Beverly Mabb-Morten. Introduction

The Descending Lineage of Ephraim Mabb and Jennet Armstrong, of Northampton, Fulton County, New York, to William Lee and his father, Charles Everett Mabb. Beverly Mabb-Morten Introduction This investigation began as a typical ancestor identification-geographic origin objective. My article concerns itself primarily in discovering ancestors who were directly related to William Lee Mabb and his father Charles Everett Mabb, as well as a search for the geographic location where this particular Mabb family had lived before migrating to Missouri. A genealogical diaspora has resulted from a long forgotten family history, leaving their descendants with the slightest fragments of their lineage. In this article I will present evidence that Stephen Rowland Mabb, a native of New York, was the father of Charles Everett Mabb and grandfather of William Lee Mabb. Further, I will submit documentation that the Mabb lineage originated from Ephraim Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong, of Northampton, Fulton, New York; as documents have surfaced from the time of the Civil War, revealing them as Stephen Rowland Mabb s parents. Background According to William Lee Mabb 1, the son of Charles Everett and Mellie Cecil (Record) Mabb, the earliest American geographic origin of members of his family was New York, and further, he had no idea of who his ancestors were, including both sets of his grandparents. William never met his grandparents, as all but his mother s mother had died before he was born. Mellie Cecil s mother, Melzinia (Pinson) Record, died March 18, 1927, when William was only three. Because the two families lived in different states and William was so young at the time of his grandmother s death, he would have no lasting remembrance of her, even if he had met her. In 1968, only five years after his mother s death, William could not even recall her first name. Mellie Cecil had used nicknames for so long that her first name had passed out of memory. Most referred to her as Julia 2, while others called her Judith 3 or Jude 4. 1 Mabb family tradition regarding parentage of Charles Everett Mabb (born 1885), by William Lee Mabb, as told to Beverly Mabb-Morten, William s daughter and granddaughter of Charles Everett Mabb, 1968. 2 Mabb family tradition regarding the nickname of Mellie Cecil Record (born 1886), by William Lee Mabb, as told to Beverly Mabb-Morten, William s daughter and granddaughter of Julia Mabb, 1968. 3 Mellie Cecil Judith (Record) Mabb photograph, ca. 1900; digital image, privately held by Teri Sorensen [address for private use] Riverside, California. Sorensen emailed a digital scan of her photograph to Beverly Mabb- Morten, pertaining to her great-grandfather, Ross Record, Mellie Cecil s brother, 2005. Written on the back of photo: Della Ethel Record, Judith Cecil Record; twin sisters of Ross Record. 4 [Mellie Cecil] Jude (Record) Mabb photograph, ca. 1894-95, privately held by Teri Sorensen [address for private use] Riverside, California. Sorensen emailed a digital scan of her photograph to Beverly Mabb-Morten, of her great-grandfather, Ross Record s family, in 2005. Written on the back of photo: Family of Thomas Hargus Record, taken about 1894 or 1895. Top row-left to right: Susan-married Ferd [Fred] Hill, Ross married Nettie Powers, Josephine married Benson, Mary-married Frank Powers, brother of Nettie, Jude-married Everett McNabb [Mabb], Grandfather Record, Minerva-married Eugene Dace, Grandmother Record, Melzina Pinson, Ethel-married James Paul, Champ-little boy-married Joy Johnson. 1

The 1910 U.S. Federal Census 5 located Everett Mabb [Charles] as a 25 year old resident in Boone, Crawford, Missouri 6, working as a hired man, for Daniel B. and Telitha F. Moss 7. It is also recorded in this census that Charles father was born in New York, and his mother, in Missouri 8. This is the first indication of the Mabb s coming from New York. Living in nearby Liberty, Crawford, Missouri, in 1910, was Mellie C. Record [Mellie Cecil Record], who is also stated as being aged 25 9, and was currently living with her parents and the following siblings: Thomas H., age 62, and Melyina [Melzinia], age 58, Minerva, age 20 [30], Charlie, age 18, and Linnie, age 14. We also learn that Thomas was a farmer 10 and from a photograph that was shared with me from a descendent of Mellie s brother Ross Record, one type of farming the Record s engaged in was sorghum molasses. 11 A caveat about enumerations: often whoever was at home at the time of the census provided the answers for the census-taker, and their memories and spelling may have been questionable or inaccurate when answering the census questions. Even the census-taker is known to have made errors in spelling names, so corroborating evidence is necessary in establishing accurate identities based in census records. Charles and Mellie were married 12 on November 1, 1911, at the home of Reverend Mr. M. A. Clayton. On their marriage license, Charles recorded that he, Evertt 13, [Everett] currently lived in Algire, Washington, Missouri 14. Notice is given here that Mellie Cecil now legally identifies herself as Julia Record 15 ; she states that she is living in Anthonies Mill, Washington, Missouri 16. The two witnesses of their marriage were Minerva Record, Julia s sister and Alice Keeny 17. Charles and Julia, as she will now be referred to as, had seven children from this union: Clarence (1912-1997), Katherine Allie (1915-2004), Dorothy (1917-5 1910 U.S. census, Crawford County, Missouri, population schedule, Boone Township, Enumeration District (ED) 8-8, sheet 6-A, page 239, dwelling 139, family 142, entry for Everett Mabb; digital image. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 28 August 2013, citing National Archives microfilm publication T626, roll 1265. 6 Ibid. 1910 U.S. census, Crawford Co., MO, pop. sch., Boone Township, ED 2, sheet 14 B, dwell. 283, fam. 286. Everett Mabb. 7 Ibid. 1910 U.S. census, Crawford Co., MO, pop. sch., Boone Township, ED 2, sheet 14 B, dwell. 283, fam. 286. Everett Mabb. 8 Ibid. 1910 U.S. census, Crawford Co., MO, pop. sch., Boone Township, ED 2, sheet 14 B, dwell. 282, fam. 286. Everet Mabb 9 Ibid. 1910 U.S. census, Crawford Co., MO, pop. sch., Liberty Township, ED 5, sheet 1B, dwell. 19, fam. 19. Mellie C. Record. 10 Ibid. 1910 U.S. census, Crawford Co., MO, pop. sch., Liberty Township, ED 5, sheet 1 B, dwell. 19, fam. 19. Mellie C. Record. 11 Photograph, ca. 1900; digital image, privately held by Teri Sorensen [address for private use] Riverside, California. Sorensen emailed a digital scan of her photograph to Beverly Mabb-Morten, with her great-grandfather, Ross Record, 2005. Written on the back of the photo: Making sorghum molasses. Pie pan on the stick for skimming molasses in the vat. Log cabin back in trees was the birthplace of Walter Record, Teri s grandfather. 12 Original marriage license and certificate, recorded in Marriage Record 5 at page 11. Everett Mabb to Julia Record, 1 November 1911, Milan, Sullivan, Missouri. Privately held by Robert Davidson [address for private use] Fort Collins, Colorado. Davidson provided a facsimile from the original license and certificate and mailed it to Beverly Mabb-Morten, 2004. 13 Ibid. Missouri Marriage license, for Everett Mabb to Julia Record (1911). 14 Ibid. Missouri Marriage license, for Everett Mabb to Julia Record (1911). 15 Ibid. Missouri Marriage license, for Everett Mabb to Julia Record (1911). 16 Ibid. Missouri Marriage license, for Everett Mabb to Julia Record (1911). 17 Ibid. Missouri Marriage license, for Everett Mabb to Julia Record (1911). 2

1991), Beulah (1919-1996), Dean Marvin (1921-1994), William Lee (1924-1987) and Julia Ruth (1927-1999) 18. After they married, Charles and Julia eventually migrated to Illinois, residing in the townships and villages of Whitehall, Wood River, Hartford, Roodhouse and Alton. In 1930, the nine family members were enumerated in the United States Federal Census as living in Wood River, Madison, Illinois 19. The statistics on the census tells us that Everett C. Mabb is the head of household and was married at the age of nineteen to Julia, age seventeen 20. The Mabb family is listed as residing on Hillcrest Avenue. Also on the census we learn that Clarence, Katherine and Dorothy, were born in Missouri while the other children, Beulah, William, Dean, and Ruth were born in Illinois 21. Charles occupation is a laborer at an oil refinery 22. The Alton, Illinois City Directory 23 of 1930 also confirms the census information: that the Chas. E. Mabb family is living on Hillcrest Avenue, with the house number 3105 24. By 1940 25, the United States Federal Census reported Charles E., Julia, William, age 16, and Ruth, age 12, were living in Hartford, Illinois 26, which by this date had become an independent village stemming from a division of Wood River 27. The family of four is now living at 14 W. Forest 28 and Charles continues to work as a laborer at a petroleum refinery 29. On this census the government asked what was the highest education completed, for Charles, it was fourth grade 30 and Julia, the third grade 31. 18 Personal knowledge as known by Beverly Mabb-Morten, Robert Lee Davison, Samuel Mabb, grandchildren of Charles Everett and Mellie Cecil Julia (Record) Mabb. 19 1930 U. S. census, Madison County, Illinois, population schedule, Wood River Township, Enumeration District (ED) 60-103, sheet 31 B, p. 62, dwelling 715, family 721, Everett C. Mabb; digital image. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 16 August 2013), citing National Archives microfilm publication T626, roll 2,667). 20 Ibid. 1930 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill. pop. sch. Wood River Township, ED 60-103, sheet 31 B, dwell. 715, fam. 721. Everett C. Mabb. 21 Ibid. 1930 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill. pop. sch. Wood River Township, ED 60-103, sheet 31 B, dwell. 715, fam. 721. Everett C. Mabb. 22 Ibid. 1930 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill. pop. sch. Wood River Township, ED 60-103, sheet 31 B, dwell. 715, fam. 721. Everett C. Mabb. 23 Alton, Illinois Directories, 1930-31, database, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 21 September 2013), entry for Chas. E. Mabb; citing Alton, ILL: Huber Directory Co., 1930-31, page 686. 24 Ibid. Alton, Illinois. Directories, 1930-31. Database, Ancestry.com, entry for Chas. E. Mabb. 25 1940 U.S. census, Madison County, Illinois, population schedule, Hartford Village, Enumeration District (ED) 60-123, sheet 13 A, page 25, dwelling 14, family 244, Charles E. Mabb; digital image. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 16 August 2013), citing National Archives microfilm publication T627, 4,643 rolls. 26 Ibid. 1940 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill., pop sch., Hartford Village, ED 60-123, sheet 13 A, dwell. 14, fam. 244. Charles E. Mabb. 27 Ibid. 1940 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill., pop sch., Hartford Village, ED 60-123, sheet 13 A., dwell. 14, fam. 244. Charles E. Mabb. 28 Ibid. 1940 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill., pop. sch., Hartford Village, ED 60-123, sheet 13 A, dwell. 14, fam. 244. Charles E. Mabb. 29 Ibid. 1940 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill., pop. Sch., Hartford Village, ED 60-123, sheet 13 A, dwell. 14, fam. 244. Charles E. Mabb. 30 Ibid. 1940 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill., pop. Sch., Hartford Village, ED 60-123, sheet 13 A, dwell. 14, fam. 244. Charles E. Mabb. 31 Ibid. 1940 U.S. census, Madison Co., Ill., pop. Sch., Hartford Village, ED 60-123, sheet 13 A, dwell. 14, fam. 244. Julia Mabb. 3

Public Notices for Real Estate Transfer for 14 W. Forest, Hartford, Madison, Illinois, Home of Charles Everett Mabb and Family. In the Edwardsville Intelligencer 32 under newspaper public notices for real estate transfers, printed in the September 3, 1949 edition, is a listing for a transaction from Mary Scheldt to Charles E. Mabb, selling him part of lot 248 and all of lot 249, of South Wood River, for $1.00 33. Then on January 8, 1960, the Edwardsville Intelligencer 34 announced another Real Estate Transfer Notice, this time by Charles Everett Mabb to Julia Ruth Echenroed, et al, lots 248 and 249, in Hartford, Illinois, for $10.00 35. Another transaction, printed on February 6, 1965, shows a final transfer notice in the Edwardsville Intelligencer 36 for Julia Ruth Echenroed Loker et al and Robert Lee Davidson, to Leslie F. Kennedy for lots 248 and 249, in Hartford Stamp for $1.65 37. It was at this residence that Charles and Julia raised their seven children and from time to time entertained their grandchildren. The chain-of-title for the property located at 14 W. Forest, Hartford, Illinois, had passed from the hands of Mary Scheldt in 1949 to Charles E. Mabb, and then to Julia Ruth Echenroed, his daughter, along with his grandson Robert Lee Davidson, in 1960, and then in 1965, the home finally left ownership by the Mabb family. United States World War II Draft Registration Card for Charles Everett Mabb The U.S. World War II Draft Registration Cards 38, 1942, had an entry for Charles Everett Mabb. Charles states he is residing at 14 W. Forrest, Hartford, Madison, Illinois and reportedly at this time, there is no telephone 39. The document informs the Draft Board that Charles was born in Springfield, Missouri, on April 13, 1885 40. Julia C. Mabb is named as the person who will always know your address 41 an interesting way to say emergency contact person. 32 Public Notices: Real Estate Transfer Notice, Edwards Intelligencer, 3 September 1949, p. 9, cols. 5; digital images Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : 29 September 2013), Historical Newspaper Collection. 33 Ibid. Public Notices: Real Estate Transfer Notice. 34 Public Notices: Real Estate Transfer Notice, Edwards Intelligencer, 8 January 1960, p. 11, col. 8; digital images Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : 29 September 2013), Historical Newspaper Collection. 35 Ibid. Public Notices: Real Estate Transfer Notice, Edwards Intelligencer, 8 January 1960, p. 11. 36 Public Notices: Real Estate Transfer Notice, Edwardsville Intelligencer, February 6, 1965, p. 6, cols. 6; digital image Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : 29 September 2013), Historical Newspaper Collection. 37 Ibid. Public Notice: Real Estate Transfer Notice. 38 World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 September 2013), Charles Everett Mabb, serial no. 2245, order no. [blank], Draft Board [blank], Hartington, Madison County, Illinois; citing World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, NARA microfilm publication M2097; microfilm roll: 178. 39 Ibid. World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, for Charles Everett Mabb, serial no. 2245, order no. [blank] Draft Board [blank], Hartford, Madison County, Illinois. 40 Ibid. World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, for Charles Everett Mabb, serial no. 2245, order no. [blank] Draft Board [blank], Hartford, Madison County, Illinois. 41 Ibid. World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, for Charles Everett Mabb, serial no. 2245, order no. [blank] Draft Board [blank], Hartford, Madison County, Illinois. 4

