2003, 26 (1) : 1 5 Journal of N anjing A gricultural U niversity 3,,,,, (, 210095) :, 10 9, 10 (225 kg hm - 2 ) (33715 kg hm - 2 ) (150 kg hm - 2 ) (150 kg hm - 2 ) (30 kg hm - 2 ), 9 3, ; 9 (11215 kg hm - 2 ) (30 kg hm - 2 ), (LAI) ; 9 : ; ; ; ; ; : S512101 : A : 1000 2030 (2003) 01 0001 05 Effects of fertil izer levels on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and contents of protein and yield in grain in specialty wheat SHEN Jian2hui, J IAN G Dong, DAI Ting2bo, J IN G Qi, TIAN Yong2chao, CAO Wei2xing 3 ( Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agric U niv, Nanjing 210095, China) Abstract : Field experiment was conducted to study effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application levels on yield and quality of grains, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, and nitrogen accumulation and distribution in plant in two specialty wheat varieties : mid2gluten and weak2gluten 1 Grain yields and protein contents of were high under the treatments of moderate (225 kg hm - 2 ) or high nitrogen (33715 kg hm - 2 ) with high phos2 phorus (150 kg hm - 2 ) and potassium (150 kg hm - 2 ), and under the treatment of moderate nitrogen with high phosphorus and low potassium (30 kg hm - 2 ). Yields of with the above treatments were also high, but grain protein contents were low with the treatments of moderate or high nitrogen with high phosphorus and potassium. were lowest in the treatments of low nitrogen (30 kg hm - 2 ) and high potassium. Grain protein contents and yields of Grain yield remarkably related to photosynthetic parameters of flag leaf and LAI at anthesis. Leaf nitrogen content at anthesis and the difference of nitrogen content between anthesis and maturity of showed conic relation to grain protein content1 Key words : mid2gluten wheat ; weak2gluten wheat ; fertilizer application quantity ; photosynthetic characteristics ; grain yield ; grain quality [1,2 ] [3, ], : 2002 08 31 : (30170544) ; (2000030707) ; (B K2001063, B K2002205) : (1963 ), 3 Corresponding author : (1958 ),, Tel : 025 4396575 ' 1994-2007 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
2 26 [4,5 ], [6,7 ],,,, 1 111 2000 2001 1 Table 1 Description of each treatment in the experiment 10 9, 1 4 : 40 % 20 % 30 % 10 % ; 70 % 30 % ; 50 %, 3, 15 m 2 210 10 4 hm - 2, 20 cm 112 / kg hm - 2 Fertilizer applied N P K 1 N H P H K H 33715 150 150 2 N L P H K H 11215 150 150 3 N M P H K H 225 150 150 4 N M P L K L 225 150 30 5 N M P H K L 225 150 30 6 N M P L K H 225 30 150 Note : N = nitrogen ; P = phosphorus ; K = potassium ; H = high ; M = middle ; L = low1the some as follows1 CID CI 301PS, 800 900 mol m - 2 s - 1 CID CI 510CF, 5 min (LAI) ICT AccuPAR 80, 517 GB/ T15685 1995 2 211,, 9 10 ( 1) ( 2), ( 2), ( 3 5) ( 6 4), ( 9 10 3 2 Table 2 Effects of different treatments on yield and yield components of wheat 9 / 10 4 hm - 2 Spike number Grains per spike / g 1 0002kernel wt. / kg hm - 2 1 N H P H K H 33010 a 45195 a 38121 a 4 704 a 2 N L P H K H 30919 ab 44165 a 38121 a 3 914 b 3 N M P H K H 32514 ab 44155 a 38103 a 4 425 a 4 N M P L K L 31119 ab 45142 a 39102 a 4 216 a 5 N M P H K L 30816 ab 45118 a 38162 a 4 415 a 6 N M P L K H 28012 b 46138 a 37171 b 3 692 b Yield 10 1 N H P H K H 32317 a 39105 a 39125 b 4 436 a 2 N L P H K H 29913 abc 37123 a 40108 ab 3 777 b 3 N M P H K H 30517 ab 38137 a 41121 a 4 056 ab 4 N M P L K L 30018 abc 39157 a 40177 ab 3 962 ab 5 N M P H K L 31014 ab 37120 a 40129 ab 4 179 a 6 N M P L K H 28113 bc 37180 a 41148 a 3 786 b : 0. 05 The different letters refer to signifcance at 0105 level. The same as follows1
