DISSERTATION GUIDELINES

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DOCTORAL PROGRAMS DISSERTATION GUIDELINES PHNOM PENH 2013

1. Introduction The dissertation is a culminating task in applicable programs that allows the student to demonstrate pertinent knowledge, skills, research expertise, and possible practical application in his or her discipline. It is critically important for our students to demonstrate their abilities to pursue systematic investigations and examine significant issues or problems as they work towards graduating and becoming competent professionals. As a requirement for graduation from the National University of Management (NUM) with the degree of Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), each student must complete and successfully defend a dissertation. A dissertation is an involved research activity that is expected to represent a high-level of professional competence. As a complex and in-depth project, a dissertation is expected to include advanced research designs and analysis, provide an extensive review of the professional literature, and to make a significant contribution to the professional literature in the field. A dissertation must be scholarly, succinct, and of sufficient quality to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Research for the dissertation is generally conducted using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methodology with focus on a specific issue or topic within the student s discipline. This dissertation guideline designates to help students and their committees as set of foundations for working together. 2. Selection of Research Topic The first phase in the preparation of a dissertation is the careful selection of a research topic. Students are strongly encouraged to meet with their faculty members or potential dissertation supervisors to discuss their research topics. Students, in consultation with potential supervisors, should select a dissertation topic and the dissertation topic should be related to their field of specialization and area of interest.

Carefully read and review professional literature in their area of interest before making a final decision on their topic of research. Consider whether the questions of interest have been addressed in other research in similar or different forms and whether these questions are worthy of study. Students are required to register the dissertation (see Form A) and then submit to the School of Graduate Studies before starting proposal writing. 3. The Dissertation Committee The Dissertation Committee is comprised of a Dissertation Committee Chairperson (supervisor) and one or two additional committee members (co-supervisor). The Chairperson should be a full-time faculty member of the National University of Management (NUM). However, there are some circumstances where it may be necessary for an adjunct faculty member to serve as a Dissertation Committee Chairperson. In that instance, an adjunct faculty member, with permission of the Director of the Graduate School and approved by Rector, may serve as the Dissertation Committee Chairperson. The Dissertation Committee Chairperson should have expertise in the main topic area of the dissertation and be someone with whom the student works well. At least one committee member is knowledgeable and experienced in the type of research techniques to be applied by the student in his or her research. 3.1. Responsibilities of the Dissertation Committee Chairperson The following are main responsibilities of the Dissertation Committee Chairperson: - Guiding students to develop time-frame for dissertation writing - Determining that the proposal meets dissertation standards - If necessary, the Dissertation Committee Chairperson may require the student to address any deficiencies by taking courses, doing an independent study, or reading additional material - Chairperson is responsible for the initial review and approval of chapters or proposal and then direct the student to cycle it through the other committee

members for additional feedback and approval to move toward scheduling the proposal defense. - The Dissertation Committee Chairperson may consult with other readers to provide quality control of the dissertation. - Ensuring that the student has done all that is necessary to develop, conduct, and write a quality dissertation prior to scheduling the final oral defense. - Assessing the student s capability to undertake the study and defend the dissertation. 3.2. Choosing Committee Members Once a Dissertation Committee Chairperson has been chosen, it is important to select the other one or two members of the committee. While the Dissertation Committee Chairperson is the head of the committee and the person with whom the student works most closely, the other members are also important contributors to the process, and should be consulted for their expertise. The following are main responsibilities of the Dissertation Committee Members: - Reviewing and providing feedback and commenting on the student s proposal - Attending and participating in Proposal Defense - Reviewing the final draft of the dissertation and providing feedback and comments. - Attending and participating in the Progress and Final Dissertation Defense. 4. The Proposal Writing and Defense 4.1. The Proposal Writing The proposal proposes the study the student would like to conduct. Therefore, it is important for the proposal to present clearly what the topic is? Why it is important to study? And how it should be studied? The proposal consists of