Charles continues to work for the Shell Oil Company, in Wood River 42. This Draft Registration Card was signed Charles Everett Mabb 43. Charles Everett Mabb died August 25, 1962, in Alton, Madison, Illinois, from arteriosclerotic heart disease due to congestive failure and diabetes mellitus with a possible thrombosis 44. Six months later to the day, on February 25, 1963, his wife of almost 51 years, Julia, died from arteriosclerotic heart disease and acute enterocolitis 45. Husband and wife were buried next to each other at the Valhalla Memorial Park, Gethsemane Lot 133-A, Space 3 for Julia, and Space 4 for Charles. Valhalla Memorial Park is located in Godfrey, Illinois 46. Certificate of Birth for William Lee Mabb An original and certified copy of the birth certificate 47 for William confirms that he was born March 15, 1924, in White Hall, Greene, Illinois 48, to Charles and Julia Melzina Mabb 49. The birth certificate states that his mother was born in Anthonys [Anthonies] Mill, Sullivan, Missouri 50. For whatever reason, this document claims that Charles was born in White Hall 51, while all other sources state that he was born in Springfield, Missouri. The certificate also states that Charles and Julia had at this time six living children, including William 52. Julia Ruth Mabb will be the seventh and last child born to the Mabb family, but that will not take place until 1927. Social Security Application for Charles Everett Mabb The United States Social Security Application for Account Number 53, form SS-5, proved to be a very important document for this research project, as it directly identifies Charles Mabb s father and mother. The document first confirms his identity as Charles Everett Mabb (which he penned in as Chas. E. Mabb), born April 13, 1885, in Springfield, Missouri 54, and not in White 42 Ibid. World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, for Charles Everett Mabb, serial no. 2245, order no. [blank] Draft Board [blank], Hartford, Madison County, Illinois. 43 Ibid. World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942, for Charles Everett Mabb, serial no. 2245, order no. [blank] Draft Board [blank], Hartford, Madison County, Illinois. 44 Madison County, Illinois, death certificate no. 801453, for Charles Everett Mabb; registrant district no. 60.3, Bureau of Statistics Illinois Department of Public Health- Springfield. 45 Madison County, Illinois, death certificate no. 81233, for Julia Cecil Mabb; registrant district no. 60.3, Bureau of Statistics Illinois Department of Public Health Springfield. 46 Personal Correspondence. Letter from Ami Jarman, secretary Valhalla Memorial Park, Inc., Godfrey, Illinois to Mr. Bob Davidson, 12 April 2000, information on Charles and Julia Mabb burial location; query to where his grandparents were buried. Reprint of the original letter sent by Davidson to Beverly Mabb-Morten, December 2004. 47 Illinois Department of Public Health, birth certificate 45356 (1924), William Lee Mabb; Division of Vital Statistics, White Hall. 48 Ibid. Illinois birth certificate no. 45356 (1924), William Lee Mabb. 49 Ibid. Illinois birth certificate no. 45356 (1924), William Lee Mabb. 50 Ibid. Illinois birth certificate no. 45356 (1924), William Lee Mabb. 51 Ibid. Illinois birth certificate no. 45356 (1924), William Lee Mabb. 52 Ibid. Illinois birth certificate no. 45356 (1924), William Lee Mabb. 53 Charles Everett Mabb, SS no. 345-07-3198, 3 December 1936, Application for Account Number (Form SS-5), Social Security Administration, Baltimore, Maryland. 54 Ibid. Charles Everett Mabb, SS no. 345-07-3198, Application for Account No. (Form SS-5), Social Security Administration. 5

Hall, Illinois, as his son s birth certificate had claimed. Charles reported that at this time he was living in Hartford, Illinois and his employer was Shell Petroleum, which was located in Wood River, Illinois 55. It is on form SS-5 that there is confirmation that Charles is the son of Stephen Rowland Mabb and Hattie Crowder 56. Finally, Charles clearly names his parents and this will guide the next line of research in finding the ancestors and place of early American origins of William Lee and Charles Everett Mabb. Missouri Marriage Records for Stephen Mabb and Hattie Crowder An online digital image from the Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002 57 states that Stephen Mabb, who is of the age 21 58, was married to Hattie Crowder, who is of the age 18 59, in Milan, Sullivan, Missouri, on December 17, 1882 60. There is no other information on this marriage license to indicate exactly where and when Stephen or Hattie had been born, but we can extrapolate that he was at least 21, and she 18, on the day they were married; they could have been older but not younger. The Sullivan County Courthouse is located in Milan and as they were married in Milan, it is probable that they were married at the courthouse and that is why there is a record for it. During this time period it was hit or miss for compulsory filing of vital records, and even if it was required, often individuals just did not follow through with their filings. Further research is required to discover if they owned property and land in Missouri. At this time I have not been able to find any other document or piece of evidence, other than this marriage license, pertaining to Hattie Crowder or her family. Death of Certificate for Stephen R. Mabb An online digital image of Stephen R. Mabb s death certificate 61 also directly connects this father and son, as the reporting informant for Stephen s death was Charles. It should be noted at this time, that the certificate was signed Everit [Everett] Mabb, of Anthonies Mill, Missouri 62. It appears that sometimes this Mabb is Charles and other times Everett, with numerous combinations in rearranging and spellings of his first and middle name. 55 Ibid. Charles Everett Mabb, SS no. 345-07-3198, Application for Account No. (Form SS-5), Social Security Administration. 56 Ibid. Charles Everett Mabb, SS no. 345-07-3198, Application for Account No. (Form SS-5), Social Security Administration. 57 Ancestry.com. Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002, subscription database, Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2007 (http://www.ancestry.com). Original data: Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002, Jefferson City, MO, USA for Stephen Mabb and Hattie Crowder, married 17 December 1882: Missouri State Archives. Microfilm. Accessed: 24 September 2013. 58 Ibid. Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002, entry for Stephen Mabb and Hattie Crowder (1882). 59 Ibid. Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002, entry for Stephen Mabb and Hattie Crowder (1882). 60 Ibid. Missouri Marriage Records, 1805-2002, entry for Stephen Mabb and Hattie Crowder (1882). 61 Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917; Missouri Digital Heritage: Collections: Death Certificates, 1910-1962. http://sos.mo.gov/images/archives/deathcerts/1917/1917_00009536.pdf. Accessed: 19 September 2012. 62 Ibid. Washington Co., MO, Death Certificates, 1910-1962. 6

The 1940 U.S. Federal Census 63 tells us that Charles had a 4 th grade education and this may explain the inconsistencies in spelling or writing of his name. These activities may not have played a major role in Charles life and this probably influenced the discrepancies associated with any papers he was responsible for filling out. Whether Charles had filled out this death certificate himself or a registrant performed the service, either way, the spelling and penmanship in this document was crudely penned. In the section for the name of Stephen R. Mabb s mother, father, and their place of birth, it was simply filled in as Dont no 64. Charles states his residence as Anthonies Mill 65 in this 1917 document, which was no less than the same village where his wife was reported to have been born and was living prior to their marriage. This death certificate states that Stephen R. Mabb was born October 23, 1859, in Broadalbin, New York 66, and died in Johnson, Washington, Missouri on February 17, 1917 67. Broadalbin is spelled Brodlben, yet another misspelling, an error that suggests during this historical time period, spelling phonetically was a common occurrence; especially for those living in a small rural community where higher education was not a vital requisite in order to eek out an existence as laborers, farmers, or individuals who rarely filled out legal papers. The information from this death certificate provided by Charles could be the reason that led William to believe that a Mabb ancestor had come from New York. Occasionally, a traditional statement is found to be very close to the truth. In 1917, Charles remembered that his father had been born in New York, even naming the city. Charles could have imparted this fact to his children while they were growing up, but having never met their grandfather, the information became nothing more than an inconsequential fact to them, yet a fact that left some sort of fuzzy memory for William. The cause of Stephen s death is recorded as typhoid fever 68 and states that Stephen was buried at the Kimberlin Burial Ground, in Johnson Township 69. An online search for Stephen Rowland and Hattie (Crowder) Mabb did not find their names listed on findagrave.com as being buried in the Kimberlin Cemetery. It could be that a photograph of his grave has not been made yet or possibly that there is just no grave marker to photograph identifiying where Stephen is buried. To date, it is also not known if he and his wife are buried at the same cemetery. Stephen s death certificate stated he was a widower 70, so 63 1940 U.S. census, Madison County, Illinois, population schedule, Hartford Village, Enumeration District (ED) 60-123, sheet 13 A, page 25, dwelling 14, family 244, Charles E. Mabb; digital image. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 16 August 2013), citing National Archives microfilm publication T627, 4,643 rolls. 64 Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917; Missouri Digital Heritage: Collections: Death Certificates, 1910-1962. (http://sos.mo.gov/images/archives/deathcerts/1917/1917_00009536.pdf, accessed: 2 July 2013) 65 Ibid. Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917. 66 Ibid. Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917 67 Ibid. Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917. 68 Ibid. Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917. 69 Ibid. Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917. 70 Ibid. Washington County, Missouri, Death Certificate no. 8932, for Stephens [Stephen] R. Mabb, died 17 February 1917. 7

Hattie had died sometime prior to Stephen s death in 1917. But since the death certificate clearly states that he was buried at the Kimberlin Cemetery, it shall be presumed to be the place where Stephen was laid to rest. United States Federal Census and Mortality Schedule: 1850, 1855, 1860, 1870, and 1880 During a general search for Stephen Mabb in the United States Federal Censuses returned with the results of one family that could reasonably fit the description for the Stephen Rowland Mabb, who we are looking for. In 1850 71, there is a Stephen Mabb, aged one, living in Mayfield, Fulton, New York 72. But this birthdate is conflicting with the information Charles had given on the death certificate, which states he was born in 1859. Stephen s parents are listed as Ephraim, age 26, and Jennet Mabb, age 19 73. Also living with the Mabb family is a William, age 23, and Sophia Armstrong, age 20 74. There is no indication as to the relationship between the Mabb s and the Armstrong s in the census; just that they were living in the same residence, and that Ephraim Mabb was reported as the head of household 75. Ephraim and William are listed as being laborers 76 and that all five had been born in New York 77. Following other census records for this Ephraim and Jennet Mabb family finds them listed in the 1855 New York State Census 78, where Stephen Mabb is named as Stephen R. Mabb, age 7 79, and he has now been joined by two other siblings, Olive M., age 4, and Charles H., age 1 80, living with their parents, 31 year-old Ephram [Ephraim] and 24 year-old Jenet H. [Jennet H.] Mabb 81. The family s residence is currently recorded as living in Northampton, Fulton, New York 82. The birth year for Stephen is listed as 1848 83. Between the 1850 census and the 1855 record, there is an inconsistency for the year Stephen was born; in1850 he is recorded as being one year old and five years later, in 1855, he is seven. At least this Stephen is one-step closer in identification to be the Stephen Rowland we are looking for, since he is here 71 1850 U.S. census, Fulton County, New York, population schedule, Mayfield, p. 58, dwelling no. 434, family no. 470, entry for Ephraim Mabb, Jennet Mabb, Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] Armstrong, Sophia Armstrong; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 July 2013); citing NARA microfilm publication M432_506, page 29 B, image 63. 72 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop. sch. p. 58, dwell. 434, fam. 470, entry for Ephraim, Jennet, and Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] and Sophia Armstrong. 73 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop. sch. p. 58, dwell. 434, fam. 470, entry for Ephraim, Jennet, and Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] and Sophia Armstrong. 74 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop. sch. p. 58, dwell. 434, fam. 470, entry for Ephraim, Jennet, and Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] and Sophia Armstrong. 75 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop. sch. p. 58, dwell. 434, fam. 470, entry for Ephraim, Jennet, and Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] and Sophia Armstrong. 76 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop. sch. p. 58, dwell. 434, fam. 470, entry for Ephraim, Jennet, and Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] and Sophia Armstrong. 77 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop. sch. p. 58, dwell. 434, fam. 470, Ephraim, Jennet, and Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] and Sophia Armstrong. 78 New York, State Census, 1855, index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/mm9.1.1/k6sk- HHC : accessed 15 Aug 2013), Stephen R. Mabb, entry under Ephram [Ephraim] Mabb. 79 Ibid. 1855 State census, New York, Stephen R. Mabb, entry under Ephram [Ephraim] Mabb. 80 Ibid. 1855 State census, New York, Stephen R. Mabb, entry under Ephram [Ephraim] Mabb. 81 Ibid. 1855 State census, New York, Stephen R. Mabb, entry under Ephram [Ephraim] Mabb. 82 Ibid. 1855 State census, New York, Stephen R. Mabb, entry under Ephram [Ephraim] Mabb. 83 Ibid. 1855 State census, New York, Stephen R. Mabb, entry under Ephram [Ephraim] Mabb. 8

