Sustainable Mosque 1 AlMuftah Name: Abdulrahman Ahmad Al-Muftah New school ID: N00547300 Subject: Sustainable Systems.R.Fa15 Professor: Jenifer Wightman Topic: Sustainable Mosque
2 AlMuftah Executive Summary Mosque or Masjid is a place that Muslims perform their five times a day prayer. My aim for this project is to help solve the solution that the Arab world is facing - waste of water in mosques. The product that I have produced can be used in various other locations such as any other religious building or a farmhouse etc. The idea is that the mosque is all reusable materials. It's made on top of a manmade hill, made from construction rocks that have been discarded. The hill is layered which follows an ancient technique that helps water slide through the system without the use of pumps. The Mosque is a normal men's mosque and next to is it an unusual design of toilets. They are made in metal cargo boxes that have been remade and isolated. The water that plants the trees comes from the toilet or The Grey Water System. That helps reuse the water until it is unsanitary for humans yet beneficial for plants. On top of the two buildings are solar panels/ They are designed as part of the mosque so they look very fancy. The Mosque has open air sources and is very inviting. Mosques usually invite large communities thus the mosque that I have created is large enough for family to hang out in and men to meet up and talk. Abdulla Bin Yousef welcomes all people to see a Mosque in a sustainable way.
3 AlMuftah Table of Contents SUSTAINABEL MOSQUE 4 INTRODUCTION 4 HISTORY 5 PLAN 6 APPENDIX 9 WORK CITED 19
4 AlMuftah Sustainable Mosque in Qatar The problem that we are facing all around the world is the fact that we are using up so much water, and we are not careful that one day we might run out of fresh water. The daily water usage per capita in Qatar is 500 liters. Most of that water is gone to waste. Thus, we should find a solution. A solution that wouldn t only befit Qatar, but many Muslim nations. We consume much water when we do the wudu as we are washing our entire body. Wudu happens around five times a day, so you can imagine how much water is being used. A perfect solution would be to put all that water usage to use. I am creating a water system that would put all that water to use and runs on solar power. It is going to be very suitable and will be produced very easily. Mosques tend to use much water in an everyday life, and the purpose is to help find a solution to keep less of that problem, and the way to do that is by putting all that water to use. In most Middle Eastern regions, there are mosques everywhere, and they tend to use much water so you can imagine how much water is used every time a person does wudu. Also, mosques tend to evolve through time they become fancy and bigger and brighter which tarnishes the purpose. A Mosque should be calming, relaxing a place that people tend to go to connect with their sprites and pray. In Islam, we are never taught to ruin a place and to take care of our neighbor and where is a better place to start than a mosque. What is a mosque? Mosque is the structure in which Muslims worship Allah. During Islamic history, the mosque was the center of the public and towns formed around that particular mosque that they would pray five times a day. Nowadays, mainly in Muslim countries mosques are found on nearly every street corner, making it a simple matter for Muslims to attend the five daily prayers. Mosques have developed dramatically in the past decades. It became larger and more technological they became less suitable than they used to. The beginning of the creating of the mosques began which a simple structure that was followed. That was then a template for all the mosques that exist now. The first mosque is the one in Mecca, meaning the area that surrounded the Ka'ba. However, the model of early mosques was the courtyard of Muhammed's house in Madina, which was constructed in 622 AD. The mosque was organized with a qibla, first facing in the direction of Jerusalem. To the left of this qibla, houses for Muhammed's wives were erected. There were three entrances to the courtyard. An area of the courtyard was roofed, and here prayer was performed. After 1,5 years, the qibla was changed so that it faced Mecca. A The Kaaba, meaning cube in Arabic, is a square building, gracefully draped in a silk and cotton veil. Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. In Islam, Muslims pray five times a day and after 624 C.E., these prayers were directed towards Mecca and the Kaaba rather than Jerusalem; this direction (or qibla in
5 AlMuftah Arabic), is marked in all mosques and enables the faithful to know what direction they should pray. B There are many different mosques, and there are many different designs to that mosque that makes them much more different from one another. The first place of worship for Muslims was the house of the Prophet Muhammad, inspired the first type of mosque - the hypostyle mosque. This style spread widely throughout Islamic lands. The hypostyle plan s characteristic forest of columns was used in different mosques to great effect C. One of the most famous examples is the Great Mosque of Cordoba D, which uses bi-color, two-tier arches that emphasize the almost dizzying optical effect of the hypostyle hall.the 11th century shows the emergence of the new form: the four-iwan mosque. An iwan E is an arched space that opens on one side to a courtyard. The iwan developed in pre-islamic Iran where it was used in enormous and royal architecture. Strongly associated with Persian architecture F, the iwan continued to be used in monumental architecture in the Islamic era. In the 11th century Iran, hypostyle mosques started to be converted into four-iwan mosques, which, as the name indicates, incorporate four iwans in their architectural plan. The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299. However, it did not become a major force until the 15th century, when Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, the capital of the late Roman Empire since the 4th century. Renamed Istanbul, the city, straddles the European and Asian continents, and having been a Christian capital for over a thousand years, had a wholly different cultural and architectural heritage than Iran. Hagia Sophia strongly influenced the Ottoman architects in Istanbul G, the greatest of all Byzantine churches and one that features a monumental central dome high over its large nave. I looked at a blog that titles 10 things every green mosque should have The blog talked about important facts that could make the mosque more sustainable. So I followed the blog as a checklist for what I have in my mosque. 1 No Eco-Mosque should be without a colorful flower patch, fruit trees and a vegetable plot. Any unused space outdoors can be fenced and converted into a garden, and indoors-small pots, hanging baskets or large containers can be used to grow herbs and spices I already decided to make a beautiful garden that will gather people around it and make everyone in the community bond. 3 and four renewable energy My local mosque in Huddersfield has invested in several awesome solar panels and over in Turkey, solar panels almost entirely power a village mosque in Büyükeceli. ( 10 things every mosque should have ) Ten greener architecture Although seemingly a design intended to beautify, domes have always had an environmentally friendly function. As the dome is heated by the sun, it draws air from inside the mosques and releases it, acting as a natural cooling system. The blog made me look at parts that I did not really on which made me kind of change my plans. As Qatar is, a developing country that is growing very fast and people are more and more aware of it, and we have to preserve still our culture. I looked at a blog (http://dohanews.co/a-look-at-qatars-most-beautiful-mosques-photos/)
