La mobilité européenne Un élément moteur pour la formation maritime Patricia De Smet Administrateur principal Unit Higher Education; «Erasmus» European Commission CRPM réunion du groupe de travail Aquamarina
The increasing role of LEARNING MOBILITY Policy context Higher education Green paper consultation (2009) Youth on the Move initiative Make it happen with Erasmus Benefits of mobility Students openness to mobility Success factors Obstacles good practices What next?
Modernising Universities Bologna Process: European Higher Education Area by 2010 (EUR 46) Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs: Knowledge Society by 2010 (EU 27 + 6) Bologna Process 2.0 Agenda for 2020 (defined in Leuven) EU 2020 and E&T2020
Policy priorities in Higher Education. modernisation agenda for universities new skills for new jobs learning mobility of young people.. to support the Lisbon Strategy and the Bologna process
The modernisation agenda for universities Curricular reform: the three cycle system, competence based learning, flexible learning paths, recognition. Governance reform: autonomy, strategic partnerships, cooperation with enterprises, quality assurance. Funding reform: diversified income, full cost funding, promoting equity, access and efficiency, role of tuition fees, grants and loans.
New skills for new jobs What jobs will be available in about 10 years? Is the training provided now useful to find a job tomorrow? Are skills needs and jobs changing all over the EU? How well are graduates doing in the labour market? => Content job knowledge + transversal skills
The increasing role of learning mobility What do we mean and why is it important? «Transnational mobility for the purpose of acquiring new skills» Strengthens employability and personal development Can prepare for mobility in working life Makes E&T systems more open, more European and more international Enhances Europe's competitiveness Helps combat xenophobia and fostering European citizenship. 7
Learning mobility of young people Bologna objective : 20% graduates by 2020 Commission Green Paper, public consultation till 15 December 2009: What are the main obstacles related to making learning mobility a reality for young people in all learning contexts? Responses will feed into President Barroso s new initiative «Youth on the move» : by 2020 all young Europeans should have the opportunity to do part of their education and training in another Member State. E&T 2020
Education & Training 2020 EU 2020 Updated strategic framework for European co-operation in education and training ET2020 Lifelong learning + mobility Quality and efficiency Equity + social cohesion Creativity+ innovation
Erasmus a European Success Story (1) 200.000 Erasmus student mobility 1987/88-2007/08 180.000 180.000 160.000 159.324 140.000 Number of students 120.000 100.000 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 3.244 0 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/8 Numbers 3.244 9.914 19.456 27.906 36.314 51.694 62.362 73.407 84.642 79.874 85.999 97.601 107.652 111.082 115.429 123.957 135.586 144.032 154.421 159.324 180.000 162 000 mobilities for studies 20 000 mobilities for placements In total 182 000 Erasmus students in 2007/2008 10
Participation in Erasmus: Student mobility : 1987/88: 3 000 students 2007/08: 182 000 students in total 2 million students Staff mobility 2007/08: 27 000 teaching assignments 7 000 staff training By 2012: in total 3 million students!
Impact of Erasmus Environment of trust and cooperation Lasting impact on the individuals involved Major impact at institutional level Erasmus triggered the Bologna Process modernisation of the HE sector (policy/system level) 12
Impact on students Personality Personality Personality Personality Openness Openness Openness Openness Self Self Self Selfconfidence confidence confidence confidence Problem Problem Problem Problemsolving solving solving solving ability ability ability ability Maturity Maturity Maturity Maturity Getting Getting Getting Getting along along along along Teamwork Teamwork Teamwork Teamwork Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Awareness Awareness Awareness Awareness
Impact on students Very positive subjective ratings of the professional outcomes of mobility (employers > graduates) More work task relevance than status relevance ERASMUS as door-opener Work and research in an international context Student mobility seems to create an new European Mobility Identity Differences by country and field of study
Impact of Erasmus 2008 Study (3) Impact at institutional level: International offices & support services Quality of teaching & learning Modernisation & internationalisation of curricula More transparency Research participation University-business cooperation Professionalisation of management 15
Impact of Erasmus 2008 Study (1) Impact at policy/system level: Internationalisation of higher education Driving force behind Bologna Process Continued impact (classification & ranking) 16
Students view on mobility Eurobarometer 2009 : Planning to study abroad? Interest in a placement period abroad as part of the study programme? Great oppenness of students Reality? huge potential to increase mobility
Planning to study abroad
Potential for placements
Mobility in practice : Erasmus : a quality framework Erasmus University Charter Erasmus student charter Bilateral agreements between higher education institutions ( trust,..) Learning/training agreement Quality of the mobility (preparation, monitor the mobility, post mobility) Recognition 20
LLP- Erasmus actions Mobility component (decentralised actions) Students ( new new : placements at all 3 cycles) Staff from HEI ( new: : all staff, training) Staff from entreprise (new( ) Intensive programmes ( previously :centralised action) Cooperation component (centralised actions) Curriculum development Modernisation (new) HE-enterprise cooperation (new) Virtual campuses (new) Networks (new:( structural network) - transversal actions : preparatory visits, accompanying measures
Mobility in practice : success factors Internationalisation & mobility: part of HEI strategy & management, reward of non academic activities Commitment of top management, teachers & international staff Promotion ( Erasmus ambassadors,..) Quality of the mobility (preparation, monitor the mobilty, post mobility) Evaluation Recognition 22
Erasmus the way ahead (1) Four major «mobstacles»: Lack of funding Lack of language skills Lack of recognition Lack of information & motivation 23
Obstacles to mobility
Professors do not encourage mobility
Good Practice/Improvements Transparency and necessary information before the ERASMUS period (guidance, counselling) => selection of host HEI for specialisation Systematisation of recognition procedures (departmental instead of individual recognition) Sufficient language preparation (terminology) ECTS: use of European grading scale Contacts with local students Good practice: European Chemistry Exchange Network (ECEN): 52 HEI in 19 countries; central application and internete platform; Memorandum of understand (ECTS, recognition); regular meetings of representatives
Good Practice/Improvements Role of the regions? - Supportive environment - Cooperation with the main actors - Supporting the multipliers/motivators - Funding mobility - a global approach - European, National,Regional,Local and other private sources - Networking
Erasmus the way ahead Promotion of the programme Leaving one s «comfort zone» 53% intend/intended to study abroad «Selling benefits»: HEI main information source Mobilising the motivators: Teachers in general Mobile teachers and staff Erasmus student alumni Annual success stories good practice Bridging East and West Promoting student placements & staff training 28
Thank you for your attention 29