reported to have the middle initial of R., and is also living consistently with the same parents, in the same county and state. Another type of census, the United States Census Mortality Schedule 1850-1885 84, revealed a George A. Mabb 85, who was born in 1856 86 and died in 1860 87. The census did not include the parent s name but it does say George died aged three, in Northampton, Fulton, New York 88. This Mortality Schedule reported that the three-year-old male child had died from scarlet fever 89. Fulton County, New York, is the correct geographic region where Ephraim and Jennet were living in the mid-1800s, and the child does bear the Mabb surname, so in all likelihood, George is probably their son, but at this point there is no direct connection. A Mortality Schedule is a census that reports deaths that occurred within the twelve months prior to the enumeration date of a federal census. In this case, George had died January 27, 1860 90 and the Federal Census was not enumerated until July 26, 1860 91, so he was included in a Mortality Schedule and not the Federal Census. A further look for George A. Mabb in findagrave.com 92 discovered that he was buried at the King Cemetery, in Northampton, Fulton, New York 93. Luckily, a photograph of the grave marker did name his parents: Ephraim and Jennet H. Mabb 94, and it was engraved that he died at age three years, 6 months and 21 days 95. George s grave stone offers greater details than the Mortality Schedule, and with a more personal touch. George s parents here find a way to express the sadness in the loss of their son by engraving exactly how many years, months and days of his life that they shared with him. This is a fine example of just how important grave markers can be in telling the living a story about that person. So here we learn precisely about one of our Mabb ancestors great grand uncle George A. Mabb, who was born on July 6, 1856 and died January 27, 1860, the son of Ephraim and Jennet H. Mabb 96 and brother of Stephen Rowland. Along with Olive M., and Charles H., as the siblings of Stephen R., we now add one more child, George A., to the family group, even though George is sadly only with the Mabb family for a little over three short years. 84 New York State Education Department, Office of Cultural Education; Albany, New York; U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880; Archive Roll Number: M3; Census Year: 1860; Census Location: Northampton, Fulton, New York; Line: 5; digital image, cited from Ancestry.com (http:www.ancestry.com : accessed 28 September 2013). 85 Ibid. U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880, George A. Mabb. 86 Ibid. U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880, George A. Mabb. 87 Ibid. U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880, George A. Mabb. 88 Ibid. U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880, George A. Mabb. 89 Ibid. U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880, George A. Mabb. 90 Ibid. U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, New York, 1850-1880, George A. Mabb. 91 1860 U.S. census, Fulton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton Post Office, p. 1, dwelling 737, families 774, Ephraim Mabb family, digital image by subscription, Ancestry.com (http:www.ancestry.com : accessed 28 September 2013); citing from the National Archives microfilm M653, 1,438 rolls. 92 Ancestry.com. Web: New York, Find A Grave Index, 1660-2012 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.Original data: findagrave.com (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi: accessed 28 September 2013). George A. Mabb. Find A Grave Memorial# 76875819. 93 Ibid.Ancestry.com citing Find A Grave.com, for George A. Mabb, Grave Memorial # 76875819. 94 Ibid.Ancestry.com citing Find A Grave.com, for George A. Mabb, Grave Memorial # 76875819. 95 Ibid.Ancestry.com citing Find A Grave.com, for George A. Mabb, Grave Memorial # 76875819. 96 Ibid.Ancestry.com citing Find A Grave.com, for George A. Mabb, Grave Memorial # 76875819. 9

According to the findagrave.com transcriber, in 1930, this grave was moved from Denton s Corners to Section L, due to flooding for the Sacandaga Reservoir 97. George had been originally buried at the Denton s Corners Cemetery, but was exhumed and reinterred at the King Cemetery, in order to make way during the urbanization process of the growing region. Actually, this was a large-scale project of reinternments from Denton s Corner to King s Cemetery, in order to make way for a new reservoir. Pioneer and small rural cemeteries easily fall victim to urbanization as city planners seize land considered valuable to them. Rural and small scale burial grounds are viewed as static places that serve little purpose in the larger picture of the city landscape. These types of changes made to pioneer cemeteries have great ramifications in losing the historical construct of early American ancestral burial grounds. The grave stones have so much to tell us about the early settlers buried there. During the reinternment process graves become vulnerable in several ways. First, in a new location the original orientation of burial placement, family members might become separated after the fact, during the act of reinternment. This action would invalidate grave markers as reliable evidence for historians, genealogists, as well as misrepresenting the original burial intentions of the family. Plus pioneer grave markers, hundreds of years old, tend to be quiet fragile due to environmental impact (trees roots and ground movement), weather, and occasional vandalism, so the act of moving them could further damage or even destroy valuable evidence engraved about the individual. In the 1860 United States Federal Census 98, the Ephraim Mabb family is still residing in Northampton, Fulton, New York 99 and the family has added yet another son, John Mabb 100. In the order of birth, the Mabb children are now aged: Stephen, eleven; Olive, nine; Charles H.; six and John, 11 months 101. The age of Stephen is becoming more reliable in accordance with birth dates from other sources, that being around 1848. Ephraim s occupation is listed as being a mason 102. During the 1870 United States Federal Census 103, Jennet is listed as Janet Mabb, age 40, living in Northampton, Fulton, New York 104, along with two of her sons Charles, age 16, and John, age 10 105. Jennet s occupation is listed as keeping home 106, and Ephraim is no longer 97 Ibid.Ancestry.com citing Find A Grave.com, for George A. Mabb, Grave Memorial # 76875819. 98 1860 U.S. census, Fulton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton Post Office, page 507, dwelling 737, family 774, entry for Ephraim Mabb, Jennet Mabb, Stephen Mabb, Olive Mabb, Charles H. Mabb, John Mabb. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 July 2013), citing from NARA microfilm publication M653, roll 755. 99 Ibid. 1860 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 507, dwell. 737, fam. 774, entry for Ephraim Mabb family. 100 Ibid. 1860 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 507, dwell. 737, fam. 774; John Mabb, entry under Ephraim Mabb. 101 Ibid. 1860 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 507, dwell. 737, fam. 774, entry under Ephraim Mabb. 102 Ibid. 1860 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 507, dwell. 737, fam. 774, entry under Ephraim Mabb. 103 1870 U.S. census, Fulton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton Post Office, page 277A (stamped), dwelling 150, family 170, Janet Mabb, Charles Mabb, John Mabb. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 26 August 2013) citing from NARA microfilm publication M593, roll 938. 104 Ibid. 1870 U.S census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. Sch. Northampton P.O., p.277a (stamped), dwell. 150, fam. 170, entry under Janet Mabb. 105 Ibid. 1870 U.S census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. Sch. Northampton P.O., p.277a (stamped), dwell. 150, fam. 170, entry under Janet Mabb. 10

listed as living with her in this census. This record indicates that Ephraim may have died sometime after the 1860 enumeration date and prior to the enumeration on June 16, 1870 107. Since he is not listed on a mortality schedule, we know he did not die within the twelve months prior to June 16, 1870. So if he had died it would have been between the years1861 to 1868. It is possible he was living elsewhere such as at a job site, since we know his occupation was that as a mason. Divorce is a slim option, as it was not commonly practiced in the 1800s. For whatever the reason, Ephraim is no longer enumerated with Jennet and their children. In this census, Stephen and Olive are also not listed as living with Jennet, but we have no reason to believe either of them is deceased because we know that Stephen does not die until 1917; Stephen and Olive, as young adults, have probably gone onto establish residences elsewhere. By 1880, the United States Federal Census 108 names Jennet H., age 49, with a new surname of Warner 109. Still living with Jennet, in Northampton, Fulton, New York 110, was the two sons from her marriage to Ephraim, viz. Charles H. Mabb, age 26, and John S. Mabb, age 20 111. In this census another son has been added to Jennet s family: Hugh Warner who is age 7 112. Obviously, Jennet had remarried a Warner, but since she is listed as head of household and widowed 113, this second husband must have died sometime after their son Hugh was born which was around 1872-3, and before the 1880 census was taken on June 29th 114. At the time of this writing Jennet s second husband s first name is unknown. The Ephraim and Jennet Mabb family is clearly established in a specific geographic area of Fulton County, in New York, and are most often recorded as living in Northampton. Further research is needed to determine if they owned land and property in Northampton. Since Stephen is not enumerated in either the 1870 or the 1880 censuses, it is probable that it was during this time frame when he began making his migration to the Missouri area, especially knowing that he is recorded as living there when he married Hattie in 1882. 106 Ibid. 1870 U.S census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. Sch. Northampton P.O., p.277a (stamped), dwell. 150, fam. 170, entry under Janet Mabb. 107 Ibid. 1870 U.S census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. Sch. Northampton P.O., p.277a (stamped), dwell. 150, fam. 170, entry under Janet Mabb. 108 1880 U.S. census, Fulton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton Post Office, p. 47 (stamped), dwelling 457, family 514, Jennet H. Warner, Hugh Warner, Charles H. Mabb, John S. Mabb. Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 27 June 2013), citing from NARA microfilm publication T9, roll 834, page 288C, enumeration district 013. 109 Ibid. 1880 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 47 (stamped), dwell. 457, fam. 514, entry for Warner and Mabb. 110 Ibid. 1880 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 47 (stamped), dwell. 457, fam. 514, entry for Warner and Mabb. 111 Ibid. 1880 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 47 (stamped), dwell. 457, fam. 514, entry for Warner and Mabb. 112 Ibid. 1880 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 47 (stamped), dwell. 457, fam. 514, entry for Warner and Mabb. 113 Ibid. 1880 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 47 (stamped), dwell. 457, fam. 514, entry for Warner and Mabb. 114 Ibid. 1880 U.S. census, Fulton Co., NY, pop. sch., Northampton P.O., p. 47 (stamped), dwell. 457, fam. 514, entry for Warner and Mabb. 11

Armstrong Family Bible and Compiled Family Trees from Ancestry.com While searching for any Ephraim and Jennet Mabb s under the compiled family trees on Ancestry.com, there is one very interesting entry in a family Bible that includes a Jennet Mabb. The Ebenezer Armstrong Bible 115 reports that a Jennet Mabb 116, listed under births, was born on July 29, 1830 117. There are no other Mabb s listed in this Bible and there is no reason at this point to think she is an Armstrong because Jennet is listed as a Mabb under the category of births. But if you recall, in the 1850 U.S. Federal Census, there was a William and Sophia Armstrong 118 living with Ephraim and Jennet. So there could be a possible connection to the Armstrong name, even if only a vague one, at this point. The original owners of this family Bible were Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong (1819-1903) and Ruth Eliza Potter (1820-1865) 119. Forty-eight days after the death of his first wife, Ebenezer married Martha (Warner) Crowter (1840-1915), on December 18, 1865 120. Thus, these Bible entries list the births, marriages and deaths that are closely associated with Ebenezer and his first and second wives, Ruth Eliza and Martha. It is a valid point to remember, that the vital statistics documented in this Bible would have begun sometime after September 1, 1838, when Ebenezer and Ruth were first married. The Bible may have even been purchased at a later date if money was an issue for its purchase, especially during the early years of the first marriage. It could have been a gift at the first marriage or even the second. Or the Bible may have possibly been acquired sometime during the second marriage. To my knowledge there is no dedication date as to when the Armstrong s actually began recording their family history in their Bible. Some of the dates entered are dates that happened prior to 1838, dates based upon a memory of the event, such as the entry for the births of his parents, Jennet and even Ebenezer himself, as he would have no memory of his own birth event. But these vital statistic entries are based on personal knowledge known to this family. So why is Jennet Mabb named in this Bible (written as Jennet )? Could there be a relationship between Jennet and Ebenezer? Does the middle name Rowland share a familial connection between her firstborn and this Ebenezer, or is this just a coincidence? 115 Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, 1838-1943. The Holy Bible (unknown version), Births, Marriages, Deaths ; privately held by James and Suzanne Armstrong, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,]; this is a transcribed photo copy posted on Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 September 2012), entry for birth Jennet H. Mabb. 116 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, Births. 117 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, Births. 118 1850 U.S. census, Fulton County, New York, population schedule, Mayfield, p. 58, dwelling no. 434, family no. 470, Ephraim Mabb, Jennet Mabb, Stephen Mabb, Wm [William] Armstrong, Sophia Armstrong; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 July 2013); citing NARA microfilm publication M432, roll 506, page 29 B, image 63. 119 Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, 1838-1943. The Holy Bible (unknown version), Births, Marriages, Deaths ; privately held by James and Suzanne Armstrong, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,]; a transcribed photo copy posted on Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 September 2012), entry for marriage of Ebenezer Armstrong and Ruth Eliza Potter. 120 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, entry for marriage of Ebenezer Armstrong and Martha (Warner) Crowter. 12

