XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Copenhagen, 22-27 July 2003

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Copenhagen, 22-27 July 2003 New Approaches to Exercise and Sport Psychology Theories, Methods and Applications Book of Abstracts Edited by Reinhard Stelter in coorporation with Dorothee Alfermann, Stuart Biddle, Hubert Ripoll, Glyn Roberts, Roland Seiler, Natalia Stambulova

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Committees Scientific comittee Dorothee Alfermann, University of Leipzig, Germany Stuart Biddle, Loughborough University, UK Hubert Ripoll, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France Glyn Roberts, Norwegian Sport University, Norwey Roland Seiler, Institute of Sport Science, Magglingen, Switzerland Natalia Stambulova, Halmstad University, Sweden Reinhard Stelter, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Chair) Content Welcome... 3 Programme... 6 Abstracts... 18 Abstract overview... 196 List of presenters... 218 Organizing comittee Erwin Apitzsch, FEPSAC, Institute of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden Torben Bundgaard, Sports Confederation of Denmark Lis Engel, Institute of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Lynge Kjeldsen, Danish Gymnastics and Sports Associations Bo B. Overgaard, Team Danmark, Denmark Birger Peitersen, Institute of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Reinhard Stelter, DIFO, FEPSAC, Institute of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Berrit Hedegaard, Van Hauen Conferences & Incentives, Denmark Tina Holt, Van Hauen Conferences & Incentives, Denmark Dorthe Storm, Van Hauen Conferences & Incentives, Denmark Scientific secretariat Christina Christensen, supported by Majbrit Boystrup XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Reinhard Stelter, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen 2003 Layout: Allis Skovbjerg Jepsen Printed By: Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultets Reprocenter ISBN: 87 89361 96 2 2

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Welcome! Welcome to Copenhagen a city where cyclists are part of the cityscape and where you have the possibility to take a swim in the harbour! Welcome to the 11th European Congress of Sport Psychology. I would like you to view this congress placed at the dawn of the new millennium as a suitable moment to intensify the dialogue on the status and new perspectives of our field, in regard to both research and application. In promoting this idea I have been supported by the Managing Council of FEPSAC, who accepted my suggestion of the congress title: New Approaches to Exercise and Sport Psychology Theories, Methods and Applications The title of the congress has fundamental implications. As in other areas of our late-modern society, the positive development of sport, games and physical activity is a great challenge for all of us: Athletes, physical educators, coaches, instructors, sport psychologists and researchers. This positive development should be based on moral values, on equal rights, on social responsibility, on good conditions for everybody to participate in sport and physical activity, and on our understanding of personal, social and cultural differences. The involvement in sport, games and physical activity should be inspired and reflected by a research and practice that is conscious of the changes and challenges of our time. Therefore, it is fundamental to view sport psychology as a human and social science, where the researchers always ask themselves about the relevance of their investigations in regard to morally responsible sport involvement which is oriented towards enjoyment and well-being, and where practitioners always conduct their work on the basis of ethical criteria. In preparing the congress organizers have tried to promote the following five key areas: 1. The body in the psychology of sport and exercise: Here the focus is on bodily experience and personal meaningfulness in regard to sport participation, as well as on the social construction of the body in different sport settings and body practices in regard to possible psychological consequences. 2. Children and youth in sport and physical education: The involvement of children and adolescents in sport, games and physical activities is a keystone for a society which wishes to give the young generation the best possible conditions for a life, where individual self-worth, personal well-being, and solidarity are pivotal for good education. 3. Passion and emotion in sport and exercise: Often Sport is not dominated by rational thought, but by gut feelings which sometimes can be challenging to investigate. Research on emotions can tell us a great deal about, how and why people participate in sport. 4. Coaching for team building and competition in sport: Sport participants, who are dedicated to sport and spend many hours in training and competition, should have the right to receive optimal care and support from their coaches. Sport psychology can provide knowledge and guidelines for coaching strategies where the development of resources and the welfare of individuals and teams is the focus of attention. 5. Interventions to promote physical activity for health & wellbeing: Sport for all is one of the central goals for all sport scientists and practitioners. Sport psychologists have the capacity and the tools to develop strategies that can help to motivate more people in being physical active and that help to enhance the wellbeing of participants, so that their involvement will be lifelong. Some of the suggested key areas were better accepted by the delegates than others. But one trend is obvious when studying the programme: There is a central interest in research where the focus is: 1) On psychological factors and conditions for involvement of the broad public (motivation and wellbeing, active living, mental health); and 2) on critical factors of competitive sport (sport injuries, crisis, career development). I hope that you all find the opportunity to design your personal congress programme. I hope that you have inspiring and challenging dialogues with old and new colleagues. I hope that you keep the title of the congress in mind and use this perspective as a litmus test for your personal evaluation. I hope that you have companionship and enjoyable social gatherings. A face-to-face contact can be the foundation of friendship and lifelong research cooperation. 3

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Finally, I would like to thank the members of the Scientific Committee, the members of the Organizing Committee, the staff from Van Hauen Incentives, the secretaries Allis Skovbjerg Jepsen and Majbrit Boystrup, the webmaster Lars Klingenberg, and last, but not least a word of thanks to the secretary of the Scientific Office, Christina Christensen, for all the support I have received in preparing the congress. Thank you also to all the reviewers for their excellent work. Beside the members of the Scientific Committee, I am grateful to Michel Audiffren (U. de Poitiers, France), Jean Baratgin (U. de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France), Walter Brehm (University of Bayreuth, Germany), Yuri Hanin (Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskyla, Finland), Urban Johnsson (University College Halmstad, Sweden), Jacques Larue (U. de Caen, France), Jörn Munzert (University of Giessen, Germany), ), Yngvar Ommundsen (Norwegian Sport University, Oslo), Iris Pahmeier (University of Vechta, Germany), Bernd Strauß (University of Münster, Germany), Marit Sørensen (Norwegian University of Sport Science, Oslo). They all helped to make this event to what I hope it will become. I wish you as participants and delegates a fantastic and memorable congress! Reinhard Stelter Congress President 4

