Veeam 74-409 Study Webinar Server Virtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V and System Center Orin Thomas @orinthomas
http://hyperv.veeam.com/ study-guide-microsoft-certification-exam-74-409-server-virtualization-windows-server-hyper-v-system-center-4202/
In this seminar we ll cover: Study techniques Lab suggestion 74-409 Objectives
Study techniques You ll learn more through practice than by reading The exam assumes you have used this technology in the real world Build a lab and perform the tasks related to the objectives Get to the point that given a task related to the objectives, you could perform it in a lab or a production environment Use practice tests from a reputable practice test provider such as MeasureUp or Self Test Software
Lab Suggestion 2 or more computers configured as Hyper-V virtualization hosts Virtualization hosts should be members of a domain Host domain controller as VM on one virtualization host Configure the DC VM to start automatically Host VMM server on other virtualization host
OD 1: Configure Hyper-V Create and configure VM settings Create and configure VM storage Create and configure virtual networks
Some content covered from the perspective of Hyper-V, such as VM storage, is also covered from the perspective of VMM.
Dynamic Memory 2 options for assigning memory Can configure static or dynamic assignment Static RAM allocates a fixed amount over the VM s runtime Dynamic allocates variable amounts based on startup, minimum, and maximum RAM.
Smart Paging Special case use of a page file Only used when startup RAM exceeds minimum RAM Can only be used when restarting a VM, not performing a cold start of a VM
Resource Metering Allows you to track CPU, RAM, network, and storage utilization for chargeback Enabled and monitored through PowerShell
Integration Services Allows the virtualization host to interact with the VM including OS shutdown, time synchronization, and heartbeat monitoring Allows use of synthetic network adapters in generation 1 VMs Included with the most recent operating systems, must be installed for older operating systems
Generation 1 and Generation 2 VMs Gen 2 VMs new to Server 2012 Gen 2 VMs are virtual first and don t include legacy emulated components such as COM ports and diskette drives Faster to install OS and boot Can t convert between generations. Must choose at creation Only certain OS support Gen 2 VMs Only support.vhdx virtual hard disks
Enhanced Session Mode Simplifies the process of cutting and pasting text and files when using Virtual Machine Connection Allows audio and device redirection from VMs Functions similarly to a remote desktop connection Requires permission to connect via remote desktop
RemoteFX Provides virtual 3D graphics adapter and USB redirection support for VMs Requires a compatible GPU Cannot be used with generation 2 VMs
VHD and VHDX formats VHD Used since Virtual Server 2040 GB Supported on all Hyper-V hosts Can t be used with Gen 2 VMs VHDX 2012 and later 64 TB Support larger block size Internal log file to reduce chance of corruption Support trim & online resizing
Dynamic, Differencing & Fixed Fixed requires all space allocated at creation Dynamic grow as required, but require little initial space Differencing disks have parent/child relationship Modifying parent disk will break relationship with child
Modifying Virtual Hard Disks Convert from VHD to VHDX and back Change disk size Change fixed to dynamically expanding and back Can only change disk format or type when VM is offline Shrink virtual hard disk in VM OS before attempting to shrink disk using Hyper-V
Online VHD resize Virtualization Host 2012 R2 VHDX format Attached to a virtual SCSI controller If shrinking, have already shrunk in guest VM OS
Pass Through Disks Give the VM access to the underlying storage Allow VMs to access larger volumes Less necessary now that VHDX format virtual hard disks support 64 TB volumes
Checkpoints Represent the state of a VM at a particular point in time Called snapshots in previous versions of Hyper-V Can create checkpoints when VM is running or shut down Hyper-V supports maximum of 50 checkpoints per VM VMM supports 64 checkpoints per VM
Virtual Fibre Channel Direct connection from VM to Fibre Channel SAN Requires compatible HBA on virtualization host Requires Server 2012 or later SAN must be NPIV enabled VM must be running compatible OS VMs support up to 4 separate Fibre Channel adapters each of which can be associated with separate SAN
Storage QoS Specify maximum and minimum IOPS for virtual hard disk VM cannot exceed maximum IOPS value If virtual hard disk falls below minimum IOPS, event written to the event log
Hyper-V Virtual Switch External: VM is connected through external network adapter Internal: VMs can communicate with each other and host Private: VMs can communicate with one another, but not host
Optimize Network Performance Configure bandwidth management at the virtual network adapter level Configure minimum bandwidth reservation Configure maximum bandwidth utilization
SR-IOV Single Root Input Output Virtualization Physical network adapter is mapped directly to the VM Increases throughput by bypassing virtual switch and sends network traffic straight to the VM VM OS needs driver for physical network adapter Physical network adapter drivers need to support SR- IOV
Dynamic Virtual Machine Queue Optimize VM network performance Network adapter must support virtual machine queue Network traffic is processed by an assigned processor rather than network adapter