The Armstrong Bible tells us that Ebenezer s father was Milton Armstrong, born October 21, 1792 and died December 26, 1876 121 and his mother Rhoby Armstrong, who was born August 26, 1796 and died June 7, 1870 122. There is no indication what Rhoby s maiden name was in the Bible, but the War of 1812 Pension Application Files Index, 1812-1815 123 tells us that Milton and Rhoby were married on October 4, 1815, in Galway, Saratoga, New York 124 and that her maiden name was Green 125. Oddly, the Armstrong Bible does not have an entry for Milton and Rhoby s marriage. Also, there is no William and Sophia Armstrong listed under marriages in this Bible. But there is a William H. Armstrong, reported to have married Betsy Conlin, December 24, 1862 126. The entry for William H. Armstrong 127, who is identified by the current owners of the Bible, as Ebenezer and Ruth s son, is listed as being born April 15, 1840 128. This William H. Armstrong could not have been the William Armstrong living with the Mabb s during the 1850 census for two reasons: first, he would have only been aged ten during the 1850 census where that William is reportedly 23 years of age, and second, according to the Bible birth entries, William H. would have to be ten years younger than Jennet, and in the 1850 census, they are stated as being four years apart, and he being older than she. Additionally, there is little reason to believe that Ebenezer s ten year old son would be living with the Mabb family in 1850. The empirical data creating a timeline between the Mabb s and Armstrong s seems quite lacking until reading a notation made in the Armstrong Bible. This special notation is made by the transcribers and current owners 129 of the Armstrong Bible that holds a possible clue for Ephraim s absence in the 1870 census. It states: Martha (Warner) Crowter [or Crouter] married Ebenezer Armstrong after her first husband, John D. Crowter [or Crouter], died of battle wounds received in the Civil War, during a battle at Sutherland Station, Virginia, on April 2, 1865. Ebenezer s first wife, Ruth Eliza Potter, died in November of 1865. Then, Ebenezer married Martha (Warner) Crowter [or Crouter] in December of 1865. It is assumed, but not yet proven, that Ebenezer Armstrong adopted Martha s two sons she had with John Crowter [or Crouter], Arthur E. and James E., as they are always listed with the surname of Armstrong in the family records 130. 121 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, entry for birth and death of Milton Armstrong. 122 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, entry for birth and death of Rhoby Armstrong. 123 War of 1812 Pension Application Files Index, 1812-1815, database, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 26 August 2013), entry for Milton Armstrong and Rhoby Green, New York. 124 Ibid. War of 1812 Pension Application Files Index, 1812-1815, database, Ancestry.com, entry for Milton Armstrong and Rhoby Green, New York. 125 Ibid. War of 1812 Pension Application Files Index, 1812-1815, database, Ancestry.com, entry for Milton Armstrong and Rhoby Green, New York. 126 Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, 1838-1943. The Holy Bible (unknown version), Births, Marriages, Deaths ; privately held by [NAME and ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,] photo copy posted on Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 1 September 2012), entry for marriage of William H. Armstrong to Betsy Conlin. 127 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, entry for birth of William H. Armstrong. 128 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, entry birth of William H. Armstrong. 129 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, Births, Marriages, Deaths. 130 Ibid. Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, Births, Marriages, Deaths. 13

From this quote, we can see that the Civil War has now reared its ugly head and this could be an explanation for Ephraim s disappearance in the 1870 census. Because of this, a search for Ephraim Mabb in Fold3.com was necessary. If Ephraim had served during the war, his records might be found there, and his service record would help pinpoint what had happened to him. Did he die from a non-war related illness or accident, or as a result of the war? Civil War Pension Application and Affidavits from Fold3.com An exceptional discovery came from a multitude of Civil War pension-related documents, which absolutely establishes who Stephen Rowland Mabb s parents were, who his siblings were, and where they were from. Beginning with Widow s Certificate Number 99152 131 for Ephraim Mabb, it details that he was part of Company K, Regiment 11, a soldier in the Connecticut Volunteers, Infantry division 132. The document names the minor children of this soldier as: Olive M., Charles H. and John S. Mabb 133, and that Jennet Mabb is representing them as their legal guardian 134. Stephen s name is not included on this particular application because he is over the age of sixteen, so he was not classified as a minor. As we have previously seen in the 1850, 1855, 1860, and 1870 censuses, the children named in the censuses are the same as those in this Widow s Certificate, viz. Olive M., Charles H., and John S. Mabb. Jennet is hereby seeking approval for pension monies for her children who are under the age of sixteen, after her husband Ephraim, had died in the line of service to the United States in the War of 1861. During our early American history, our ancestors were much far less mobile then we are today. They were tied down between the responsibilities of their farms, families, and the real life struggles for survival. Communication was curtailed due to financial burden and rudimentary communication devices such as the telegraph, pony or stage express. For the most part, people barely knew how to read or write and merely signed their name with an X. It was often difficult or even impossible for individuals to make the journey to the county courthouse to record their vital records. Back then recording and filing of births, marriages, and deaths was not compulsory at the county courthouse level, as it is today. So Bibles were elevated as recordkeeping repositories, including other recording methods, such as a justice-of-the-peace or minister s personal record books. Typically vital statistics were recorded as a note or memorandum at the local level, by the justice-of-the-peace or the minister who presided over the ceremony or event. In Jennet s case she lacked court documentation of her marriage, so she was forced to go through a series of litigation hurdles in order to establish her legal standing as the mother of Ephraim s legitimate and living children. It will be through these Civil War legalities that a family history surfaces between the Mabb and Armstrong family, as these two families will come to be forever intertwined in history 131 Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861-ca. 1910, digital images, Fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : accessed 2 July 2013); Ephraim Mabb (Co. K, 11 th, CT, Inf.) index card; imaged from Widow s Pensions Certificate Application WC99152. 132 Ibid. Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, 1861-1910, database, www.fold3.com, entry for Ephraim Mabb and widow, Jennet Mabb, New York. 133 Ibid. Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, 1861-1910, database, www.fold3.com, entry for Ephraim Mabb and widow, Jennet Mabb, New York. 134 Ibid. Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, 1861-1910, database, www.fold3.com, entry for Ephraim Mabb and widow, Jennet Mabb, New York. 14

through Ephraim and Jennet and echoing on through William Lee and his brothers and sisters, their children and onto future generations of Mabb s. Jennet has made application as guardian for pension and an increase of pension for her children, which was founded on 146 H. R. 692: an act authorizing the pensions of widows and orphans and for other purposes which was first approved by Congress on July 14, 1862 and increasing the amount on July 25, 1866 135. Following next, I will introduce a series of affidavits, witnesses testimonials, Civil War papers, the Armstrong Bible, and other documents that will bring the Mabb family back to full circle and answer this papers objective: to discover who were the ancestors of William Lee and Charles Everett Mabb, and where did they originate from. I will mention that Ephraim is often found in these documents spelled as Ephriam or Ephram and Jennet is also encircled with multiple inconsistencies (along the same line as spellings for Charles Everett and Mellie Cecil). For the purpose of this paper, I have elected to spell Ephraim as such, which is based upon the spelling of his name on his veteran s tombstone which is located in Hopewell, Virginia, City Point National Cemetery 136. I will use Jennet as this, because this is how it appears in the Armstrong family Bible, plus from her signature on one of the affidavits, and yes, under historical and genealogical analysis, she is directly related as the sister of Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong, and daughter of Milton and Rhoby Armstrong. Establishing Legal Proof of the Marriage between Ephraim Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong William H. Carr was the presiding minister over the marriage between Ephraim and Jennet, and he filed their marriage as a memorandum in his private record books and not at the county courthouse. In this 1866 affidavit, Carr corroborates his role as minister at the Mabb- Armstrong union and how he recorded the event: In a private memorandum of said marriage at the time thereof that the said record is in the following words and figures viz. Edinburgh, New York, September 8, 1847, Ephraim Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong were married at the home of Milton Armstrong 137. So in 1866, Carr is confirming for the purpose of Jennet s pension application, that in 1847, he personally married Ephraim Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong and that he recorded the event as legally prescribed by the laws of Fulton County, New York, during the mid-1800s - in his private notebook. Ebenezer had never recorded the marriage in his Bible, so the only surviving record of their marriage is in Carr s private memorandum notebook or in the memories of the guests present at their wedding ceremony. 135 http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=f60612f83859107b93c0a91783d85f428684f9, accessed : 29 August 2013. 136 Ancestry.com. Hopewell, Virginia, City Point National Cemetery, 1866-2010 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2011. 137 Albany County, New York, Civil War Widow s Pensions Record (1866), digital image of application of Jennet H. Mabb, widow of Ephraim Mabb (Co. K, 11 th, CT, Inf.); affidavit pertaining to private record or memorandum, by William H. Carr, presiding minister of marriage on 8 September 1847 between Ephriam Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong, www.fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : accessed 2 July 2013, page12), citing NARA publication Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861- ca. 1910. Transcribed by Beverly Mabb-Morten. 15

While Ebenezer put many known facts about the family in his Bible, he lacks an entry for Ephraim s birth, marriage or death date. Actually, as I will show in this paper, Ebenezer missed several personal recording of his family s activities, such as his brother Levi s vital statistics, or that of his sister Caroline. One would think that such an important event as a sister s wedding, or death of her spouse, or birth of nieces and nephews, would be immediately updated in the family Bible, but Ebenezer did not do so. But it can now be verified that Jennet was acquainted in some form with this particular Armstrong family, especially since she was recorded as being married in the home of Milton Armstrong. Weddings in the 1800s were far less formal then today and were usually held in the father of the bride s home. Other affidavits will be introduced that make further connections between Jennet, Milton and Ebenezer. In a second affidavit made by Reverend Mr. Carr, he again reiterates that he was the authorized minister of the Gospel who married the Ephraim and Jennet and validating her maiden name was Armstrong. Carr states: I do hereby certify that I am a minister of the Gospel and was on the 8 th day of September A.D. 1847 that I then resided at Northampton in the county of Fulton, New York. That I was and am acquainted with Ephraim Mabb and Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb his wife. That said Ephraim Mabb and Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb did on the 8 th day of September 1847 appear before me at Northampton aforesaid and were by me at said time and place duly limited in marriage according to law. That I was authorized to perform marriage ceremonies. That said Jennett s [Jennet s] name before marriage was Jennett [Jennet] H. Armstrong. That I am now Chaplain in the United Sates service of the 4 th Regiment New York Artillery at camp near Patrick s Station, Virginia. Signed, William H. Carr, Chaplin 4 th N.Y Arty. 138 The next affidavit is of a genealogical importance because of the identity of one of the witnesses representing Jennet s legal interests associated with the pension. This sworn statement is made by no other than Ebenezer R. Armstrong, himself. Clearly, in some station of life, Jennet is associated with Ebenezer, as he has represented himself in some capacity in a legal relationship to her. Further research needs to be done to verify exactly who this Caroline M. Moore is; there is a Caroline M. Armstrong listed under births and deaths in the Armstrong Bible 139 and this may indicate Caroline is his sister. Ebenezer does not list any marriage associated with Caroline so it is unclear if she ever married or that is the same Caroline named in this affidavit. Just as Ebenezer has listed Jennet as a Mabb in the birth entry, he may again just have neglected recording Caroline s married name under her death entry. The date of Jennet s marriage in 1847, and the date of her birth in 1830, indicates that she was married at age 17, 138 Albany County, New York, Civil War Widow s Pensions Record (1866), digital image of application of Jennet H. Mabb, widow of Ephraim Mabb (Co. K, 11 th, CT, Inf.); affidavit pertaining to private record or memorandum, by William H. Carr, presiding minister of marriage on 8 September 1847 between Ephriam Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong, www.fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : accessed 2 July 2013, page 15), citing NARA publication 300020, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain Civil War, ca. 1861-ca. 1934. 139 Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, 1838-1943. The Holy Bible (unknown version), Births, Marriages, Deaths ; privately held by James and Suzanne Armstrong, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,]; a transcribed photo copy posted on Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 September 2012), entry for birth of Caroline M. Armstrong, 15 June 1833. 16