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Welcome from the president of FEPSAC Dear Colleagues On behalf of the Managing Council of the European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC), it is my privilege and honour to welcome you to Copenhagen for the XI European Congress of Sport Psychology. FEPSAC was created to promote sport psychology in Europe. Today, FEPSAC represents 24 countries with over 600 members. FEPSAC is one of the strongest sport psychology organisations in the world. Psychology is a profession that grew out of a science. The practice of psychology today, and with it sport and exercise psychology, continues to develop in concert with the science of psychology and sport psychology. The programme of this Congress shows the importance of the link between scientific research and practice, and provides a platform for our ongoing discussions on the interface between theory and application. The Scientific Committee under the Congress President Reinhard Stelter has worked hard to bring a strong programme to you within the theme: New approaches to exercise and sport psychology. We have excellent keynote speakers, and this year we have two distinguished scholar lectures: Paddy Ekkakakis is the Biddle Young Scholar in Exercise Psychology, and Professor Jürgen Nitsch is the Distinguished Senior Scholar Lecturer. It is particularly pertinent to recognize Professor Nitsch at this time as he has decided to retire. In addition, we have many invited and submitted thematic symposia for you, and many free research presentations that reflect the strength of sport and exercise psychology. I am excited about the programme, and I know you will enjoy the Congress. The Congress provides an excellent social programme that I hope you will partake in, and enjoy. But most of all, we urge you to contribute to the development of sport psychology through your participation in the sessions. I hope to meet you all, please enjoy. Glyn C. Roberts (Norway) President of FEPSAC 5

Programme Wednesday 23 July 2003 Tuesda uesday 22 Jul uly 2003 13.30-18.30 Registration Room: Foyer 18.30 - Congress opening Incuding two lectures Room: Forsamlingshuset Guido Schilling: The History of FEPSAC Reinhard Stelter: New approaches to exercise and sport psychology Critical reflections Welcome reception Wednesda ednesday 23 Jul uly 2003 9.00-10.30 Symposium 1: Benefits of simulation for decision-making in sport Chair: Hubert Ripoll Room: Lokale 14 Hubert Ripoll, Cyril Aubert & Sébastien Mavromatis: Mechanisms involved in the change of point of view into a 3D-image simulation in sport Gérald Poplu & Jean Baratgin: Theoretical and applied aspects of 3D simulation in sport: Realistic visual scenes versus 3D abstract representations Markus Raab & Joe Johnson: Decision field theory explain individual risk-taking behavior and simulation data in sports Bachir Zoudji, Bettina Debu & Bernard Thon: Using simulation techniques to study the influence of action and handedness on decision-making in expert soccer players Symposium 2: Aspects of imagery in sport Chairs: Tony Morris & Anthony Watt Room: Forsamlingshuset Anthony Watt & T. Jaakkola: Reliability and factor structure of the Finnish version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire Tim Aldridge, Tony Morris & Mark Andersen: A comparison of flotation and autogenic relaxation for the facilitation of imagery of basketball shooting V. Peltomaki, A. Watt, T. Jaakkola & T. Morris: Examination of imagery ability and imagery use in athletes from individual and team sports L. A. Fogarty & T. Morris: Imagery perspective use during imagery of open and closed skills in tennis Symposium 3: Motivational processes and well-being in the physical domain Chair: Joan L. Duda Room: Gymnastikhuset Isabel Balaguer & Joan L. Duda: Achievement goals, well-being and health behaviours among Spanish teenagers Siobhàin McArdle & Joan L. Duda: Understanding variability in the achievement experiences and well-being of perfectionists: A motivational processes/social-contextual approach Michael Reinboth & Joan L. Duda: The relationship of the perceived motivational climate and perceived ability to indices of psychological and physical well-being in sport Anne Marte Pensgaard & Joan L. Duda: Predicting daily well-being among young elite athletes: The role of achievement goals, the motivational climate, and autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs 6

Programme Wednesday 23 July 2003 Symposium 4: Exercise, mood and affect: Exploring mechanisms for change Chair: Adrian Taylor Room: Spisehuset Adrian Taylor, Mark Hamer & Magdelena Katomeri: Experimental manipulation to maximise acute exerciserelated affect Oliver Stoll & Dorothee Alfermann: The Endorphin-Hypothesis : Fact or fiction? Attila Szabo: Comparison of the duration of the mood benefits of acute exercise and humour: Stepping out from the lab Costas Karageorghis, Ruth Hewston, Andy Lane & Alan Nevill: Development and initial validation of the Music Mood-Regulation Scale (MMRS) Guy Faulkner & David Carless: Mechanisms: Exploring the Dodo bird effect Sarah Hardcastle & Adrian Taylor: Building an exercise identity: New women in older bodies 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-12.15 Keynote address: Coaching for team building and competition in sport Gloria Balague Room: Forsamlingshuset 12.15-13.30 Lunch 13.30-15.00 Workshop 1: Body poetics in practice and theory basic energy transforming practices Lis Engel Room: Gym. Rysensteen Workshop 2: Existential psychology and sport: implications for professional practice Mark Nesti & Simon Hartley Room: Lokale 11 + 12 Workshop 3: Team building in elite ballgames What is it? Can it be tested? Morten Bertelsen & Anders Halling Room: Lokale 1 Workshop 4: Counseling athletes in crises Natalia Stambulova Room: Lokale 14 Symposium 5: Psychology of pain and sport injuries Chair: Urban Johnson Room: Gymnastikhuset B. W. Brewer, A. E. Cornelius, J. L. Van Raalte, J. H. Sklar, J. R. Corsetti, M. H. Pohlman, J. C. Brickner, & T. D. Ditmar: Pain and mood following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Magnus Lindwall & Urban Johnson: Personality variables as predictors of injured and non-injured exercisers António Labisa Palmeira & Urban Johnson: Psychological aspects of athletic injury: A cross-cultural study Jens Kleinert: Pain management as predictor and a consequence of sport injuries J. C. van Heerden: Integrating computer-based technology into sports physiotherapy treatment: Monitoring athletes emotional distress and pain perception 7