- Introduction: background, problem statement, objectives of study, scope and limitation, and significance of study; - Literature Review: cover the most important theories or research findings upon which the research problem and hypotheses are based; - Methodology: discusses the procedures to be followed in conducting the study and the overall research design. 4.2. The Proposal Defense Once the proposal has been written, it is time to schedule the proposal defense. The purpose of this examination is to give the student feedback about areas of possible improvement to successfully complete the dissertation, and then proceed with the research. Students should consider this process consultative and collegial in nature, as the goal is to provide constructive criticism that will ultimately aid in the successful completion of the dissertation. Before a proposal defense can be scheduled, the dissertation committee chairperson and the committee member must approve (see Form B) the draft and agree that the student has written a quality proposal that is ready to be examined. Schedule a room for the proposal defense with the school of graduate studies. The following activities usually occur during the proposal defense: - The student is asked to give a brief 20 to 30 minute summary of the proposed study and respond to questions from the committee. - The Dissertation Committee Chairperson serves as the moderator. - After the student s presentation, the student and the committee meet for a question and answer session wherein all committee members may question any aspect of the study. - The student is then excused and the committee convenes to complete the Proposal Defense Evaluation (Form C). On this form, the committee may direct the student to revise, expand, or delete portions of the proposal and will give the student details of the requested information or changes. The student is informed of the committee s decision after the evaluation has been completed.

5. Writing the Dissertation Dissertations follow a very specific layout (see Dissertation Layout), and typically include consistent content. Writing a dissertation may seem like an overwhelming task, but it can be made more manageable by breaking it into smaller sections. Good organization throughout the writing process will facilitate this task greatly. Remember, the entire dissertation must be in APA style (see APA Guidelines). Chapters of the Dissertation The body of the finished dissertation begins with a brief abstract of the research conducted and the results obtained. This section should be headed with the word Abstract, centered, at the top of the page. Each chapter of the dissertation should begin on a new page, clearly headed with the word Chapter, followed by the chapter number and the title of the chapter. The dissertation consists of five or six chapters. Each chapter is discussed in more detail below. Chapter I: Introduction Chapter I should include the following sections, each with their own subheading: Background: A general statement is needed to explain what the study proposes to accomplish, its significance, and implications. A discussion of selected literature should be included here, but limited to the specific issues needed to explain the purpose of and need for the study. It should include only those references that provide the historical framework for a statement of the problem. Statement of Problem: This section focuses on the specific problem that the study proposes to address. Included in this section are the research questions to be addressed and their accompanying research hypotheses.

Objectives of Study: To handle the problem statement above, what is the need for this research? What are implications of the research? And what are the possible conclusions? Scope and Limitation: The scope to be made in the study is given here. These are factors or statements considered to be valid. Since it would be difficult to take all factors into consideration, there will naturally be certain limitations in doing the study. The major limiting factors in the study, which could possibly affect the results, should also be addressed in this section. Contribution of Study: What will it contribute to the student s field of specialization? Chapter II: Review of the Literature Reading, exploring, and thinking about what others have done will help the student understand concepts and issues related to the topic. It will also help the student to see whether someone has already researched these ideas or areas for further inquiry in the topic area. Book chapters and published journal articles will be the majority of the reference materials. The literature review needs to be comprehensive. It should cover the most important theories or research findings upon which the research problem and hypotheses are based. Each topic has a different number of published studies. Therefore, this section will vary in length, depending on the topic. Chapter III: Methodology The methodology chapter discusses the procedures to be followed in conducting the study, and the overall research design. Chapter III should include the following sections, each with their own subheading: Research Method: Describe the methodology used (i.e. quantitative, qualitative). Sample Used: Give a description of the sample to be employed and its size. The method of sample selection should also be given (i.e., random, cluster, systematic).

Instruments Used: List and describe the survey, research, or testing instruments and data collection forms to be used in gathering data for the study. The reason for the use of these instruments should also be given. Defend the choice of instruments and address reliability and validity of the instruments. Procedures Followed: State the sequence of steps followed in conducting the research, from development of the research instrument(s) to data analysis. Data Analysis: Address how the data will be analyzed. What statistical methods will be used? Chapter IV: Discussion of Findings This chapter focuses on the data gathered throughout the procedures used in the study. If an original study has been conducted, discuss the statistical methods used, all available data, significance levels, and if the hypotheses were supported by the data. If the study is correlation in nature, give the r values or multi-r values and significance levels. Beta weights may be used as an alternative, if these are more descriptive. If the dissertation is theoretical in nature, discuss the theoretical model in detail. Except for qualitative studies, this chapter is relatively short and technical for most dissertations. Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendation In this chapter, interpret the results and discuss the implications of the results from Chapter IV and how they relate to the field. Discuss any limitations of the study and areas for future research. References Alphabetically list all references cited in the dissertation, using APA Style, 6 th Edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, for listing references (see APA style). Do not list any references that were not actually cited in the dissertation.