6 AlMuftah that contains most of the famous mosques in Doha. They are very beautiful, and they are wonderfully made. Thus, I wanted to keep that aspect. I want to create a beautiful architecture sculpture that would be timeless and admired by different people. I decided to look at different sustainable mosques and found many, but the most one that grabbed my attention was the new mosque in Dubai. Onat Öktem, Ziya İmren, Zeynep Öktem and Uri Tzarnotzky won the Best Freestanding Religious Structure Award H with a contemporary and environmentally conscious Green Mosque proposal. Since the Ottoman tradition the mosques incorporate many different functions besides being only a place for prayer. The project team thus decided to design not only a mosque but a religious complex for various social activities and mutual aid. They built a mosque that contains a library, education, and lecture halls, accompanied with a soup kitchen ( Green Mosque ). Looking at the design, I see that they are focusing on a structure that they want to focus on socializing as a community, with social and cultural activities. The mosque is situated in a humid climate it is right to benefit from the rainwater and solar properties of the area for a more sustainable usage. Solar thermal cells disposed on the units composing the dome of the mosque, serve as an additional medium for water heating. ( Green Mosque ) Green roofs of the library, soup kitchen and lecture rooms contribute to the insulation of the building, and to the improved air quality, helping to lower urban air temperatures and combat the heat island effect. I looked at the Inca engineering, and they are different farming technique. One of the most interesting ways is that they create steps on hills to help with water flowing.i Its very energy sufficient and doesn t need to be pumped out of the ground. I got inspired by my solution by the Quran. In the Quran, we have verses that talk about how water is such an essential part of persons live. It also talks about the fruits and vegetables that are good for you and mentions the ones that are holy in a way. So my solution to the problem is an environmental friendly mosque. The mosque will be mostly located in Qatar and functions on Qatar s weather. The design will be from the Cargo metal containers. I got inspired to buy the different ways people have designed these boxes into homes JI thought why not recycle some of them and create a mosque out of them. To explain the design, I will look at the designed that I have played out.k There will be two buildings, one mosque, and one toilet. The toilet will be built in the container stores while the mosque will be outdoors but created from reusable metals. There will be fans that run on solar panels to help with the heat. The mosque is just like a normal mosque; the dome will be made of metal and white because it attracts cool weather. There will be a florescent light for the night. Moreover, on the pillar there will be speakers for the call to prayer. The
7 AlMuftah solar panels will use all these energy. The toilets will be painted white, and I will make it insulated so that it does not get too hot in the summer. It will also have an AC that will be running on the solar panel. For the solar panels, I will place them on top of the toilets to create a replica of a pillar and some of them on top of the dome to create shade for the inside of the mosque. The design will be very simple and sophisticated. I though of creating a garden, but not any garden a garden that contain all the fruits that are mentioned in the Quran. QFIS L is a beautifully designed building that has many hosts many Islamic events. They once talked about the fruits and vegetables that are mentioned in the Quran and talked amount how they grow and what they need so I have a basic idea about these elements. Keep in mind that each plant needs different access of water, how are we going to manage that? After looking at the gray water system, I realized that that would not be possible as they suggest that the water must touch the actual food thus I changed to palm trees, larger and the fruits are much up higher. I am goanna use the Inca design M to help me with the water system. The final design is the appendix that shows a much clearer idea of what I want. How big will this mosque be? You said it will be designed using metal containers, have you thought about how many containers it will take to create a sustainable mosque? I am going to use 2 or 3 boxes that will be the size of the toilet, and the mosque( prayer room) will be the size of three boxes. This will be the mosque only I am still not sure of the size of the actual full location. Is this going to be accessible for everyone? Do you think you would get support from your country relatives to start this project? It will hopefully be acceptable to all men. The reason is that the mosques have a place for women and a place for men and since it is a small mosque I would be able to create the other part that could contain the women. For the final product, I am going to create a small replica of the mosque and how it would look. It would not include the things like the water system flowage, but it will have all the stuff that would make it look like the original idea I intended to create. I am going to use recycled items that I will go and search around in the city. It will hopefully look like the real mosque that I am visualizing. After working hard, I finally have produced my outcome. I create a 3D model of the mosque. The model contains a realistic proposition of the whole idea so you can see it. It's the closest thing to creating the real mosque. In my design I have added small people that are reacting with the design and how it would be used. The people are using the facility, and they are walking, sitting and socializing with the help of the structure. I believe that even a small area like this would affect the community as they have a place to meet and hang out in.