Programme Wednesday 23 July 2003 Symposium 6: Relationships in competitive sports Chairs: Paul Wylleman & Sophia Jowett Room: Forsamlingshuset Paul Wylleman: A developmental perspective on relationships in competitive sports Sophia Jowett: The dyadic coach-athlete relationship from a meta-perspective Marie-Christine Verdet, Paul Wylleman & Marc Lévêque: Trans-cultural validation of the Sport Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire: A French version Sabine Würth & Dorothee Alfermann: The leadership behaviour of coaches predictor of young athletes performance? Symposium 7: Exercise and the teaching of social and emotional skills Chair: Taru Lintunen & Carole Oglesby Room: Spisehuset Taru Lintunen, Ulla Klemola & Marjo Kuusela: Social and emotional skills in physical education Definitions and methods of teaching and research U. Klemola, T. Lintunen, E. Rovio, M. Kuusela & P. Heikinaro-Johansson: The importance of group safety while learning social and emotional skills M. Kuusela, T. Lintunen, E. Rovio, U. Klemola & P. Heikinaro-Johansson: Teaching and using social and emotional skills in physical education a qualitative case study Taru Lintunen, Ulla Klemola, & Marjo Kuusela: Social and emotional skills in physical education Definitions and methods of teaching and research Jeroen Meganck, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Bert Van Poucke, Elke Van Hoof, Els Snauwaert, Gerrit Scoliers, Eva Maenhout, Leen Gansbeke, Johan Desmadryl: Martial arts: Learning how NOT to fight 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-17.00 Poster Session Presenter s lastname A-G Room: Foyer 17.00-18.30 Workshop 5: Mental training in curling and golf Guido Schilling Room: Lokale 1 Workshop 6: Competitive anxiety and coping strategies of swimmers Valérie Delagrange & Marc Leveque Room: Lokale 9 Workshop 7: Psychology of football Geir Jordet & Leif Gunnar Smerud Room: Lokale 11+12 Workshop 8: Using physical training to enhance concentration capacity and mental endurance Carl Collatz-Hansen Room: Lokale 6 8

Programme Wednesday 23 July 2003 Symposium 8: Implicit learning Chairs: Markus Raab & Richard Masters Room: Lokale 14 Markus Raab: Beyond dissociation: How implicitly and explicitly learned fecisions work together Stephen M. Weiss, Arthur S. Reber, & David R. Owen: Implicit learning processes involved in the acquisition of sensorimotor skills Norbert Hagemann & Ulrich Stantze: Expertise in unconscious visuomotor control? Richard Masters & Chu-Min Liao: Chunking as a characteristic of implicit motor learning Symposium 9: Quality action research in team sports Chair: Esa Rovio Room: Spisehuset E. Rovio, T. Lintunen, O. Salmi & A. Nikander: General and unspecific goals An action research of goal setting in a junior ice hockey team O. Salmi, E. Rovio, T. Lintunen, A. Nikander: Teaching players to be self-directed an action research with junior ice hockey players Nicholas L. Holt & John G. H. Dunn: High performance female soccer players perceptions of an individual values team building intervention Symposium 10: Promoting and enhancing physical activity in young people Chair: Martin S. Hagger Room: Gymnastikhuset Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, Martin, S. Hagger, Stuart Biddle & Luke D. Sage: The influences of continuation intentions on execution of social behaviour within the theory of planned behaviour Martin S. Hagger, Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, Trudi Culverhouse & Stuart Biddle: The processes by which perceived autonomy support in physical education promotes leisure-time physical activity intentions and behaviour: A trans-contextual model Magnus Lindwall & Nathalie Hassmén: The role of self-consciousness in predicting physical selfperception and social physique anxiety: Pattern differences in gender Mike Weed & Ruth Jeanes: The co-existence of sports development and physical activity benefits in the primary PE curriculum in the UK: a case study of TOP Sport Football Round Table 1: Emotions in sport Yuri Hanin, Andy Lane, Natalia Stambulova, Stuart Biddle Room: Forsamlingshuset 18.30-19.30 Break 19.30 - Reception Town Hall & Tivoli Gardens 9

Programme Thursday 24 July 2003 Thur hursda sday 24 Jul uly 2003 9.00-10.30 Symposium 11: Self and identity Chair: Ralf Erdmann Room: Spisehuset Ralf Erdmann: A meta perspective on self and identity Marit Sørensen: The role of athletic identity for empowerment of individuals with a disability in sport P. Varsamis & A. Kitsios: Functions of self-enhancement and reality-assessment during identity interventions with disabled persons Michael Mitrotassios, P. Varsamis, G. Zarotis, A. Sotiropoulos: Achievement identity of soccer trainers in Germany effects of league and experience Symposium 12: New ideas for promoting active living Chair: Nanette Mutrie Room: Gymnastikhuset Nanette Mutrie, Margaret Comrie, Fiona Crawford, Rosanne McMahon, Agostino Noble, Rona Sutherland: Project walk stop : Promoting walkning to bus commuters M.M. Georgiadis & S.J.H. Biddle: Towards more actice lives in obese and overweight individuals: implications for practice O. Padlina: A new CD- and internet based counseling program for the promotion of physical activity Niamh Martin & Catherine Woods: How many minutes did you walk this week? Assesing the feasibility of some questionnaire items Symposium 13: Body, experience and subjectivity - the aesthetic dimension in movement Chair: Lis Engel Room: Lokale 1 Lis Engel: Body poetics and subjectivity: A phenomenological case study of rolfing Helle Rønholt: Aesthetic expressions of children in play and sport Charlotte Svendler Nielsen: Aesthetic moments Sensuous experiences in movement teaching Helle Winther: Towards a deeper understanding of the language of the body and the psychology of movements based on the international dance therapy form Peter Paul Moormann & Lea Rood: Choreography Styles in Figure Skating Symposium 14: Career development in sport, part I Chairs: Paul Wylleman & Natalia Stambulova Room: Forsamlingshuset Paul Wylleman & David Lavallee: Career transition in sport: The need for a developmental perspective Sasa Cecic Erpic: Sports career transition phase: An entity or a sum of sub-phases? Kresten Blæsild & Reinhard Stelter: Psychological and Social Consequences of Career Transition out of Professional Football A Multiple Case Study Symposium 15: Pain management and physical activity Chairs: Jens Kleinert & Roberta Antonini Room: Lokale 14 Jens Kleinert: The pain management status injury (PMS-I): Scale development and evidences for validity and reliability Roberta Antonini-Philippe: Cognitive strategies in the pain control Dietmar Samulski & Daniel Azevedo: Analysis of psychological pain control: A comparative study between athletes and nonathletes Babett Lobinger: Pain management and physical activity in the elderly 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 10

