Carbon Footprint of CMC Hospital for 2013

Carbon Footprint of CMC Hospital for 2013 Carbon footprint of CMC Hospital campus was estimated for the year 2011 and 2012 and the total CO2e emission was estimated at 15271.74 CO2e tons and 15456.61 CO2e tons respectively. Similar estimation is carried out for the year 2013. CO2e emission in CMC Hospital Campus, Vellore for 2013 is estimated at 15238.47 CO2e tons. The sources of CO2 emission in the Hospital campus are furnished in the table I below. It is seen that CO2 emission has reduced in 2013, which is lesser than that in 2011 & 2012. 15500 Yearwise Carbon footprint of CMC Hospital Campus 15450 15457 15400 15350 CO2e t 15300 15272 15250 15238 15200 15150 15100 2011 2012 2013 Year 1

Sl.No. Sources of Emission in CMC Hospital Table 1 Consumption Unit Consumption CO2e tons % of total Estimate SCOPE I: DIRECT EMISSION 1 Furnace oil/boilers Litres 574865 1506.15 9.88 2 Diesel Consumption for DG set Litres 463749 1215.02 7.97 3 LPG Kg 118352.4 310.08 2.03 4 Vehicles Km 8284346 28.982 0.19 5 Refrigerant losses 358.302 2.35 6 Anaesthesia (NO2) M³ 4403 4.623 0.03 SCOPE II: INDIRECT EMISSION 7 Grid connected Electricity kwh 19983420 10451.31 68.59 SCOPE III: OPTIONAL EMISSION 8 Employees Nos 1.89 0.01 9 Students Nos 0.09 0.00 10 Patients Nos 310.82 2.04 11 Water consumption Litres 734.67 548.80 3.60 12 Solid waste Tons 3577 10.89 0.07 13 Non biodegradable waste 1350.5 4.82 0.03 14 Employee Official travel by Flight Journeys 443.39 2.91 15 Paper 43.28 0.28 Total 15238.47 100.00 REDUCTION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT 1 Renewable Energy/Solar 300 KW kwh 473000 247.38 1.63 2 Renewable Energy/Wind 3 Energy Conservation Measures 15% 1652.00 10.85 4 Reduce Waste materials 10% 0.29 0.00 5 Reduce air travel 10% 4.43 0.03 6 Reduce paper usage 20% 8.87 0.06 7 Planting trees Nos 1000 Nos 118.00 0.78 Reduce Furnace oil/solar Water 8 Heater 10% 150.62 0.99 Reduce Diesel Consumption for DG 9 set 10 LPG 5% 15.50 0.10 11 Reduction of Vehicle trips 10% 2.90 0.02 12 Reduction of Water consumption 10% 54.88 0.36 Total possible reduction of Carbon Footprint 2254.87 14.81 Carbon Footprint after remedial measures 12983.60 Figures furnished in item nos 4, 5, 8 to10 and 12 to 15 are only approximate values based the data collected. However, these items forms only about 7.8 % of the total emission and may have marginal effect on the accuracy of the estimation. 2

Carbon footprint of CMC Hospital in 2013 Furnace oil/boilers 10% Diesel Consumption for DG set 8% Water consumption 4% LPG 2% Refrigerant losses 2% Grid connected Electricity 69% Others 2% Transport & Travel 3% 3

