Assessment Methods. 15 th November 2010 Huw Jenkins Simon Lannon

Assessment Methods 15 th November 2010 Huw Jenkins Simon Lannon

Assessment Methods Program Country Year Program Country Year 1 R-2000 Canada 1982 12 LEED US 2000 2 P-mark Sweden 1989 13 ECO-Quantum Netherlands 2000 3 BREEAM UK 1990 14 BEAT Denmark 2000 4 BEPAC Canada 1993 15 LCAid Australia 2000 5 Ecoprofile Norway 1995 16 GBTool International 2002 6 HK-BEAM Hong Kong 1996 17 Green Globes Canada 2002 7 GreenCalc Denmark 2000 18 BEES US 2002 8 HQAL Japan 2000 19 Green Star Australia 2003 9 Energy Star US 2000 20 NABERS Australia 2004 10 Novoclimat Quebec 2000 21 CASBEE Japan 2004 11 ATHENA Canada 2000 22 CEPAS Hong Kong 2005 23 Minergie-ECO plus Switzerland 2006

Assessment Methods Source : A discussion Document Comparing International Environmental Assessment Methods for Buildings (BRE 2008)

Assessment Methods

Assessment Methods Source : A discussion Document Comparing International Environmental Assessment Methods for Buildings (BRE 2008)

Assessment Methods BREEAM LEED Legislation/Best Practice Optional standards Quantitative thresholds Percentage thresholds Based on CO 2 Based on US Dollars Main Application in UK Niche application in UK Assessor involvement Team involvement

Number of buildings Regulatory minimum Assessment Methods BREEAM Minimal Aspirational

Assessment Methods Issue Categories CO2 / Energy Waste Water Pollution Materials Health & Well-being Surface Water Run-off Management Transport (not in CSH) Ecology

Assessment Methods Environmental Impact Categories No. of Credits in Category Environmental Weighting Factor (as a % of possible points score available) Category 1 Energy/ CO 2 29 credits 36.4 % Category 2 - Water 6 credits 9 % Category 3 - Materials 24 credits 7.2 % Category 4 - Surface Water run-off 4 credits 2.2% Category 5 - Waste 7 credits 6.4 % Category 6 - Pollution 4 credits 2.8 % Category 7 - Health and Well being 12 credits 14 % Category 8 - Management 9 credits 10 % Category 9 - Ecology 9 credits 12 % Total 104 credits 100 %

Assessment Methods BREEAM 25%+ = Pass 40%+ = Good 55%+ = Very Good 70%+ = Excellent 85%+ = Outstanding Code for Sustainable Homes 36 Points = Level 1 48 Points = Level 2 57 Points = Level 3 68 Points = Level 4 84 Points = Level 5 90 Points = Level 6

Assessment Methods

Assessment Methods Min. credits to achieve Excellent Min. credits to achieve Outstanding

Energy Assessment

Standard Assessment Procedure Standard Assessment Procedure Developed from the BRE Domestic energy model (BREDEM), it s origins are in the 1980s. It is a worksheet based calculation, most of the process is transparent. Assumptions are made about occupancy and heating patterns to produce a standard output. It predicts the energy use and the associated emissions, Domestic CO 2 Emissions Rate (DER). Gives a rating in the range 0 to 120, which is based on the cost of the energy used for space and water heating.

Standard Assessment Procedure The building is modelled and the output is the Domestic CO 2 Emissions Rate (DER) The DER of the building is compared to a the emissions of a notional building Target Emissions Rate kg/m 2 (TER), The minimum energy performance to gain approval. The calculation uses the SAP worksheet with a notional dwelling the same size and shape as the dwelling for approval.

Standard Assessment Procedure The procedure has evolved from the first version to include: Ventilation options for MVHR Renewable technologies Monthly calculations Thermal bridging Complex heating systems Low energy lighting Thermal mass Summer time overheating

SBEM SBEM stands for Simplified Building Energy Model. It is a computer program used in England and Wales as a compliance tool for Part L2A-B (non domestic Buildings) and originally based on the Dutch method for assessing Non-Domestic Building s Performances. The software analyse the energy consumed in building and estimates the Kg of CO 2 produced per year. SBEM calculates monthly energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of a building given a description of the building geometry, construction, use and HVAC and lighting equipment

SBEM SBEM compares the performances of the building being analysed with those of a Notional Building with similar characteristics that complies with Part L 2006 It will result in CO2 emissions 25% lower than in 2006.SBEM produces Energy Performance Certificates that ranges from A to G class EPC is based on: building fabric air-tightness building services heating/cooling hot water services lighting and lighting controls renewable energy systems

PassivHaus PASSIVHAUS A concept initially developed in Germany in 1988 and today recognized as the leading standard in the world for the construction of very low energy buildings (17,000 buildings use today the PH standard around the globe). Passivhaus buildings are built to reduce heat losses to the minimum. Therefore in most of Passivhaus buildings heating is not required. The indoor temperature is maintained constant with a MVHR system that recovers the heat produced by people, appliances, lights and solar gains.