1 : 3 6 1919 % 711 %) ( 9 10 5 4 417 % 515 %) 225 kg hm - 2,,, 3 5,, ; 4 6,, 6, 4, 212 9 4 ( 3), 1316 %, ( < 1115 %, GB/ T17892 1999) 1 3 1212 %, 2 6 11109 % 11133 %,, 2 6 10 1, 9 3 Table 3 Effects of different treatments on contents of protein and starch in grains, and parameters of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in flag leaf of wheat / % / % CO 2 Protein content Starch content P n / mol m - 2 s - 1 C i / mol - 1 1 N H P H K H 12129 ab 62192 ab 2113 a 38613 ab 01686 a 2 N L P H K H 11109 b 65110 a 1814 b 39311 ab 01652 ab 3 N M P H K H 12121 ab 62145 b 2115 a 38214 b 01698 a 4 N M P L K L 13162 a 60188 b 1915 ab 39019 ab 01654 ab 5 N M P H K L 12179 ab 64101 ab 2013 ab 38214 b 01669 ab 6 N M P L K H 11133 b 64173 a 1811 b 40013 a 01623 b 1 N H P H K H 13147 a 64149 b 2219 a 37815 b 01710 a 2 N L P H K H 11176 b 63112 bc 1913 b 39419 ab 01616 c Fv/ Fm 10 3 N M P H K H 12149 ab 64114 c 2117 ab 37914 b 01665 b 4 N M P L K L 13144 a 60161 c 1913 b 39518 ab 01610 c 5 N M P H K L 12193 ab 62143 bc 2210 a 38116 b 01712 a 6 N M P L K H 11148 b 67109 a 1812 bc 40015 a 01605 c 213 LAI ( P n ) ( Fv/ Fm) CO 2 (C i ) (C i, CO 2 ) P n Fv/ Fm 6, 2 4 ; C i 6, 2 4 ( 3),, 2, 4 6 9 10 LAI ( 1), Fig11 Effects of different treatments on LAI of LAI, 9 10 1 LAI wheat flag leaf 214 4, 9 10 2 4, 6 ;,,
4 26 4 Table 4 Effects of different treatments on nitrogen content in vegetative organs of wheat at anthesis and maturity stages Leaf blade Anthesis Sheath and internode Leaf blade Maturity Sheath and internode 1 N H P H K H 3156 a 1104 a 0187 a 0124 a 2 N L P H K H 2175 bc 0173 bc 0176 a 0115 a 9 3 N M P H K H 3128 ab 0194 a 0178 a 0118 a 4 N M P L K L 2183 abc 0172 bc 0169 a 0117 a 5 N M P H K L 3140 a 0183 ab 0179 a 0120 a 6 N M P L K H 3109 ab 0181 ab 0172 a 0120 a 1 N H P H K H 3135 a 0190 a 0192 a 0139 a 2 N L P H K H 2181 abc 0159 bc 0174 a 0116 a 10 3 N M P H K H 3125 a 0199 a 0172 a 0120 a 4 N M P L K L 2182 abc 0176 abc 0170 a 0126 a 5 N M P H K L 3114 ab 0197 a 0192 a 0128 a 6 N M P L K H 2176 bc 0181 ab 0188 a 0123 a 215 2, P n Fv/ Fm LAI, C i, LAI 2 LAI Fig12 Correlation analysis between yield and photosynthetic parameters of flag leaf, and LAI in wheat at anthesis stage ( 3), 9 ( ),, 9,, 10,
1 : 5 3 Fig13 Correlation analysis between grain protein content and nitrogen content at anthesis, 3 and nitrogen redistribution between anthesis and maturity stages [8 ], [5 7 ],, 225 33715 kg hm - 2 150 kg hm - 2 ( 1, 3 5), 10 9,, ; ( 2) ( 6), 9, LAI, LAI 9,,, : [ 1 ],. [J ]., 2001, 21 (2) : 14 19. [ 2 ],,,. [J ]., 1999, 14 (5) : 1 5. [ 3 ]. [J ]., 2001 (1) : 10 12. [ 4 ],,,. [J ]., 2001, 35 (1) : 13 15. [5 ],,,.. [J ]., 2001 (2) : 13 17. [ 6 ],,. [J ]., 2001, 35 (4) : 400 402. [ 7 ],,,. [J ]., 2000 (5) : 16 18. [ 8 ],. [J ]., 2000 (6) : 57 58. :