FRANKENSTEIN ALLUSIONS Lucas English 4
Directions The novel, Frankenstein, contains allusions to famous pieces of literature and stories. For each allusion you need to show how each reference connects with the novel in at least 4 to 6 sentences on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Coleridge The poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, chronicles the story of a mariner who has returned from a long sea voyage. During his voyage, the mariner shot and killed an albatross (large seabird) that was glorified by the ship s crew; they thought the albatross brought them good luck. After the mariner kills the albatross, the ship sails into uncharted waters. The crew forces the mariner to wear the albatross around his neck to bear the burden for killing the bird. The crew then encounters a ghostly ship where Death and Life-in-death are playing dice for the men s lives. Death wins the crewmembers lives, while Life-in-death wins the mariner s life. The mariner is forced to witness his crew members die one by one. He is also cursed to roam the Earth and tell his story as compensation for killing the albatross; he must teach a lesson to those he meets. Page 7: I am going to unexplored regions, to the land of mist and snow, but I shall kill no albatross; therefore do not be alarmed for my safety or if I should come back to you as worn and woeful as the Ancient Mariner. Page 45: Like one who, on a lonely road Doth close behind him tread.
2. Divine Comedy (Inferno) by Dante Alighieri Dante s Inferno relates the story of Dante s journey through the nine circles of Hell. Throughout his journey, he is guided by the Roman poet, Virgil. They encounter sinners suffering terrible punishments and reaping what they sow. For instance, those who participated in wars and bloodshed are doomed to spend eternity drowning in a boiling hot river of blood. Page 44: it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived.
3. One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) a collection of folk tales During the fourth voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, he becomes shipwrecked on an unknown land. While he resides there, he befriends the king, and the king gives him a beautiful wife. However, Sinbad is unaware of the customs of the new land he now inhabits: if one s spouse dies, their partner must be entombed alive with their deceased spouse. Sinbad s wife becomes sick and dies; therefore, he is buried alive with her. Luckily, Sinbad is able to escape from the tomb. Page 38: I was like the Arabian who had been buried with the dead and found a passage to life, aided only by one glimmering and seemingly ineffectual light.
4. "Tintern Abbey by William Wordsworth Wordworth s Tintern Alley is a poem that describes the beauty in nature. Wordsworth is trying to recapture a feeling about a part of the countryside that he had visited five years before by re-constructing the memory and tracing it over what he sees on this visit. Page 144: "The sounding cataract Haunted him like a passion: the tall rock, The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood, Their colours and their forms, were then to him An appetite; a feeling, and a love, That had no need of a remoter charm, By thought supplied, or any interest Unborrow'd from the eye."
5. Old Familiar Faces by Charles Lamb Old Familiar Faces is a poem by Chalres Lamb that laments the loss of all friends. How some they have died, and some they have left me, And some are taken from me; all are departed-- All, all are gone, the old familiar faces. Page 30: I loved my brothers, Elizabeth, and Clerval; these were old familiar faces,
6. Mutability by Percy Shelley The poem Mutability, by Percy Shelly, describes how a thought, whether good or bad, can immediately take hold and shape anyone s feelings. A first-person poetic persona who complains that whether we are asleep or awake, a bad dream or a wandering thought interferes with our happiness. Whatever we think, however we feel, It is the same, meaning that all will pass away and people will change. Thus, the one thing that endures is Mutability. Page 84: We rest; a dream has power to poison sleep; We rise; one wandering thought pollutes the day; We feel, conceive or reason, laugh or weep, Embrace fond woe, or cast our cares away; It is the same: for, be it joy or sorrow, The path of its departure still is free; Man's yesterday may ne'er be like his morrow; Nought may endure but Mutability.
7. Prometheus (Greek mythology) Prometheus was a Titan who created men from clay. He also stole fire from the sun to give to man. His actions angered Zeus, the king of the gods, who in turn condemned Prometheus for his actions. He was bound to a rock for eternity while an eagle constantly pecked at his liver. Page 40: Who shall conceive the horrors of my secret toil as I dabbed among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay? Consider that the subtitle of the book is The Modern Prometheus.
8. Paradise Lost by John Milton Paradise Lost is an epic poem that relates the story of the fall of man. In the poem, God creates the Earth, along with Adam, the first man. Adam longs for a companion, so God creates Eve. Adam and Eve reside in paradise, the Garden of Eden, where they may eat of any plant in the garden, except the Tree of Knowledge. Satan, a fallen angel and the king of hell, learns of the new race of man and becomes jealous; he could have loved this new race, but instead, he is condemned to forever be the embodiment of hell. Thus, he takes revenge on the new race by causing their fall. Satan tempts Eve to eat from the Tree of Knowledge, and Adam eats from the tree shortly after. Adam and Eve have now gained knowledge of the evils of the world and have also caused the fall of man. They are then forced to leave the garden forever. Page 87: Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed. Page 117: But Paradise Lost excited different and far deeper emotions. Like Adam, I was apparently united by no link to any other being in existence; but his state was far different from mine in every other respect. Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition. Page 119: But it was all a dream; no Eve soothed my sorrows nor shared my thoughts; I was alone. Consider the fact that both Walton and Victor pursue knowledge.