Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders
We ve Come a Long Way Trepanning Ancient priests or medicine men cut holes into the skills of living persons, to release the demons.
What is Abnormality Psychopathology Study of abnormal behavior. Less Normal More Normal Statistical definition Functioning Social norms
Psychological Disorder Abnormal behavior includes 2 of the 5: 1. Is the behavior unusual? 2. Does the behavior go against social norms? 3. Does the behavior cause the person significant subjective discomfort? 4. Is the behavior maladaptive or result in an inability to function? 5. Does the behavior cause the person to be dangerous to self or others?
Abnormality VS Insanity
Models of Abnormality Biological Model Medial causes for psychological disorders Psychological Models Psychodynamic view hidden problems Behaviorism learning problems Cognitive Perspective thinking problems
Diagnostic Statistical Manual DSM IV TR Axis I Clinical disorders Axis II Personality Disorders Axis III - Medical Disorders Axis IV - Life domains Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) DSM 5
Axis I Disorders
Yearly Occurrence in US 2004
1 out of 5 People Suffer From Some Psychological Disorder
Anxiety Symptoms (general) Axis I Disorders: Anxiety 1. Wound-up, tense, or restless 2. Easily becoming fatigued or worn-out 3. Concentration problems 4. Irritability 5. Significant tension in muscles 6. Difficulty with sleep Phobias Agoraphobia not leave the house Claustrophobia small / enclosed spaces Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Exaggerated startle reflex Flashbacks Nightmares Acute Stress Disorder (less than 30 days) Obsessive Compulsive obsession though compulsion behavior Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Feelings of dread and impending
Common Phobias
Axis I: Mood Disorders Major Depression (general) Sleep pattern change Eating pattern change Low Energy Helplessness Hopelessness Tearful Dysthymia more down days than not Cyclothymic more elevated days than not Bipolar Bipolar I - Mania & severe depression Bipolar II - Anger & sadness Seasonal Affect Disorder (SAD) reaction to low sun light
Dissociative Disorders Dissociative fugue from Latin Flight travel away from home and not remember Dissociative amnesia can not remember personal information Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Multiple Personality Disorder (old term) Sybil Depersonalization Disorder Feel detached & disconnected from self, bodies &surroundings
Schizophrenia: Altered Reality Positive symptoms present (in addition to) Delusions false beliefs; refuse to accept evidence of falseness Hallucinations false sensory perceptions» Hearing voices» Seeing things Negative symptoms - absent (less than) Flat Affect lack of emotional responsiveness Speech preservation poor speech production Dr. John Nash Nobel Peace Prize 1994- Mathematics A Beautiful Mind
Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Very confused in speech Frequent hallucinations Very inappropriate affect or flat affect Catatonic Periods of statue-like immobility Bursts of energetic & frantic movement & talking Paranoid Hallucinations and delusions Persecution, grandeur or extreme jealousy God or Napoleon
Axis II: Personality Disorders Odd or eccentric behaviors Paranoid Schizotypal Schizoid Dramatic or erratic behaviors Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Anxious behaviors Avoidant Dependent Obsessive Compulsive
Axis II: Paranoid Personality Extreme suspicion People are watching & listening Mistrustful Jealousy
Axis II: Schizotypal Personality Eccentric behavior Difficulty forming relationships
Axis II: Schizoid Personality Loners Cold or distant Unable or unwilling to form relationships
Axis II: Antisocial Personality Lack conscience or moral Con artists & users No remorse or regret No emotions Serial killers Dexter
Axis II: Histrionic Personality Attention seeking Center of attention Over react Excessive emotions Manipulate Drama
Axis II: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Entitlement Vain Self importance
Axis II: Borderline Personality Moody Lack of sense of self Cling to others You + me = 1
Axis II: Avoidant Personality Avoid social situations Fearful of social contact
Axis II: Dependent Personality Needy Wants others to make decisions for them
Axis II: Obsessive Compulsive Personality Needs control Extreme neatness & cleanliness