Important information for Vanguard Personal Advisor Services clients January 19, 2016 Vanguard Advisers, Inc. 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355 800-416-8420 vanguard.com This notice provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Vanguard Personal Advisor Services, an advisory service offered through Vanguard Advisers, Inc. ( VAI ). This notice also describes how VAI is compensated for the service provided to you and the relationships VAI may have with others in connection with the services provided to you or the investments recommended through the service. You should carefully consider this information in your evaluation of this service. The information in this notice hasn t been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ), any state securities authority, or the United States Department of Labor.
Vanguard Personal Advisor Services VAI is a Pennsylvania corporation that provides investment advisory services to a wide variety of clients. VAI was incorporated in and has been in business since 1995. VAI is 100% owned by Goliath, Inc., a Delaware corporation. As such, VAI is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc. ( Vanguard ), the sponsor and manager of the family of mutual funds and ETFs comprising The Vanguard Group of Investment Companies ( Vanguard Funds ), which VAI typically recommends as investments. Vanguard Personal Advisor Services is an advisory service launched by VAI in 2013 that provides both nondiscretionary advice services and an ongoing discretionary managed account service. Onetime investment advice On a nondiscretionary basis, Vanguard Personal Advisor Services is designed to offer you: (1) an opportunity to engage in a discussion with a financial planner concerning specific investment-related questions or topics, or (2) an investment strategy for accounts that you identify, based on a personalized financial plan created by VAI (the Financial Plan ). More information regarding the Financial Plan and the methodology used in creating it is provided in detail below. Ongoing managed accounts VAI also offers the same personalized Financial Plan as an affordable managed portfolio for those accounts that you enroll in the ongoing service (the Service ). After providing the Service with information relating to your financial situation and investment objectives, a Financial Plan is formulated for you that will recommend an asset allocation and specific Vanguard Funds that will be maintained in your account(s) to meet that allocation. The recommendations made by VAI in connection with the Service will normally be limited to allocations in Vanguard Funds and will generally not include recommendations to invest in individual securities or bonds, CDs, options, derivatives, annuities, third-party mutual funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts, partnerships, or other non-vanguard securities, although, as described in more detail in the Vanguard Personal Advisor Services Brochure (the Brochure ), you may be able to impose reasonable restrictions upon our investment strategy. The plan is reviewed and finalized with you during a consultation with an experienced advisor. Once you adopt the terms of the Financial Plan, the Service performs the necessary transactions to hold the mix of Vanguard Funds designed to meet the asset allocation recommended for your account(s) in the Financial Plan. Changes to the investment strategy set forth in the Financial Plan will be made only with your consent. The Service provides ongoing monitoring, review, and rebalancing of the account(s) in the Financial Plan pursuant to the standing instructions you approve in the Financial Plan. Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 1
Collectively, the Vanguard accounts enrolled in the Service where investments are made by the Service to maintain your target allocation will be referred to herein as the Portfolio. By enrolling in the Service, you ve granted VAI discretionary authority to purchase and sell securities on your behalf. Accordingly, VAI may change the investments used to effect the investment strategy set forth in the Financial Plan at any time and without prior notice to you, including changing the investments used for purposes of rebalancing the Portfolio or substituting a particular investment for another investment you previously approved. If, however, VAI recommends such a change with respect to securities held in an individual retirement account ( IRA ), VAI will notify you at least 30 days before the change is implemented. Any notice of a proposed change in investments will include the effective date of the proposed change, instructions you may follow to avoid the proposed change, and a reminder that your failure to respond by a specified date will be deemed to be your consent to the proposed change in investments. With the Financial Plan, VAI will also provide goals-based forecasting and recommendations on how to better meet your investing goals. You can work with an advisor to focus on your specific goals, which can include planning for college, saving for a home, establishing a rainy-day fund, or saving for retirement. You design the goals to meet your own particular financial situation. Your goals may be supported by your Portfolio as well as accounts held outside of the Portfolio. The Service also offers an online experience that includes web content based on your goals and provides personalized reporting. The online experience is accessed by logging on to your account at vanguard.com. For clients enrolled in the Service, VAI contacts you at least annually to validate your financial planning needs and the strategy chosen for the Portfolio and determine whether there have been any changes