Programme Thursday 24 July 2003 11.00-12.15 Keynote address: Talking bodies in sport psychology Andrew C. Sparkes Room: Forsamlingshuset 12.15-13.30 Lunch Public meeting - Information European Master in Sport, Health and Well-Being Room: Lokale 14 13.30-15.00 Workshop 9: Body language and non-verbal communication Helle Winther Room: Gym. Rysensteen 13.30-15.00 Symposium 16: Career development in sport, part II Chairs: Paul Wylleman & Natalia Stambulova Room: Forsamlingshuset Jüerg Schmid & Roland Seiler: Leaving competitive sports: Reasons for positive and negative transitions Ulf Järphag and Natalia Stambulova: Psychological aspects of athletic retirement among elite Swedish athletes Miquel Torregrosa, Xavier Sanchez & Jaume Cruz: Prospective vs. retrospective analysis of withdrawing from active sport Stephan Yannick & Jean Bilard: The dynamics of body image during transition out of elite sport Symposium 17: Physical activity intervention using the transtheoretical model Chairs: A. Märki & Claudio R. Nigg Room: Spisehuset A. Märki, A. Conca-Zeller & T. M. Gehring: A systematic intervention for the promotion of physical activity in the elderly: an explorative study Claudio R. Nigg, Massimo Bolognesi, & Massimo Massarini: A Transtheoretical Model-based Physcial Activity Intervention Targeting Overweight/Obese Primary Care Patients: PACE from Italy S. Keller, C. Rutz, S. Ehrhardt-Schmelzer & H. D. Basler: Stage movements and corresponding changes in a standardized behavioral group program for overweight/obese individuals in a primary care setting Sylvia Titze & Willibald Stronegger: German reconstruction of the processes of change of the Transtheoretical Model and application in women Symposium 18: Sexual abuse in sport Chair: Celia Brackenridge Room: Gymnastikhuset Celia Brackenridge, Joy D. Bringer & Daz Bishopp: Researching and managing abuse in Sport Kari Fasting & Nada Knorre: How safe is sport? The experiences of sexual harassment in and outside sport Jan Toftegaard Nielsen: Sex on the playing field: Prevalence and situational risk factors for sexual abuse in sport Symposium 19: The interactive nature of motor learning Chair: Beatrix Vereijken Room: Lokale 14 Beatrix Vereijken: The influence of task constraints on motor learning Ingunn Fjørtoft: Landscape as playscape: Motor learning in natural environments Geert J.P. Savelsbergh: The coupling of information and movement Steinar Bråten: Understanding the timing of movements in ski jumping 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 11

Programme Thursday 24 July 2003 15.30-17.00 Poster Session Presenter s lastname H-P Room: Foyer 17.00-18.30 Workshop 10: Exploring new forms of representation in qualitative research Andrew C. Sparkes Room: Lokale 14 Workshop 11: Coach education and sport psychology in soccer Paul Wylleman & Andy Cale Room: Lokale 11+12 Symposium 20: Physical activity & aging Chair: Marcin Krawczyñski Room: Lokale 1 Marcin Krawczyñski: Stability of results of the Intervention-Prevention Programme for people over 60 years old Artur Ziolkowski: The morality and the living values of adolescents sportsmen the students of religious and secular high schools Piotr Wlodarczyk & Artur Ziolkowski: The education of parents, as the prediction of taking up the physical activities in different age groups Piotr Wlodarczyk: The gender and age impact on taking up the physical actions, as well as other healthy activities in the particular professional and youth groups Mariusz Lipowski & Malgorzata Lipowska: Motivational role of self-description in taking up physical exercise among women at different age Symposium 21: Structural equation modelling Chairs: D. Birrer & A. Watt Room: Spisehuset Daniel Birrer & Mark B. Andersen: Testing the circumplex structure of an English version of the Mood Scales of Abele-Brehm and Brehm A. Watt, M. Spittle, T. Jaakkola, & T. Morris: Confirmatory factor analysis of measures of sport imagery ability and use Sonia Lippke, Jochen P. Ziegelmann & Reinhard Fuchs: The HAPA-model applied to physical exercise: An example of using SEM Emma Guillet, Philippe Sarrazin & Paul Fontayne: When are athletes most at risk of dropping out? A new method: The survival analysis Symposium 22: The use of mental imagery in sports Chair: Marc Boschker Room: Forsamlingshuset Marc Boschker: Implementing action-based imagery in sports Jörn Munzert: Motor Imagery from an Information Processing Ineke Vergeer: An exploration of factors affecting vividness of physically-orientated mental imagery Peter Paul Moormann: The use of mental imagery in figure skating Round Table 2: Psychology of Sport and Exercise - discussion with the editiors Stuart Biddle Room: Lokale 9 Round Table 3: European network of young specialists in sport psychology Duarte Araujo, Bjørn Carlsson & Els Snauwaert Room: Gymnastikhuset 12