Hyper-V MAC Address Pool Allows you to configure the range from which virtual network adapter MAC addresses are drawn Configure pools to ensure that no two VMs on different virtualization hosts are assigned the same MAC address
VLAN tagging Supported at the network adapter and virtual switch level VLAN tag at the virtual switch level overrides VLAN tag assigned at the virtual network adapter level Virtualization host physical network adapters must support VLAN tagging
Network Adapter Types Generation 1 support Synthetic and Legacy adapters Synthetic: Require integration components Legacy: Works with almost everything. Use for PXE boot Generation 2 has single network adapter type Only works with OS that support Generation 2 VMs Can be used to PXE boot Generation 2 VM
Virtual Machine NIC teaming Aggregate bandwidth and provide redundancy across up to 32 NICs Can perform NIC teaming on virtualization host Can perform NIC teaming within VM OS Supported by Server 2012 and later with no special hardware requirements
OD 2: Configure and Manage Virtual Machine High Availability Configure failover clustering with Hyper-V Manage failover clustering roles Manage virtual machine movement
Failover clusters Windows Server 2012/2012R2 support 64 node failover clusters A 64 node failover cluster can host up to 8000 VMs Require shared storage for VM hard disk and configuration files Can use SAS, iscsi, Fibre Channel, Fibre Channel over Ethernet for shared storage
Failover Cluster Quorum Quorum mode selected automatically when creating clusters Quorum votes can be assigned to nodes, disk, or file share witnesses Quorum modes: Node majority, node and disk majority, node and file share majority, no majority disk only
Cluster Node Weight Allows you to configure whether nodes have quorum votes Use to specify which side of a multi-site cluster will retain quorum if inter-site communication fails
Dynamic Quorum Recalculates quorum model when nodes are removed or added to the cluster Ensures that outdated quorum model doesn t push cluster into a failed state
Cluster networking Use NIC teaming Configure separate networks Network for node to node communication Network for connection between node and shared storage Network for client access to resources hosted on the cluster
Force Quorum Resiliency Allows you to avoid partitioned cluster problem Used when you force start one side of a multi-site cluster and reconnection occurs to other site Nodes in other site detect that nodes in the first site were forced into quorum, so automatically restart to avoid partitioned cluster problem
Cluster Aware Updating Automates the process of applying software updates to clusters Automatically evacuates a node, places it in maintenance mode, applies updates, restarts if necessary, and shifts node out of maintenance mode. Works through all nodes in the cluster until software updates have been applied to every node
Upgrading Clusters Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, & Windows Server 2012 can be nodes in Windows Server 2012 R2 clusters. Only supported during upgrade scenarios Move workload from old OS node to new OS node then upgrade old OS node to new OS
Cluster Shared Volumes High availability storage technology that allows multiple nodes in a failover cluster to have read/write access to the same storage VMs on the same LUN can run on different cluster hosts Minimizes storage failover time
Active Directory Detached Clusters Also termed Clusters without network names Allows cluster creation without requiring permission to create Active Directory computer objects Cluster nodes still need to be members of the same Active Directory environment
Preferred Owner & Failover Settings Allows you to specify which node is the preferred owner of a workload Workload will attempt to return to that node once issue that caused failover is resolved Failover settings allow you to configure how many failures occur in a specific period before left in a failed state
Guest Cluster A failover cluster where the cluster nodes are VMs Still requires access to shared storage VM cluster nodes can be on the same or different failover clusters
Shared Virtual Hard Disk Virtual machines can use a shared virtual hard disk as shared storage Requires 2012 R2 Host Disk must be in VHDX format Must be stored on a Scale Out File Server or Clustered Shared Volume (CSV) Must be attached via virtual SCSI controller
Live Migration Allows you to move a running VM from one virtualization host to another without disruption Supported between: Cluster nodes that use shared storage Between separate virtualization hosts that aren t participating in a failover cluster using an SMB 3.0 file share Between separate virtualization hosts using Shared Nothing Live Migration
Storage Migration Move VM s hard disk files, configuration files and checkpoint files from one location to another Allows you to change the storage location of a running VM Move data to any location accessible to the Hyper-V host
Exporting, Importing & Copying VMs Export creates a duplicate of a VM Can export a VM, which exports all checkpoints Can export a checkpoint Can export a running VM (2012 R2 only) During import, you can: Register VM in place (use existing ID) Restore VM (use existing ID) Copy VM (create new ID)
Network Health Detection Mark certain networks as being protected If the network marked as protected becomes unavailable, the VM automatically live-migrates to a cluster node where the network is available.