in your financial situation, risk tolerance, tax situation, investment time horizon, investment objectives, or desired reasonable restrictions that may require a new Financial Plan for your review and approval. In connection with the Service, you retain the right to (i) withdraw securities or cash from the Portfolio; (ii) vote on shareholder proposals of beneficially owned securities or delegate the authority to vote on such proposals to another person; (iii) be provided, in a timely manner, with a confirmation or other notification of each securities transaction in the Portfolio and all other documents required by law to be provided to security holders; and (iv) proceed directly as a security holder against the issuer of any security in the Portfolio and not be obligated to join any person involved in the operation of the Service, or any other client of the Service, as a condition precedent to initiating such proceeding. You may not receive third-party discretionary advice on assets held in the Portfolio under this Service. If you wish to receive third-party discretionary advice regarding certain securities in the Portfolio, VAI can assist you in transferring those securities to an account outside of the Portfolio, or you may choose to terminate the Service. You may separately arrange for the provision of advice by another provider that has no material affiliation with, and receives no compensation in connection with, the mutual funds, securities, or other property held in your accounts. Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 2
Additional information for Vanguard IRA holders VAI intends Vanguard Personal Advisor Services to be a level-fee eligible investment advice arrangement and to comply with the conditions of the statutory exemption for eligible investment advice arrangements under Sections 408(b)(14) and (g) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ( ERISA ) and Sections 4975(d)(17) and (f)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code ). In providing advice for assets held in IRAs (as defined in Section 408(a) of the Code), VAI acts as a fiduciary advisor as defined under Section 408(g)(11) of ERISA and Section 4975(f)(8)(J) of the Code and, therefore, VAI must act prudently and only with clients interest in mind when providing clients recommendations regarding investment of IRA assets. Vanguard Personal Advisor Services will be audited annually by an independent auditor for compliance with the requirements of the statutory level-fee exemption and related regulation. A copy of the most recent version of the auditor s findings will be provided to clients with IRAs enrolled in Vanguard Personal Advisor Services or posted and made available for review by those clients at vanguard.com within 30 days of receipt of the report of the auditor. Fees and compensation The annual advisory service fee paid to VAI under the Service will be as follows: 0.30% On assets below $5 million 0.20% On assets from $5 million to below $10 million 0.10% On assets from $10 million to below $25 million 0.05% On assets of $25 million and above Fees are calculated quarterly and based on your average daily balance in the Portfolio across the entire fee period. A fee period is the prior calendar quarter. The fee will be assessed on the first Monday (non-holiday) after the completion of a fee period and will generally be deducted within two weeks of assessment. A total fee is calculated across all securities in the Portfolio, with the exception of money market positions. VAI doesn t assess a fee on the balance of money market fund assets held within the Portfolio. VAI will select the designated fee account(s) of the Portfolio from which the fee is deducted and then will systematically determine from which fund(s) to deduct the fees based on a hierarchy of expected fund volatility from least to most volatile. The fund hierarchy prioritizes mutual funds with relatively low volatility and expected tax consequences over funds with higher volatility and potential imbedded gains. Unless the only account in the Portfolio is an IRA, VAI won t select the IRA or any other type of retirement account as the account from which the fee should be deducted. In the case of multiple IRAs only in the Portfolio, the fee will be taken proportionally from all of the IRAs in the Portfolio. VAI reserves the right to change the annual service fee or charge additional fees for other services upon 30 days written notice to you. Upon termination of the Service, VAI may require payment of any accrued fees from the time of the last quarterly payment until the termination date. Note: The Service reserves the right to provide periodic fee waivers where it deems appropriate. Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 3
There may be periods of time when rebalancing isn t needed because the Portfolio is appropriately allocated. The Service continues to monitor your Portfolio and goals to help keep you on track to meet your investment objectives and therefore continues to charge all applicable fees during these times of inactivity. The advice provided by VAI may include recommendations to sell, hold, or purchase Vanguard Funds. Where we transact to implement your Financial Plan or you act in accordance with such advice, it results in the payment of fees to the Vanguard Funds and to Vanguard, an affiliate of VAI. A purchase or sale of Vanguard Fund shares isn t subject to a load, sales charge, or commission. However, each Vanguard Fund incurs advisory, administrative, and custodial fees, as well as other fees and expenses that it pays out of its own assets. The advisory, administrative, custodial, and other costs make up the Vanguard Funds expense ratios. Also, some Vanguard Funds