Programme Friday 25 July 2003 18.30-19.00 Bus transport to the institute 19.00 - Sports activities - Institute of Exercise & Sport Sciences including barbecue Frida riday 25 Jul uly 2003 9.00-10.30 Symposium 23: Children in movement, play and sport Chairs: Anne Maj Nielsen & Helle Rønholt Room: Gymnastikhuset Kirsten Fink-Jensen: Movements and gestures in music s a study of learning processes in interplays between children with special contact difficulties Sven-Erik Holgersen: A phenomenological perspective on a 2-year-old girl s dance Anne Maj Nielsen: Why use qualitative methods studying learning in movement, play and sports? Helle Rønholt: Learning as participation Video observation and interviews with children in fourth grade physical education classes Symposium 24: Strategies to promote physical activity and their effects Chairs: Walter Brehm & Petra Wagner Room: Forsamlingshuset P. Wagner, W. Brehm, R. Sygusch, A. Schönung: The Seven Sequences: Three Types of Different Energy Consumption T. Jørgensen & M. Aadahl: Determinants for increasing physical activity in the general population the Inter99study H. Strang & E. Knisel: Motivational Training in Health Sport Groups M.N.M. van Poppel, E.M.F. van Sluijs, W. van Mechelen: A PACE intervention in Dutch general practice: feasibility and short-term results Symposium 25: Europeans in the United States: Multiculturalism in sport psychology service delivery Chairs: Artur Poczwardowski & Keith P. Henschen Room: Lokale 14 Artur Poczwardowski: Cultural Intentionality in Sport Psychology Consulting: A Pole in New York Gloria Balague: The cultures of the team and the culture of the consultant Peter Haberl: Arguing with Arnold Schwarzenegger. Or an Austrian working for the U.S. Olympic Keith P. Henschen: Multicultural Sport Psychology Consulting: Practical Concerns and Issues Symposium 26: Quality management in sport psychology - evaluating process and outcome Chair: Roland Seiler Room: Spisehuset Monika Liesenfeld, Roland Seiler & Daniel Birrer: The development of a standardized documentation system for applied sport psychology Cristina Baldasarre, Daniel Birrer & Roland Seiler: Preliminary experiences with a documentation system for applied sport psychology Tomas Gursky: When to proceed quickly and when slowly? Effectiveness of individual psychologival interventions relaring age, sportsmastership and problem category Mark B. Andersen: Service delivery quality mangement through supervisory processes 13

Programme Friday 25 July 2003 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-12.15 Keynote address: Psychomotor approaches and possibilities in physical education and sports Suzanne Naville Room: Forsamlingshuset 12.15-13.30 Lunch Closed meeting for Koordinators of the Euromaster Room: Lokale 14 Workshop 12: Mentoring in the coach athlete relationship: Analysis and modelling in elite sport Ekaterina Totchilova-Gallois & Marc Lévêque Room: Lokale 11+12 Workshop 13: Psychomotor therapy an applied perspective Suzanne Naville Room: Gym. Rysensteen Workshop 14: Is it possible to explain the body? Liv Duesund Room: Lokale 14 Symposium 27: Predicting, understanding and enhancing sport-related moral functioning Chair: Maria Kavussanu Room: Lokale 1 Eilis Magee, Aynsley Smith, Matthew Sorenson & Mike Stuart: The development of a comprehensive program to promote moral behavior and sportsmanship in youth ice hockey Maria Kavussanu: Achievement goals, beliefs about cheating and unfair play in football Blake W. Miller, Glyn C. Roberts & Joan Duda: Effect of perceived motivational climate on moral functioning and sportspersonship in youth team sports Athanasios Papaioannou: Sport violence and goal orientations in physical activity and life in Greek adolescence Symposium 28: Therapeutic methods in sport psychology Chair: Satu Kaski Room: Spisehuset Satu Kaski: Therapeutic change in an athlete with competition anxiety: Cognitive-constructive psychotherapy and its application in sport psychology Frank van den Berg: Cognitive techniques in mental training: An integrative approach Rico Schuijers: Dissociation techniques in mental training consultancy Taru Lintunen: An intervention with a group of figure skaters using ratio-emotive-therapy (RET) technique Symposium 29: Attentional processes, decision-making, information-processing and coping strategies in sport Chair: Gershon Tenenbaum Room: Gymnastikhuset Gershon Tenenbaum: Visual control and attention flexibility in basketball and tennis players Duarte Araújo: A dynamical systems approach to decision making in sport Ronnie Lidor & Abraham Ben-Zaken: The effectiveness of attentional strategies under quiet and under distracted conditions Markus Raab & Joe Johnson: Take the first: Option generation in sports 14

Programme Friday 25 July 2003 Symposium 30: Issues in support of the investigation of mental health effects from exercise in clinical population Chair: Peter Van de Vliet Room: Forsamlingshuset Peter Van de Vliet, Nanette Mutrie & Patrick Onghena: Different research approaches towards the exercise mental health relationship Guy Faulkner: Attitudes regarding exercise as therapy David Carless & Ken Fox: Psychological benefits of physical activity for people with schizophrenia Michel Probst: Hyperactivity: The unknown enemy in exercise therapy 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-17.00 Distinguished Senior Scholar Lecture: Motivation reconsidered and action-logical approach J. Nitsch Room: Forsamlingshuset 17.00-17.30 Break 17.30-19.30 FEPSAC General Assembly Room: Forsamlingshuset 19.30 - Evening free 15

