Significant Forecasting Assumptions:

Significant Forecasting s: The tables below identify the significant forecasting assumptions that Council has made and the risks and the level of uncertainty associated with each assumption as well as the potential effects/impact of this uncertainty. Population Growth Low level of population growth has been assumed at a rate of less than 1% per year for the 10 year period of this Long Term Plan (LTP). The 2013 Census results provide the latest detailed population count for the District. Council has assumed a 0.1% per year growth rate for period between the 2013 Census and 1 July 2015, based on the historical growth rate from the 2001 Census to the 2013 Census. This equates to an increase of 67 people and means that as at 1 July 2015 the population of the Horowhenua District is forecast to be 30,163. From 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2025 Council has assumed 0.4% per year population increase resulting in: 120 people per year; 1200 people over the 10 year period; and As at 30 June 2025 the population forecast is 31, 363. The 0.4% growth rate is based on the Medium population projection of the Infometrics review of the Horowhenua District population projections. The below table shows the forecasted population growth annually for the life of this LTP. Census Last Year This Year Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9 Yr 10 2013 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 20/21 21/22 22/23 23/24 24/25 30,096 30,133 30,163 30,283 30,403 30,523 30,643 30,763 30,883 31,003 31,123 31,243 31,363 Population growth across the Horowhenua District is at a significantly different rate (much higher or lower) than assumed or does not occur at a steady and consistent rate. Low

A lower level of growth would result in less demand for services and facilities than the Council has anticipated. This could mean that some of the planned upgrade and/or replacement of assets may be able to be delayed and this could result in a reduction in Council s projected expenditure which could have flow on effects for rates. It could also mean that the costs of undertaking projects or providing services (e.g. swimming pools) would need to be spread across fewer ratepayers. A higher level of growth would increase demand for services and could mean that services may need replacing or upgrading earlier than anticipated. The Council may have to increase rates or borrow more than assumed to fund the replacement and/or upgrade of these services and facilities. Council may also need to use other funding sources such as Financial Contributions to fund growth related development. For some services or facilities, such as swimming pools, a higher level in population growth could result in an increase in the number of people using those services or facilities and therefore the Council would collect a higher amount of user fees and charges. Usual Residential Population Counts from the 2013 Census by Statistics New Zealand. Horowhenua District Council - based on an analysis of trends and indicators to identify an expected growth rate over the 10 year period of this LTP. Infometrics Report, July 2014 Review of population projections for the Horowhenua District. Ageing Population It is assumed that Horowhenua District s population is ageing, with high growth predicted in the over 65 years plus age range in the next 10 years but with little growth occurring in the 20 years and 30 years age ranges. It is anticipated that by 2026 31.4% of the District s population will be aged 65 years or older. The 2013 Census confirmed that 23.7% of the Horowhenua District s population is aged 65 years or older, which is much higher than the national comparison in which the 65 years or older age range makes up 14.3% of the population. This is based on Statistics NZ High growth rate (Assuming a High fertility, Low Mortality and High Migration) which closely approximates the Medium population projection rate from the Infometrics review. (Noting that 31.4% is more conservative than the Low or Medium Growth projections). The median age is assumed to increase from 46.1 years in 2013 to 49.8 years in 2026. Population growth for different age groups is substantially different from what is anticipated e.g. there is less of an increase in the age range of 65 years or older and a greater increase in younger age ranges. Low

