Introduction to Harvard Referencing Hints & Tips Learning and Research Support Team Library & Information Services
We aim to: Give you confidence to reference sources you use in your assignments Help you understand why you need to reference Show you when you need to reference Give you some practical examples of referencing different types of material using the Harvard style
Available online via the Library Catalogue or LibGuides http://ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/login?url=http: //www.citethemrightonline.com/ Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9 th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. (Floor 2) 808.02/PEA
What is Referencing? Identifying and listing all the sources you have referred to in your assignment. There are 2 parts to this: 1. Citing in the text Godwin (2009, p. 15) 2. Creating a list of references at the end of your assignment based on the works you have cited in the text your assignment Godwin, J. (2009) Planning your essay. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Why reference?
Why reference? Acknowledge the work of other writers Demonstrate the body of knowledge on which your work is based Enable the reader to easily locate the sources quoted Avoid accusations of plagiarism
What is plagiarism? Taking and using another person s thoughts, writings or inventions as your own without acknowledging or citing the source of ideas and expressions. (Pears and Shields, 2013, p. 113)
Some Tips to Avoid Plagiarism Always note down the full details of the source when taking notes difficult and time consuming to trace later Use quotation marks when directly stating another person s words Acknowledge the sources you ve used by citing them in your work and having a reference list at the end Use your own ideas & words Make sure you understand what paraphrasing is
Book Reference Author Date of Publication Title (in italics) Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Place of Publication Publisher Edition if not the 1st This information comes from the front and the back of the title page of the book TIP the Catalogue shows these details In-text citation: (Cottrell, 2013) OR Cottrell (2013) Library & Information Services
Task Answer Author Date of Publication Title (in italics) Evans, S. (2009) Access to maths. Harlow: Pearson Education. Place of Publication Publisher This information comes from the front and back of the title page In-text citation: (Evans, 2009) OR Evans (2009)
Multiple Author Book Reference Authors Date of Publication Sambell, K., McDowell, L. and Montgomery, C. (2013) Assessment for learning in higher education. London: Routledge. Publisher Title (in italics) Place Published In-text citation: (Sambell, McDowell and Montgomery, 2013) OR Sambell, McDowell and Montgomery (2013) Library & Information Services
Task Answer Authors Date of Publication Collins, J.A., Busby, H.R. and Staab, G.H. (2010) Mechanical design of machine elements and machines: a failure prevention perspective. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Place of Publication Title (in italics) Publisher In-text citation: (Collins, Busby and Staab, 2009) OR Collins, Busby and Staab(2009)
Journal Article Reference Author(s) Date Article title Grima, M., Butler, M., Hanson, R. and Mohameden, A. (2012) Firework displays as sources of particles similar to gunshot residue, Science & Justice, Journal Name (in italics) 52(1), pp. 49-57. Volume (issue/number) Page numbers This information comes from the article front page In-text citation: (Grima et al., 2012) OR Grima et al. (2012) Library & Information Services
Task - Answer Author Date Article title Wilkinson, J. (2009) Staff and student perceptions of plagiarism and cheating, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 20(2), pp. 98-105. Journal Name (in italics) Page numbers Volume (issue/ part number)
Reference List Includes everything referred to in the text References need to be: Accurate Are spellings and page numbers correct? Complete Is all the required information included? Consistent Are all the references presented in the same way?
What else do you need to know?
What is Paraphrasing? When you paraphrase, you express someone else s writing in your own words, usually to achieve greater clarity. (Pears and Shields, 2013, p. 9) Library & Information Services
Quoting and Paraphrasing Godwin (2009, p. 15) believes that As teachers we recognise the complex nature of plagiarism Godwin (2009, p. 15) concluded that due to the complexity... Teachers recognise that plagiarism is a complex issue (Godwin, 2009, p. 15) Quote Paraphrase Paraphrase When paraphrasing make it clear that the words or ideas are not your own.
Secondary Referencing There is a temptation when you find one author quoting (or citing) another to just lift the quote and use it: BUT You didn t find the quote How do they know it is correct? SO If it isn t possible to check the original source - acknowledge both writers in the text but only reference the source you have read
In-text citation (Worrall, 1985, cited in Chalmers, 1999, p. 141) In the reference list Chalmers, A.F. (1999) What is this thing called Science? Maidenhead: Open University Press.
A comparative study on properties built within the last twenty years and older houses, clearly illustrated the financial and environmental benefits of investing time and money in improving home insulation. A recent survey and video underlined that as much as a third of the heat generated in homes is lost through the walls or the roof as a result of poor insulation.
A comparative study conducted by Bowman and Jenkins (2011), on properties built within the last twenty years and older houses, clearly illustrated the financial and environmental benefits of investing time and money in improving home insulation. A recent survey (Thermascan, 2012) and video (Norman, 2012) underlined that as much as a third of the heat generated in homes is lost through the walls or the roof as a result of poor insulation.
Which is true? A. Information taken from web sites needs to be referenced B. Information taken from web sites only needs to be referenced if there is a notice to say it must be acknowledged C. Information that is freely available online doesn t need to be referenced
Referencing a Website http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/tm/curr390_guide.shtml Author [Person or Organisation] (Year site was published or last updated) in round brackets Title of internet site. (in Italics) Available at: URL of website (Accessed: date accessed)
Task - Answer Education World (2002) Student guide to avoiding plagiarism. Available at: http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/tm/curr39 0_guide.shtml (Accessed: 6 August 2013).
Put in the correct order. A. Bond, M. and Holland, S. (2011) Skills of Clinical supervision for nurses. 2 nd edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press. B. Health Professions Council (2004) Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. London: HPC. C. Fowler, J. (1996 ) Clinical supervision: what do you do after saying hello? British Journal of Nursing, 5(6), pp. 382-385. D. BBC (2003) Student nurses left to cope alone. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2976693.stm (Accessed: 6 August 2013).
D A C B BBC (2003) Student nurses left to cope alone. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2976693.stm (Accessed: 6 August 2013). Bond, M. and Holland, S. (2011) Skills of Clinical supervision for nurses. 2 nd edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Fowler, J. (1996 ) Clinical supervision: what do you do after saying hello? British Journal of Nursing, 5(6), pp. 382-385. Health Professions Council (2004) Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. London: HPC.
Other formats it s not just text Images (photographs, diagrams, tables etc.), Film, Maps, Podcasts, and more Image from Internet: Judithgold (2010) Relief wells and subsea containment [Infographic]. Available at: http://visual.ly/relief-wells-and-subsea-containment (Accessed: 6 August 2013).
Don t Forget Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9 th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available online via the Library Catalogue or LibGuides http://ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/login?url=htt p://www.citethemrightonline.com/ (Floor 2) 808.02/PEA
Finally Practice! The more you reference the easier it gets. Check on LibGuides and use Cite them right Help is always available so please ask
Other useful workshops RefWorks basic and advanced Critical Thinking Doing a Literature Search Details on the Library website