VM Drain On Shutdown Server 2012 R2 and later Automatically live migrates VMs from a cluster node that is shut down by an administrator without being put into maintenance mode In previous versions of Windows, these VMs were put into a saved state
P2V Migrations Physical to virtual migrations Not supported by VMM 2012 R2 Supported by VMM 2012
V2V Migrations Migrate from 3 rd party hypervisors to Hyper-V VMM 2012 R2 supports V2V from VMware ESX 4.1 VMware ESXi 4.1 VMware ESXi 5.1
OD 3: Implement a Server Virtualization Infrastructure Implement virtualization hosts Implement virtual machines Implement virtualization networking Implement virtualization storage Manage and maintain a server virtualization infrastructure
Delegating Virtualization Management Tasks You create User Roles by selecting Role Profiles Members Scope Library servers Run As accounts
Role Profiles Determines what actions an account assigned a user role can perform VMM role profiles: Administrator Fabric Administrator (Delegated Administrator) Read Only Administrator Tenant Administrator Application Administrator (Self Service User)
Run As accounts Run As accounts are preconfigured accounts that include username and password When using a Run As account, the operation is performed using the Run As account s privileges, not the user s privileges.
Scopes Allow you to define the objects with which the permissions you are delegating can be used Fabric Administrator / Read Only Administrators role profiles allow you to set scopes using existing private cloud or host groups
Quotas Allow you to limit the use of Virtual CPUs Memory Storage Virtual Machines Can be configured at the role level or member level
VMM Libraries Collection of file based and non-file based resources File based resources can include: Virtual Hard Disks ISO images Scripts Driver files Application packages Non file based resources include: VM templates Service template Hardware & Guest OS profiles
Equivalent Objects Allows you to mark specific file based objects stored in VMM libraries as equivalent Allows you to make reference to these objects in templates and have an equivalent object retrieved from the closest VMM library
Host Group Libraries Associate particular libraries to particular host groups VMM will use this information when determining which resources to use if you need a resource marked as an equivalent object
Third Party Integration You can use VMM 2012 R2 to manage: VMware ESX VMware ESXi Citrix XenServer
Bare Metal Hyper-V Virtualization Host Deployment Deploy Hyper-V to a bare metal device Relies upon WDS role in Windows Server Configure Physical Computer Profiles.
