Chancen der Wassermanagements als Baustein einer lokalen Null-Emissions-Strategie Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Otterpohl Leiter Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz Vorsitz IWA Specialist Group Resources oriented Sanitation
Source: Prof. G. Teodorescu, Stuttgart
Kreativität: Entspannter Zustand erforderlich!
Ersparnis an Wasser und Energie ca 200 pro Person und Jahr (Bubble Rain) dazu Duschwärmetauscher
Ressourceneffiziente Wassersysteme WERTSCHÖPFUNG: Kosteneffiziente oft dezentrale Systeme Düngerproduktion im Teilstrom, Terra Preta Energieeinsparung, Biogas Rückgewinnung Energie Warmwasser Mehrfachnutzung Wasser Weitestgehender Gewässerschutz (Baden..)
Major problems related to Wastewater (Miss)Management: Pollution of Rivers, Lakes and the Seas Inefficient Water Usage
Loss of Soil Fertility (slow but dramatic, global scale) counteraction by returning treated biowaste and faecals (Map from WWW.FAO.ORG)
Lack of phosphate resources, demand for antropogenic fertilizer (figure: www.energybulletin.net/33164.html)
Volume l/(p*year) Yearly Loads kg/(p*year) Greywater 25.000-100.000 Flushwater can be saved 6.000-25.000 Urine ~ 500 Feaces ~ 50 (option: add biowaste)
Volume l/(p*year) Yearly Loads kg/(p*year) Greywater 25.000-100.000 Flushwater can be saved 6.000-25.000 Urine ~ 500 Feaces ~ 50 (option: add biowaste) N ~ 4-5 ~ 3 % ~ 87 % ~ 10 % P ~ 0,75 ~ 10 % ~50 % ~ 40 % K ~ 1,8 ~ 34 % ~ 54 % ~ 12 % COD ~ 30 ~ 41 % ~ 12 % ~ 47 % S, Ca, Mg and trace Treatment elements Reuse / Water Cycle Treatment Fertiliser Biogas-Plant Composting Soil-Conditioner Geigy, Wiss. Tabellen, Basel 1981, Vol. 1, LARSEN and GUJER 1996, FITSCHEN and HAHN 1998
Toilets and resulting Dilution Type of Toilet Daily Flow per P. Pro and Con's Flushing + widely accepted toilet - waste of water Separating toilet Waterless Urinal Vacuumtoilet Compostingtoilet Desiccation toilet - high dilution + low water demand + well developed (ships) - high-tec / expensive + little water / little dilution + simple fertiliser reuse - little experience + no water / no dilution - maintenance required + no water needed - high space demand - maintenance needed ++ Desiccation for hot climates
What will work in Hamburg?
Separett Villa, Sweden A good starting point Cild seat Design ok, funktion?? Carrying buckets? Cover lid
Straight-drop dry urine-diverting toilet in multi-story apartments in Dong Sheng, Northern China (SEI) (EcoSan Res/ A. Rosemarin 2005 www.ecosanres.org)
Waterless Urinal (Keramag) Sorting-Toilet (Gustavsberg, Sweden)
Urine containers and pre-composters for a school and 100 flats in Linz, Austria Linz AG
Ecological Settlement Lübeck-Flintenbreite Double-Houses Terraced Houses
Greywater Nutrient loads in blackwater and greywater Blackwater
Vacuum-Biogas-System: 32 houses in Sneek, The Netherlands
Swimming in the inner city of Hamburg Advertisment of Hamburg Water
From a brochure of the big utility Hamburg Water, Hamburg, Germany, 2008 a concrete plan for 2000 PE and evaluation of the future department for blackwater diversion for the whole city in the long run
Loo-Loop: fertiliser production WaterEfficient house installations INTAQUA TM AG worldwide patents Freshwater demand: 60 to 200 litres /person/d Flushwater Biogas Toilets, kitchen waste grinder Blackwater Bath, kitchen, washing losses Central supply losses Treatment plant Treatment plant (MBR) greywater Treatment plant (MBR) Soil conditioner, fertiliser Full Local reuse for landscape irrigation
Stand-alone water reuse: Loo-Loop Flushwater INTAQUA TM AG worldwide patents Freshwater demand (rain, lake, river): 10 to 20 litres /person/d Freshwater demand: 10 to 20 litres /person/d Toilets, kitchen waste grinder Bath, kitchen, washing Tap water losses Biogas Blackwater Greywater Option: seawater Soil conditioner, fertiliser Treatment plant (MBR) Treatment plant (MBR) RO-Tap water processing local aquifer (natural or artifical) Highest possible water efficiency for very dry areas
Initial research unit at TUHH, Prof. Otterpohl
Energyunit Waterworks Fertiliser-Factory Vakuum-Biogas-System with production of dry fertiliser Modules for 500 to 10.000 persons
DESERTEC Euro-Supergrid EU-MENA: Club of Rome http://www.desertec.org/
ZERO fossile DESERTEC Zusammenwirken mit dezentralen Strukturen
Integrated urban bio-systems
Integrated urban bio-systems Patric Blanc,, Paris
Breakthrough in faecal matter treatment trough vermicomposting at TUHH (BMBF / IPSWaT)
Vielen Dank! Patric Blanc, Paris, France www.tuhh.de/aww