8 AlMuftah I have placed palm trees and lights and very small detail that reflect on the product that I have made. I also tried to create the same atmosphere in Qatar as it can differ from one place to another. Another feature of the 3d product is that you can zoom in so you can see the very small details in which the design was made. These aspects create a good promoting material as its very realistic and companies that want to invest can play a greater role in that process. Overall the whole idea was successful, as I have created a product that would sell. Its presentable and is very easy to understand. Thus, I think that one day I'm going to present this project and hopefully get it built. I also created a PR L that was on cardboard. The PR had a lot of information about what the mission is and sent the message of Sustainability.
9 AlMuftah Appendix Appendix A A picture of Mecca from a skyline Appendix B A picture showing the inside of Mecca and the direction that people are praying in Appendix C
10 AlMuftah The layout of the prophets house and mosque Appendix D Great Mosque of Cordoba design
11 AlMuftah Appendix E A layout of how an Iwan looks like
12 AlMuftah Appendix F A Persian mosque that contains the Iwan design
13 AlMuftah Appendix G Hagia Sophia in Istanbul Appendix H.Onat Öktem, Ziya İmren, Zeynep Öktem and Uri Tzarnotzky won the Best Freestanding Religious Structure Award
14 AlMuftah Appendix I Inca ruins farming techniques Appendix J
15 AlMuftah http://curbed.com/archives/2011/07/28/corrugated-steel-shipping-containersdo-double-duty-as-housing.php http://www.trueactivist.com/a-shipping-container-costs-about-2000-what-these- 15-people-did-with-that-is-beyond-epic/
Sustainable Mosque Appendix K Layout that I drew of how the mosque will look like 16 AlMuftah
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18 AlMuftah Appendix L QFIS in Qatar Appendix M Farming techniques that resemble the Inca techniques
Sustainable Mosque Appendix N The 3D model that I have created. 19 AlMuftah
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Sustainable Mosque 21 AlMuftah
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Sustainable Mosque Appendix L This is the PR that I handed out when I presented my project. 23 AlMuftah
Sustainable Mosque 24 AlMuftah Abdullah First mosque to run on sustainable energy Abdullah Bin Yousef (/#c m ) is the first mosque in Qatar that will be environmental friendly. The Mosque is set on a high hill that distributes water to the palm trees without the use of pumps and using grey water system. The mosque runs on the grey water system that uses the water to water the palm trees. the mosque itself is an open space that allows you to breath while you enjoy your prayers. The solar panels help start the lights before Maghrib prayer until morning prayer.
25 AlMuftah Work Cited Stacy, Aisha. "What Is a Mosque?" - The Religion of Islam. September 21, 2009. Accessed November 6, 2015. "The Mosque in Islamic Religion." - All About Turkey. Accessed November 6, 2015. "Khan Academy." Khan Academy. Accessed November 6, 2015. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guideislamic/a/the-kaabahttps://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/artislam/beginners-guide-islamic/a/the-kaaba. "10 Things Every Green Mosque Should Have." 10 Things Every Green Mosque Should Have. Accessed November 6, 2015. http://www.theecomuslim.com/2013/08/10-things-every-green-mosque-shouldhave.html. "A Look at Qatar's Most Beautiful Mosques (photos) - Doha News." Doha News. July 23, 2015. Accessed November 6, 2015. http://dohanews.co/a-look-atqatars-most-beautiful-mosques-photos/. "Green Mosque." REFIK BURAK ATATUR. Accessed November 6, 2015. http://refikburakatatur.com/2010/10/green-mosque/. 01.01.10, Posted. "A Marvel of Inca Engineering." PBS. 2010. Accessed November 6, 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/wright-inca-engineering.html. "Common Grey Water Errors and Preferred Practices." Common Greywater Mistakes and Preferred Practices. Accessed November 6, 2015. http://oasisdesign.net/greywater/misinfo/. "Gray Water Use in New York." ECO Brooklyn. Accessed November 7, 2015. http://ecobrooklyn.com/gray-water-york/. "The Earliest and Greatest Engineers Were the Incas." Smithsonian. Accessed November 7, 2015. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/magazine/earliest-andgreatest-engineers-were-incans-180947976/?no-ist. "Foods in Quran And Hadith." Islam Science and Knowledge. May 12, 2013. Accessed November 7, 2015. https://islamicmisconceptions.wordpress.com/2013/05/12/foods-in-quran-andhadith/.