impose purchase and redemption fees. Clients who invest in Vanguard Funds are subject to the applicable expense ratios and to any purchase and redemption fees. Please consult the prospectus for information about a specific Vanguard Fund s expense ratio and any fees assessed by that fund. You may also incur transaction or brokerage charges when transacting in Vanguard ETFs, as described in more detail in the Brochure. The purchase or sale of third-party mutual fund shares through Vanguard or its affiliates may be subject to a load or sales charge, although VAI generally recommends the purchase of no-load mutual funds, and Vanguard Funds in particular. A fund s expenses are detailed in the fund s prospectus. In the event that VAI recommends that you transact in non-vanguard investments, you may incur additional fees, including transaction fees, brokerage charges, sales charges, expense ratios, commissions, markups, or other fees or expenses. In addition, Vanguard or its affiliates may receive other compensation, including asset-based sales charges, service fees, revenue-sharing payments, 12b-1 fees, or other fees, in connection with such investments. Please see the section of the Brochure entitled Brokerage practices for further details about brokerage charges. You may also incur account service fees and other account charges and processing fees in connection with establishing accounts with VAI s affiliates in connection with Vanguard Personal Advisor Services. You should review the terms of your Mutual Fund Investment Kit, IRA Kit, or Brokerage Account Kit for details regarding fees that may be assessed in connection with these accounts. The advice provided by the advisor doesn t take into consideration whether Vanguard or any of its affiliates would receive fees from its recommendation to purchase, hold, or sell Vanguard Funds or non-vanguard investments. Fees received by VAI and compensation paid to its employees, agents, and registered advisors for advice under Vanguard Personal Advisor Services don t vary on the basis of any investment options selected, and the advisors who deliver advice through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services aren t compensated for or on the basis of any recommendation or sales of specific securities. Fees for the Service are in addition to the underlying mutual fund expenses that all fund shareholders pay. You should Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 4
review this information and carefully consider the impact of these fees and compensation when evaluating Vanguard Personal Advisor Services. Methods of analysis and investment strategies VAI develops the investment methodology on which Vanguard Personal Advisor Services is based and the investment strategy, asset allocation, and recommendation of appropriate investments for your Portfolio, all as described in the Brochure in more detail. VAI s investment strategies are designed with a disciplined, long-term approach that focuses on managing risk through appropriate asset allocation and diversification. VAI s methodology uses a strategic approach by first focusing on the mix of asset classes (i.e., stocks, bonds, cash) needed to meet your financial goals over time, then selecting the specific investments for your Portfolio. VAI uses publicly traded investment vehicles, and primarily Vanguard Funds, to meet your recommended asset allocation. In determining which investments are appropriate for your goal, Vanguard may consider factors such as your risk tolerance, your investment time horizon, your Portfolio balance, investment and tax costs, the availability of tax-advantaged accounts, and your tax status. Specific information related to the past performance and historical rates of return for investments included in your Financial Plan is available in each fund s prospectus, which was provided at your initial investment in the fund and is available at vanguard.com. If, as a result of its periodic review, VAI makes material changes to our methodology that impact your Financial Plan, those changes will be communicated to you. Upon notification, you ll have an opportunity to approve those changes. Goals forecasting for accumulator goals and retirees or near-retirees An accumulator goal is one in which you re currently saving for a future event. Accumulator goals can focus on saving a sum for a single lump-sum distribution (such as saving for a home) or on saving a sum to be drawn down over an extended period of time (such as saving for retirement). One of the biggest challenges investors nearing or in retirement face is ensuring that savings and income will cover future expenses throughout what could be an extended lifetime. We seek to reduce the uncertainties surrounding this key financial concern. For retirees and near-retirees, we project your lifetime cash flows inflows from investment income and other sources and outflows from spending to assess whether your investments can adequately support your retirement income needs over your lifetime. To cover a broad range of outcomes, Vanguard Personal Advisor Services will generate 10,000 scenarios for each goal. The goal projections are hypothetical. They re based on statistical modeling and on historical data and aren t a guarantee of future results or a guarantee of the success rate of the simulated outcomes. The goal projections are forecasted returns for equities, bonds, and short-term reserves in the Monte Carlo Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 5