Carbon footprint in CO2e tons Furnace oil/boilers, 1506 Diesel Consumption for DG set, 1215 Grid connected Electricity, 10451 LPG, 310 Water consumption, Refrigerant 549 losses, 341 Others, 376 Transport & Travel, 472 Important observations: Electrical energy: About 76.56% of the emission in the Hospital campus is due to electrical energy consumed. Electrical energy consumption has increased by 3.13% in 2013. Abstract of energy usage in kwh in 2011 and 2012 is furnished below. Table 2 Description 2011 2012 2013 Grid Power 19526221 19841359 19983420 DG Power 674335 1226483 1714456 Solar Power 28816 Total 20200556 21067842 21726692 In 2013 DG power utilized is more due to power crisis and load shedding by TNEB. DG sets were operated nearly 4 hours a day from October 2012 onwards. 50 KW Solar PV is installed in OPD roof top and is in operation from 7 th August 2013. This unit has generated 28816 kwh in 2013. Another 42 KW Solar PV is under construction in S ward rooftop & another 100 KW Solar PV is proposed which will reduce the CO2 emission. In 2013, power factor of the hospital was monitored and maintained between 0.97 and 0.98, which has reduced the demand and consumption. Moreover harmonics was measured in various locations and active harmonic filters installed in 3 locations to mitigate harmonics. 4

Replacement of copper chokes by electronic chokes is being carried out. Old fans replaced in few areas. 3 nos old transformers were replaced by transformers with OLTC. The above initiatives have reduced consumption and carbon emission. But switching over from steam operated VAM to electrically operated Screw chiller and increase in AC units and additional connected loads in the hospital have increased the consumption by 3.13%. Whereas, the increase in consumption in 2012 was 4.29%. Boiler: CO2e emission from boiler is the second largest in the Hospital, in 2011 and 2012 the emission was 2489 and 2201 tons respectively. In 2012 emission from boiler was reduced by 11.52%. Addition of the centrifuge to the system which removes impurities from furnace oil has reduced furnace oil consumption by nearly 6%. Installation of Screw Chiller in August 2012 has limited the steam operated VAM operation to emergencies only. Since August 2012 only one boiler is used for the hospital steam requirement instead of two, which reduced the furnace oil consumption. The CO2e emission from boiler is further reduced to 1506 tons in 2013 due to the operation of screw chillier and minimal operation of VAM. Meanwhile, Solar concentrator, thermal hot water system is installed in Engineering services building roof top to feed hot water to Boiler from 14.3.2014 and it is expected reduce the furnace consumption by 3% and reduce the CO2e emission further in 2014. Hence, CO2e emission from boiler is expected to reduce further in 2014. LPG: Considerable increase in LPG gas consumption is observed. LPG consumed in 2013 is 118352 kg. Conservation and use of Solar will reduce LPG consumption. Water Supply: Water consumption has reduced in 2013 due to provision of push taps and pressure reducing valves in certain areas. Further reduction was achieved due to timing of water supply. Timing of water supply was in force from July 2012 to June 2013 and during that period water consumption in the hospital campus reduced. Hence in 2013 the above initiatives have reduced the overall consumption of water rand CO2e emission. 5

Comparison of CO2 emission in Hospital campus CO2 emission of Hospital campus for 2011, 2012 and 2013 is furnished in the table below for comparison. Table 3 Sl. Sources of Emission in CMC CO2e tons % of total Estimate No. Hospital 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 1 Furnace oil/boilers 2489.42 2201.39 1506.15 16.3 14.22 9.90 2 Diesel Consumption for DG set 663.05 853.17 1215.02 4.34 5.51 7.98 3 LPG 207.82 281.56 310.08 1.36 1.82 2.04 4 Vehicles 27.47 28.22 28.98 0.18 0.18 0.19 5 Refrigerant losses 332.92 341.24 341.24 2.18 2.2 2.24 6 Anaesthesia (NO2) 5.73 4.40 4.40 0.04 0.03 0.03 7 Grid connected Electricity 10212.20 10377.02 10451.31 66.87 67.01 68.66 8 Employees 1.84 1.87 1.89 0.01 0.01 0.01 9 Students 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.0 0.0 0.00 10 Patients 286.10 296.02 310.82 1.87 1.91 2.04 11 Water usage 545.31 593.18 548.80 3.57 3.83 3.61 12 Solid waste 2.90 10.37 10.89 0.02 0.07 0.07 13 Non biodegradable waste 5.21 4.59 4.82 0.03 0.03 0.03 14 Employee Official travel by Flight 452.44 422.28 443.39 2.96 2.92 2.91 15 Paper 39.26 41.22 43.28 0.26 0.25 0.28 Total 15271.74 15456.61 15221.18 100 100 100 Suggestions to reduce Carbon Footprint of CMC Hospital Electricity: Implementation of Energy Conservation measures/schemes and less usage of Electricity will lead to more saving of energy, in turn will reduce energy costs and carbon emission. Estimated savings could be 15% - 20% of consumption. Grid connected electricity consumption for 2013 is 19.983 million units. Unit cost of electricity now is Rs.6.68. If about 10% of energy is saved, savings in terms of money will be approximately Rs.1.32 crores. Some of the following energy conservation measures will yield instant savings: Up gradation of lightning retrofits with CFL or LED and replacing conventional chokes by electronic chokes. About 40% of the conventional chokes have been replaced by electronic chokes. LED lights will save more energy. LED lights have been provided in few areas like ICUs. 6