If there was a less of an increase in the 65 years or older age range and more of an increase in the younger age ranges (20 year olds to 40 year olds) then this could place more demand on Council s infrastructure. This is because the younger age groups are likely to have larger households (i.e. parents with children) whereas people in the 65 years or older age range are likely to have small households consisting of one or two people. A higher level of demand on infrastructure could result in Council needing to replace or upgrade assets faster than anticipated and this may mean an increase in rates or in Council s level of borrowing. If there was a greater increase in the 65 years or older range than anticipated then this could increase pressure for facilities or services that are targeted more specifically to the needs of an ageing population (e.g. the provision of a hydrotherapy pool) which would mean that Council would either need to reprioritise funds for other projects, increase rates, or borrow to pay for these facilities or services. 2013 Census by Statistics New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand 2006 Base Populations Projections extended to 2046. Household Growth An increase of 135 additional dwellings per year is assumed which will be 1,350 additional dwellings over the 10 year period of this LTP. The majority of this growth is anticipated to occur in the rural (or rural lifestyle) sector. Of the urban settlements the Levin residential area would have the highest household growth. It is also assumed that household occupancy rates (the number of houses in the District occupied) will increase slightly while the average number of occupants per dwelling will decrease slightly to 2.2 people. Number of dwellings: According to the 2013 Census there were a total of 15,048 dwellings (occupied and unoccupied) in the Horowhenua District in 2013. The building records for 2013/14 indicate an increase of 108 dwellings for the 2013/2014 year and for the 2014/15 year an increase of 120 dwellings (new builds and relocated buildings) is anticipated. This means that as at 1 July 2015 there is forecast to be 15,276 dwellings in the Horowhenua District. Censu s Last Year This Year Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9 Yr 10 2013 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 20/21 21/22 22/23 23/24 24/25 15,048 15,156 15,276 15,411 15,546 15,681 15,816 15,951 16,086 16,221 16,356 16,491 16,626 The Horowhenua Development Plan forecasts a range of 120 to 150 new households per annum. The median level

of this range is 135 additional households per year or a total of 1,350 households over 10 years. The change in number of dwellings between 2001 and 2013 is an increase of 1,653 dwellings which is equal to an average annual increase of 137 dwellings. As such 135 additional dwellings per year is considered to be a consistent and realistic assumption for the period of 2015 to 2025. The below table shows the forecasted increase in the total number of dwellings over the next 10 years. Where will the growth occur? The table below sets out the assumption of where the growth in dwellings would occur on an annual basis. Residential Areas Levin 16 20 Foxton 2 7 Foxton Beach 10 12 Waitarere 8 10 Shannon 1 2 Tokomaru 1 2 Manakau 1 4 Hokio Beach 1 1 Ohau 1 7 Waikawa 1 8 Rural 20 Totals 42 93 Rural Areas Household occupancy rates: It is assumed that the household occupancy rate will have increased by 1.75% from 84% in 2013 to 85.75% in 2025 due to some of those people who have built dwellings in the District as holiday homes over the last 10 years now moving here to reside in them permanently as they retire. As such, of the 16,626 total forecast dwellings (x 85.57%) there is anticipated to be 14,257 occupied dwellings in 2025. Average Number of Occupants: There was an average of 2.5 people per house in the Horowhenua District in 2006 (Census 2006) and this declined to 2.3 in 2013 (Census 2013). It is assumed that the average number of occupants within each dwelling will continue

to decline to 2.2 in 2025 due to the ageing population and in particular the high percentage (31.6%) of single person households in the District (3,849 Households). 14,257 (Occupied dwellings) x 2.2 (people per house) = 31,365 people. Note: this is 2 more people than the assumed growth in population which is 31,363 in 2025. However this is considered to be a consistent and appropriate assumption. Overall we assume the population will be 31,363. That future growth of dwellings, occupancy rates, and the average number of occupants varies substantially (much higher or lower) than the assumed rates. That the growth becomes more highly concentrated in one or two areas rather than across the District as assumed. Low to Moderate A lower level of growth in the number of households would result in less income from rates then predicted. This would have a flow on effect of either increasing the cost of rates per ratepayer for the delivery of services, or the Council would need to fund some services and/or planned projects through loans, or it would need to cut back on some planned projects and/or possibly consider reducing the levels of service. A lower level of occupancy or a lower average number of occupants per dwelling could result in there being a reduction in the demand for services and facilities. This could mean that some of the planned upgrade or replacement of assets may be able to be delayed and this could result in a reduction in rates or Council borrowing less. A higher level of growth would increase demand for services and could mean that services need replacing or upgrading earlier than anticipated, however, the Council would have a larger rate base to collect rates from to fund the replacement/upgrade of services. Higher than anticipated growth in one part of the District could require upgrading and renewal projects to be prioritised over other parts of the District. A much higher level of occupancy or a higher average number of occupants per dwelling would result in an increase in demand for services and could mean that services may need replacing or upgrading earlier than anticipated. The Council may have to increase rates or increase borrowing more than assumed to fund the replacement and/or upgrade of these services and facilities. The Horowhenua Development Plan (June 2008). Horowhenua District Council Building Consent Records. Census 2013 - Statistics New Zealand.

