar. She has asked something that was against the will of Solomon, against the will of David, if he were living, and most of all, against the will of the LORD. I Kings 2:23 "Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life." Solomon had sworn to let Adonijah live, as long as he did no evil. This is an evil act of deception by Adonijah. This is outside the oath that Solomon had made. Adonijah has broken the oath, himself, with such a request. I Kings 2:24 "Now therefore, [as] the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day." I Kings 2:25 "And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died." Adonijah had brought this upon himself. He knew what he was doing. Solomon was not tricked by Adonijah. Solomon sent his bodyguard, Benaiah, and he killed Adonijah for this terrible sin. Solomon knew his mother was innocent of wrong doing. Adonijah had tricked her. 15
1 Kings 3 Questions 1. When David realized that the time for him to die was near, what did he do? 2. Where do we find Scriptures, that let us know David lived a little while after Solomon was anointed king? 3. What is meant by "going the way of all the earth"? 4. David told Solomon to be strong, and shew himself a. 5. When David dies, the weight of the government will be on shoulders. 6. In verses 3 and 4, what does David tell him to do? 7. Why is David so sure this is the thing to do? 8. How must he keep the law of Moses? 9. "Continue", in verse 4, means what? 10. What terrible things had Joab done? 11. Why was this murder? 12. What does David want done to Joab? 13. Why will Solomon have to be careful how he goes about it? 14. What is meant by "hoar head"? 15. Who did David ask Solomon to show kindness to? 16. Why? 17. Who had sorely cursed David? 18. What does David want Solomon to do to him? 19. Where was David buried? 20. How long had David reigned? 21. Who did Adonijah come to, for help in speaking for him to Solomon? 22. Why was she chosen for this? 23. What did Adonijah say belonged to him? 24. Who did he blame for it not coming to him? 25. What was his request? 26. How did Solomon act on seeing his mother? 27. What is Adonijah really asking for? 28. What did she ask for Adonijah? 29. What does she remind Solomon of, as she asks? 30. What does Solomon tell Bath-sheba, she is really asking for? 31. What was the condition of the oath Solomon had made to Adonijah? 32. What did Solomon do to Adonijah for this sin? 33. Who actually caries out the punishment? 16
1 KINGS LESSON 3 We will begin this lesson in I Kings 2:1 "Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying," This did not immediately follow the anointing of Solomon as king in chapter 1. We read in 1 Chronicles chapter 23 and 24, David recovered enough from the illness, that he gathered the princes of the tribes of Israel together to charge them with what they were to do. We will give just two Scriptures from that to show this. I Chronicles 23:1 "So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel." I Chronicles 23:2 "And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites." It would be good to read it all, to see the impact of that. I Kings 2:2 "I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;" It appears, from this, that Solomon had been dependent upon David for many of the decisions he made in his early reign as king. David is, now, explaining to Solomon, that he must be brave, and stand as a man would stand. He must, now, accept the decision making that goes with being king as part of his duty as king. The weight of the government will, now, be on Solomon's shoulders. Going the way of the earth is speaking of dying. I Kings 2:3 "And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:" I Kings 2:4 "That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel." David looks back over his time as king, and realizes the importance of being totally obedient on the will of God. He explains to Solomon the blessings that go with him being obedient to that will of God. Prosperity in his reign is his own choice. He must keep the law of Moses, not only in formality, but from his heart being stayed upon pleasing the LORD. David tells Solomon that even more blessings than had been bestowed upon him will be Solomon's, if he will remain faithful to the LORD. The word "continue" means establish in this particular instance. The blessings of the LORD are conditional, however. Solomon and his children must walk in the truth of the LORD for a blessing to be upon them. I Kings 2:5 "Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, [and] what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that [was] about his loins, and in his shoes that [were] on his feet." Joab had done David an injustice, when he killed Absalom, after David had said not to. This, however, was during a war, and David did not kill him 17
for this. The death of the other two captains of David's however, happened in a time of peace. They were treacherously done. In the case of Abner, he had pretended friendship to get him there, and then murdered him. It was not a fair fight, because Abner was not aware there was a problem. He had no opportunity to defend himself. This type of murder requires the death of the person, who is the murderer. This, by itself, would have been enough, but he actually killed a relative unmercifully, when he murdered Amasa. The reference to the blood on the his girdle and sandals, was when he killed Amasa, the blood got on his girdle and even ran into the shoes of Joab. He had not killed them in war. They were at peace. Both of these things were worthy of death by Hebrew law. I Kings 2:6 "Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace." Joab was the leader of the army. It might cause trouble with the army, if he killed Joab. Solomon must carefully carry out David's wishes here. David does want Joab to pay with his life. He must not get old {hoar head}, and die from natural causes. He must be killed for these sins. I Kings 2:7 "But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother." Barzillai had befriended David when he was running from Absalom. David wants Solomon to befriend his sons, now, by furnishing them the things for their livelihood. They were not living in the house of Solomon, but got provisions from the treasury of Solomon. I Kings 2:8 "And, behold, [thou hast] with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword." I Kings 2:9 "Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou [art] a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood." This is speaking of the Shimei, who cried out curses on David, as he fled from Absalom. Some of David's men wanted to kill him then. David would not, for fear that this might have been a message from the LORD. When he was on his way back to Jerusalem, this same man begged David not to put him to death with his sword. David made him this promise. Now, David is explaining to Solomon, that he must not let him live to be an old man, and die of natural causes. He must be punished for that long ago transgression. I Kings 2:10 "So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David." I Kings 2:11 "And the days that David reigned over Israel [were] forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem." Verse 10 is speaking of David's death and his burial with honor with those who had gone on before him. He reigned as king, 40 years. This is explained, that 7 years of that time, he reigned over just Judah. The other 33 years, he was king of all Israel. 18