Appendices Include all additional information or materials that support but are not a part of the study in Chapters I-V. Examples include: copies of instructions for participants, permissions obtained from organizations or agencies to use resources, materials, or facilities, descriptions of any special conditions of the research, etc. 6. The Final Oral Defense The final oral defense serves the purpose of ensuring that the student has conducted an academically acceptable dissertation. Reasons for conducting a final oral defense include: - To check that all questions proposed by the study are answered. - To gauge the student s knowledge of the area studied. - To test the student s ability to make an oral presentation and respond to questions in a public forum. - To serve as a forum for members of the Dissertation Committee as well as the community at large to provide input into the study. - To provide a medium through which the university community can be made aware of the study undertaken. - To serve as a definitive demonstration of the student s knowledge, skills, research abilities and sense of practical applicability as well as contributing to the field of study. 7. Processes of Final Defense The School of Graduate Studies (SGS) of the National University of Management (NUM) has organized the key procedures in sequential order in order to make it easier for DBA/PhD students to complete all of the final steps required. The key procedures required for Final Dissertation Defense of PhD/DBA dissertation are summarized as below:

7.1. Before Final Defense Before final dissertation defense, dissertation chairperson and committee member(s) must approve student s dissertation and agree that it is ready for the final defense. Dissertation committees do this by adding their signatures to final defense approval (see Form F), and the School of Graduate Study will obtain this approval. Student then bring two copies of the abstract, with abstract cover sheet and seven copies of the dissertation, with dissertation title page to the School of Graduate Studies. 7.2. Registration of the Final Dissertation Defense Submit scheduling for the dissertation final defense with specific date, time that you have arranged with your chairperson and committee members. The School of Graduate Studies will announce the date, time, and location of the final defense in a memo (see Form G) to you, your chairperson and committee members. 7.3. Conduct of Final Dissertation Defense The purposes of the dissertation defense are to ascertain (1) whether you have proposed a significant thesis in the dissertation and (2) whether you have defended the dissertation adequately by offering appropriate and effective arguments. Procedures for conducting the defense are at the discretion of your dissertation committee. These procedures are usually agreed upon immediately preceding the examination. At the conclusion of the defense, you will be asked to leave the room while the committee deliberates and votes to recommend for "pass" or "fail". Once a decision is made, the student will be brought back to the room and be informed of the decision, without including the specific grade to be received. The four categories of decisions are: 1. Pass and dissertation accepted with no change required. 2. Pass with minor revisions required of the dissertation. 3. Pass with major revisions required of the dissertation. The student needs to apply for one semester s extension. 4. Fail.

When a student receives a pass with major revisions required of the dissertation, the examiners have the option to require a reexamination of the revised dissertation, a second oral exam, or both. Students failing their dissertation are not allowed to retake the dissertation subject. 7.4. Following Successful Defense of the Dissertation Make revision suggested by the committee and prepare revised final dissertation. Submit five hard book copies to the School of Graduate Studied within three months of the date of graduation. 8. Dissertation Layout Students are required to follow the following dissertation layout: Front cover: Cover page is the same as title page, including the name of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, the university logo, the name of university, the school of graduate studies, the title of dissertation, the name of the author, the statement of submission, specialization, and the date (see Form J). Secondary title page: The same as title page including the names of supervisor and co-supervisor (s) (see Form K). Committee approval: A sheet of committee approval on the dissertation of the candidate and the date of final defense. This sheet is seen and approved by the Rector of the National University of Management (see Form L). Declaration: The statement declaration of the candidate for his/her dissertation written with signature (see Form M). Acknowledgement (see Form N) Abstract (see Form O )