Natural Hazards It is assumed that Council has the capacity to borrow any funds it may require to respond to and to recover from a natural hazard event, should such an event occur during the 10 year period covered by this LTP. The Horowhenua District is susceptible to a range of natural hazards including flooding and river erosion, coastal erosion, extreme wind events, and inundation (storm surges and tsunami), land instability (slips, slumps and runoff), seismic activity (ground rupture, shaking and liquefaction) and volcanic activity. Council must have the capacity to borrow funds to respond to a natural hazard event quickly and to be able to provide necessary relief. Council received an A+ credit rating from Standard and Poors in early May 2015. This enables Council s current debt limit, which is set by the Local Government Funding Agency (LGFA), to increase from 175% of our operating income to 250%. Prior to receiving the credit rating Council would have come within $1 million of the 175% limit set by the LGFA in year 5 of this LTP (2019/20). This does not give Council a sufficient buffer to adequately deal with implications if a major natural hazard event was to occur, however, the 250% limit will provide Council with a far more adequate buffer. Some natural hazards are more likely to occur than others in the Horowhenua District. However, there is a relatively high level of uncertainty around when or what type of natural hazard event may occur. There is a risk that a natural hazard event could occur and that cost of recovering from the damage caused by this event would be greater than the funds that are available to Council if it was to stay within its current debt limit set by the LGFA. Low-Moderate If Council required more funds to recover from a natural hazard event then what would be available to Council if it was to stay within its current debt limit then the Council would have to borrow funds are a higher interest rate. This could potentially result in Council having to increase rates to cover the loans. It is noted that the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) provides funding for emergency works required to be done on roads as a result of damage caused by qualifying (natural hazard) events. The NZTA provides assistance at the Council s normal Funding Assistance Rate (FAR) for cumulative claims for the costs of emergency works up to 10% of the Council s approved maintenance programme for the year. For the portion of cumulative claims of the total costs of emergency works that exceed 10% of the Council s approved maintenance programme for the year, the NZTA will provide funding at the normal FAR plus an additional 20%. For example in 2015/16 the Council s approved maintenance programme is approximately $6 million and the

Council s normal FAR will be 50% which means the NZTA would provide funding at a rate of 50% for cumulative claims for emergency works of up to $600,000 and at a rate of 70% for anything beyond $600,000. An increase in the frequency of natural hazards that has occurred in recent history as well as the severity of these natural hazard events (most notably the Christchurch Earthquake 2011) has resulted in an increase in the cost of insurance. Horowhenua District Council. NZTA Planning and Investment Knowledge Base. Climate Change It is assumed that although Horowhenua District may be affected by climate change in the long term (in parallel with predicted national change), that climate change will not impact on this District during the life of this LTP. The Ministry for the Environment (MfE) has predicted the following changes in temperature, rainfall, sea level rise, and flood risks: Temperatures in the Manawatu Wanganui Region could increase between 0.2 C and 2.2 C (projected on a seasonal and annual mean) by 2040; Rainfall in the Manawatu Wanganui Region could potentially decrease by 3% or increase by 10% (projected on a seasonal and annual mean) by 2040 depending on the season or the location. Sea levels in New Zealand have risen on average 1.6 mm per year over the 20 th century. Sea levels are expected to continue to rise in the future. The MfE recommends planning for future sea level rise of at least 0.5m (baseline recommendation) for planning and decision timeframes out to 2090 2099. More heavy rainfall could increase the risk of flooding. This could have an impact for areas prone to flooding such as the Manawatu flood plains. Climate change occurs at a different rate to what has been projected with greater or lesser implications for the Region and the District. Low to Moderate If climate change results in changes that are more significant or which occur sooner than currently predicted then this could place strain on some of Council s core infrastructure e.g. less rain may mean that some water supplies may not be sufficient in the driest months of the year or if there is an increase in heavy rainfalls than this could place additional pressure on Council s stormwater system. If infrastructure needs to be upgraded then this may result in