Implementing Highly Available Virtual Machines Can be made highly available by deploying them to Hyper-V failover cluster Can use Hyper-V replica to make them highly available Allows replication across site boundaries Does not require access to shared storage Is asynchronous. Replica copy is consistent, but lagged. Supports multiple recovery points Planned failover requires VM shutdown
Guest Resource Optimization Allows you to deploy to the virtualization host that has the greatest available resources Allows you to ensure that virtualization host resource utilization is equitable across the fabric Intelligent placement provides recommendation on which virtualization host to use for deployment
Placement Rules Allows you to configure custom properties that you can then use in rules that dictate where VMM can place a new VM during deployment
VMM Templates VMM Template allows you create VMs that have a consistent set of configuration settings Templates include one or more of the following: Guest OS Profile Hardware Profile Virtual Hard Disks
Guest OS Profile Operating system settings including OS version Name information Administrator password Product key Time zone Roles & Features Domain/Workgroup Membership Answer File
Hardware Profile Gen 1 or Gen 2 VM Cloud compatibility Processor type Memory allocation Floppy drive COM Port Video Adapters IDE and SCSI configuration Network adapter configuration
VMM Logical Networks Collection of network sites, VLAN information, and IP subnet information Must have one logical network in VMM before you can deploy VMs and services Network sites allow you to associate IP subnets, VLANs & PVLANs with the logical network
VMM Port Profiles / Logical Switches Function as collections for configuration settings for network adapters across multiple virtualization hosts
Network Virtualization Allows you to configure logical networks so that different VM tenants can be assigned the same IP addresses on the same Hyper-V host without address collisions occurring If a logical network is configured for network virtualization, you can connect multiple VMM Virtual Machine Networks to the same logical network
VMM Virtual Machine Networks Provide the interface through which VMs connect to a VMM Logical Network
VMM MAC Pools MAC address pools allow MAC address information to be managed across all virtualization hosts that VMM manages
VMM IP Address Pools IP address pools allow VMM to assign IP addresses to VMs. The benefit of this over DHCP is that you can ensure the same IP address is assigned to a VM without having to create a DHCP reservation Includes default gateway and name server information
Windows Server Gateway A specially configured virtual machine that can route traffic between different networks
Private VLANs (PVLANs) VLANs segment traffic at layer 2 VLAN IDs are 12 bit numbers PVLAN is an additional ID that allows you to segment VLANs Implement in VMM through logical networks
Configuring Hyper-V Host Clustered Storage When deploying on a Hyper-V host cluster the VM configuration and storage files for highly available VMs are hosted on shared storage This can be iscsi SAS Fibre Channel SMB 3.0 Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV)
Guest Cluster Storage Guest clusters are where each cluster node is a VM Guest cluster shared storage can be: iscsi Virtual Fibre Channel CSV Continuously Available File Shares Shared Virtual Hard Disks
Storage Optimization Deduplication. Built into Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 Storage Tiering. Commonly used blocks are moved to faster storage, such as SSD, with less commonly used blocks moved to slower storage, such as spinning magnetic disks.
Integrating Operations Manager with VMM Monitor health and availability of: VMM management server VMM database server VMM library servers Virtualization hosts Use Performance and Resource Optimization (PRO) Maintenance mode integration
Integrate Service Manager 2012 R2 ITIL / MOF Service Management implementation Central Platform to manage incidents, problems, changes, and releases.
Service Virtual Machine Images Update VM images in the library prior to deployment Can use Virtual Machine Servicing Tool (deprecated) Orchestrated Offline VM Patching Runbook
Data Protection Manager 2012 R2 Protect virtualization hosts and VMs Provide protection within a VM Stores protected data on disk, tape and can replicate to a second DPM server & Azure cloud (As this is a Microsoft technology exam, it doesn t mention Veeam)
OD 4: Monitor and maintain a server virtualization infrastructure Plan and implement a monitoring strategy Plan and implement a business continuity and disaster recovery solution
Audit Collection Services Allows you to centralize and analyze event log audit data Is an individual component of Operations Manager
System Center Global Service Monitor Cloud service that allows you to monitor web applications from a variety of locations around the world Monitoring can perform complex tasks, such as signing into an application, or checking that items can be added to and checked out from a shopping cart
Operations Manager Management Packs VMM Management Pack: Monitor all aspects of the VMM infrastructure VMM servers Virtualization hosts Virtual machines Fabric health dashboard View health of each VMM private cloud View health of fabric that supports that cloud
Operations Manager Reporting Use SQL Server Reporting Services to generate complex reports based on data stored in the Operations Manager data warehouse database. Increase number of reports Add management packs Author your own reports
Operations Manager Management Packs Extend the functionality of Operations Manager Improve the product s ability to interact with specific applications or services Usually created by product vendors or subject matter experts Management packs include: Monitors, rules, tasks, knowledge, views, reports, object discoveries and Run As profiles
Domain Controller Cloning Requires virtualization host that support VMGenerationID DC must be running 2012 or later PDC emulator must be available Template DC computer account must be member of the Clonable Domain Controllers security group
Hyper-V Recovery Manager Service hosted in Azure cloud Manages Hyper-V replication Automates the process of Hyper-V replica failover Performs continuous health monitoring and orchestrated recovery
Thank You & Good Luck On Your Exam!