Impact of Avian Influenza UK and Global
Recent history of AI outbreaks The scale of the problem Impact on birds, PEOPLE, commercial Two examples Nafferton, Preston
Thanks Nigel Gibbens Dan Pearson Brian Kenyon Dave Staveley
Primary HPAI outbreaks in poultry since 1959 A/chicken/Scotland/59 (H5N1) A/turkey/England/63 (H7N3) A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (H5N9) A/chicken/Victoria/76 (H7N7) A/chicken/Germany/79 (H7N7) A/turkey/England/199/79 (H7N7) A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) A/turkey/Ireland/1378/83 (H5N8) A/chicken/Victoria/85 (H7N7) A/turkey/England/50-92/91 (H5N1) [10 in 32 years] A/chicken/Victoria/1/92 (H7N3) A/chicken/Queensland/667-6/94 (H7N3) A/chicken/Mexico/8623-607/94 (H5N2) A/chicken/Pakistan/447/94 (H7N3) A/chicken/NSW/97 (H7N4) A/chicken/Hong Kong/97 (H5N1) A/chicken/Italy/330/97 (H5N2) A/turkey/Italy/99 (H7N1) A/chicken/Chile/2002 (H7N3) A/chicken/Netherlands/2003 (H7N7) A/chicken/Korea/2003 (H1N1) [11 in 11 years]
Primary HPAI outbreaks in poultry in 2004 Vietnam 8/1/2004 H5N1 Japan 12/1/2004 H5N1 Thailand 23/1/2004 H5N1 Cambodia 24/1/2004 H5N1 Laos 27/1/2004 H5N1 Pakistan 28/1/2004 H7N3 Indonesia 6/2/2004 H5N1 China 6/2/2004 H5N1 US/Texas 23/2/2004 H5N2 Canada 9/3/2004 H7N3 Malaysia 19/8/2004 H5N1 11 in one year
2006 PANDEMIC Threatens World Mute swans seem to have been responsible for spread of H5N1 in Europe
History - last winter H5N8 Breaks in Europe Germany Heinrichswalde (NE) 31,000 Housed Turkeys 4 Nov Netherlands Hekendorp 140,000 housed layers - 16 Nov Ter Aar 43,000 housed laying hens 20 Nov Kamperveen 10,000 housed parent stock 21 Nov Another farm within 1 km tested +ve after slaughter Zoeterwoude 28,000 housed layers 30 Nov UK HPAI - Nafferton 6,000 Duck Breeders 16 Nov. LPAI - Hampshire H7N7-2 Feb 2015
PATHS Distance in Kilometres Distance in Miles Heinrichswalde to Hekendrop 625.80 389 Hekendrop to Nafferton 411.17 225
LPAI A constant low risk these are endemic in wild birds HPAI risk to the UK changes depending upon the level of circulation in wild birds, outbreaks in poultry in Europe or trading partners and biosecurity measures in place on farm
H5N8 HPAI and H5N1 HPAI are currently circulating in Europe, Asia and North America in both wild birds and poultry increasing our risk level
1 gram of faeces = sufficient virus to infect between 1million &10million chickens
UK Status 2015 1 st July UK was free from AI under OIE rules Notification that DEFRA will slaughter on suspicion an AI break in Lancashire Friday 10 th July Restrictions put in place Confirmed as HPAI, H7N7 on Monday 13 th July 2015
Avian Influenza poses a significant threat to our industry Understanding the potential impact on your business will guide your contingency planning
Impact - birds Die or are culled UK Nafferton, Hampshire, Preston ~ 200k birds USA Dec 2014 June 2015: 223 cases, ~ 48m birds Europe same period ~ 400k birds
AI in Europe
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Impact - people Farm workers, family on site Emotional stress Quarantine on site or best off away? Risks? What are they coming back to? You have staff living in a PZ Stay away/quarantine
Impact - people Who is going to manage the situation? might as well forget your day job media pressure business scrutiny emotional support learning on the job
Impact - people Human health risk Pandemic H5N1 once feared Conjunctivitis, flu-like symptoms, death can occur Staff at affected premises - Public Health England follow up
Commercial Impact Example Nafferton 2014
Hatchery Movement restrictions imposed 17/11/2014 Can t place day olds 10,500 culled UK sales Emptied all hatchers Emptied all eggs from setters that originated from Nafferton 432,000 eggs/embryos 70% of monthly production Hatchery C&D complete 26/11/2014 Restrictions lifted 27/11/2014 10 days No eggs breeder sites still under restriction
Breeder Layer Sites Movement restrictions imposed 17/11/2014 Average flock producing 6000 eggs per day. Storage capacity 4 days Destroyed 200,000 settable eggs All sites blood tested at least twice Restrictions started to be lifted 06/12/2015 Final site restrictions lifted 09/12/2015
Growing Sites Hatchery restrictions prevented placements Additional restrictions imposed due to Catchers link Sites blood tested and restrictions lifted before process date - critical Christmas and age Some farms had to undergo additional C&D as they did not use disinfectant at AI approved concentrations Emptying hatchery added 25 days to the turnround time.
Processing Plant No day olds placed, no birds to process 3 week shut down Disruption to sales Parent Stock Sales Ban on exports to key Far East customers
Processing Plant No day olds placed, no birds to process 3 week shut down Disruption to sales Parent Stock Sales Ban on exports to key Far East customers
Commercial Impact Example Preston 2015
Preston HPAI After primary C&D complete you are on your own Secondary C&D basically means the removal of all organic matter through washing Legally binding notice is served Leaving site empty for 12 months? Has cost the UK export market over 50m
The Removal of Manure Rendering 660.00 per tonne = 792,000 Manure undercover onsite storage is a must! To be stacked, sprayed with disinfectant and covered to heat for at least 42 days. Please think about your own sites and what you may do in the same situation.
Removal of Wash Water Rendering over 400,000.00 Sewer no quotation. 4 weeks to test wash water and NO GUARANTEE. Had land available on the IP Licence application from Environment Agency 390.00 Again think of your own situation - Do you have land available?
Financial Implications 67 weeks old is the worst time to be hit. Next pullets already in rear. Meaning all 170,000 birds had to be re-homed - at what cost? Missed flock meaning possibility of farm being empty for full laying flock. No egg production for a long time.
Financial Implications Missed deliveries due to missing/ late licenses. Unable to sell second grade eggs due to re-classification of egg shells. Costing 70K in losses and most seconds send for rendering Cost of secondary C&D estimated around 500K Overall cost to business is over 1 million
Summary New era of challenge from Avian Influenza Risk from Wild Birds HIGH Wide ranging impacts on bird health, commercial interests and people But we have the means to control BIOSECURITY & CONTINGENCY PLANNING
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