unbudgeted expenditure which could result in an increase in borrowing, the use of Council reserves or an increase in rates. MfE - Climate change effects and impacts assessment: A guidance manual for local government in New Zealand (May 2008). MfE Preparing for Coastal Change: A guide for local government in New Zealand (March 2009). Legislative Changes Changes in legislation will not result in a significant effect on Council s finances or levels of service. Key areas that could potentially be affected by changes in legislation are in the regulatory and compliance areas of Council including Health, Building and Planning. Possible changes to the Building Act, the Food Act and the Resource Management Act could result in Council having to increase its levels of service or may result in business owners having more responsibility. The changes are as yet unqualified; however, Council officers will closely monitoring the situation. Changes to the Resource Management Act and the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management may impact on Wastewater and Stormwater levels of service depending on the method by which Horizons Regional Council gives effect to those changes. This is not expected to happen until the end of the life of this LTP. There are changes proposed to the Building Act in relation to earthquake prone buildings; the Food Act in relation to food safety including giving businesses the tools to manage food safety themselves; and the Resource Management Act around potentially introducing a national template for District/Regional Plans and reducing consent processing timeframes. Given the clear mandate of the current Government there is a high level of certainty that legislative changes will be made. Such reforms could require Council to implement the legislative changes to its plans, bylaws and regulatory processes. There is uncertainty around the likely cost implications and timing to undertake such changes although there is high expectation that the implementation requirements would fall within the 10 year life of this LTP. Moderate Changes in legalisation may result a requirement to increase levels of service, implement policy and

regulatory changes which may not have been foreseen or accurately budgeted for. Such changes could require additional funding from rates or an increase in fees and charges to implement the legislative changes as directed and within the required timeframes. Horowhenua District Council. Asset Management Plans Council s confidence in the underlying data for the Council s Water, Wastewater, Stormwater, Land Transport (Roads and Footpaths), Solid Waste, and Parks and Property Asset Management Plans is as identified in the table below: Asset class Water Wastewater Stormwater Land Transport (Roads & Footpaths) Solid Waste Parks and Property Data confidence grade ( A means little or no assumption in asset and condition data, E means all data is assumed). C - Data based on sound records, analysis which is incomplete or unsupported, or extrapolated from a limited sample for which grade A or B data is available. C - Data based on sound records, analysis which is incomplete or unsupported, or extrapolated from a limited sample for which grade A or B data is available. C - Data based on sound records, analysis which is incomplete or unsupported, or extrapolated from a limited sample for which grade A or B data is available. B - Data based on sound records, procedure, investigations and analysis, documented properly but has minor shortcomings, e.g. some data is missing C - Data based on sound records, analysis which is incomplete or unsupported, or extrapolated from a limited sample for which grade A or B data is available. C - Data based on sound records, analysis which is incomplete or unsupported, or extrapolated from a limited sample for which grade A or B data is available. Method of assessment Register analysis Register analysis Register analysis Register analysis Register analysis Register analysis for Capital and Operational expenditure in Wastewater, Water, Stormwater and Roading Activities are based on the information in the Asset Management Plans and summarised in the Infrastructure Strategy. for Capital and Operational expenditure in Property, Parks, and Solid Waste Activities are based on the information in the Asset Management Plans. The Roading and Wastewater Activities have a high degree of certainty in long term expenditure projections. The Water, Solid Waste and Parks Activities have a reasonable degree of certainty but are subject to better