Replacing of aging fans, motors, pumps etc., by energy efficient units. Few units replaced Switch off lights, fans and A/C when not in use. Switch off lights when natural light is sufficient. Occupancy sensors/timers will automatically switch off when not required. Reducing electrical waste will reduce energy. A/C temperature settings to be kept between 24-26 C. Switch off computers, monitors, printers and all electronics equipments when not in use. If computers must be left on, turn off monitor. Monitor uses more than half the system s energy. Screen savers save computer not energy. Such wastes if avoided will reduce consumption. Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing new appliances like AC units, refrigerators, motors, transformers electrical fittings etc. Energy star labeled products are recognized as having superior energy efficiency. Avoid unnecessary consumption. Instead of lifts use the stairs as often as possible. Green Energy Solar power, Bio-gas (Solid waste disposal) and Wind mills are very good source of reducing CO2 emission. 400KW Roof top Solar PVs can be installed in the free roof top space available in Hospital campus. Estimated generation in kwh @ 18% CUF = 473000 units per year. Investment approximately = Rs.3.40 Crores Free roof top available for 400 KWp. Balance can be installed with superstructures. Phase I: 50 KW Solar PV is installed in OPD roof top and is in operation from August 20013. Phase II: 42 KW is proposed in S ward rooftop and is under installation. Phase III: 100 KW is proposed in I, MICU & M ward roof tops which will further reduce emission. 1000 KW Wind power can be installed in wind belt area in Tamilnadu and generation wheeled to CMC account. 7

Estimated generation in kwh @ 20% CUF = 1750000 units per year Investment approximately = Rs. 7.0 Crores However Tamilnadu grid is facing evacuation problems and it may take few years set right. Diesel Generator Utilization of DG set as back up for TNEB supply can be limited to emergency and essential loads of hospital and important support services. At least 20% savings could be made if some of the loads are segregated and switched off when there is grid power outage. Diesel consumption for 2011, 2012 and 2013 is 253071, 325638 and 463749 litres respectively. Increase in diesel consumption is due to load shedding by TNEB in the state due to power crisis. LPG Wastage to be minimized, if possible. LPG consumption for 2013 is 118352 kg. Solar water heaters will reduce LPG consumption in Dietary etc. Transport Clubbing of transport trips can be done to minimize trips of transport services. 10% - 20% savings is possible by reducing and clubbing of trips. Water Efficient and less usage of water will reduce energy consumption and fuels. Annual audits of water consumption and implementation of water saving plans will reduce CO2 emission. Promote rainwater harvesting (roof and ground water). Paper Encourage paperless office. Encourage emergency requests through phone calls and e-mails instead of requests through papers. Usage of paper and other stationary items only when there is a real need. Use of papers cause CO2 emission, but if Cane field papers are used for official purposes in certain areas of operations, it will reduce carbon emission to a certain level. Cane field papers are manufactured at a facility that operates on renewable 8

