Title: M2M communication and Indian market needs Company: NEC Corporation Purpose: Approval Doc number: IOT2-20100007 Meeting: GISFI#2, Allahabad, India, 15 17 Sept, 2010 1. Abstract Machine to Machine (M2M) communication refers to technologies that allow wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same ability. In this document we present an overview of standardization activities in the field of M2M communication and M2M services over mobile network based on the Indian market scenario. We propose that this document is accepted as input to Internet of Things (IOT) working group deliverable. 2. Introduction IOT can mean several things including Machine to Machine (M2M) communications. In this document we focus on M2M over mobile networks as a form of IOT. M2M wireless communications is an emerging technology that enables communication between machines, in other words devices, where different devices establish communication and exchange information. Basically M2M refers to technologies that allow both wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same ability. We observe that several standardization activities are taking place worldwide in the field of M2M as presented in Section 3. All the standardization activities have specific regional or market focus. As GISFI is focused on standardization from Indian perspective, in Section 4 we have presented several problem areas where M2M can be used in the Indian scenarios. 3. M2M Standardization Activities In Table 1 we present an overview of international standardization activities in M2M. Table-1 Standard bodies working on M2M Standard-bodies M2M Activities /Organizations TIA(Telecommunications - Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards Industry Association) CCSA(China CCSA is supposed to be working on M2M because China is Communications actively deploying smart metering solution. Authors could not Standards Association ) identify details on the standardization activity. ETSI(European - M2M service requirements Telecommunications - M2M functional architecture Standards Institute ) - Smart Metering Use Cases - M2M definitions - 1 -
3GPP (Third Generation partnership project) - System Improvements for Machine-Type Communications - Service Requirements for Machine-Type Communications - Network Improvements for Machine-Type Communications 4. M2M Scenarios for India: Problems and Solutions In this section we explain M2M scenarios from Indian market perspective. 4.1 Banking sector 1. Increasing of population and innovation of the new technologies are engulfing the human life and modernizing the civilization. Particularly during the festival seasons, cultural events, public meetings and other events there is a heavy rush of physical monetary exchange. This raises the demand of fast access Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) services along with close proximity of the same. ATM services are generally available at specific locations which hinder consumer s demand of proximity and fast access. 2. Outage of ATM services is common due to hardware faults, software crashes, network issues and other operational issues. Hence there is a need for intelligent mechanism to identify the problem and recover quickly. 3. Most of the ATMs are wired ATMs, which comes with its own problems such as: a. Wired ATM deployment is extremely difficult, time consuming and expensive with wires running across each ATM locations. The wiring task itself makes up a major part of total cost of deployment. b. When deploying new wired ATMs, selection of buildings in the location is a major challenge when it comes to installing wires, as the regulations defined by Cities forbid any changes to historical structures and their surroundings. 4. The availability of phone line often becomes the determining factor in deciding location for the ATMs deployment. If a particular location (remote location) didn t have reliable landline service, or a new landline service couldn t be easily provided, ATM cannot be deployed. 5. As more and more ATMs are required to be deployed in remote locations, security for the systems and also people using the systems are becoming a great challenge. In some of the incidents, the ATM systems itself was stolen, which demands an intelligent monitoring and security sytem for ATMs. 1. The deployment of ATM using the 4G/3.5G (LTE/WiMAX) wireless technology will enable high speed transaction mobile ATM service at any location (even remote), as LTE offers 100Mbps uplinks bandwidth capacity and WiMAX offers 50Mbps uplinks bandwidth capacity. This solution will serve the consumers demand of fast access and close proximity. The article [10] explains Newer wireless ATMs run on the Windows CE operating system and use the wireless 3G network. What that means for deployers is that wireless ATMs can process transactions in - 2 -
half the time it would take for a dialup transaction. 2. Introducing automatic fault detection & report, recover M2M intelligence in wireless ATM node will increase the service availability. Therefore it does not require company personnel to regularly check & monitor. 3. The wireless ATM installation will be easier than wired ATM since the minimal configuration requirement is to enable the ATM act as a LTE UE. The article [10] also points out that A wireless ATM can be deployed in one day; deploying hardwired ATMs often takes as long as six weeks. 4. The wireless ATM will benefit more to the bank sector as it will reduce the wireless service usage cost, network maintenance cost and ATM service maintenance cost. Article [11] explains One way the Connect WAN Sync can reduce an organization s monthly costs by eliminating expensive leased line and dial line expenses. Because ATM machines use a very small amount of data per transaction, it allows users to take advantage of the new pay as you go data plans offered by wireless carriers. Average ATM machines typically use less than five megabytes per month, which could translate to $15 or less per ATM. In comparison, a leased line could cost $80 per month for low speed frame relay and up to $400 per month for multi-drop lines. 