which is in agreement with how long Ebenezer claims he has known Jennet. Ebenezer declares in this affidavit: Also personally appeared Caroline M. Moore and Ebenezer R. Armstrong (emphasis mine) residents of Northampton county of Fulton New York persons whom I certify to be respectable and entitled to credit and who being by me duly sworn say that they were present and saw said Jennet H. Mabb sign her name to the foregoing declaration and they further swear that they have every reason to believe from the appearance of the applicant and their acquaintance with her that she is the identical person she represents herself and that they have no interest in the prosecution of this claim. That they and each of them are and have been well acquainted with said Ephraim Mabb and Jennet H. Mabb for the term of seventeen years. That they were married by Rev. Wm. H. Carr at Northampton, New York, on the 8 th day of September AD 1847. That they and each of them were present at said marriage and saw said marriage ceremonies performed. That they have lived together as husband and wife ever since said marriage and been received and acknowledged as such. That [illegible] since the death of said Ephraim she has remained his widow. Signed, Caroline M. Moore and Ebenezer R. Armstrong. 140 Under analysis of the data thus far, it has been established that Jennet is acquainted with Ebenezer and Milton Armstrong. Yet there is nothing more than circumstantial evidence to indicate that their affiliation could be classified as lineal consanguineous. But evidence exists that Jennet Armstrong and Ephraim Mabb were married at Milton Armstrong s home and that Ebenezer and Caroline were in attendance to the event. American wedding customs of 1847 strongly suggest that this marriage would have taken place in the father of the bride s home and with a small gathering of family in attendance, such as brothers, sisters and parents of the bride and groom. If this wedding tradition is applied to Jennet, Milton could easily be her father and Ebenezer and Caroline her siblings. The following affidavits will disclose several individuals as witnesses to the births of Ephraim and Jennet s children and additionally are named in the Armstrong Bible. The collections of statements will satisfy the standard of proof required by the government for establishing Jennet s legal standing as the guardian of Ephraim s only legitimate and living children. But first, Jennet must prove she had legally remarried after Ephraim s death. After she shows proof of this second marriage, the evidence will return to the identification of Jennet and Ephraim s living children, their date and place of birth. The analysis of the evidence will clearly define the lineage of Ephraim and Jennet Mabb as the progenitors of Stephen, which in turn will continue on in the future with Charles, William Mabb, and future descendants. I do hereby certify that on the fifteenth day of May 1866, at the house of Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb in said town of Northampton, Alanson Greenslete and Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb of the town of Northampton aforesaid were with their mutual 140 Albany County, New York, Civil War Widow s Pensions Record (1866), digital image of application of Jennet H. Mabb, widow of Ephraim Mabb (Co. K, 11 th, CT, Inf.); affidavit pertaining witnesses Ebenezer Armstrong and Caroline Moore, to marriage on 8 September 1847 between Ephriam Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong, www.fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : accessed 2 July 2013, page 15), citing NARA publication Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861-ca. 1910. 17

consent lawfully joined together in holy matrimony which was solemnized by me in the presence of Caroline More [Moore?] of the said town of Northampton attesting witness. And I do further certify that she said Alanson Greenslete and Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb are known to me to be the persons described in this certificate that I ascertained previous to the solemnization of the said marriage that the parties were of sufficient age to contract the same and that after due inquiry by me made there appeared no lawful impediment to such marriage. Given under my hand this fifteenth day of May, 1866. Signed, Seth Cook, Justice of the Peace 141. There is a discrepancy between the spelling of Caroline Moore and Caroline More in these two affidavits, but the examples already presented in this paper show how easily names tend to get mangled during the 1800s; a reasonable conclusion is that these two Caroline s are one in the same. Being that Caroline attended both of Jennet s weddings indicates more than a causal relationship between the two, and again under analysis, I believe this denotes the fact that they are sisters. The Armstrong Bible does not specify Caroline M. Armstrong as being a daughter of Milton and Rhoby Armstrong 142 but considering that Caroline was living with Milton and Rhuba [Rhoby] Armstrong and is listed as their daughter in the 1850 United States Federal Census 143, a logical consideration is that she is sister to Jennet and Ebenezer. There are no federal censuses with Jennet and Alanson Greenslete together. Based on the information from the 1880 census where Jennet states she had a son, Hugh Warner, born between 1872 and 1873 144, this marriage to Greenslete could only have lasted from May 15, 1866 to sometime around 1868 or early 1869; Greenslete is not listed in the Mortality Schedule, so he is not reportedly to have died within the twelve months prior to the 1870 enumeration which took place on June 16th 145. In 1870, Jennet is listed as living only with her two sons by Ephraim, and is still using the last name of Mabb, and not that of Greenslete. Findagrave.com has an entry for an Alanson Greenslete, but this one was married to a woman named Nancy and his birth and death dates are out of sync with Jennet s vital statistics. If Jennet was divorced from Alanson, I have not found a record for it yet. There is a slim possibility of divorce because the marriage was so short-lived, there were no children born from this second marriage, and the 141 Albany County, New York, Civil War Widow s Pensions Record (1866), digital image of application of Jennet H. Mabb, widow of Ephraim Mabb (Co. K, 11 th, CT, Inf.); affidavit of witness Caroline Moore, to marriage on 8 September 1847 between Alanson Greenslete and Jennet H. Mabb, performed by Seth Cook, www.fold3.com (http://www.fold3.com : accessed 2 July 2013, page 15), citing NARA publication 300020, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861-1934. 142 Ebenezer Armstrong Family Bible Records, 1838-1943. The Holy Bible (unknown version), Births, Marriages, Deaths ; privately held by James and Suzanne Armstrong, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,]; a transcribed photo copy posted on Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 Sept 2012), entry for birth of Caroline M. Armstrong, 15 June 1833. 143 1850 United States Federal Census, database, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 Oct 2013), entry for Milton, Rhoby, Caroline Armstrong. 144 1880 United States Census, Ancestry.com citing from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org : access 31 Oct 2013), entry for Jennet Warner (age 49) and Hugh Warner (age7) p 288C, Northampton, New York, citing NARA film no. 1254834. 145 1870 Census, Northampton, Fulton, New York, population schedule. Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 31 Oct 2013), dwelling n. 150, family n. 170, entry for Janet [Jennet] Mabb; citing NARA microfilm publication M493_938; p. 277A; image 561; Family History Library Film 552437 18

fact Jennet retained her married name of Mabb, but again divorce was a rare option in the 1800s. No Civil War documents have surfaced pertaining to Alanson, so it does not look like he died as a result of the war. The nature of the next affidavit is Jennet H. Greenslete s marital status according to the justice-of-the-peace who performed the ceremony. In establishing her identity, Jennet must prove that she is legally married to Greenslete, as during this era, the government did not tolerate illegitimate children or a man and woman living together outside of the marriage bond. Seth Cook, attorney and justice-of-the-peace, attests to the following regarding Jennet Mabb: Jennett [Jennet] H. Greenslete, a resident of Northampton in the county of Fulton and state of New York who being duly sworn by me makes the following declaration in order to obtain the pension provided by the act of congress approved July 25, 1866, that she is the guardian of the following named children who were under sixteen years of age at the date of the passage of said act and were there living, viz. Olive M. Mabb, who was born at Edinburgh, Saratoga county New York, on the 17 th day of March 1851; Charles H. Mabb who was born at Edinburgh aforesaid on the 21 st day of February 1854; John S. Mabb who was born at Northampton, Fulton county New York on the 1 st day of August 1859. That said children are still living and are the only legitimate children under the age of 16 years of age, of Ephraim Mabb deceased who was a private in Company K, 11 th Regiment Connecticut volunteers in the War of 1861 and who died in the service of the United States, in hospital at or near Bermuda Hundred, Virginia on or about the 22 nd day of May 1864. That she was never before married and has no children but those of Ephraim Mabb and deponent. She further declares that, as the widow of said Ephraim Mabb, deceased, Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb she heretofore made application No. 5842. She further declares that she was on the 15 th day of May 1866 at Northampton New York married to Alanson Greenslete. Signed, Seth Cook, Esq. a justice of the peace 146. Fortunately, Seth Cook s affidavit chronicles multiple components about the Mabb family: names and places where the Mabb children were born, Ephraim s service record, place and date of his death, and Jennet s second marriage to Alanson Greenslete. Olive and Charles were both born in Edinburg which is where Jennet and Ephraim married. Because of this, the town of Edinburg could have been the place where they first met. Northampton is the town where most documents locate Jennet and Ephraim as residing at; they possibly could have owned land and property here. Continuing research is required to find this out. One person is left out of this affidavit Stephen Rowland Mabb but the following evidence will bring him back into the picture as a member of Jennet s family. This affidavit was signed by Jennet H. Mabb, and she here declares through her attorney the identities of all of her living children, including Stephen. She also expresses the fact that in order to establish a legally recognized marriage to Ephraim, it is imperative that she locate 146 Affidavit made by Jennet H. (Armstrong) (Mabb) Greenslete. Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 ca. 1910; online database Fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed 20 Nov 2013), citing NARA publication 3000200, Applications of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861-1934. 19

William Carr, Minister of the Gospel, as he is the only person who can supply the necessary evidence of her marriage: On this 23 rd day of July AD 1864 personally appeared before me county Judge of the county of Fulton being a Judge of the court of record of said county. Jennett [Jennet] H. Mabb a resident of Northampton in the county of Fulton and State of New York aged 34 who being first duly sworn according to law doth on her oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the provisions made by the Act of Congress approved July 14, 1862. That she is the widow of Ephraim Mabb deceased who was a private in Company K commanded by Captain Lewis in the 11 th Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers in the War of 1861 who died in the United States Service of chronic diarrhea at or near Bermuda Hundred Va., on the 22 nd day of May 1864. She further declares that she was married to the said Ephraim Mabb on the 8 th day of September 1847 at Northampton, Fulton county New York, by Rev. Wm. H. Carr. That her husband the aforesaid Ephraim Mabb died on the day above mentioned and that she has remained a widow ever since that period as will more fully after by reference to the proof hereto annexed. She also declares that she has not in any manner been engaged in or aided or abutted the rebellion in the United States. She further declares that the following are the names and ages of each and all of the children of said Ephraim Mabb and herself under sixteen years of age at the death of their father, viz. Edwin E. Mabb born on the 13 th day of June 1862. John S. Mabb born on the 1 st day of August 1859. Charles H. Mabb born on the 21 st day of February 1854. Olive M. Mabb born on the 17 th day of March 1851, and Stephen R. Mabb, born on the 23 rd day of October 1848. That my post office address is Osborn s Bridge Fulton county New York. That there is no record evidence of said marriage. That Rev. Wm. Carr is absent. That I don t know where he is in the Army and I cannot obtain his evidence. Signed, Jennet H. Mabb 147. A compare and contrast between Jennet s affidavit and Stephen R. Mabb s death certificate show agreement for Stephen being born on October 23. The only irregularity between the two documents is the year of his birth, which is possibly explained if Charles couldn t remember the year his father was born. During the 1800s and well into the early years of the 1900s, most people had very limited reading and writing skills, as I have said before, and they rarely had quick or easy access to legal documents such as birth, marriage and death certificates. For many, it is easy to remember the month and day a relative was born, married or died, but forget the actual year, especially decades after the event. It is arguable that Charles let the year his father was born to slip out of his memory decades later. The struggles to survive and raise his family were Charles paramount goals, so he probably just elected to guess at a ballpark figure for the year he reported his father was born; after all in the scheme of things who is going 147 Affidavit made by Jennet H. (Armstrong) (Mabb) Greenslete, entry for Stephen R., Olive M., Charles H., and John S. Mabb, living children of Ephraim Mabb. Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 ca. 1910; online database Fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed 20 Nov 2013), citing NARA publication 3000200, Applications of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861-1934. 20