energies, such as wind power. Cane field paper is made using sustainable, renewable agro-waste. Cane field papers are fully recyclable, biodegradable, compostable, and renewable. Cane field papers are produced at an ISO 9001 / 14001 certified paper manufacturing facility. Cane field papers are manufactured at Tamilnadu Newsprint & Paper Limited (TNPL) By using less paper, increasing recycled content, and making other improvements, we can save wood, water and energy, and cut pollution and solid waste. One kilogram of virgin paper releases 7.14 kilograms of Carbon dioxide. If 1 ton of paper is not consumed it can save 17 trees. Encourage default printer settings to double sided printing and encourage electronic storage. Estimated savings could be 20 50% of emission through paper. Boiler 20% of the steam required for Hospital support services can be obtained from Solar steam generator or Solar hot water system can be used to feed hot water to the boiler. This will reduce furnace oil consumption considerably. Furnace oil consumed for Boiler operations in 2013 is 574865 litres. Solar concentrator, thermal hot water system is installed in Engineering services to feed hot water to Boiler from 14.3.2014 and it is expected reduce the furnace consumption by 3% and reduce the CO2 emission further in 2014. Hence, CO2e emission from boiler is expected to reduce further in 2014. Solar concentrator steam generator can be installed to feed CSSD, RO plant steam requirement if space is available. This will further reduce furnace oil consumption Solar water heater is another option for hot water for hospital day use instead of electric heaters. Building Encourage future proposals to implement more infrastructures on green building. 9

Solid waste The decomposition of solid waste in landfills results in the release of methane, a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Burning wastes and the transportation of waste to disposal sites produces carbon dioxide emissions. Recycling and reuse of material will reduce the use of fossil fuels Encourage compost appropriate waste rather than depositing as landfill. Develop plans to obtain energy from incineration of clinical waste if technically and commercially feasible. Trees Planting more trees in areas available inside/outside the premises will cause a great revolution to supply oxygen to the atmosphere. Trees absorb Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere as part of their photosynthetic processes. Recycling Recycling and use of bottles, plastics, papers etc., can reduce enormous amount of carbon foot print. Eco-friendly Plan for more free eco-friendly use of products and infrastructure. Employee Awareness / Workshop Workshops and audits may be conducted so as to create awareness about energy usage and consumption. Every department should have its own record of carbon emission so as to have an awareness of the use of energy and in saving them. Every department/ unit may have its own metered box to measure the electricity used and to benchmark with other so as to cut the wastage. Other recommendations Encourage natural ventilation, natural day light, water use with sensor taps. Encourage locally sourced, environmentally friendly products with minimal packaging. 10

Encourage source food that is fresh and locally produced to minimize the energy required for freezing / thawing / reheating and transport. Monitor and develop plans to reduce the CO2 emissions from hospital vehicles. Develop programs to reduce waste. Encourage and support plastic recycling programs. Undertake carbon footprint audit and energy audit every year Conclusion CMC Hospital, Vellore has a very low carbon footprint when compared to other organizations. However there are ways to reduce the carbon foot print by implementing energy conservation measures, utilizing renewable energy resources and reduce consumption of all forms of energy inside the premises. Awareness can be inculcated in all the mindset of employees to reduce CO2 foot print. Service sector organizations like hospitals emit less CO2 and their carbon foot print is very minimal before. But recently, it is reported that an average Indian hospital consumes 2.5 times more energy than similarly sized commercial buildings such as hotels, malls and multiplexes and the amount of energy used by hospitals is expected to increase dramatically over the next five years due to more sophisticated systems and technologies as well as more demanding international health standards. Many organizations feel shy to give their carbon foot print data to public but now many are stepping to take a strong solution to minimize their carbon emission and to build a better environment and to leave our planet more sophisticated for our future generations. S.Sukumar Solomon 1.04.2014 11