Programme Saturday 26 July 2003 Satur turda day 26 Jul uly 2003 9.00-10.30 Symposium 31: Sport and gender Chairs: Dorothee Alfermann & Gertrud Pfister Room: Forsamlingshuset Dorothee Alfermann: Gender and body satisfaction: A social role interpretation Gertrud Pfister: Doing sport is doing gender sport and socialisation from a constructivist perspective Natalia Stambulova: Gender issues in sports career adaptation and children s play with peers: Are there any parallels? Kari Fasting: Gender and theories of sexual harassment Symposium 32: Physical activity across the lifespan: Motives and barriers Chair: Gregory S. Kolt Room: Spisehuset Gregory S. Kolt: Why older Australians participate in exercise and sport Narender K. Chadha1 & Gregory S. Kolt: Barriers to physical activity participation in older adults: A crosscultural study Helen Rogers & Tony Morris: An overview of the development and validation of the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure (REMM) Lisa O Keefe & Tony Morris: The role of sport in the social status system of Australian adolescents Symposium 33: The role of motivational variables on peer relationships in youth soccer Chair: Glyn Roberts Room: Gymnastikhuset Glyn C. Roberts & Yngvar Ommundsen: Achievement goals and peer relationships in youth soccer Yngvar Ommundsen & Glyn C. Roberts: Friendship Quality and Peer Acceptance Among Young Soccer Players: the Role of the Motivational Climate Blake W. Miller, Glyn C. Roberts & Joan Duda: The impact of motivational climate on peer and coach determined moral atmosphere Symposium 34: Underrecovery, overdoing and overtraining Chairs: Daniel Birrer & Mark B. Andersen Room: Lokale 1 Göran Kenttä: Understanding overtraining syndrome and burnout Sean Richardson & Mark B. Andersen: Overdoing-it in elite sport: Risk factors for overtraining behaviour and outcomes Daniel Birrer, David T. Martin, Mark B. Andersen, Tamie Ebert & Brian Stevens: Mood changes and physical stress prior to and during a six-day stage race in male road cyclists Mark A. Stoové & Mark B. Andersen: What are we looking at? And how big is it? Round Table 4: Coaching a leadership style in change Reinhard Stelter, Gloria Balague, Rolf Haugen & Mikael Trolle Room: Lokale 14 10.30-11.00 Coffee break 11.00-12.15 Keynote address: Sport and the psychology of pain Kirsten Kaya Roessler Room: Forsamlingshuset 16

Programme Saturday 26 July 2003 12.15-13.30 Lunch Editorial Board Meeting - PSE Room: Lokale 14 13.30-15.00 Poster Session Presenter s lastname R-Z Room: Foyer 15.00-15.30 Coffee break 15.30-16.30 Biddle Young Scholar Lecture on Exercise Psychology P. Ekkekakis Room: Forsamlingshuset 16.30-17.30 FEPSAC Award Room: Foyer 17.30-18.30 Break 18.30-19.00 Boat trip to Holmen 19.00-02.00 Closing Banquet including presentation of FEPSAC Award Farewell Party 17

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology Abstracts The relationship between the type of attachment between coach and athlete and the development of eating disorders in elite distance runners Susan Abbiss & Istvan Soos University of Sunderland, United Kingdom istvan.soos@sunderland.ac.uk The growth of eating disorders amongst distance runners is a major concern in athletics. This group of athletes are at particularly high risk for the development of eating disorders (Sundgot-Borgen 1994). According to Bowlby s (1958) attachment theory, an individual becomes attached to someone to feel secure and ease their anxieties, and research suggests that individuals with eating disorders haveexperienced insecure or anxious attachment patterns in childhood. These attachments that are formed in childhood are hypothesized to influence behaviours and attachments that are formed in later life.the task now is to challenge existing theories of the development of eating disorders amongst elite athletes by examining the relevance of attachment theory and redress the analysis of the reasons why eating disorders develop. We need to challenge original theories by formulating and testing hypotheses, which if confirmed, would lead to significant changes in the measurement of the likelihood of eating disorders developing and also in the formulation of a prevention programme. Perceptions about the causes of sport success among moroccan athletes and coaches Baria Abderrahim, Hassan Nabli & Lahcen Oubahammou Ecole Normale Supérieure, Casablanca, Morocco bariaabdou@caramail.com The purpose of this quantitative and qualitative study was twofold: first, to identify the perceptions of 546 Moroccan athletes (165 women and 381 men) and 60 coaches (20 women and 40 men) about the causes of success in sport, and second, to compare these perceptions according to gender, age and the type of sport practiced. To determine perceptions about the causes of success, an Arab version of Duda and White s (1992) questionnaire was completed by subjects. Individual interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and inductively analysed (Côté, Salmela, Baria, and Russell, 1993). The most important quantitative and qualitative finding arising from this study was the fact that success in sport was mutually assigned to internal factors as effort and skill. These factors, which are generally under the individual s control, were much similar than different between the athletes and coaches. Success in sport stems also from a person s total commitment, fair play and love of the training. Representative meaning units illustrate the perceived causes of success in sport. These perceptions increased with age. Most aged athletes seem to provide more importance to the different causes of success, especially effort and skill than younger athletes. The illegal factors as cheating, use of drugs and doping have been contested strongly by the majority of the athletes and coaches. These results are consistent with other research in the western context regarding athletes views of excellence. Moral functioning in youth soccer F. E. Abrahamsen & G. C. Roberts Norwegian University of Sport Science, Norway frankeirik@hotmail.com The study examined the effect of gender, perceived motivational climate and the moral atmosphere of the team on moral functioning. A total of 705 young soccer players competing in a major international tournament for children participated in the study (boys n = 365 and girls n = 340), age 13-16 years old. Gender differences were found in perceived motivational climate, moral atmosphere and moral functioning. Generally, males indicated lower levels of moral functioning and moral reasoning than did girls. Moderate relationship between the perceived motivational climate and the moral functioning variables were found for both girls and boys; performance climate was related to judging inappropriate behavior as appropriate, an intention to behave inappropriately and reported actual behavior. For girls, a performance climate predicted inappropriate behavior through the regression analysis, and was supported by canonical correlation; a strong performance climate combined with a low score on the mastery climate scale was negatively related with moral judgment, intention and behavior. The perceived moral atmosphere was the strongest predictor of moral judgment, intention and reported behavior for both boys and girls. The gender differences may be the result of different socialization norms for boys and girls within teams, and future research directions to investigate socialization processes are suggested. 18