Table of contents (see Form P) Page: Using A4-size paper. The color of dissertation cover is according to the decision of the NUM committee. Font and size: Using Time New Roman with 12 size Format: Using 1.2 inch top page margins, 1.2 inch right page margins, 1.5 inch left page margins, and 1 inch bottom page margins with centered page number at the bottom of the page and 1.5 spacing within document. Page numbers: From Acknowledgement, abstract, table of contents, and list of figures and tables use Roman Numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.). In the main body of the dissertation, use the regular page numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.). Section Numbering: When signifying section numbers, use regular numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.). To signifying subsections use (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.). If signifying any additional subsections use (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, etc.) References: Using APA style (American Psychological Association) (see Form Q). Binding: Bind the dissertation on the left hand side and have the year of graduation along with full title, name of the university, school of graduate studies, name posed on the front hard cover book. Number of Copies: Submit five hard book copies to the School of Graduate Studies.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT Form A SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DISSERTATION REGISTRATION Please complete this form and return to the academic office at the school of graduate studies for your dissertation registration and committee approval. Student Information: Name: Sex: ID: Promotion: Telephone: Group #: Email: Proposed Title: Proposed Timeline: Student s Signature Date Proposed Committees: (Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date ******************************************************************** Approved: Director of Graduate School Signature Date Rector of NUM Signature Date

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT Form B SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES PROPOSAL DEFENSE APPROVAL This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ID: is deemed to have completed a dissertation proposal on: Dissertation Title: which meets the criteria for, and represents the quality of a doctoral-level dissertation. Therefore, we are requesting that the proposal defense is scheduled for: Date: Time: Place: Committee Approval: (Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date ******************************************************************** Approved: Director of Graduate School Signature Date

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT Form C SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES PROPOSAL DEFENSE EVALUATION Mr./Mrs.: ID: Dissertation Title: Date of Presentation: Student s Evaluation Items Satisfactory Background 1 2 3 4 5 Statement of problem 1 2 3 4 5 Objectives of study 1 2 3 4 5 Literature review 1 2 3 4 5 Methodology 1 2 3 4 5 Quality of proposal writing 1 2 3 4 5 Oral presentation 1 2 3 4 5 Response to questions 1 2 3 4 5 (1) Unsatisfactory, (2) Fair, (3) Satisfactory, (4) Very Good, (5) Excellent Comments: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name of Committee Signature Date

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT Form D SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES PROGRESS PRESENTATION APPROVAL This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ID: is deemed to have a progress of dissertation writing on Dissertation Title: which meets the criteria for, and represents the quality of a doctoral-level dissertation. Therefore, we are requesting that the progress presentation is scheduled for: Date: Time: Place: Committee Approval: (Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date ******************************************************************** Approved: Director of Graduate School Signature Date

Form E MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DOCTORAL PROGRAMS DISSERTATION PROGRESS REPORT Semester: Academic Year: 1. Name of Student: 2. Matrix #: 3. Telephone: 4. Address: 5. E-mail: 6. Program of Study: Ph.D. DBA 7. Area of Specialization: 8. Name of Supervisor: 9. Name of Co-supervisor(s): 10. Title of Research: 10. Last date of Thesis/Dissertation report submitted: 12. Frequency of consultation with the supervisor:

13. Research Progress: 13.1. Research Outline: 13.2. Data Collection: 13.3. Data Analysis:

13.4. Chapter Completed: I certify that statements above are true, complete and correct. (Signature of Student) (Date) 14. Evaluation of Research Progress Report (To be filled up by examination committee) 14.1. Comments on research progress report:

14.2. Student s Evaluation Items Satisfactory Background 1 2 3 4 5 Statement of problem 1 2 3 4 5 Objectives of study 1 2 3 4 5 Literature review 1 2 3 4 5 Methodology 1 2 3 4 5 Quality of dissertation writing 1 2 3 4 5 Oral presentation 1 2 3 4 5 Response to questions 1 2 3 4 5 (1) Unsatisfactory, (2) Fair, (3) Satisfactory, (4) Very Good, (5) Excellent Comments on research progress presentation: (Name of Committee) Signature Date ********************************************************************* Approval: Director of Graduate School Signature Date

Form F NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES FINAL DEFENSE APPROVAL This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ID: is deemed to have completed a dissertation on Dissertation Title: which meets the criteria for, and represents the quality of a doctoral-level dissertation. Therefore, we are requesting that the final defense is scheduled for: Date: Time: Place: Committee Approval: (Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date ******************************************************************** Approved: Director of Graduate School Signature Date