to check for information accuracy? The guess he wrote down was 1859 when in actuality is was 1848. Witnesses to the next four affidavits are very significant because they are included in the Armstrong Bible. Again, it is not known if these individuals are solely of a blood-kinship or not; recordings in family Bibles generally tend to apply to direct-blood relations and their spouses, not friends or collateral consanguineous relatives. On this 15 th day of January 1867 before me personally came Wealtha Tanner (emphasis mine) and Desire Robertson residents of Northampton in the county of Fulton and state of New York whom I certify to be respectable and entitled to credit and who being by me severally duly sworn each for herself deposes and swears that she was well acquainted with Ephraim Mabb who was a private in Company K 11 th Connecticut Volunteers during his life time, now deceased, and was well acquainted with his wife Jennette [Jennet] H. Mabb (now Jennette [Jennet] H. Greenslete) that she knows Olive M. Mabb that she is a daughter of said Ephraim Mabb and Jennette [Jennet] H. Mabb. That said Olive was born on the 17 th day of March 1851. That deponents were present at the birth of said Olive M. Mabb and saw her born and have ocular knowledge of the fact and have no interest in this claim. Signed, Wealtha Tanner and Desire Robertson 148. On this 15 th day of January 1867 before me personally came Eliza Brewer and Betsy Bemore residents of Fulton county in the state of New York whom I certify to be respectable and entitle to credit who being by me duly (severally) sworn each for herself deposes and say that she was well acquainted with Ephraim Mabb who was a private in Company K 11 th Regiment Connecticut Volunteers during his life time (now deceased) and was well acquainted with his wife Jennette [Jennet] H. Mabb (now Jennette [Jennet] H. Greenslete) that she well knows Charles H. Mabb that he is a son of Ephraim and Jennette [Jennet] H. Mabb. That said Charles H. Mabb was born on the 21 st day of February 1854. That deponents were present at the birth of said Charles H. Mabb and saw him born, and have ocular knowledge of the fact and have no interest in this claim. Sign, Betsy Bemore and Eliza Brewer 149. On this 15 th day of January 1867 before me personally came Wealtha Tanner (emphasis mine) and Rhoby Armstrong (emphasis mine) residents of Fulton county New York whom I certify to be respectable and entitled to credit and who 148 Affidavit for Olive M. Mabb, attested by Wealtha Tanner and Desire Robertson. Case Files of Approved Pension Application of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 1934; www.fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed 29 Nov, 2013), citing NARA publication 300020, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861 1934. 149 Affidavit for Charles H. Mabb, attested by Eliza Brewer and Betsy Bemore. Case Files of Approved Pension Application of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 1934; www.fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed 20 Nov 2013), citing NARA publication 300020, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861 1934. 21

being by me [?] duly sworn did each for herself depose and swear that she well knew Ephraim Mabb during his life time (now deceased) who was a private in Company K 11 th Regiment Connecticut Volunteers. That she also well knew Jennette [Jennet] H. Mabb wife of said Ephriam (now Jennette [Jennet] H. Greenslete) that she also well knows John S. that said John S. Mabb is a son of Ephraim Mabb and said Jennette [Jennet] H. Mabb. That said John S. Mabb was born on the first day of August 1859. That deponents were present at the birth of said John S. Mabb and saw him born and have ocular knowledge of the fact and have no interest in this claim. Signed, Rhoby Armstrong and Wealtha Tanner. 150 On this 11 th day of March AD 1867 before me personally came Milton Armstrong (emphasis mine) and Caroline M. Greene residents of Northampton in the county of Fulton and State of New York whom I certify to be respectable and entitled to credit and who being by me duly sworn did severally depose and swear that they were and are well acquainted with Jennette H. Greenslete. That she was the widow of Ephriam Mabb, deceased, who was a private in Company K, 11 th Connecticut Volunteers in the War of 1861. That the said Ephraim and Jennette [Jennet] had five children the youngest one of whom was Edwin E. Mabb who was born at Northampton on the 13 th day of June 1862 and died at Northampton, Fulton county New York on the 14 th day of January 1865. That we were present and know from personal knowledge of the death of said Edwin E. Mabb and that we have no interest in this application. Signed, Milton Armstrong and Caroline M. Greene 151. Analysis and Conclusion from Affidavits The harmony between the testimonies made by these witnesses demonstrates some form of legal-capacity acquaintance with Jennet H. (Armstrong) Mabb, especially since they were willing to take the steps to lawfully record their personal knowledge about intimate details of Jennet s life. There has been no evidence to surface that directly states that Jennet was the daughter of Rhoby and Milton, or that she was Ebenezer s sister. But it has been revealed that Jennet was married in the home of Milton Armstrong. Jennet s first born son shares the same middle name as Ebenezer. Rhoby, Milton and Caroline Armstrong, Jennet, Wealtha Tanner, are each listed in the Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong Bible and all swear to being witnesses to Jennet 150 Affidavit for John S. Mabb, attested by Rhoby Armstrong and Wealtha Tanner. Case Files of Approved Pension Application of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 1934; www.fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed 20 Nov 2013), citing NARA publication 300020, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861 1934. 151 Affidavit for Edwin E. Mabb, attested by Milton Armstrong and Caroline M. Greene. Case Files of Approved Pension Application of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 1934; www.fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed 20 Nov 2013), citing NARA publication 300020, Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861 1934. 22

and Ephraim Mabb s marriage and the birth of their children. These 1850-1860s wedding and birth events are most often intimately shared among a small circle of close family members. Then there is the information Charles Everett Mabb declared on Stephen Rowland Mabb s death certificate concerning the October 23 rd birthdate and the birthplace of Broadalbin, New York, and the Social Security Application directly naming his father as Stephen Rowland Mabb. Even the name Charles is a repeat of one of Stephen s brother s names. I feel that these numerous independent facts presented in this paper support the conclusion that Jennet and Ephraim Mabb were the progenitors of our early American Mabb family. While a large portion of research is based on circumstantial evidence, I feel that the analysis of the data conclusively argues a sufficient affiliation from William Lee, Charles Everett Mabb, and Stephen Rowland Mabb to Ephraim and Jennet (Armstrong) Mabb, from Northampton, Fulton, New York. About the Union Soldier, Ephraim Mabb Ephraim Mabb mustered out of Coventry, Connecticut on March 11 th, in 1864. He was enlisted as a Private in Company K, 11 th Infantry Regiment Connecticut 152. Ephraim died May 22, 1864 from typhoid fever and was buried at City Point National Cemetery, 10 th Avenue and Davis Street Hopewell, Virginia, 23860, in Section B 153 Originally he had been buried at Point of Rocks, Virginia, but was later exhumed and moved to City Point National Cemetery; his Grave Number is 1255 154 As you can see Ephraim served his country as a Union soldier for only two months from the date of his enlistment to his death. In writing about the May 1864 military campaign at Bermuda Hundred, which resulted in the death of Ephraim Mabb, the National Park Service 155 describes the battle at Proctor s Creek, which is also known as Drewry s Bluff or Fort Darling: 156 The principal commanders were Major General Benjamin Butler [US] and Brigadier General Pierre Beauregard [CS]. The forces engaged in this military action were 57,000 (US: 39000 and CF: 18000). There was an estimated casualties of 4004 (US: 3004 and CF: 1000). 157 Description: After his repulse at Swift Creek and Fort Clifton on May 9, General Benjamin Butler withdrew into his entrenchments at Bermuda Hundred. A Confederate army of 18,000 was patched together under command of General P.G.T. Beauregard to confront Butler s 30,000. On May 12, Butler moved north against the Confederate line at Drewry s Bluff but again adopted a defensive posture when his attack was not supported by gunboats. On the 13 th a Union 152 Historical Data Systems, comp. American Civil War Soldiers [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 1999. Accessed: 2 Jul 2013. 153 National Cemetery Administration. U.S. Veterans Gravesites, ca. 1775-2006 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc. 2006. Accessed: 2 Jul 2013. 154 U. S. National Cemetery Interment Control Form, 1928-1962 for Ephraim Mabb. http://interactive.ancestry.com/print/2590/40479_2421401574_0448-03369/16741? Accessed: 2 Jul 2013. 155 http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?code=va053; accessed 2 Jul 2013. 156 http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?code=va053 157 Ibid. http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?code=va053 23

column struck the right flank of the Confederate line at the Wooldridge House, carrying a line of works. Butler remained cautious, however, giving Beauregard time to concentrate his forces. On May 16 at dawn, Ransom s Confederate division opened an attack on Butler s right flank, routing many units. Subsequent attacks lost direction in the fog, but the Federals were disorganized and demoralized. After severe fighting, Butler extricated himself from battle, withdrawing again to his Bermuda Hundred Line. This battle stopped Butler s offensive against Richmond 158. Results: Confederate Victory 159 In an affidavit pertaining to Ephraim s service to the United States, Captain E. H. Foote, who Ephraim served under declares: I do hereby certify that I now reside in Richmond Virginia; that I was Captain and Commanding Officer of Company K 11 th Connecticut Volunteers in the War of 1861; that Ephraim Mabb was a private of said company; that he was a resident of Northampton Fulton county New York; that he died in Field Hospital at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, on or about the 22 nd day of May 1864 of Typhoid Fever; that said disease was contracted in the U.S service and in the line of his duty; that it was caused and brought on by fatigue and exposure incident upon the regular discharge of his duty as a soldier; that said soldier was physically sound when he entered said service; that said disease was not induced by any personal habits on his part; that I have personal knowledge of all the above statements and that I have no interest in this application on behalf of the widow of said soldier for pension. Signed, E. H. Foote. 160 158 Ibid. http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?code=va053. 159 Ibid. http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?code=va053. 160 Case Files of Approved Pension Application of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 1934, affidavit for Ephraim Mabb, Company K, 11 th Regiment, Connecticut, Volunteer Infantry, application nu. WC99152. Fold3 (http://www.fold3.com: accessed November 20, 2013), citing NARA publication Case Files of Approved Pension Application of Widows and Other Veterans of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War With Spain, compiled 1861 1934. 24

FindaGrave.com at the King s Cemetery, Northampton, New York for our Mabb s and Armstrong s. Rhoby (Green) Armstrong Born: August 26, 1796 Died: June 11, 1872 King s Cemetery, Northampton, Fulton, New York Jennet H. Armstrong s mother George Mabb, son of Ephraim and Jennet H. Mabb. He died from scarlet fever at the age of 3 years, 6 months and 12 days. Reverend William H. Armstrong, son of Ebenezer and Ruth Armstrong. 25

Genealogical Summary 1. MILTON ARMSTRONG was born probably in Maine, on 21 October 1792 and died 26 December 1876, in Northampton, Fulton, New York. Milton Armstrong married in Galway, Saratoga, New York, on 4 October 1815, RHOBY GREEN. Milton served as a Private under Captain S. Havley and Captain Benjamin Miner Company, New York Militia, during the War of 1812. He later settled in Fulton County, New York, living first in Edinburgh, followed by a permanent residence in Northampton. Rhoby (Green) Armstrong is buried at King Cemetery in Northampton, Fulton, New York, in the L section, Denton s Corners. Children of Milton and Rhoby (Green) included: i. EBENEZER ROWLAND ARMSTRONG, b.17 February 1819, Fulton County, New York; m. (1) RUTH ELIZA POTTER; (2) MARTHA (CROWTER) (or Crouter) WARNER, in Fulton County, New York; d. 26 December 1876 in Northampton, Fulton, New York. ii. LEVI ARMSTRONG, b. 31 July 1825, in Fulton County, New York; m. PRUDENCE (possibly Dunaha); d. 23 September 1884 in Fulton, Gratiot, Michigan. iii. JENNET H. ARMSTRONG, b. 29 July 1830, Fulton County, New York; m. EPHRAIM MABB, on 8 September 1848, in Edinburgh, Saratoga, New York; d. (unknown), Northampton, Fulton, New York. iv. CAROLINE M. ARMSTRONG, b. 15 June 1833, Fulton County, New York; d. 12 December 1873, in Northampton, Fulton, New York. 2. EBENEZER ROWLAND ARMSTRONG was the son of Milton and Rhoby (Green) Armstrong. He was most likely born in Edinburg, Fulton, New York, on 17 February 1819. Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong married first, on 1 September 1838, RUTH ELIZA POTTER, who died 1 November 1865, in Fulton County, New York, and second, on 18 December 1865, MARTHA (CROWTER) (or CROUTER) WARNER. Ebenezer married Martha, whose husband, John D. Crowter (or Crouter), had died 2 April 1865, from battle wounds received in the Civil War during a battle at Sutherland Station, Virginia. Ebenezer is buried along with Ruth E. (Potter) Armstrong at King s Cemetery, Northampton, Fulton, New York, L section, Denton s Corners. Children of Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong and Ruth Eliza Potter included: i. WILLIAM HENRY ARMSTRONG, b. 15 April 1840, in Fulton County, New York; m. BETSY COLIN, 24 December 1862 d. 20 May 1879. William s profession was Minister of the Gospel. He is buried at King s Cemetery, in L Section, Denton s Corners. ii. RUTHELIA ADELINE ARMSTRONG, b. 29 April 1844, in Fulton County, New York; m. H. H. BROWER, 6 January 1865; d. 23 September 1868. She is buried at King s Cemetery in the Armstrong lot. iii. ETHAN THOMAS ARMSTRONG, b. 28 October 1846, in Fulton County, New York; d. 26 August 1865, 19 years old. He is buried at the King s Cemetery, L section, Denton s Corners. iv. JOHN WEAVER ARMSTRONG, b. 16 November 1849, in Fulton County, New York; m. CHARLOTTE A. REYNOLDS, 10 April 1871; d. (unknown). Children of Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong and Martha Crowter (or Crouter) Warner included: i. ARTHUR E. ARMSTRONG, b. 13 August 1860 (son of John Crowter (or Crouter) and Martha Warner); m. ADA M. MORRISON, 31 January 1884; d. 2 April 1943. It is assumed, but not yet proven that Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong adopted Martha s son. ii. JAMES E. ARMSTRONG, b. 30 May 1863 (son of John Crowter (or Crouter) and Martha Warner); m. WEALTHA F. TANNER, 15 January 1884; d. [unknown]. It is assumed, but not yet proven that Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong adopted Martha s son. 3. LEVI ARMSTRONG was the son of Milton and Rhoby (Green) Armstrong, b. 31 July 1825 in Fulton County, New York; m. PRUDENCE [possibly DUNAHA]; d. 23 September 1884, in Fulton, Gratiot, Michigan. Levi served the Union in the Civil War, Company Battery E., New York, 4 th Heavy Artillery Regiment. 26