Abstracts Effect of concentration training on attentional style Jayashree Acharya Reader, Sports Authority of India, LNCPE, Trivandrum, India jayashreeacharya@rediffmail.com The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of concentration training on attentional style as a function of skill level in soccer. Here by attentional style we mean the type of focus which is necessary for that specific sport and situation. In addition the study was aimed at comparing the subjects own scores of concentration, attentional style and skill level prior and after the training program. Participants were 19 male soccer players of collegiate level. Mean age of the sample was 20.5 years (SD=1.1). Soccer skill of each participant was evaluated by three experts on a 5-point rating scale. Concentration was evaluated using Knox cube imitation test and random number for concentration. Attentional style (narrow and wide) in soccer was evaluated by a self designed test. To test the narrow attention shooting at the shooting wall from 12 yards distance with different sequence was given. For wide attention dribbling from the centre circle around the ½ arc with cones being placed and kicking at the goal from 12 yards distance with different sequence was given. Following baseline measures the self-designed concentration training was provided on and off the field, 3 and 2 days respectively each week, 25-30 minutes per session. On the field concentration training included breathing and concentrating on breathe pattern, concentrating on one football, one football from the whole lot of football kept, concentrating on a football from group pf balls and counting the breathe cycle. Off the field concentration training included realizing and concentrating on breathing pattern along with alert relaxation, passive thinking( concentration goals), watching the clock face, focussing at an object/ letter(om), mental calculations of mathematical sequence, finally counting respiration and concentrating on it while keeping own self completely relaxed.participants demonstrated statistically significant (p <.05) improvements in all skill level, concentration and attentional styles. Kineziotherapy as a supporting treatment Milena Adamkova Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic ohnivi.atomici@quick.cz The research deals with a form of Kineziotheapy. It deals with cognitive-behavioural therapy using intending exercise programmes on state of mind of the patients in a supporting treatment. In this programme was using gymnastics exercises, breath exercises, dance exercises, expression exercises, cooperation exercises and music as its main means.the aim of this programme was a positive perception of one s own body and positive experience with one s own body in space and time; loosing tension; realization of the presence of other people, experience presence of other people, cooperation with other people and the confrontation imaginations and castings on neighbourhood with reality.the accent was given on having positive emotional experience and creating safe place full of trust.this programme was repeatedly applied to heterogeneity groups of schizophrenic patients. The patients were hospitalised in psychiatric clinic for hospitalisation from 50 to 70 days.the effect of the programme was gauged by means of POMS test, which had been given at the beginning and at the end of each program. Influence of physical training classes on complex motor reaction time in pre-school children E.K. Aganiants, G.B. Gorskaya & T.A. Perminova Kuban State Academy of Physical Education, Russia tperminova@yandex.ru Organized motor activity is a factor ensuring the central nervous system (CNS) development. Its influence manifests itself at the age of 4-7, at the sensitive period that is characterized by the accelerated growth of organism and the differentiation of higher section of brain. Moreover perception and processing of information take place on a qualitatively new level at a rhythm participation (since age 6) and at the acceleration of cerebral cortex tertiary zone maturation rates. Taking into account the marked functional link of brain and hands as a value of physical training influence degree on psychophysiological development, we studied the time of complex motor reaction of both hands. Investigation was conducted twice a week after a PT class (motor strength 75-80 %). Initial level of reaction time at rest was determined at the beginning of the investigation. Authentic difference in the value between boys and girls was not revealed. While fulfilling the task, children made 1-3 mistakes (out of 10 tests). Boys made mistakes more often. While comparing the results it was revealed that the time of complex motor reaction grew shorter by 25 % (119 ms) after PT classes. The rates of shortening in boys and in girls were the same. Children made single mistakes. According to the data obtained physical loads of sufficiently high intensity promote the acceleration of attention concentration, the acceleration of speed of the obtained information processing by brain ensuring adequate perception and behaviour in the environment. 19