understanding of asset condition. The Property and Solid Waste Activities have a fair degree of certainty but are subject to impending decisions on future of ownership, management and operation. The Asset Management Plans are based on the best information currently available to Council. However, Council s information on the condition of its underground assets is continually improving and as this information improves Council will have a better understanding of what assets require renewal and replacement and by when. Moderate More certainty on the condition of underground assets may result in changes to planned replacement programmes and changes to funding requirements. Water, Wastewater, Stormwater data is from Geographical Information System (GIS) based registers (Horowhenua District Council). Roading data and some Stormwater data is from the Road Assessment and Maintenance Management (RAMM) system. Solid Waste, Parks and Property data is in spreadsheet registers (Horowhenua District Council). Asset Revaluations Council is assuming that the impact of the periodic revaluation of assets will be in line with the assumed rates of inflation relevant to local government goods and services and cost fluctuations relevant to each infrastructure sector. Council is also assuming that the expected useful lives of significant assets will remain the same. Asset revaluations take place every three years with the last revaluation occurring in 2014. This is done in accordance with the accounting standards applicable to each class of asset and is shown in the financials as an annual adjustment to asset values and equity equivalent to the inflation rate applied to the opening asset values. Infrastructure asset valuations are based on Council s own recent contract prices where relevant work has been undertaken, otherwise inflation adjustments have been made to reflect regional cost changes, or construction cost indices applicable to each Activity. Asset valuations could be higher or lower than assumed. Key impacts on valuation of infrastructure assets are oil prices and regional economic activity within each relevant sector. Moderate

Increases in valuations would require a higher level of depreciation funding as the cost of renewals would increase and this would impact on other Council spending or would require the Council to increase rates. A change in asset valuation would also impact on the long term renewals and capital addition expenditure projections. Decreases in valuations would require less in depreciation funding as the cost of renewals would decrease and this would have a flow on effect for rates. Horowhenua District Council. Useful Lives of Assets Schedule of assumed asset lives Asset lives are based on the National Asset Management Steering Group Valuation and Depreciation Guidelines 2002 and have been used in the Council s Asset Management Plans and Asset Valuation report 2014. As such it is assumed that assets will last as long as estimated in Council s Asset Management Plans and Infrastructure Strategy which is reflected in the Accounting Policies. The useful lives of Council s assets are as estimated in the below tables: Asset Description Life (YEARS) Asset Description LIFE (YEARS) ROADING WASTEWATER Crossing 100 Treatment 1-100 Bridge 40-100 Airvalve 25 Crossing 50 Cleaning Eye 80 Drainage 50-100 Junction 80 Footpath 20-100 Lac 80 Marking 1 Lateral 60-100 Minor Structure 60 Lateral Cleaning Eye 80 Railing 15-50 Manhole 80 Shoulder 40 Meter 20 Sign 12 Pipe 40-100 Street Light Lamp 10-25 Pump Station 60 Street Light Pole 25-50 Pump Station Mechanicals 15 Sw Channel 10-100 Storage 50 Traffic Facility 8 Valve 60

Road Surface 3-25 STORMWATER Basecourse 60 Airvalve 25 Formation 100 Catchpit 80 WATER Channel 60-100 Treatment 1-100 Culvert 50-100 Airvalve 25 Detention Area 80 Borehole 40 Inlet/Outlet 80 Hydrant 60 Junction 60 Intake 60 Lateral 80 Junction 60 Manhole 80 Lateral 30-100 Pipe 40-100 Meter 20 Pump Station 100 Pipe 30-100 Pump Station Mechanicals 15 Pump Station 100 Soak Pit 60 Pump Station Me 15 Soak Trench 60 Backflow Preventer 20 Valve 60 Service Meter 20 PARKS Sprinkler 10 Playground Equipment 20-40 Storage 50 Surfaces 10-50 Valve 60 Buildings 50-100 PROPERTY Aquatics Mechanical Plant 10-30 Structure 50-80 Aquatics Treatment 20-50 Roof 40 SOLID WASTE Fitout 20-40 Buildings And Minor Structures 50-100 Building Services 40 Roading 50 Minor Structures 50-80 Landfill Cells 33 Electrical Service 10 Council has estimated the useful lives of its assets on the best information available to it currently. As Council s information improves over time these estimates will become more certain. There is a risk that assets could deteriorate at a faster or slower rate than anticipated and this would mean that they may need to be replaced earlier or later than currently forecast.