Children of Levi Armstrong and Prudence (possibly Dunaha) included: i. HARRIET M. ARMSTRONG, b. around 1853, Northampton, Fulton, New York; d. 6 March 1862, Northville, Fulton, New York, nine years old. 4. JENNET H. ARMSTRONG was the daughter of Milton and Rhoby (Green) Armstrong. She was b. 30 July 1830, in Fulton County, New York. She married EPHRAIM MABB on 8 September 1848, in the Edinburgh, Saratoga, New York, at the home of Milton and Rhoby (Green) Armstrong, with Ebenezer Rowland and Caroline M. Armstrong in attendance. Ephraim Mabb was a Union soldier, serving Company K, 11 th Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, died from typhoid fever, at a field hospital at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia. Children of Jennet H. Armstrong and Ephraim Mabb included: i. STEPHEN ROWLAND MABB, b. 23 October 1848, in Broadalbin, Fulton, New York; m. HATTIE CROWDER 17 December 1882, in Milan, Sullivan, Missouri; d. 17 February 1917, in Johnson, Washington, Missouri, from Typhoid Fever. He was buried at the Kimberlin Cemetery in Johnson, Washington, Missouri. ii. OLIVE M. MABB, b. 17 March 1851, in Edinburgh, Saratoga, New York; m. probably MATTHEW WARNER; d. (unknown). iii. CHARLES H. MABB, b. 21 February 1854, in Edinburgh, Saratoga, New York; m. (unknown); d. (unknown). iv. GEORGE A. MABB, b. 6 July 1856, in Northampton, Fulton, New York; d. 27 January 1860, in Northampton, Fulton, New York, from Scarlet Fever, age three years old. He is buried at the King Cemetery, in Northampton, Fulton, New York, in L section, Denton s Corners. v. JOHN S. MABB, b. 1 August 1859, in Northampton, Fulton, New York; m. (unknown); d. (unknown). vi. EDWIN E. MABB, b. 13 June 1862, in Northampton, Fulton, New York; d. 14 January 1865, in Northampton, Fulton, New York, age three years old. He may have been buried at King s Cemetery, Northampton, Fulton, New York. Children of Jennet H. (Armstrong) (Mabb) Warner and Unknown Warner included: i. HUGH WARNER, b. around 1872, in Northampton, Fulton, New York; m. (unknown); d. (unknown). 5. STEPHEN ROWLAND MABB was the son of Ephraim Mabb and Jennet Armstrong, b. 23 October 1849, in Broadalbin, Fulton, New York; m. HATTIE CROWDER, on 17 December 1882, in Milan, Sullivan, Missouri. He migrated from New York to Missouri prior to his marriage in 1882. Stephen Rowland Mabb, d. 17 February 1917, in Johnson, Washington, Missouri, from Typhoid Fever. He was buried at the Kimberlin Burial Grounds in Washington County, Missouri. Children of Stephen Rowland Mabb and Hattie Crowder included: i. CHARLES EVERETT MABB, b. 13 April 1885, in Springfield, Sullivan, Illinois; m. MELLIE CECIL JULIA Record, 1 November 1911, in Algire, Sullivan, Missouri; d. 25 August 1963, in Alton, Madison, Illinois. 6. CHARLES EVERETT MABB was the son of Stephen Rowland Mabb and Hattie Crowder. He was b. 13 April 1885, in Springfield, Sullivan, Missouri; Charles Everett Mabb m. MELLIE CECIL JULIA RECORD, on 1 November 1911, in Algire, Sullivan, Missouri. Charles d. 25 August 1962, in Alton, Madison, Illinois and is buried next to his wife at the Valhalla Memorial Park, in Godfrey, Illinois. Children of Charles Everett Mabb and Mellie Cecil Julia Record included: 27

i. CLARENCE MABB, b. 17 October 1912, in Sullivan County, Missouri; m. JESSICA JESSIE MUELLER; d. 26 October 1997, in Golden, Jefferson, Colorado. ii. KATHERINE ALLIE Mabb, b. 19 January 1915, Sullivan County, Missouri; m. HENRY KRIEG; d. 28 October 2004, Belleville, St. Clair, Illinois. They never had children together, but Henry has children from a prior marriage. iii. DOROTHY M. MABB, b. 8 April 1917, Sullivan County, Missouri; m. MARSHALL OTT; d. 16 August 1991, in Kern, Kern, California. They never had children. iv. BEULAH F. MABB, b. 3 September 1919, Illinois; m. GEORGE MUELLER; d. 5 December 1996, Alton, Madison, Illinois. They never had children. George and Jessica Mueller were brother and sister. v. DEAN MARVIN MABB, b. 6 August 1921, in Greene County, Missouri; m. (1) Juanita Kelley and (2) Beller; d. 2 June 194, in Cottage Hills, Madison, Illinois. vi. WILLIAM LEE MABB, b. 15 March 1924; m. MILDRED FRANCES THALIMER, 2 July 1948, Yuma, Yuma, Arizona; d. 7 October 1989, Arcadia, Los Angeles, California. vii. JULIA RUTH MABB, b. 1 July 1927, probably in Roodhouse, Madison, Illinois; m. (1) Davidson; (2) Loker; d. 11 January 1992. A facsimile of a transcription from the Armstrong Family Bible 161 ARMSTRONG FAMILY BIBLE (Handed down from Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong s family) As transcribed from the original document by [names withheld for private use] ** ( ) - Denotes clarifications made by researcher(s) Bible First page Marriages: Ebenizer Rowland Armstrong was married [married] to Ruth Eliza Potter September the first 1838 ** (Bible owners) Cornelus Hammon was married to Fanny Cordelia Potter September the 22 1841 Charles S Potter was married [married] to Milo Dunning December the 2 1852 Ebenizer Rowland Armstrong was maride [married] to Martha Crouter Dec 18 1865 ** (maiden: Warner) Arthur E Armstrong was married to Jessie M Gibson Sept. 27. 1920 ** (2 nd wife-maiden: Parks) William H Armstrong was married to Betsy Conlin Dec the 24 1862 ** (son of Ebenizer & Ruth) Ruthelia A Armstrong was maried [married] to H H Brower Jan 6 1865 ** (daughter of Ebenizer & Ruth) John W Armstrong was maried [married] to Charlotte A Reynolds Apr 10=1871 ** (son of Ebenizer & Ruth) 161 Ancestry.com. Compiled Family Trees: Perry/Armstrong Family Tree added this on 30 Jan 2012 and Andersen Family Tree and other Allied Surnames. 28

James E Armstrong was maried [married] to Wealtha F Tanner January 15 1884 ** (his 1 st wife) Arthur E Armstrong was married to Ada M Morrison January 31 1884 ** (his 1 st wife) George Smith was married to Ela T Armstrong Oct 2 1892 James E Armstrong was married to Esther Hayes Nov. 4, 1920 ** (his 2 nd wife) Bible Second page Births: Ebenizer Rowland Armstrong was born February the 17 1819 ** (Bible owner) Ruth Eliza Armstrong was born February the 21 1820 ** (Ebenizer s 1 st wife) William Henry Armstrong was born April 15 1840 ** (son of Ebenizer & Ruth) Ruthelia Adeline Armstrong was born April 29 1844 ** (daughter of Ebenizer & Ruth) Ethan Thomas Armstrong was born Oct 28 1846 ** (son of Ebenizer & Ruth) John Weaver Armstrong was born Nov. 16. 1849 ** (son of Ebenizer & Ruth) Jackson Greene born September the 8 1828 Harriet Greene born March the16 1827 Hannah Elsina Potter was born April 4:1.832 Theda M Potter was born Aug 28 1825 Elza B. Armstrong was born Aug the 23 1865 James Ethan Brower was born January the 20 1866 James Potter was born September the 2 1793 ** (Ruth s father) Renewey Potter was born Nov 23 1797 ** (Ruth s mother) Polly Ann Potter was born March 22 1817 Mary J Hammon was born March 27 1849 Rhoby Armstrong was born Aug 26 1796 ** (Ebenizer s mother) Milton Armstrong was born Oct 21 1792 ** (Ebenizer s father) Caroline M. Armstrong was born June 15 1833 Jennet MaBB.. was born July 29 1830 Thankful Armstrong was born July 10 1821 Tabitha Dunning was born August the 19 1791 Martha Armstrong was born Oct the 3 1840 ** (Ebenizer s 2 nd wife) Ella Francis Armstrong was born Nov 26 1872 ** (think daughter of William H Armstrong & Betsy) Bible Third page Deaths: Polly Ann Potter died October the 24 1846 Mary J. Hammon died November 21 1855 Hannah Elsina Potter died June the 4 1859 Text John 9 4 Theda M Potter died April 14 1828 29

Thankful Armstrong died March 28 1822 Elsina Hammon died October the 4 1861 William A Armstrong died January the 1 1865 William A Armstrong died January the 1 1865 ** (repeated in faded ink) Caleb S. Greene died June the 7 1870 Rhoby Armstrong died June 11 1872 ** (Ebenezer s mother) Isabel Lisher died March the 8 1873 Caroline M Armstrong died Dec 12 1873 Mary Potter died April the 17 1839 Elzy Sweet died March the 30 1840 Thomas Sweet died April the 13 1841 Gideon Potter died April the 20 1847 Jackson Greene died March the 18 1854 Harriet Greene did July the 12 1851 Tabitha Dunning age 72 dided [died] February the 9 1863 Sally Greene dide [died] January the 3 1864 Sharlet Armstrong dide [died] May the 22 1841 Renewey Potter died December 12 1879 ** (Hard to read bible, could be 1873) Bible Fourth page Deaths: Ethan T. Armstrong died August the 26 1865 Text Job the 14 10 ** (Ebenizer & Ruth s son) Ruth Eliza Armstrong died November the 1 1865 Text 2 Corinthans 4 chapter 17 verse ** (Ebenizer s 1 st wife) Rutholide A. Brower died September the23 1868 Job the 14 the 2 verse Milton Armstrong died Dec 26 1876 ** (Ebenizer s father) Rev. William H. Armstrong died May 20 1897 text Hebrews chapter Timothy 4 the 678 verses Laura Armstrong March 6 th 1874 Text Isiah 11 Chapter 6 verse James Potter dide [died] March 11 1879 Tidney C Hammond died May the 13 1885 Cornelus Hammond died Dec 1 1893 Eliza Gardner dide [died] May 31 1894 Ellen Welch died Jan 2 1897 Ebenizer Rowland Armstrong died March 2 nd 1903 text St Luke 24 th chapter part of 29 verses abide with me Martha Armstrong died March 25 1915 about ** (the word about was written in the bible) Extra page in back of bible Arthur E Armstrong was born the 13 day of August 1860 ** (son of John Crouter & Martha Warner) 30

James E Armstrong was born the 30 day of May 1863 ** (son of John Crouter & Martha Warner) ** (Mrs. James Armstrong died 2/19/1930; we think this was Esther Hayes) Leonard Ethan Crowter was born April the 5 1867 Laura Armstrong was born March 22 1872 Mary Sweet was born Nov 12=1871 Maude L Armstrong was born Oct 28 1885 ** (daughter of Arthur Armstrong & Ada Morrison) Clarance E Armstrong was born April 3 1886 ** (think son of James E Armstrong & Wealtha) Fred L Armstrong was born Aug 6 1887 ** (think son of James E Armstrong & Wealtha) Charles Henry Armstrong was born Sept the 4 1887 ** (think son of John W Armstrong & Charlotte) Leonard Morrison Armstrong was born Oct 12 1890 ** (son of Arthur Armstrong & Ada Morrison) Jonne Dell Armstrong was born January 4 1891 ** (think daughter of John W Armstrong & Charlotte) Edeth Aby Armstrong was born March 30 1891 ** (think daughter of James E Armstrong & Wealtha) Betsy Gardner Armstrong was born Jan the 3 1896 ** (think daughter of James E Armstrong & Wealtha) Pearl Jessie Armstrong born July 25th 1921 to Arthur E & Jessie M Armstrong Bert Emelius Armstrong born March 31, 1926 to Arthur & Jessie Armstrong ** (Bert E. Armstrong died 4/8/1926; same person as above) Arthur E. Armstrong died 3/ /1943 ** (no day listed; Cemetery records show died on April 2, 1943) Jessie Armstrong died 11/7/1951 ** (2 nd wife of Arthur Armstrong, maiden name Parks) Note by transcriber: The Armstrong Family Bible is currently being maintained by a great grandchild of the original owner. Martha Warner Crowter married Ebenizer Armstrong after her 1 st husband, John D. Crowter, died of battle wounds received in the Civil War during a battle at Sutherland Station, Virginia, on April 2, 1865. Ebenizer s first wife, Ruth Eliza Potter, died in November of 1865. Then, Ebenizer Armstrong married Martha Crowter in December of 1865. It is assumed, but not yet proven, that Ebenizer Armstrong adopted Martha s two sons she had with John Crowter, Arthur E. and James E., as they are always listed with the surname of Armstrong in the family records. *Please note that this is a digital copy of a transcription from the Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong family Bible, made by the current custodians of the Armstrong Bible. As such the spelling errors were made by them, not by me. Until further contact with them, I can only guess that all of the names are correctly spelled, but I have no way of guaranteeing it. I am attempting to contact them for a true and actual digital image of the Bible pages and not just their transcription of it. I 31