PassivHaus Requirements: 1. maximum space heating and cooling demand of less than 15 kwh/m 2.year or a maximum heating and cooling load of 10W/m 2. 2. maximum total primary energy demand of 120 kwh/m 2 /year. 3. air change rate of no more than 0.6 air changes per hour @ 50 Pa. primary energy: energy demand for heating/cooling, ventilation, fans and pumps, appliances, lighting.

PassivHaus How to achieve the standard: Very high levels of insulation (usually more than 300mm) Triple glazing high performance windows Airtight building fabric (air tightness test is always required to demonstrate the achievement of prescriptions) No thermal bridges in the construction Mechanical ventilation system with highly efficient heat recovery (MVHR)

PassivHaus The following figures can be considered indicative for the majority of Passivhaus buildings Heating in Passivhaus is due to*: 40% - 60% Passive solar gains 20% - 30% Internal gains 10% - 40% Systems * source: SEI publication Passive Homes, guidelines for design and construction of passive house dwellings in Ireland

Minergie MINERGIE It s the standard launched in Switzerland in 1998 and it is currently used in other neighbouring country for certifying new and refurbished low energy buildings. Minergie is a voluntary building standard (15,000 buildings have been certified so far).

Minergie Minergie uses the Energy Performance Value (EPV) index that quantifies the building quality. EPV is calculated assigning different weighting factors to energy consumption by equipments, water heaters, ventilation, and heating systems. The calculation considers only the electricity provided on site to the building. EPV should be than compared to limiting values in KWh/m 2 of electricity consumed by standard (notional) buildings. Note: SIA 380/1 defines how to apply the energy balance algorithm for buildings, as defined in EN ISO 13790

Minergie Minergie is divided into 3 categories: MINERGIE Standard MINERGIE P Standard MINERGIE ECO Standard

Minergie Minergie is divided into 3 categories: MINERGIE Standard The standard requires that general energy consumption must not to be higher than 75 % of that of average buildings and that fossil-fuel consumption must not to be higher than 50 % of the consumption of such buildings MINERGIE P Standard MINERGIE ECO Standard

Minergie Minergie is divided into 3 categories: MINERGIE Standard MINERGIE P Standard Buildings using the MINERGIE P conform with the Passivhaus standard MINERGIE ECO Standard

Minergie Minergie is divided into 3 categories: MINERGIE Standard MINERGIE P Standard MINERGIE ECO Standard It adds ecological requirements to the MINERGIE Standard It considers recyclability of the building, noise reduction, indoor air quality, light, local materials, reduction of wastes. The MINERGIE ECO can be applied to MINERGIE P. This is called MINERGIE ECO P and it represents the top classification for low energy and sustainable building in Switzerland

Minergie How to achieve the basic standard (MINERGIE): Very high levels of insulation Triple glazing high performance windows Airtight building fabric (air tightness test is always required to demonstrate the achievement of prescriptions) Heated and unheated parts of the building are always separated No thermal bridges in the construction Mechanical ventilation system with highly efficient heat recovery (MVHR) Efficient household appliances and lighting Compact building form Use of renewable forms of energy such as solar energy, wood heating, geothermal heat and waste heat CHP - MVHR

Comparison

Assessment Methods

15 th November 2010 Discussion Questions

Discussion Questions Q1. What is the future for environmental assessment methods? Who uses/values them? What do we need in the future? Should they be mandatory? Should there be exemptions? Should loopholes (Cheap Cheat Credits) be allowed? For example currently bike sheds could be included to avoid installing high levels of insulation. Should they work on urban scale to aid Sustainable Masterplanning? What about new big developments built phased over long time frame?

Discussion Questions Q2. Holistic sustainability or purely carbon focussed? How do you measure social sustainability? Is it all carbon? Should we ignore other sustainability issues (e.g. water) and focus on Carbon? What are the potential consequences of this for future generations?

Discussion Questions Q3. At what stage in the design process should they be applied? As a design tool? At post occupancy stage? Should commissioning stage be included?

Discussion Questions Q4. Does accreditation hamper innovation? How long does it take? How much does it cost? Are we locked into old technology due to accreditation? How can SAP/SBEM aid innovation?

15 th November 2010 Thank you.