XI th European Congress of Sport Psychology The problem of the sport career termination Marisa Cury Agresta¹ ², M. Regina F. Brandão¹, Silas Cipriano de Paula¹ & Flavio Rebustini¹ 1 Orpus, Mental Training Institute, Brazil ² Cemafe, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Brazil orpus@terra.com.br In Brazil sports career termination is a neglected topic. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the impact of career termination on futsal (indoor soccer) players in four aspects: psychological, physical, social, and professional. Ten former professional futsal players were assessed. Their mean age was 25.2 ± 3.4 years old, having been athletes for 11.7 years, and being retired from sports for 2 years. The participants answered the Orpus Sports Career Transition Questionnaire (OSCTQ). Data was analyzed by calculating the frequencies (percentage) in answers to each questionnaire item. Data showed that for 70% of subjects, the decision to retire was involuntary. Injuries (30%) as well as the relationship between athletes and leaders (30%) were the aspects considered by players as the most frequent causes for sports career termination. Most of the former players have described the transitional period as a time of mixed emotions but with a prevalence of sadness (40%). There was health deterioration for 80% of subjects after retirement. As far as a new choice of career is concerned, we can see that only 40% of them are satisfied with it, while 20% are not adapted to their new way of life. We can conclude that involuntary retirement brought unexpected changes in the players life style, and they were left without any help to deal with this transitional period. This study is going to be continued but even this initial part gives an explanation why most of the former professional futsal players in Brazil have psychological and professional difficulties after retirement. Symposium 2: Aspects of imagery in sports A comparison of flotation and autogenic relaxation for the facilitation of imagery of basketball shooting Tim Aldridge, Tony Morris & Mark Andersen Victoria University, Australia Tony.Morris@vu.edu.au The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of flotation and autogenic relaxation as facilitators of imagery of basketball shooting. Participants were 18 (9 male; 9 female) A-grade, junior basketball players, aged 15 to 19. Following administration of standard consent procedures, and several days before and after the intervention, participants completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ), and a basketball shooting self-efficacy scale. At the same times, participants threw 50 shots from the free-throw line. After the pre-test, participants were assigned to the flotation or autogenic relaxation condition, each of which consisted of three, 55-minute sessions, each comprising 25 minutes of relaxation, then 15 minutes of the same basketball free-throw shooting guided imagery program, 5 minutes of consolidation time, and, finally, 10 minutes of wake-up time. Participants attended sessions in consecutive weeks. Immediately before and after each session, participants completed the A- State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Heart rate was monitored throughout each session, using Polar telemetry. of Analyses of Covariance indicated that participants in the flotation intervention performed free-throw shooting at a higher level than those in the autogenic relaxation intervention, had higher movement imagery scores, and reported higher self-efficacy for basketball shooting. They also experienced lower heart rates than the autogenic relaxation participants during each relaxation session. Power and effect sizes are reported and implications of these findings are discussed. Team task cohesion and individual performance in elite basketball B. Aleksandravichiute & I.M. Sheshchiliene Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Lithuania i.sesciliene@.lkka.lt This study examined the links between task cohesion and factors describing individual sport results. First, the authors hypothesized that task cohesion level in teams have to be medium. Second, that relationship would be observed between task cohesion and individual factors of sport results. Four elite basketball teams of Lithuania were studied. Task cohesion we established by Lebedev test. Individual performance results were studied according competitions proceedings. We referred to such factors describing individual sport result as efficiency, total points, total rebounds, total assists, total steals, total blocks, turnover, 3 points made percent, 2 points made percent. As obvious only total assist show direct interaction between athletes, other factors show individual results. According to the results of the study, in all teams task cohesion is rather low (9-17%). As we know, cohesion level is different in different kind of sports. But in basketball it should be higher. In all teams it was established relationship between task cohesion and total assists. In three teams is relationship between task cohesion and athletes age and total steals. In two teams we determinate correlation between task cohesion and total rebounds. And in one team we determined correlation between task cohesion and total sport records, in another correlation between task cohesion and total blocks or 2 and 3 points made. 20

Abstracts Symposium 31: Sport and gender Chairs: Dorothee Alfermann 1 & Gertrud Pfister 2 1 University of Leipzig, Germany 2 Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark alferman@rz.uni_leipzig.de Gender theories and empirical data from the sport context are presented in this symposium. Its focus lies in the combination of theory and research from psychology and sociology. It starts with a discussion from a constructivist perspective arguing that doing sport and socialization into sport is per se a way of constructing gender (Gertrud Pfister). Natalia Stambulova emphasizes sport socialization as well but from a developmental perspective. She shows how children s play and athletes career development show similarities with regard to gender differences. Dorothee Alfermann considers gender differences in body satisfaction and physical self-concept over the life span. The greater emphasis women seem to place on physical attractiveness is discussed from a social role perspective that allows to take different gender role expectations into account for explaining the data. Kari Fasting s contribution focuses on sexual harrassment in sport and discusses theoretical models for its explanation. Symposium 31: Sport and gender Gender and body satisfaction: A social role interpretation Dorothee Alfermann University of Leipzig, Germany alferman@rz.uni_leipzig.de In Western cultures women typically are less satisfied with their figure and their physical attractiveness than men. The reasons are seen in socio-cultural expectations where women s attractiveness has important functions for mating and for life success. But evolutionary theories could also explain gender differences in body satisfaction. Empirical data shows that women s self-esteem and physical attractiveness are closely related. It is suggested that women s and men s concerns about their body varies over the life-cycle depending on the role-expectations and the tasks that have to be fulfilled. In addition, gender identity should moderate gender differences. In a series of studies with young, middle aged and older adults these hypotheses are tested on the basis of Alice Eagly s social role model. The creativity of the human body in movement Maura Maia do Amaral Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain mauramaia@hotmail.com This work is part of an investigation for a doctoral thesis currently being developed at the Autónoma University of Madrid. A general objective of the investigation is to analyze the relationship between learning dance techniques and the creativity of the human body in movement. Then, as specific objectives, to analyze the scientific investigation of motor creativity; to build a definition for motor creativity for choreographers and dance teachers; to identify the psychomotor abilities that lead to motor creativity; identify the elements that collaborate to increase this creativity; and develop a program to foster motor creativity. To form a sample, 16 dance teachers and choreographers were interviewed. These participants were from different dance genres and nationalities, and all met the criterion of having been in the dance field for at least 10 years. As a method, a semi-structured interview guide inspired by the one developed by Csikszentmihalyi (1996) was used. The sample was asked questions related to education and professional area, work habits and intuitions, family and social sphere and a specific topic about creativity. The data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the conclusions it was found that 81.25% of the sample had beginnings in the dance field as a child or teenager, an important point considering that in the topic of learning motor skills it is very important to start early in order to incorporate complex abilities that improve performance. Furthermore, it was no surprise to find that that 81.25% of the sample participants dedicate all their time to dance. Correlating these results with the Csikszentmihalyi theory of creativity (Individual, Field, Domain), suggests that it is very difficult to be considered creative under that system. For this, the Csikszentmihalyi model and the concept of creativity are discussed. The effects of goal setting on performance in selected sports skills among Nigerian adolescents Athan N. Amasiatu University Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria Athan_amasiatu@yahoo.com This study examined the effect of goal setting on performance in selected sports skills among Nigerian adolescents. Three hundred and sixty (360) adolescents consisting of 180 boys and girls were randomly selected for the study using intact group class techniques. The ages of subjects ranged between 21