simulations to determine the projection for each goal. These forecasted returns which factor in inflation are provided through the Vanguard Capital Markets Model ( VCMM ), developed by the Vanguard Investment Strategy Group, discussed in more detail below and in the Brochure. Although VAI believes that the forecasts may reasonably project goals that are supported by accounts invested in a diversified portfolio of Vanguard Funds, such projections may not correlate well to other assets held by you in non-portfolio accounts. Accordingly, your actual investment results may vary significantly from our projections. For more information about goals forecasting for retirement and other accumulator goals, please see the Brochure. Vanguard Capital Markets Model The Vanguard Capital Markets Model ( VCMM ) is a proprietary, state-of-the-art financial simulation tool developed and maintained by the Vanguard Investment Strategy Group. The VCMM uses a statistical analysis of historical data for interest rates, inflation, and other risk factors for global equities, fixed income, and commodity markets to generate forwardlooking distributions of expected long-term returns. The asset return distributions used in the goals-forecasting models are drawn from 10,000 VCMM simulations based on market data from 1926 for the equity markets and from 1960 for the fixed income markets through the most recent year-end. The forecast provided by the VCMM will be updated annually, though we may update the data more frequently in cases of major market events. For more information about the VCMM, please see the Brochure. Other financial industry activities and affiliations The Vanguard Group, Inc. VAI is 100% owned by Goliath, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which is wholly owned by The Vanguard Group, Inc. ( Vanguard ). Vanguard, also a registered investment advisor, provides a range of investment advisory and administrative services to the Vanguard family of mutual funds ( Vanguard Funds ). Vanguard is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It s owned jointly by the funds it services and thus indirectly by the shareholders of those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors who own the management company s stock. The management fees these companies charge include a profit component over and above the companies costs of providing these services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the funds expenses low. When giving advice to clients, VAI will recommend the purchase of Vanguard Funds serviced by VAI s corporate parent, Vanguard. VAI addresses the competing interests that could arise between us and our clients as a result of recommending proprietary funds by Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 6
relying on our time-tested investment philosophies and beliefs, such as the benefits of low costs, diversification, and indexing, when formulating target allocations for clients. VAI discloses to prospective clients that it recommends Vanguard Funds prior to, or at the establishment of, the advisory relationship. Although acting in accordance with VAI s advice to purchase Vanguard s proprietary funds will result in the payment of fees to the Vanguard Funds and ETFs that are separate from, and in addition to, any fees assessed by VAI, any competing interests that could arise are mitigated by the at-cost nature of Vanguard s services to the funds. Vanguard Marketing Corporation Shares of the Vanguard Funds are marketed and distributed by Vanguard Marketing Corporation ( VMC ). VMC s marketing and distribution services are conducted on an at-cost basis in accordance with the terms and conditions of a 1981 exemptive order from the SEC, which permits Vanguard Funds to internalize and jointly finance such activities. Each Vanguard Fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of VMC s marketing costs. VMC doesn t receive transaction-based compensation in connection with the distribution of the Vanguard Funds. When giving advice to clients, VAI will recommend the purchase of Vanguard Funds distributed by VAI s affiliate, VMC. Since VMC performs its marketing and distribution services on an at-cost basis and doesn t receive transaction-based compensation in connection with the distribution of the Vanguard Funds, no competing interests arise from VAI s affiliation with VMC in its role as distributor of the funds and ETFs. However, to the extent that you maintain a brokerage account with VMC as part of the Portfolio, VMC may receive compensation from you that s separate from, and in addition to, the fees payable under the Service, as described in more detail in the Brochure. Certain members of VAI s management responsible for Vanguard Personal Advisor Services are registered representatives of, or are affiliated with, VMC. Please refer to the Supplement to the Ask a CFP Professional, Vanguard Financial Plan, and Vanguard Personal Advisor Services Brochures for further information. Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company VAI is also affiliated with Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company ( VFTC ), a limited-purpose trust company incorporated under the banking laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanguard. VFTC serves as custodian for traditional IRAs, SEP-IRAs, and Roth IRAs (collectively referred to as Vanguard IRAs ). Vanguard will perform administrative services in connection with Vanguard IRAs, for which Vanguard may be reimbursed, at cost, by VFTC. VFTC may charge reasonable custodial fees with respect to the establishment and maintenance of your Vanguard IRAs at any time during the calendar year. You should consult the Disclosure Statement and Custodial Account Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 7