Moderate Unanticipated asset deterioration may result in unbudgeted expenditure which could result in an increase in borrowing, the use of Council reserves, or an increase in rates. If assets take longer to deteriorate than anticipated then the Council would not need to replace them as early as planned. Council would have more time to set aside funds for the replacement of the assets and would therefore borrow less when the assets eventually did require replacement. Changes in timing around the requirement to replace assets could also result in the cost of replacing an asset changing (i.e. being more or less expensive than anticipated). Therefore Council would either need to come up with funds if the cost of the project had increased or Council could borrow less if the replacement costs had decreased. National Asset Management Steering Group Valuation and Depreciation Guidelines (2002). Horowhenua District Council - Asset Management Plans. Sources of funds for replacement of significant assets It is assumed that funding for the replacement of significant assets will be in accordance with the Council s Revenue and Finance Policy and Financial and Infrastructure Strategies. Funding sources used to finance capital expenditure (i.e. replacement of significant assets) are as per the Revenue and Finance Policy (in order of hierarchy): 1. Third party sources: These are sources that relieve the burden on ratepayers generally. These are not commonly available, but include any government subsidies for water and wastewater schemes and third party donations. 2. Rates: This reflects a prudent propensity on the Council's part to ensure that special purpose reserves are only utilised on a selective basis on relatively significant works in the context of long term planning, rather than on minor works over a shorter term, and a prudent reluctance to increase loan indebtedness unless necessary. 3. Reserves: In particular funds that may be held for larger capital works in specific activities. An example includes water, wastewater, roading and property works financed from the Foxton Beach Freeholding Fund. 4. Borrowing: This reflects a prudent reluctance to increase loan indebtedness unless necessary.

Although it is the last option considered, the LTP provides for substantial new borrowing to achieve an element of intergenerational equity in the financing of a range of major capital expenditure works. Note - loan funding is also used for infrastructural asset renewals where the rate generated reserves are inadequate due to the level of renewals in any one year. That there are insufficient funds available for the replacement of significant assets. Low If the assumed funding sources were not available and a significant asset needed to be replaced then Council would either have to borrow funds and incur higher than usual interest on this loan or defer other planned works that are of lower priority and use the funds that were initially allocated to them to replace the significant asset. Horowhenua District Council. Interest Costs Council is assuming for the 10 year period of this LTP that the interest rate for new borrowing will be between 5.50% and 6.50%. The table below identifies the assumed interest costs over the 10 year life of this LTP. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 5.50% 5.75% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.25% 6.25% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% Interest rates can vary subject to market conditions and could fluctuate beyond what is anticipated, however, 5.50% to 6.50% is considered to be a conservative projection. The lower interest rates projected for years 1 and 2 of this LTP are based on prevailing market conditions as well as Council having recently obtained an A+ credit rating. Moderate Higher interest rates will have an impact on Council s interest expense and consequently the affordability of services provided and the ability to afford capital improvements which are funding from borrowing. Horowhenua District Council.

Depreciation Council is assuming that by 2018 depreciation funds will be adequate to fund asset renewal expenditure. Council has estimated future depreciation on the basis of recent asset valuations and planned capital expenditure, using straight line percentage calculations of depreciation as laid out in the Accounting Policies. The actual cost of renewals may be higher or lower than depreciation. Moderate Underfunding of depreciation would result in increased borrowing requirements to fund asset renewals or potentially not undertaking some renewals as early as initially anticipated. Overfunding of depreciation would result in Council surpluses that could be used to reduce debt. Accounting Policies - Horowhenua District Council. Resource Consents That Council will obtain any resource consents that are required to ensure that it s Water, Wastewater, Stormwater and Solid Waste Activities (and any other activity) can continue to operate. Also that these consents are granted within required timeframes and within anticipated expenditure. Expenditure estimates for resource consents have been prepared based on experience with and observations of trends of previous resource consent processes and standards. These costs have been built into the overall costs of each specific project. It may cost more than anticipated to obtain the required resource consents or conditions that are imposed on the consents may be more stringent than expected. The time taken to obtain a consent could be longer than anticipated and delay the implementation or construction of the project associated with the consent. Moderate Levels of rating, debt, and capital maintenance expenditures would be higher than expected and/or a reorganisation of other expenditure would need to be undertaken. If the consent process takes longer than anticipated then the costs for the project may need to be extended beyond the anticipated timeframe for the project. If the consent conditions impose are more onerous on Council (particularly conditions with ongoing costs such as monitoring) than

