RoHS Compliant ATA Flash Drive 187 High-capacity Product Specifications February 6 th, 2014 Version 1.0 Apacer Technology Inc. 1F, No.32, Zhongcheng Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C Tel: +886-2-2267-8000 Fax: +886-2-2267-2261 www.apacer.com
Features: Standard ATA/IDE bus interface ATA command set compatible ATA operating mode supports up to: PIO Mode-4 Multiword DMA Mode-2 Ultra DMA Mode-6 Connector type 40-pin ZIF Power consumption (typical)* Supply voltage: 3.3V Active mode: 280 ma Idle mode: 15 ma Performance* Sustained read: Up to 105 MB/sec Sustained write: Up to 100 MB/sec Temperature ranges Operation: 0 C to 70 C Extended: -40 C to 85 C Storage: -40 C to 100 C Flash management Advanced wear-leveling algorithms S.M.A.R.T. Built-in Hardware ECC: 72bit/1KB Power failure management ATA Secure Erase RoHS compliant MTBF > 2,000,000 hours Capacity 64, 128 GB NAND Flash Type: SLC *The values presented in Performance and Power consumption are typical and may vary depending on various settings and platforms. 1
Table of Contents 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION... 3 2. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK... 3 3. PIN ASSIGNMENTS... 4 4. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION... 5 4.1 CAPACITY...5 4.2 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS...5 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS...5 5. FLASH MANAGEMENT... 6 5.1 ADVANCED WEAR-LEVELING ALGORITHMS...6 5.2 S.M.A.R.T....6 5.3 BUILT-IN HARDWARE ECC...6 5.4 FLASH BLOCK MANAGEMENT...6 5.5 POWER FAILURE MANAGEMENT...7 6. SOFTWARE INTERFACE... 8 6.1 COMMAND SET...8 7. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION... 9 8. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS... 10 9. PRODUCT ORDERING INFORMATION... 11 9.1 PRODUCT CODE DESIGNATIONS...11 9.2 VALID COMBINATIONS...12 2
1. General Description ATA Flash Drive 187 Apacer s ATA-Flash Drive (AFD) is a high-performance, solid state drive (SSD) designed to replace a conventional IDE hard disk drive. AFD supports standard ATA/IDE protocol and can be plugged into a standard IDE connector commonly found in desktop or portable PCs. It is more rugged, reliable and power-efficient compared to the mechanical hard drive and is designed for use in rugged laptops, military devices, thin clients, Point of Sale (POS) terminals, telecom, medical instruments, surveillance systems and industrials PCs. Apacer AFD Series is the best instant replacement for high-maintenance HDD where reliability is a major concern. AFD includes a built-in microcontroller and file management firmware that communicates through with the ATA standard interfaces. AFD is designed to work at 3.3 Volts, support the standard ATA/IDE protocol up to PIO Mode-4, Multiword DMA Mode-2, and Ultra DMA Mode-6 interfaces, and use a standard ATA driver that fits to most of the mainstream operating systems. Featuring technologies as Advanced Wearleveling algorithms, S.M.A.R.T, Power Failure Management, and ATA Secure Erase, the AFD device assures users of security in storage applications. 2. Functional Block The ATA-Flash Drive (AFD) includes the ATA controller and flash media, as well as the ATA standard interface. Figure 2-1 shows the functional block diagram. Figure 2-1: ATA-Flash Drive functional block diagram 3
3. Pin Assignments ATA Flash Drive 187 Table 3-1: Pin assignments Pin # SIGNALS Pin # SIGNALS 1 Reserved 21 GROUND 2 Reserved 22 DMARQ 3 RESET# 23 GROUND 4 GROUND 24 DIOW# 5 DD 7 25 DIOR# 6 DD 8 26 GROUND 7 DD 6 27 IORDY 8 DD 9 28 GROUND 9 DD 5 29 DMACK# 10 DD 10 30 INTRQ 11 DD 4 31 A1 12 DD 11 32 PDIAG# 13 DD 3 33 A0 14 DD 12 34 A2 15 DD 2 35 CS0# 16 DD 13 36 CS1# 17 DD 1 37 DASP# 18 DD 14 38 3.3V 19 DD 0 39 3.3V 20 DD 15 40* CSEL *The pin is set as Master. 4
