Early Colonoscopy in Patients with Acute Diverticulitis Simon Bar-Meir, M.D.



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Early Colonoscopy in Patients with Acute Diverticulitis Simon Bar-Meir, M.D. Professor of Medicine Germanis Kaufman Chair of Gastroenterology Director, Dept. of Gastroenterology Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Acute Diverticulitis Clinical presentation CT scan No pericolic air Pericolic air

Acute Diverticulitis Differentiating from colonic carcinoma

Diverticulitis vs. Carcinoma on CT Diverticulitis: - colonic wall thickening - pericolic fat infiltration - absence of pericolic lymph nodes Cancer: - colonic wall thickening - adjacent lymph nodes - intra-luminal mass Overlap exists

Colonoscopy in Acute Diverticulitis Colonoscopy is recommended But is postponed for 6 weeks Diverticulitis affects mostly the elderly Elderly pts may be lost for follow-up Pts re-admitted because obstruction At surgery: colonic carcinoma

Colonoscopy in Acute Diverticulitis?

Colonoscopy in Diverticular Disease Penfold JC. Peforation of the colon complicating colonoscopy: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 1975; 18: 626-627 627

Colonoscopy in Diverticular Disease 42 y/o female with rectal bleeding Colonoscopy: multiple diverticuli At splenic flexure the movable tip mechanism broke down Abdominal distention and vomiting Admitted next day and died PM: 0.5 cm perforated diverticulum Colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis is not advocated

Colonoscopy in Acute Diverticulitis Diverticulitis is a sealed perforation Occasionally evolves into free perforation Colonoscopy is postponed for 6 weeks Avoid the conversion into a free perforation This policy is not evidence-based

Colonoscopy in Acute Diverticulitis Experience? Risk for perforation? Any benefit?

Aim To evaluate the feasibility and safety of early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis

Colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis - 3 steps- Colonoscopy in all patients with acute diverticulitis: a) but no pericolic air b) including pericolic air c) early vs. delayed Feasibility studies c) early vs. delayed a controlled trial

Colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis - 3 steps- Colonoscopy in all patients with acute diverticulitis: a) but no pericolic air b) including pericolic air c) early vs. delayed a controlled trial

Patients and Methods Step I Patients hospitalized for acute diverticulitis: - LLQ abdominal tenderness - fever - WBC Diagnosis confirmed by abdominal CT - localized thickening of colonic wall - Inflammation of pericolic fat

Excluded: Patients and Methods - patients with: pericolic air free perforation Step I - previous colonoscopy within a year

Patients and Methods Treated with IV antibiotics Signed a consent form Cleansing with oral phosphosoda Colonoscopy on the day of discharge Conscious sedation Remained for at least 6 hrs Telephone contact 1&3 days later

Flow Chart of Patients Step I 55 pts with acute diverticulitis 6 pts excluded 4 refused colonoscopy 2 had recent colonoscopy 49 pts agreed to colonoscopy 10 pts excluded due to pericolic air 39 pts underwent colonoscopy no complications

Patients and Methods Step II Included: - patients with pericolic air Excluded: - patients with free perforation - previous colonoscopy within a year

Flow Chart of Patients Step II 9 pts excluded 7 refused colonoscopy 2 had recent colonoscopy 67 pts with acute diverticulitis 58 pts agreed to colonoscopy 4 excluded due to free perforation 54 pts underwent colonoscopy 6 had pericolic air 1/6 perforated

Combined analysis of the two studies

Results I07 pts consented colonoscopy 93 pts underwent colonoscopy Age: 62 (38-85) 85) yrs Gender (M/F): 47/60 No. of attacks: - 1: 91 pts (85%) - 2: 16 pts (15%) Time to colonoscopy: 5.8 (3-12) days

Results Cecal intubation: : 75 pts (81%) Incomplete colonoscopy: 18 pts (19%) - 10 colonic stricture - 5 pain - 2 poor preparation - 1 obstructing carcinoma Second colonoscopy: - success rate: 16 pts (100%) - 2 pts operated: carcinoma ; recurrent diverticulitis

Endoscopic Findings Polyps: 11 in 9 patients Size: 10-20 mm Location: - 2 rectum - 4 descending colon - 5 ascending colon Histology Obstructing carcinoma of sigmoid colon Chicken bone trapped in a diverticulum

Histologic Findings 9 tubular adenoma 1 tubulovillous adenoma 1 tubulovillous adenoma with carcinoma

Endoscopic Findings Polyps: 11 in 9 patients Size: 10-20 mm Location: - 2 rectum - 4 descending colon - 5 ascending colon Obstructing carcinoma of sigmoid colon Chicken bone trapped in a diverticulum

History of Pt with Carcinoma 55 y/o man Clinical presentation of acute diverticulitis Improved on antibiotic therapy Scheduled for colonoscopy 6 wks later Failed to show up Readmitted 2 mos later Enrolled into the study Underwent colonoscopy Obstructing carcinoma at 50 cm

Endoscopic Findings Polyps: 11 in 9 patients Size: 10-20 mm Location: - 2 rectum - 4 descending colon - 5 ascending colon Obstructing carcinoma of sigmoid colon Chicken bone trapped in a diverticulum

Endoscopic Findings 73 y/o female Acute diverticulitis No improvement for 10 days Underwent colonoscopy Chicken bone trapped in a diverticulum Purulent discharge Bone removed endoscopically Immediate improvement

Bone Stuck in a Diverticulum

Complications One patient perforated the sigmoid colon An 88 y/o female with pericolic air Colonoscopy on day 9 of hospitalization She did well following surgery Discharged 2 weeks later

Summary Colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis: - Feasible, although more difficult - Safe, if exclude pts with peri-diverticular air - Therapeutic, in some pts with a refractory course

Colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis - step III - Colonoscopy in all patients with acute diverticulitis: a) but no pericolic air b) including pericolic air c) early vs. delayed a controlled trial

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Patients with acute diverticulitis Exclusion criteria: - pericolic air - free perforation -recent colonoscopy Randomization to colonoscopy : immediate vs. delayed

Prospective Randomized Trial 62 pts with diverticulitis Delayed colonoscopy 30 pts Immediate colonoscopy 32 pts 3 pts waiting 8 did not show 19 colonoscopies 3 pts with polyps Cecum not reached 3 No complications 32 colonoscopies 1 pt with polyp Cecum not reached 4

Conclusions Patients with acute diverticulitis: - Abdominal CT seems to be sufficient - Routine colonoscopy is not advocated - Reserved for pts with a refractory course

Colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis is: feasible but seldom necessary