Form G NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ANNOUNCEMENT OF FINAL DEFENSE Date: To: From: Subject: Dissertation Committee, Faculty, Staff, and Students School of Graduate Studies, NUM Final Defense Mr. or Ms. will present a defense of his/her dissertation entitled of The defense will be on: Date: Time: Place: An abstract of the dissertation is attached to this announcement. All dissertation committee members are required to attend; other faculty, staff, and students are invited to attend.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, YUTH AND SPORT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Form H ABSTRACT CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ON PURCHASING LIFE-CHANGING VS SIGNIFICANT PRODUCTS By SOUN HONG A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Supervised by: Prof. James McCullough (Supervisor) Prof. Mei Rose (Co-Supervisor) Phnom Penh 2009 Form I

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES FINAL APPROVAL OF DISSERTATION PUBLICATION This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ID: Dissertation Title: Has been successfully defended and approved for final submission and publication. The suggested changes have been completed satisfactorily. Committee Approval: (Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date (Co-Supervisor) Signature Date ********************************************************************* Approved: Director of Graduate School Signature Date

Form J MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DETERMINANTS OF JOINT VENTURE PERFORMANCE IN CAMBODIA KANG SOVANNARA Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration SPECIALIZATION IN MANAGEMENT Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2009

Form K MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DETERMINANTS OF JOINT VENTURE PERFORMANCE IN CAMBODIA KANG SOVANNARA Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Supervised by: Prof. James McCullough (Supervisor) Director and Jewett Distinguished Professor, School of Business and Leadership University of Puget Sound, Washington State, USA Dr. Ly Sok Heng (Co-Supervisor) Deputy Director of the School of Graduate Studies National University of Management Phnom Penh, Cambodia Phnom Penh, Cambodia January 2009

Form L COMMITTEE APPROVAL The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Kang Sovannara, Code No. DMG 01010003, defended on January 09, 2009. Dr. Kem Reat Viseth (Chairman) Prof. James McCullough (Committee Member) Dr. Ly Sok Heng (Committee Member) Dr. Tan Saroeun (Committee Member) Dr. Eap Vuthy (External Committee Member) Dr. Nin Try (Committee Secretary) Dr. Chey Sarin (MOEYS Representative) Approved: Dr. IV Thong Rector, National University of Management The National University of Management has verified and approved the above named committee members.

Form M DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own work and has not been submitted for a degree at any university. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references given. Kang Sovannara National University of Management Phnom Penh, Cambodia January 9, 2009

Form N ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor James McCullough, Director and Jewett Distinguished Professor, School of Business and Leadership, University of Puget Sound, Washington, USA, for his valuable guidance, detailed and constructive comments, and for his important support throughout this dissertation writing. His wide knowledge and his logical way of thinking have been of great value for me. Special thanks are due to Dr. Ly Sok Heng, Deputy Director of the School of Graduate Studies, National University of Management, Phnom Penh, for his valuable contributions in serving as committee member of this study. I would also like to thank H.E. Dr. Iv Thong, Rector of the National University of Management, H.E. Dr. Lor Socheat, Vice Rector of the National University of Management, and H.E. Dr. Kem Reat Viseth, Director of Graduate School, for providing valuable advices, facilities and administrative supports enabling me to have an opportunity for pursuing Doctor Degree of Business Administration at the National University of Management. Special thanks are also due to all faculty members, especially my friends Mr. Keo Kuyly, Mr. Heng Sopheap, Mr. Phul Borann and all NUM's students whose important helps in conducting this survey and I would also like to express my thanks to our government officers from Cambodia Development Council (CDC), from the Ministry of Commerce (MoC), and managers from joining firms operating in Cambodia, for their helps, supports, and friendships in presenting this dissertation. Finally, and most importantly, I would like to thank my wife, Va Sichann, whose constantly support, encouragement, and patient love enabled me to complete the dissertation.