do know the transcribers often spelled Ebenezer as Ebenizer, but on an affidavit he penned his name as Ebenezer. I have bolded the names that are directly associated with Jennet and Ephraim to make it easier for you to see our cast of characters in this Bible. There are many names in the Bible that have little bearing in determining who theses were in relation to Jennet and Ephraim. Levi Armstrong: Not Listed in the Armstrong Bible The Armstrong Bible does not have a birth, marriage, or death entry for a Levi Armstrong; actually Ebenezer never is direct about identifying any of his siblings. On further research I discovered that Ebenezer also had a brother named Levi. There are several documents that identify Levi Armstrong as being associated with Milton, his father and living in Northampton, New York. The first document is from the Michigan, Deaths and Burials Index, 1867-1995 162 which says Levi Armstrong was born about 1825 in New York. He died September 23, 1884 in Fulton, Gratiot, Michigan at the age of 59. Levi was white, a farmer and married, and was the son of Milton and Ruby [Rhoby] Armstrong 163. Next is the 1850 United States Federal Census 164 which states that Levi was a male, born about 1825, now age 25 165. In 1850 his home was in Northampton, Fulton, New York 166. He was living with Prudence Armstrong, age 30, and Mary Dunaha, age 7 167. The family of three was born in New York. Apparently, Levi married Prudence and the child could be an adopted or a step child. Prudence may have a married name of Dunaha and there has been no evidence as to her maiden name. Interestingly in a roundabout way, the clue that links Levi with Milton in 1850 is where his residence was located - living next door to Milton, Rhuba [Rhoby], and Caroline M. Armstrong 168. In the 1860 United States Federal Census 169 Levi had moved to Hope, Hamilton, New York, and Mary Dunaha is no longer listed as living with Levi 162 Michigan, Deaths and Burials Index, 1867-1995 [database on-line], Ancestry.com (http://wwwancestry.com: accessed 26 Aug 2013) Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2011. Original data: Michigan Deaths and Burials, 1800-1995, citing FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2009-2010. Index entries derived from digital copies of original and compiled records. FHL Film Number 985691, entry for Levi Armstrong. 163 Ibid. Ancestry.com. Michigan Death and Burials Index, 1867-1995, entry for Levi Armstrong. 164 1850 United States Federal Census [database on-line], Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 26 Aug 2013) Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2009. Images reproduced by FamilySearch. Original data: Seventh Census of the United States, entry for Levi Armstrong; National Archives Microfilm Publication M432, 1009 rolls; Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29; citing National Archives, Washington, D.C. Year 1850; Census Place: Northampton, Fulton, New York; Roll: M432_506; Page 160B; Image: 322. 165 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co, NY, Northampton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton, p. 35, dwelling 439, family 2540, Levi Armstrong; citing NARA publication M432_506; p. 160B; image: 322. 166 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co, NY, Northampton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton, p. 35, dwelling 439, family 2540, Levi Armstrong; citing NARA publication M432_506; p. 160B; image: 322. 167 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co, NY, Northampton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton, p. 35, dwelling 439, family 2540, Levi Armstrong; citing NARA publication M432_506; p. 160B; image: 322. 168 Ibid. 1850 U.S. census, Fulton Co, NY, Northampton County, New York, population schedule, Northampton, p. 35, dwelling 439, family 2540, Levi Armstrong; citing NARA publication M432_506; p. 160B; image: 322. 169 1860 U.S. Census, Hamilton County, New York, population schedule, p. 45, dwelling 370, family 343, Levi, Prudence and Harriett Armstrong; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 Nov 2013); citing National Archives microfilm publication M653, roll 1,438. 32

and Prudence, but there is now a daughter, Harriett Armstrong, age eight 170, who is living with them. Levi is currently a farmer with a real estate value of $300.00 and personal wealth of $150.00 171. The next document about Levi is from the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865 172 which lists Levi Armstrong, aged 37, from Northampton, New York, enlisting as a private in Company Batty E., New York 4 th Heavy Artillery Regiment on September 3 rd, 1862 and mustered out on March 21, 1865 at Dabney s Mills, Virginia. Levi s birthdate and residence are consistent with the other documents associated with him. There are several Levi Armstrong s enumerated in the 1870 United States Federal Census, some in New York, and one in Michigan. Since we know Levi died in 1884 in Michigan, this is probably the Levi we are looking for. In this 1870 census 173 it says that Levi and Providence [Prudence] Armstrong were both from New York 174 and that he was born around 1826, and that he had real estate valued at $500.00 and personal estate of $200.00 175. Their home in 1870 was Campbell, Ionia, Michigan. There are no other individuals listed as living with them. The little evidence discovered about Levi shows had spent his youth in Northampton as the son of Milton and Rhoby Armstrong. He participated in the Civil War as a soldier, and thereafter left New York, preferring to live in Michigan. Like Stephen Mabb, Levi is one of the few associated with the Armstrong family that left New York. Geography 101: Broadalbin, Mayfield, Northampton, Osborn s Bridge, and Cranberry Creek According to Wikipedia, The town (Broadalbin) was part of the Sacandaga Patent of 1741. The town was part of a former town called "Caughnawaga" in northern Montgomery County. The town was first settled around 1770 near the present Broadalbin village. Historically and geographically speaking, Broadalbin was created from the Towns of Johnstown and Mayfield in 1793, before Fulton County was formed. In 1799, part of Broadalbin was used to form the Town of Northampton. When the Great Sacandaga Lake was created in 1930, some of the town's land was covered with water, including the Sacandaga Vlaie, a broad expanse of marshy land 176. 170 Ibid. 1860 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop., sch., p.45, dwell. 370, fam. 343, Levi, Prudence and Harriett Armstrong. 171 Ibid. 1860 U.S. census, Fulton Co., New York, pop., sch., p.45, dwell. 370, fam. 343, Levi, Prudence and Harriett Armstrong. 172 Historical Data Systems, comp. U.S. Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 20 Nov 2013) Original data: Data compiled by Historical Data Systems of Kingston, MA from the Copyright 1997-2009, Historical Data Systems, Inc., PO Box 35, Duxbury, MA 02331, entry for Levi Armstrong. 173 1870 U.S. census, Ionia County, Michigan, population schedule, Campbell Post Office, p. 25 (stamped), dwelling 191,family 194, entry for Armstrong; Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 Nov 2013), citing NARA microfilm publication M593_676. 174 Ibid. 1870 census, 1870 U.S. census, Ionia County, Michigan, pop. sch., Campbell P. O., p. 25 (stamped), dwell. 191, fam. 194, entry for Levi Armstrong. 175 Ibid. 1870 census, 1870 U.S. census, Ionia County, Michigan, pop. sch., Campbell P. O., p. 25 (stamped), dwell. 191, fam. 194, entry for Levi Armstrong. 176 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/broadalbin,_new_york : accessed 5 July 2013. 33

During the early history of Broadalbin and Northampton the two villages merged certain sections of their boarders; prior to Stephen s birth. Charles statement that his father came from Broadalbin is accurate but so is the other documents showing Stephen lived in Northampton, as they were in part, one in the same. Next offered are two maps. The first is a historic map made prior to the flooding for the Great Sacandaga Lake, showing Broadalbin, Northampton and Mayfield, Cranberry Creek and Osborn s Bridge, in the County of Fulton, New York 177. This is the specific geographic area where our Mabb and Armstrong ancestors originated from. The second map, was made after the flooding had taken place and how it looks today. I have also included a few photographs of city signs to show the environment of the region; these images were found on the internet. 177 http://www.google.com/search?q=broadalbin+ny+history&nord=1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=x&ei=zyonusaf OMWviALvgoHgDw&ved=0CAcQ_AUoATgK&biw=1152&bih=618#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=ej16rLkgI22b3 M%3A%3Bw37zNJIj9SpWQM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fpics2.citydata.com%252Fcity%252Fmaps3%252Fcms4092.png%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.citydata.com%252Fcity%252FBroadalbin-New-York.html%3B422%3B359:accessed 5 July 2013. 34

The geographic changes caused by the creation of the Great Sacandaga Lake in relationship to Edinburg, Northampton, Broadalbin and Mayfield. Broadalbin, Fulton County, New York. The town where Charles said that his father Stephen was born. http://www.teresco.org/pics/lakeloo p-20130520/ 35

Northampton, Fulton County, New York, where John S. Mabb was born August 1, 1859, to Ephraim and Jennet (Armstrong) Mabb, and where they raised their children. Edinburg, Fulton County New York, the place where Ephraim Mabb and Jennet H. Armstrong were married in the home of Milton and Rhoby (Green) Armstrong, on September 8, 1847. The first school house in Northampton, Fulton County, New York. Stephen, Olive, Charles and John Mabb s school years may have been in a similar building and environment. http://www.fulton.nygenweb.net/history/boradhist1907.html. 36

KING CEMETERY: Location: This marker is on Old Route 30 (today Route 152), just north of the Houseman Street intersection and south of Sacandaga Park, on the west side of Route 152 178. This is the site of an early cemetery in the Town of Northampton called Kings Cemetery. We know George A. Mabb, Rhoby (Green) Armstrong and William H. Armstrong are buried here. I firmly believe that many other Armstrong s and Mabb s are buried here. http://www.visitsacandaga.com Road trip! Odds and Ends I found a newspaper entry for Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong, under the category of personals, in the Johnstown New York Daily Republican, dated Thursday, August [day is illegible], 1890 179 : Ebenezer Rowland Armstrong of Cranberry Creek was in town this morning, 178 http://www.visitsacandaga.com/historical_markers.htm : accessed 16 October, 2013, historical marker and cemetery photographs. 179http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/Johnstown%20NY%20Daily%20Republican/Johnstown%20NY%20 Daily%20Republican%201890%20Grayscale/Johnstown%20NY%20Daily%20Republican%201890%20Grayscale %20-37

on business at the County Clerk s office 180. Newspapers, back in the day, listed personal things people were doing, things like who was sick, going on vacation, celebrating birthdays, etc. Researching old newspaper announcements can offer a glimpse at what our ancestors were busy doing in their day-to-day routine of life. I also found an entry from Businesses and Residents of Northampton, 1869-70, in the Child s Gazetteer 181 listing where Armstrong s nearest post office was and how many acres of land they owned: Name: Ebenezer R. Armstrong Post Office: Osborn s Bridge. Acres: 73 182 Name: William H. Armstrong Post Office: Osborn s Bridge. Acres: 86 183 In Conclusion, the rich history of the Armstrong and Mabb family has finally been brought to light for the descendants of Ephraim and Jennet (Armstrong) Mabb. The disruption and loss of life caused from the Civil War era definitely has left its impression on our Mabb family. Stephen Rowland Mabb was directly impacted with the loss of life of Ephraim Mabb, his father. Not only did it impact his life, but also his mother, Jennet (Armstrong) Mabb and his siblings, Olive M., Charles H., George A., John S., and Edwin E. Mabb. During such a time period where pioneers families struggled so hard just to survive, being a single parent raising a family was even harder. The challenges that Jennet must have endured to overcome being head of household in a society where women were discriminated in the workplace is commendable. Disease was another hurdle to overcome, as we see from the death as a result of scarlet fever by her son George. Little is known about how Edwin died, but at age three, I imagine it was from disease as well. The research process for this article has brought me closer to our Mabb, and now Armstrong ancestors; which I did not think I would ever discover because of the little known facts about our family. The genealogical diaspora has been lifted leaving descendants with the knowledge that just as we struggle through life, our ancestors endured sufferings from the Civil War, deadly childhood diseases, the social and economic struggles of the 1800s. Somewhere in our DNA, our ancestors are coursing along with us and the research in this paper will stand to remind us that we are children of Ephraim and Jennet (Armstrong) Mabb, from Northampton, Fulton, New York. %200129.pdfhttp://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/Johnstown%20NY%20Daily%20Republican/Johnstown%2 0NY%20Daily%20Republican%201890%20Grayscale/Johnstown%20NY%20Daily%20Republican%201890%20G rayscale%20-%200129.pdf, accessed 14 September 2013. 180 Ibid. http://fulton.nygenweb.net/people/ponorthampton.html, accessed 14 September 2013. 181 http://fulton.nygenweb.net/people/ponorthampton.html, accessed 14 September 2013. 182 Ibid. http://fulton.nygenweb.net/people/ponorthampton.html, accessed 14 September 2013. 183 Ibid. http://fulton.nygenweb.net/people/ponorthampton.html, accessed 14 September 2013. 38