anticipated or the legal processes involved with the consent are more protracted, these factors could result in the overall cost of the project being higher. This would require additional funding from borrowing, rates, user fees and charges, or other sources. Horowhenua District Council. Local Government Funding Agency (LGFA) That the Local Government Funding Agency (LGFA) remains in existence and is Council s preferred source of debt funding. Also that the deed guarantee obligations on default of any Council under the deed will not occur. Council is a shareholder of the LGFA and each of the shareholders are party to a deed of guarantee, whereby the parties to the deed guarantee have obligations to the LGFA in the event of default. The risk of a local authority borrower defaulting is extremely low and highly unlikely especially given that all of the borrowings by a local authority from the LGFA are secured by rates. Low Given the extremely low likelihood of the event of default by a local authority borrower, Council has insufficient information to reliably forecast any potential impact of its shareholding. Horowhenua District Council. Asset Sales Council is assuming that it will sell approximately $5 million of its non-core assets within the first 3 years of this LTP period and that these assets will be sold during the year that they are identified for sale. Council assumes that revenue from these asset sales will be used to pay off some of Council s debt. Council is also assuming that it will sell 6 sections per year at its Foxton Beach subdivision and that these sections will be sold in the year they are identified for sale. Council is currently putting together a Property Strategy and as part of this Strategy it will identify which of its noncore assets will be sold. That Council sells more or less than $5 million of its non-core assets or more or less sections at its Foxton Beach subdivision.

Moderate If Council sells less than $5 million of non-core assets or less sections at its Foxton Beach subdivision then it would pay off its debt at a slower rate than anticipated and would accumulate a higher level of interest. If Council sells more than $5 million in non-core assets or more sections at its Foxton Beach subdivision then it could pay off debt faster and would incur less interest than anticipated. Horowhenua District Council. Investment Revenue Council is assuming that dividends will be zero (or immaterial) and that the rate of interest earned on all future investments for the life of this LTP will be between 4% and 4.5%. Most of Council s interest revenue is tagged to special funds and is not a direct supplement to rating revenue or offset against rates requirements. The proposed utilisation of these special funds does not rely unduly on accumulations of interest earnings. The assumed rate is in the range of rates experienced in recent and current prevailing economic environments. There is potential for interest earned to be higher or lower than estimated. Low to Moderate Lower interest rates on Council s investments would lead to lower revenue. However, investment revenue is not significant and as such there would be only a minimal financial impact for Council if these rates were lower than anticipated. Horowhenua District Council

Inflation Annual increases in inflation will be in accordance with the inflation adjusters that have been provided by Business and Economic Research Ltd (BERL) and endorsed for use by the Society of Local Government Managers (SOLGM). The table below details the inflation adjusters that have been used for each category. Adjustors: % per annum change Year ending Roading % % pa change Property, Parks & Reserves % Water % Staff % Other % June 2016 1.2 2.2 5.2 1.8 2.3 June 2017 1.4 2.4 3.8 1.9 2.5 June 2018 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.6 June 2019 2.4 2.6 3.2 2.1 2.7 June 2020 2.5 2.8 3.3 2.2 2.9 June 2021 2.7 2.9 3.5 2.3 3.0 June 2022 2.8 3.0 3.7 2.4 3.1 June 2023 3.0 3.2 3.8 2.5 3.3 June 2024 3.1 3.3 4.0 2.6 3.4 June 2025 3.3 3.4 4.2 2.7 3.6 Council uses standard BERL adjusters however these are predictions and future rates of inflation are subject to a large number of variables which are beyond Council s control and are difficult to forecast. Low to Moderate Rates of inflation greater than those assumed would impact on future cost estimates and the ability of the Community to afford the consequential rate increases. The inflation adjusters have been provided by BERL and have been endorsed for use by the SOLGM.