Form O ABSTRACT International joint ventures (IJVs) are an important organizational model for expanding and sustaining global business and have been of special relevance for the emerging Cambodia market for the decades. While international joint ventures offer specific economic advantages they also present serious management problems that lead to high failure rates, especially in least developed countries (LDCs). Due to the lack of specific legal framework and policies on joint venture performance, and until now no study has been presented data that systematically consider about joint ventures in Cambodia. The research on determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia would be considered an important contribution to Cambodian government officers and foreign investors as well as local partners in joining business operations. This study would also be considered as the preliminary and in need of corroboration and extension by future research. Our study is first to review all important variables related to joint venture performance in developed countries and developing countries, second to identify the key determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia, third to develop a model for joint venture performance in Cambodia through hypothesis testing, and finally to proposed guidelines for successful joint venture performance in Cambodia. With sample size of 62 firms and 19 interviewing with joint venture mangers and government officers, the results of discussion found that the most factors of motivation in forming a joint venture including emerging new market, utilization of abundant and cheap labor, and incentives offered by the government. The most obstacles for joint venture performance in Cambodia found that: corruption, physical infrastructure, bureaucracy, and black market and smuggling. For the results of hypothesis testing indicates that there are significantly correlations between four independent variables of trust, control, commitment, and ownership with joint venture performance in Cambodia. A conclusion has been made for the joint venture performance in Cambodia, and the proposed guidelines have been made for Cambodian government to effectively dealing with foreign direct investment, especially joint venture operations, and also some guidelines for foreign partners and as well as local partners in successfully operating joint venture in Cambodia and also some recommendations have been made for further study in the future.

Form P TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Content.. List of Table. List of Appendices... i ii iii v vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1.2. Problem Statement. 1.3. Objectives of Study... 1.4. Scope and Limitation. 1.5. Contribution of Study 1.6. Organization of Study 1 2 4 4 5 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Definitions of International Joint Venture. 2.2. Reasons of Forming a Joint Venture. 2.2.1. Motives of Foreign Partners... 2.2.2. Motives of Local Partners.. 2.3. Basic Elements of a Joint Venture 2.4. Classification of Joint Ventures 2.5. Management Challenges of International Joint Ventures. 2.5.1. Challenges of Partner Selection. 2.5.2. Challenges of Negotiation Agreement... 2.5.3. Challenges of Different Strategic Perspectives. 2.5.4. Challenges of Incompatibility Aspects.. 8 14 14 17 19 20 21 23 24 26 26

2.5.5. Challenges of Host Country Environment. 2.6. Determinants of Joint Venture Performance. 2.6.1. Empirical Measures of Performance.. 2.6.2. Trust as a Determinant of Performance. 2.6.3. Control as a Determinant of Performance.. 2.6.4. Commitment as a Determinant of Performance. 28 30 30 36 41 45 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Research Design 3.2. Sampling Method. 3.3. Research Methods 3.4. Data Collection. 3.5. Measuring Variables. 3.6. Statistical Analysis Methods 3.7. Analysis Models.. 49 50 51 52 53 62 63 CHAPTER 4: JOINT VENTURES IN CAMBODIA 4.1. Current Situation of Economy in Cambodia. 4.2. Cambodia's SWOT Analysis 4.3. Foreign Direct Investment in Cambodia... 4.3.1. Openness to Foreign Investment 4.3.2. Performance Requirements and Incentives 4.3.3. Right to Private Ownership and Establishment. 4.3.4. Protection of Property Rights 4.3.5. Bilateral Investment and Agreement. 4.3.6. Foreign Trade Zones and Free Ports.. 4.3.7. Foreign Investment Statistics. 4.4. Joint Ventures in Cambodia.. 4.4.1. Definition of Joint Venture in Cambodia... 4.4.2. Formation of Joint Venture in Cambodia.. 4.4.3. Contributions of Joint Venture in Cambodia. 66 66 68 69 70 73 74 74 75 76 81 81 83 83

4.4.4. Other Joining Forms of Business in Cambodia. 4.4.5. Procedures of Establishing a JV in Cambodia... 4.4.6. The Requirements of Joint Venture in Cambodia.. 84 86 88 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 5.1. Characteristics in Joining Business in Cambodia.. 5.2. Motives for Establishing a Joint Venture in Cambodia. 5.3. Factors Influencing Joint Venture Operations in Cambodia. 5.4. Determinants of Joint Venture Performance in Cambodia 89 90 93 98 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 6.1. Conclusion. 6.2. Recommendations. 6.2.1. Foreign Partners... 6.2.2. Local Partners.. 6.2.3. Government. 6.3. Recommendation for Further Research. 111 112 112 113 114 117 REFERENCES. APPENDICES. 118 124

LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE Table 2.1: Selected International Joint Venture Studies (1970 1997). Table 2.2: Empirical Studies Dealings With Strategic Alliance & Performance Table 2.3: Prior Research on Joint Venture Performance & Control.. Table 3.1: Operationalizations of the Variables.. Table 3.2: Current Methodologies of IJV Studies Focused on Asian. Table 3.3: Analysis Models of Joint Venture Performance Table 3.4: Definition of Key Variables... Table 4.1: The Cambodia's SWOT Analysis.. Table 4.2: Law on the Amendment to the Law on Investment.. Table 4.3: FDI Flows in US$ million (1995-2005). Table 4.4: Cumulative Registration Investment Projects (1994-2005).. Table 4.5: Cumulative Registered Investment Capital by Sector Table 4.6: New Investment Projects in US$ millions by Country (1998-2005). Table 4.7: New Investment Projects in US$ millions by Sector (1998-2005) Table 4.8: Stages of Implementation of FDI Projects. Table 4.9: Requirements of Joint Ventures in Cambodia Table 5.1: Factors Motivation in Forming JVs in Cambodia.. Table 5.2: Factors Influencing Joint Venture Operations in Cambodia.. Table 5.3: Simple Regression Analysis (Trust & Performance). Table 5.4: Simple Regression Analysis (Control & Performance). Table 5.5: Simple Regression Analysis (Commitment & Performance). Table 5.6a: Multiple Regression Analysis (Model 1). Table 5.6b: Multiple Regression Analysis (Model 2). Table 5.9: Summarizing of the Results of Hypothesis Testing... 11 35 44 58 59 64 65 67 71 76 77 78 79 80 87 88 93 98 100 102 104 107 109 110

LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDICES PAGE Appendix 1: List of Sample for Joining Business Firms Appendix 2: Questionnaire. Appendix 3: Joint Venture Registration.. Appendix 4: Joint Venture Application.. Appendix 5: Joint Venture Agreements.. Appendix 6: Joint Venture Charter. Appendix 7: Joint Venture Financial Reports. 124 129 135 140 147 157 166

Form Q APA GUIDELNES FOR REFERENCES Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6 th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2010. From Book: Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The guide to everything and then some more stuff. New York, NY: Macmillan. Gregory, G., & Parry, T. (2006). Designing brain-compatible learning (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. From Chapter of a Book: Bergquist, J. M. (1992). German Americans. In J. D. Buenker & L. A. Ratner (Eds.), Multiculturalism in the United States: A comparative guide to acculturation and ethnicity (pp. 53-76). New York, NY: Greenwood. From Journal Article with DOI: Paivio, A. (1975). Perceptual comparisons through the mind's eye. Memory & Cognition, 3, 635-647. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225 From Journal Article without DOI (when DOI is not available): Becker, L. J., & Seligman, C. (1981). Welcome to the energy crisis. Journal of Social Issues, 37(2), 1-7. Hamfi, A. G. (1981). The funny nature of dogs. E-journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/fdo From Online Newspaper Articles: Becker, E. (2001, August 27). Prairie farmers reap conservation's rewards. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com From Encyclopedia Articles: Brislin, R. W. (1984). Cross-cultural psychology. In R. J. Corsini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 319-327). New York, NY: Wiley. Developmental genetics. (2005). In Cambridge encyclopedia of child development. Retrieved from http://0- www.credoreference.com.library.muhlenberg.edu:80/entry/cupchilddev/develo pment al_genetics From Technical and Research Reports (often with corporate authors)

Hershey Foods Corporation. (2001, March 15). 2001 Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www.hersheysannualreport.com/2000/index.htm From Book Reviews: Dent-Read, C., & Zukow-Goldring, P. (2001). Is modeling knowing? [Review of the book Models of cognitive development, by K. Richardson]. American Journal of Psychology, 114, 126-133. NOTE: For articles that have a DOI, see Journal Article with DOI example. From Data Sets: Simmons Market Research Bureau. (2000). Simmons national consumer survey [Data file]. New York, NY: Author. From Blog post: Lincoln, D. S. (2009, January 23). The likeness and sameness of the ones in the middle. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.blogspace.com/lincolnworld/2009/1/23.php From Website with no author or date of publication: Census data revisited. (n.d.). Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Harvard, Psychology of Population website, http://harvard.edu/data/index.php