5. Wireless ATM over LTE/WiMAX wireless technology can be enhanced by integrating multiple wireless ATM machines at a place so that all transactions performed over single Radio link could reduce total communication cost. 4.2 Security system 1. The video surveillance security system is essential in Protecting and monitoring the public and private places and their properties. Wired IP CCTV system is ineffective for mobile video surveillance, for example, police requirement for live monitoring of/within public transport systems. 2. Ad-hoc surveillance is especially required for public gathering, peak hours in certain functions etc. All these become even more essential for sensitive areas like those near army camps. Such solutions cannot be provided by wired IP CCTV solutions. This requires fast deployment. 3. Wired IP CCTV deployment is extremely difficult, time consuming and expensive to install wires IP CCTV each location. The wiring process typically makes up a high percentage of the total cost of ownership. Security surveillance department also have to wait for the phone company to get everything turned on and then hope it all works. Hence there is a need of fast deployment solutions that enables the easy install with minimal cost less even at remote location. 4. In situation of long distance automatic remote site monitoring, the wired IP CCTV solution will not be cost effective solution since it requires long distance leased line. For example monitoring oil and gas pipe lines and scientific sites. - 3 -
The problems identified above can be solved by using IP CCTV Cameras over LTE or WiMAX, where each camera will communicate to centralized server via a LTE or WiMAX wireless interface. 4.3 Traffic signs 1. During peak hours in all Indian cities the number of vehicles on the road is very high compared to the available infrastructure, and this leads to traffic congestion. Articles [7] & [8] explain that traffic congestion and the associated delay are major public concerns. Increase in population in cities further stresses the infrastructure and thus the traffic congestion. With increased traffic congestion comes with air quality problems and increase in fuel consumption. Improving the efficiency of the existing highway system (infrastructure) through the implementation of advanced technologies, with the coordinated efforts of various public agencies and the private sector, is one of the best ways to alleviate traffic congestion. 2. In case of ad-hoc traffics congestion points like, processions, marriage party, and other rallies the traffic congestion suddenly increases and leads to multiple traffic congestion loops. These traffic congestion loops take long time to return to normal traffic flow. The traditional traffic system fails to address this issue. Hence there certainly exists requirement of advanced technologies for such traffic handling. 3. In addition to above cases, people also violate traffic rules which lead to traffic congestion because an unplanned traffic is added to the planned traffic. Hence we can say that the current manual traffic rules monitoring & measurement is not efficient method. One such method of optimizing the existing highway system is through implementation of the Intelligent traffic system (ITS) over the GSM network. In this solution ITS is embedded with GSM UE and can be located at the junction points. ITS measures the passage of vehicles and vehicle speed, the level of congestion. This information is received on a second-by-second (real-time) basis and is analyzed on a minute-by-minute basis at the ITS Control Center. The ITS control center can detect traffic loops and locate the free traffic junctions, to enforce the traffic free paths. 4.4 Health monitoring: 1. Health monitoring of patients fail due to various factors like limited numbers of doctors, seasonal diseases and other factors. So to save the human lives, there is requirement of intelligent health monitoring system. 2. Even though there is adequate number of doctors & support staff, some time complication involved in terms of consolidating the various test report leads to delay and mis-conclusion. The complexity becomes even more when considering multiple patients and even common human error of mis-placement of reports. Hence to avoid this error, there is a necessity for intelligent report system. - 4 -
1. Health monitoring devices are embedded with LTE UE where it collects the reports and send it to the health monitor viewer via home enodeb. This system would serve purpose of health monitoring system even if there is lack of doctors and supports staffs. This system will increase the revenue to the hospitals 2. The system shall facilitate the health monitor viewer to move across the multiple patient health report [4].This will facilitate the hospitals to provide the best treatment to patients. 3. The system shall facilitate the health monitor viewer to view patient live video stream. 4.5 Industrial machines: 1. Lot of complication is involved in industrial automation across various sites located far away from each other especially it is complicated to consolidate status and control each unit by manual operation over wired network. Hence to simplify the operation there is requirement of intelligent system with wireless networking. 2. Manual status monitoring and health check of industrial machineries are not possible for machineries like boilers and chemical tanks, containers etc. Hence to check the status of these industrial machineries, there is requirement of intelligent system with wireless networking 1. Industrial parameter measurement devices are embedded with GSM MS and will send all the measurement reports from various sites to the central control system over GSM transport network. 