Agreement governing your Vanguard IRAs for more information relating to VFTC s fees and services provided. Brokerage practices VAI doesn t usually recommend broker-dealers in connection with client transactions arising out of VAI s advice, as VAI generally recommends the purchase of Vanguard Funds. However, if you transact in Vanguard ETFs or non-vanguard securities in the Portfolio, you ll be required to establish or utilize an existing brokerage account held through VMC for those securities, and you ll agree in your account application to execute all Portfolio brokerage transactions through VMC. Transactions executed in a VMC brokerage account will be subject to VMC s usual and customary fees, markups, commissions, and charges, separate and apart from the advisory fees assessed by VAI in connection with the Service. Mutual fund transactions Mutual fund trades in a VMC brokerage account are limited to those fund families with which VMC has entered into a selling agreement. VMC receives transaction fees, front- and back-end loads, sales charges, and 12b-1 fees in connection with certain transactions in third-party mutual funds through VMC s FundAccess program. VMC may also receive fees for the provisioning of various shareholder services in connection with the participation of certain mutual funds in the FundAccess program. These fees may be considered revenuesharing and represent a significant source of revenue for VMC. Determined in accordance with an asset-based formula, these payments may equal up to 0.40% of a mutual fund s assets under management at VMC on an annual basis. VMC may also receive operational payments from mutual funds in the form of networking or per-position fees of up to $20 for each customer position in a mutual fund on an annual basis. These fees are reimbursed to VMC for the work it performs on behalf of the funds, which may include, but isn t limited to, subaccounting services, dividend calculation and posting, accounting, reconciliation, client confirmation and statement preparation and mailing, and tax-statement preparation and mailing. Certain funds offered through the FundAccess program assess purchase and redemption fees. In the event that the Portfolio transacts in a fund that assesses such fees or pays the aforementioned forms of compensation to VMC, those fees will be imposed on your transaction(s) and the compensation will be paid to VMC separate and apart from the advisory fees assessed by VAI in connection with the Service. Exchange-listed options VMC routes orders in exchange-listed options to one or more market participants with the objective of obtaining best execution. VMC receives compensation for directing options order flow to specific market participants with which it has a relationship (Citadel Execution Services, Citigroup Global Markets, UBS Securities LLC, and Knight Capital Americas). VMC receives payments at an average blended rate below $0.18 per contract. VMC doesn t receive payment for options orders routed to Pershing LLC. In the event that you transact Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 8
options in your Portfolio, VMC may receive payment for order flow separate and apart from the advisory fees assessed by VAI in connection with the Service. Other investment advisors may not require you to direct brokerage transactions through a specified broker-dealer. By directing brokerage transactions to VMC, VAI may be unable to achieve most favorable execution of clients transactions, and this practice may cost clients more money. The advice provided by the advisor, however, won t take into consideration whether Vanguard or any of its affiliates would receive fees from its recommendation to purchase, hold, or sell non-vanguard investments. If you re interested in receiving other brokerage services, VAI may inform you of the availability of such services through VMC but won t make recommendations of broker-dealers. Custody The Vanguard Group, Inc. ( Vanguard ), the transfer agent of the Vanguard Funds, acts in the capacity of a qualified custodian for those Funds and sends quarterly or more frequent account statements directly to you. Vanguard will also transmit transaction confirmations to you in connection with purchases and sales made in your Vanguard mutual fund account(s). Vanguard Marketing Corporation ( VMC ), a registered broker-dealer, serves as qualified custodian in relation to any Vanguard ETFs, individual securities, third-party mutual funds, or other non-vanguard securities that clients may invest in. As such, VMC sends out quarterly or more frequent account statements directly to you. VMC will also transmit transaction confirmations to you in connection with purchases and sales made in your Vanguard Brokerage Account (provided that VMC may furnish periodic statements of account activity in lieu of transaction confirmations in compliance with Rule 10b-10 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). You should carefully review and compare all account statements and reports from Vanguard and VMC with any account information made available by VAI and contact the appropriate entity with any questions. Vanguard s privacy policy VAI recognizes that your relationship with us is based on trust and that you expect us to act responsibly and in your best interests. Please refer to the copy of Vanguard s privacy policy that was included with your agreement and is distributed to you each year for more information about our privacy practices. You may also find a copy of our privacy policy at vanguard.com, or contact your relationship representative for more information. Connect with Vanguard > 800-416-8420 9
Vanguard Advice Services P.O. Box 709 Valley Forge, PA 19482-0709 Connect with Vanguard > vanguard.com > 800-416-8420 Advice services are provided by Vanguard Advisers, Inc., a registered investment advisor. 2016 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. PPAPASAN 012016