4. Product Specification 4.1 Capacity Capacity specification of the ATA-Flash Drive (AFD) lists out unformatted, out-of-box capacity information. Table 4-1: AFD capacity specifications Capacity Total bytes* Cylinders** Heads Sectors Max LBA 64 GB 64,023,257,088 16383 16 63 125,045,424 128 GB 128,035,676,160 16383 16 63 250,069,680 *Display of total bytes varies from file systems. **Notes: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes; 1 sector = 512 bytes. LBA count addressed in the table above indicates total user storage capacity and will remain the same throughout the lifespan of the device. However, the total usable capacity of the SSD is most likely to be less than the total physical capacity because a small portion of the capacity is reserved for device maintenance usages. 4.2 Performance Specifications Performance of the ATA-Flash Drive is listed in Table 4-2. Performance Table 4-2: Performance specifications Capacity 64 GB 128 GB Sustained read (MB/s) 105 105 Sustained write (MB/s) 95 100 Note: Performance varies from flash configurations or host system configurations 4.3 Environmental Specifications Environmental specification of the ATA-Flash Drive follows the standards of MIL-STD-810F. Item Table 4-3: ATA-Flash Drive environmental specifications Criteria Non-Operating Temperature -40~100 ( ) Operating Temperature 0 C to 70 C (Standard); -40 C to 85 C (Extended) Vibration* Shock* *Non-operating Sine wave: 15(G), 10~2000(Hz); X, Y, Z axis 1500(G), 0.5(ms), ±X, ±Y, ±Z axis 5
5. Flash Management ATA Flash Drive 187 5.1 Advanced wear-leveling algorithms Flash memory devices differ from Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in terms of how blocks are utilized. For HDDs, when a change is made to stored data, like erase or update, the controller mechanism on HDDs will perform overwrites on blocks. On the other hand, NAND flash storage adopt flash as their primary media. Unlike HDDs, flash blocks cannot be overwritten and each P/E cycle wears down the lifespan of blocks gradually. Repeatedly program/erase cycles performed on the same memory cells will eventually cause some blocks to age faster than others. This would bring flash storages to their end of service term earlier. Wear leveling is an important mechanism that level out the wearing of blocks so that the wearing-down of blocks can be almost evenly distributed. This will increase the lifespan of SSDs. Commonly used wear leveling types are Static and Dynamic. 5.2 S.M.A.R.T. S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, an open standard allowing disk drives to automatically monitor their own health and report potential problems. It protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance and attributes parameters. Ideally, this should allow taking proactive actions to prevent impending drive failure. Apacer devices use the standard SMART command B0h to read data out from the drive to activate our SMART feature that complies with the ATA/ATAPI specifications. Based on the SFF-8035i Rev. 2.0 specifications, SMART Attribute IDs shall include Initial bad block count, Bad block count, Spare block count, Maximum erase count, Average erase count and Power cycle. When the SMART Utility running on the host, it analyzes and reports the disk status to the host before the device reaches in critical condition. 5.3 Built-in Hardware ECC The properties of NAND flash memory make it ideal for applications that require high integrity while operating in challenging environments. The integrity of data to NAND flash memory is generally maintained through ECC algorithms. This ATA-Flash Drive is programmed with a hardware ECC engine which correct up to 72 bits per 1KB. 5.4 Flash Block Management Current process technology is unable to guarantee total reliability of NAND flash memory array. When a flash memory device leaves factory, it comes with a highly minimal number of initial bad block during production or out-of-factory as there is no currently known technology that produce flash chips free of bad blocks. On the other hand, bad blocks may develop during program/erase cycles. When host performs program/erase command on a block, bad block may appear in Status Register. Since bad blocks are inevitable, the solution is to keep them in control. Apacer flash devices are programmed with ECC, block mapping technique and S.M.A.R.T to reduce invalidity or error. Once bad blocks are detected, data in those blocks will be transferred to free blocks and error will be corrected by designated algorithms. 6