2. Industrial parameters measurements devices are embedded with GSM MS can be located at boilers and chemicals tanks and other units where it will collect the reports and send to the central control system over GSM transport network. 4.6 Other Scenarios 1. Irrigation load control: Highest electricity demand occurs during peak hours when farmers pump water to their fields and people use air conditioners. Demand response programs give utility companies the ability to shift the demand for power during times of peak energy demand [3].Utilities monitor (Energy meters) power usage measurement over wireless technology will help to ensure consistent, reliable electricity for all customers. 2. Vending machine control: Vending machines are big business but the trouble is keeping them operational and fully stocked 24/7 which requires sending someone to check each machine on a regular basis. When we have thousands of vending machines it becomes both costly and inefficient, as many of those trips turn out to be unnecessary. Hence, status monitoring (normal and due to vandalism), price setting, control of sales items loading/unloading could be done over GSM [1]. 3. Elevators control: In public access area where the congestion would be more during in peak hours since more people can use limited capacity pedestrians and other access places. To - 5 -
overcome this congestion there is a need of Elevators with intelligent control system. To monitoring and maintenance, control the elevators can be achieved through using GSM transport network. 4. Heating, ventilation and air condition control (HVAC): Climate changes which can affect the changes in any of the combination of heating and ventilation, air condition. This could be easily achievable in the small rooms, although in case of big offices or complex to make avail this service could be difficult. Hence there is requirement of remote control system would be required. This can be achieved using deployment of remote control system over GSM technology. In terms of security aspects, introduction of authentication &authorization mechanism would protect from the intruders. 5. Billboard control: On the occasion of new festivals or new product release like movie or other commercial product release where billboards are required to advertise and make familiar with peoples. The manual operation may not be suitable to control the group of boards on same time. Hence the introduction of remote control with monitoring and maintenance of billboard over the mobile network is the best solution. 6. House Hold appliances: Residential Service Gateway for Monitoring and Controlling of Household Appliances (connection of multiple household appliances [230 V] to a single gateway via the power line [PLC]). Say a manufacturer of household appliances plans to market a new product line which is fully networkable. All appliances of this manufacturer networked in the home can communicate with each other and also externally with the service provider or householder via an Internet link. To this end a Gateway could be installed in each apartment to handle the data transmission, data storage, data backup and data analysis. Communications between the household appliances and Gateway can take place along power line (PLC Powerline) and beyond Gateway via a GSM/GPRS connection to the Internet/Intranet. Gateway also has a wireless port for local access via wireless-lan. Users can communicate locally with their household appliances via PDA, Laptop or SimPad* (registered trademark of Siemens AG) and a wireless-lan interface. From outside the home the owners can communicate with their house hold appliances via devices equipped with a GSM/GPRS interface [9]. 5. Conclusion Machine to Machine communication system promises to create a truly pervasive environment where machines are active and can communicate with each other without human intervention. M2M is poised to grow in nearly every vertical sector. The M2M technology gives immense opportunities and benefits to corporate world and industry by providing them with better market opportunities and new solution to enhance their business processes. The M2M system can blend with our daily lives seamlessly and provide us with enhanced and intelligent environment. In this document we presented a brief overview of current M2M standardization activity globally and shown problem areas in India where M2M could be used. - 6 -
6. Reference [1].http://www.commscope.com/andrew/eng/support_document/case_study/ icsfiles/afieldfile/2008/ 04/17/Andrew_Delivers.pdf - Andrew Delivers Sweet Wireless Data Solution for Vending Machines [2].http://os.korea.ac.kr/publication_papers/inter_confer/yoo.pdf - MobiVMM: a Virtual Machine Monitor for Mobile Phones [3]. http://www.m2mcomm.com/index.html - Irrigation Load control [4].http://www.lairdtech.com/Industries/Wireless-and-M2M-Communications/ - enable health monitors [5]. http://m2m.orangeom.com/ -m2m overviews [6].http://www.gide.com/portal/page?_pageid=44,139339&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL -Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication Challenges Established (U) SIM Card Technology [7]. http://www.buet.ac.bd/cse/users/faculty/sayeedhyder/paper02.pdf - Towards Automated Traffic System using Vehicular Network with Directional Antenna [8]. http://trafficinfo.lacity.org/html/atsac_1.html - Automated Traffic Surveillance and Control (ATSAC) System [9]. http://www.setrix.com/pdf/papers/wp-m2m-e-040929.pdf-m2m -m2m for home appliances [10]. http://global.networldalliance.com/downloads/white_papers/atmeuipwp_to%20launch.pdf -Wireless ATM [11]. http://www.digi.com/news/pressrelease.jsp?prid=271- making wireless M2M easy [12]. http://courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece445/projects/spring2007/project16_proposal.pdf- Wireless Elevator Remote Control [13]. http://www.etsi.org/website/document/workshop/sosinterop/sosinteropiipresentation04.pdf- CCSA Views on IPR Policy - 7 -