NZTA subsidy (Funding Assistance Rates) It is assumed that the roading subsidies (Funding Assistance Rates) that the Council currently receives from the NZTA will increase from 50% in 2015/16 to 59% by 2025. Council works closely with its co-investment partner, the NZTA, to undertake its Land Transport (Roads and Footpaths) activities. An increase in funding from previous years is required from both Council and the NZTA for maintenance and renewals to prevent degradation of the District s roading network. Currently Council receives a subsidy of 47% from the NZTA. This subsidy will increase to 50% in 2015/16 and the Council is assuming that this will increase to 59% over the ensuing 9 years and shown in the table below: Normal Funding Assistance Rates for the 2015-18 NLTP and at end of transition 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 End of transition 2023/24 50% 51% 52% 59% Subsidies for roading are calculated annually so it is possible that in the later years of the LTP that the NZTA may not approve as much of a subsidy as Council requests or there may be a variation in the criteria for inclusion in the subsidised works programme. Moderate If NZTA does not approve the requested subsidy in any one year then the Council will have to either increase the funds available for non-subsidised road works which would result in an increase in rates or an increase in borrowing to what Council has initially predicted. Alternatively the Council would have to reduce the amount of road works that it had intended to undertake. Transport Activity Management Plan Horowhenua District Council.

Development Contributions On Tuesday, 26 May 2015 Council decided to cancel its Development Contributions Policy and to no longer charge Development Contributions from 1 July 2015. As such Council assumes that Development Contributions will not be charged for the 10 year period covered by this LTP and that Council will rely on alternative funding sources, such as borrowing and potentially charging Financial Contributions, to cover the costs associated with the growth component of development. Capital expenditure to service additional demands caused by growth will no longer be funded by Development Contributions but instead will be funded by rates or borrowing. Council is also planning to re-introducing Financial Contributions in the next 18 months. There is a risk that growth could be higher than anticipated which could have financial implications with Development Contributions no longer being charged. If growth is higher than anticipated then Council could also decide to reintroduce Development Contributions within the next 10 years. Low With Development Contributions no longer being charged, if growth was higher than anticipated or occurring outside the identified new growth areas then Council would need to borrow more to fund the growth aspects of capital projects. Horowhenua District Council. Financial Contributions Council has adopted a Financial Contributions Policy and will be implementing it within the next 18 months which will enable Council to charge Financial Contributions for development in new growth areas (as identified by Council in its Policy). For this LTP period Council is not anticipating that any development would occur in the new growth areas and as such it is assumed that no revenue will be collected from Financial Contributions. In accordance with section 106(2)(f) of the Local Government Act 2002 a Financial Contributions Policy must, if Financial Contributions will be required, summarise the provisions that relate to financial contributions in the District Plan. The Horowhenua District Plan does not currently include any specific provisions for Financial Contributions. Therefore Council s Financial Contributions Policy will not be able to be implemented until such time as a Plan Change to the District Plan providing for Financial Contributions to be charged has been initiated and become

operative. Development of the Plan Change will commence in the new financial year starting 1 July 2015. The time taken for the Plan Change to be made operative could be potentially 18 months. That the Financial Contributions Policy takes more or less than 18 months to become operative. That development (whether it be a low level or a high level) occurs within the 100% growth areas. Low-Moderate If the Financial Contributions Plan Change takes longer than 18 months to become operative then the Council would not be able to charge these contributions for longer. If it takes less time to become operative then the Council would be able to charge these contributions earlier. Either way the financial impact should be minimal given that Council has not budgeted on any development incurring Financial Contributions occurring in the new growth areas during this LTP period. If development occurs within the new growth areas prior to the Financial Contributions Plan Change becoming operative then the costs of providing services to these areas may be recouped (to some extent) through other mechanisms e.g. charges to connect to Council services. Any costs not recovered through these mechanisms will need to be covered by Council from other funding sources such as rates. Once the Financial Contributions Plan Change is operative if development occurs within the new growth areas then Council will be able to charge Financial Contributions to cover the cost of extending services to areas where development is occurring. Horowhenua District Council.