I Kings 2:12 "Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly." It seems, that the actual reign of Solomon began at the death of David. He had been announced king, before, but had let his father make the more weighty decisions, until his death. It seems, now, that Solomon has taken over the responsibilities of king, and has become strong. It helped for the kingdom to be established by David. Solomon built up the foundation that was already there. I Kings 2:13 "And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably." Adonijah, probably, came to Bath-sheba, knowing that she had great influence on Solomon. He was, possibly, afraid to go directly to Solomon. She remembered that he had tried to become king, and now, asks him, if he has come in peace. He answers her, peaceably. I Kings 2:14 "He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on." I Kings 2:15 "And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and [that] all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother's: for it was his from the LORD." Another possibility of why he came to Bath-sheba, could have been that he knew she and Nathan went to David to tell him of Adonijah's take-over attempt. He still has not given up to the fact that Solomon is king. He says, it should have been his, and that all the people supported him as king. It is as if he is angry with the LORD for choosing Solomon over him. I Kings 2:16 "And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on." I Kings 2:17 "And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife." Adonijah is fully aware that to have the king's wife to wife would be a way of saying he was king. He comes to Bath-sheba with this request, because she might plead his case with Solomon. He, perhaps, feels she might not see that he is indirectly asking to be proclaimed the rightful king. I Kings 2:18 "And Bath-sheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king." I Kings 2:19 "Bath-sheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king's mother; and she sat on his right hand." Solomon showed great respect for his mother, when she came to speak on behalf of Adonijah. To sit at the right hand of the king was a place of honor. 19
I Kings 2:20 "Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; [I pray thee], say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay." Solomon wanted to grant the wishes of his mother. He loved her, and even owed his being king to her, as well. If the petition is within his will to grant, he would certainly do it. I Kings 2:21 "And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife." Bath-sheba is not aware of the implications of this. She reminds Solomon that Adonijah is his brother. She, probably, thinks that Adonijah is just in love with Abishag. She certainly is not aware, that this is a trick to take the kingdom from Solomon. I Kings 2:22 "And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he [is] mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah." Solomon tells his mother, here, that she is actually asking for him to turn the kingdom over to Adonijah, and his friends, Joab and Abiathar. She has asked something that was against the will of Solomon, against the will of David, if he were living, and most of all, against the will of the LORD. I Kings 2:23 "Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life." Solomon had sworn to let Adonijah live, as long as he did no evil. This is an evil act of deception by Adonijah. This is outside the oath that Solomon had made. Adonijah has broken the oath, himself, with such a request. I Kings 2:24 "Now therefore, [as] the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day." I Kings 2:25 "And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died." Adonijah had brought this upon himself. He knew what he was doing. Solomon was not tricked by Adonijah. Solomon sent his bodyguard, Benaiah, and he killed Adonijah for this terrible sin. Solomon knew his mother was innocent of wrong doing. Adonijah had tricked her. 20
1 Kings 3 Questions 1. When David realized that the time for him to die was near, what did he do? 2. Where do we find Scriptures, that let us know David lived a little while after Solomon was anointed king? 3. What is meant by "going the way of all the earth"? 4. David told Solomon to be strong, and shew himself a. 5. When David dies, the weight of the government will be on shoulders. 6. In verses 3 and 4, what does David tell him to do? 7. Why is David so sure this is the thing to do? 8. How must he keep the law of Moses? 9. "Continue", in verse 4, means what? 10. What terrible things had Joab done? 11. Why was this murder? 12. What does David want done to Joab? 13. Why will Solomon have to be careful how he goes about it? 14. What is meant by "hoar head"? 15. Who did David ask Solomon to show kindness to? 16. Why? 17. Who had sorely cursed David? 18. What does David want Solomon to do to him? 19. Where was David buried? 20. How long had David reigned? 21. Who did Adonijah come to, for help in speaking for him to Solomon? 22. Why was she chosen for this? 23. What did Adonijah say belonged to him? 24. Who did he blame for it not coming to him? 25. What was his request? 26. How did Solomon act on seeing his mother? 27. What is Adonijah really asking for? 28. What did she ask for Adonijah? 29. What does she remind Solomon of, as she asks? 30. What does Solomon tell Bath-sheba, she is really asking for? 31. What was the condition of the oath Solomon had made to Adonijah? 32. What did Solomon do to Adonijah for this sin? 33. Who actually caries out the punishment? 21