5.5 Power Failure Management Power Failure Management plays a crucial role when experiencing unstable power supply. Power disruption may occur when users are storing data into the SSD. In this urgent situation, the controller would run multiple write-to-flash cycles to store the metadata for later block rebuilding. This urgent operation requires about several milliseconds to get it done. At the next power up, the firmware will perform a status tracking to retrieve the mapping table and resume previously programmed NAND blocks to check if there is any incompleteness of transmission. 7
6. Software Interface 6.1 Command Set ATA Flash Drive 187 This section defines the software requirements and the format of the commands the host sends to the ATA-Flash Drive (AFD). Commands are issued to the AFD by loading the required registers in the command block with the supplied parameters, and then writing the command code to the command register. The manner in which a command is accepted varies. Table 6-1: Command set Code Command Code Command E5h Check Power Mode F6h Security Disable Password 92h Download Microcode F3h Security Erase Prepare 90h Execute Device Diagnostic F4h Security Erase Unit E7h Flush Cache F5h Security Freeze Lock EAh Flush Cache EXT F1h Security Set Password ECh Identify Device F2h Security Unlock A1h Identify Packet Device 70h Seek E3h Idle EFh Set Features E1h Idle Immediate F9h Set Max* 91h Initialize Device Parameters 91h Set Max Address EXT 00h NOP C6h Set Multiple Mode E4h Read Buffer E6h Sleep C8h Read DMA B0h SMART 25h Read DMA EXT E2h Standby C4h Read Multiple E0h Standby Immediate 29h Read Multiple EXT E8h Write Buffer F8h Read Native Max Address CAh Write DMA 27h Read Native Max Address EXT 35h Write DMA EXT 20h Read Sector C5h Write Multiple 24h Read Sector EXT 39h Write Multiple EXT 40h Read Verify Sectors 30h Write Sector 42h Read Verify Sectors EXT 34h Write Sector EXT 10h Recalibrate *The command can be configured as Set Max Lock, Set Max Address, Set Max Set Password, Set Max Unlock and Set Max Freeze Lock, depending on the transfer mode in operation. 8
7. Electrical Specification Table 7-1: ATA-Flash Drive operating voltage & operating temperature Ambient Temperature 0 C to 70 C (standard) -40 C to 85 C (extended) Power supply 3.135 ~ 3.465V Modes Table 7-2: Power consumption Capacity 64 GB 128 GB Active (ma) 255 280 Idle (ma) 15 15 Note: Power consumption varies from flash configurations or host system configurations 9
8. Physical Characteristics mm Unit: Tolerance: ± 0.2 10
9. Product Ordering Information 9.1 Product Code Designations AP FD18 C 2 2 B xxxxx S X X T Flash Type FW Version Temperature: Blank: Standard W: Wide Temp. Environmental Specification S: RoHS + Halogen free Compliant Capacity: 0064G: 64GB 0128G: 128GB Product Type B=1.8 inches/180d PCB Version Outline 180D Degree Controller version 1.8 inch ATA Flash Drive Apacer Product Code 11
9.2 Valid Combinations 9.2.1 STD Temp. Capacity 64GB 128GB 9.2.2 Extended Temp Capacity 64GB 128GB Model Number AP-FD18C22B0064GS-T AP-FD18C22B0128GS-T Model Number AP-FD18C22B0064GS-WT AP-FD18C22B0128GS-WT Note: Please consult with Apacer sales representatives for availabilities. 12
Revision History Revision Date Description Remark 1.0 02/06/2014 Official release 13
Global Presence Taiwan (Headquarters) U.S.A. Japan Europe China India Apacer Technology Inc. 1F., No.32, Zhongcheng Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan R.O.C. Tel: 886-2-2267-8000 Fax: 886-2-2267-2261 amtsales@apacer.com Apacer Memory America, Inc. 386 Fairview Way, Suite102, Milpitas, CA 95035 Tel: 1-408-518-8699 Fax: 1-408-935-9611 sa@apacerus.com Apacer Technology Corp. 5F, Matsura Bldg., Shiba, Minato-Ku Tokyo, 105-0014, Japan Tel: 81-3-5419-2668 Fax: 81-3-5419-0018 jpservices@apacer.com Apacer Technology B.V. Science Park Eindhoven 5051 5692 EB Son, The Netherlands Tel: 31-40-267-0000 Fax: 31-40-267-0000#6199 sales@apacer.nl Apacer Electronic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd 1301, No.251,Xiaomuqiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, China Tel: 86-21-5529-0222 Fax: 86-21-5206-6939 sales@apacer.com.cn Apacer Technologies Pvt Ltd, # 535, 1st Floor, 8th cross, JP Nagar 3rd Phase, Bangalore 560078, India Tel: 91-80-4152-9061 sales_india@apacer.com 14