PRO=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë=

Index Abrams, Creighton, 297 acquisitions, military, 64 66, 68, 308 Active Duty Survey, 250 active-duty component, 30 33, 333 336 Air Force, 60 62, 66 67 Air Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program (AFHPSP), 252 253 reserve enlistments, 243 years of service distribution, 130 131 allowances, Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH), 39 40 Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS), 39 40 Overseas Housing Allowance, 40 tax advantage, 40, 45 46 All-Volunteer Force (AVF) and conscription, 70, 189, 300 costs, 4, 12, 268, 303 304 demographics, 216 217 experience profile, 145, 148 imbalances, 2 3, 6 numbers of, 11, 333 334 See also assignment system Annualized Cost-of-Leaving (ACOL) Models, 257 appropriations, military, 270 272 Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 30, 119 Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, 31 Army, 60, 62 63 College First, 123, 261 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 Officer Personnel Management System XXI (OPMS XXI), 164 165 promotion system, 150 152 tooth-to-tail ratio, 297 Aspin, Les, 282 Assignment Incentive Pay (AIP), 141, 260 assignment system, 19 20, 31 33, 137 143, 314 auction system, 141, 260 261 incentives, 138 140, 142 officers, 15 16, 56, 67, 108, 146 147 and professional allegiance, 108 survey to evaluate, 254 tour length, 146 147, 161 162 authorizations, Congressional, 270 272 Aviation Career Incentive Pay (ACIP), 41, 48 Aviation Continuation Pay (ACP), 41

PRO=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH), 39 40 Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS), 39 40 basic pay, 18, 39 benefits, 22 23 See also health care; in-kind benefits; retirement system bonuses, 128 Career Status Bonus, 41 Critical Skills Retention Bonus (CSRB), 41 Enlistment Bonus Experiment, 244 245 hiring bonus, 75 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 recruitment, 41, 48, 174 retention, 132 133 Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), 41, 48, 142 broadband pay structures, 73 74, 76, 89 budget process, Congressional, 269 270 bureaucratization, 98 99, 109 113 Bush, George W., 307 Buyer, Steve, 278 cafeteria plans, 82 83, 193 194, 206 210 evaluation of, 254, 262 263 retirees, 208 career paths, 88 90, 316 317 career force, 155 156, 160 166, 258, 319 commissioned officers, 15 16, 33, 107 109, 320 (career paths, cont.) and compensation, 129, 134 137, 161 enlisted personnel, 129 137 ê~åç study, 158 159 recommendations, 115 116 retention costs, 132 133 spouses, 230 232 technical, 131 132 See also promotion system; retirement system career planning, 88 90 Career Status Bonus, 41 cash compensation, 71, 190 191 centralization, effect on innovation, 64 65 child care assistance, 82, 193, 195 196, 234 235 Chu, David S.C., 13, 233 civilian employers. See private sector cliff vesting, 50, 86 87 See also retirement system College First program, 123, 261 combat arms specialists, 104 106 combat simulation, 295 combat unit replacement, 291 commissaries, 203, 211, 218 commissioned officers, 11, 32 33, 100 118, 145 166 assignment rotation, 15 16, 56, 67, 108, 146 147 career force, 155 156, 160 166, 258, 319 career paths, 15 16, 33, 107 109, 320 in decentralized forces, 66 67 joint requirements, 15, 147 professional allegiance, 104, 108, 110, 117

áåçéñ=ö=prp= (commissioned officers, cont.) promotion, 36 39, 149 155 ranks and pay grades, 339 340 status hierarchy, 104 107 warrant officers, 11, 33, 90, 298 299, 318 See also professionalism; upor-out system competition for jurisdiction, 101 104 organizational, 296 297 See also private sector Congress, 268 272 Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 270 conscription, 70, 189, 300 See also All-Volunteer Force (AVF) contractors, 5 6, 103 104, 308 Critical Skills Retention Bonus (CSRB), 41 Danzig, Richard, 119 decentralized military, 60 68, 307 308 air force, 61 62, 66 67 ground force, 62 63, 66 and officer rotation, 67 and technology, 67 68 Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System (DEERS), 225 Defense Integrated Manpower and Human Resource System (DIMHRS), 284 285 Defense Manpower Commission (DMC), 155 156, 160 Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980, 36, 152 154 Defense Travel System (DTS), 284 Department of Defense (DoD), 11, 70, 267 268, 272 275 appropriations, 200, 210 budget, 12, 268, 303 304 career proposals, 90 direct cash proposals, 80 81 DoDEA (Education Activity), 238 leadership structure of, 272 274 non-cash proposals, 85 QRMC, 266 retirement proposals, 88 Department of Education, 200 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 191, 200, 210 dependents, 82 dependency differential, 44 45 of reservists, 174 See also family support and services deployment pay, 256 257 Desert One, 300 Desert Storm, 220 See also Gulf War development and procurement, military, 64 66, 68 direct cash, 71, 80 81 distributed military. See decentralized military Domestic Violence Task Force, 221 downsizing, military, 257 dual-ladder career, 89 90 duty MOS qualification (DMOSQ), 181

PRQ=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= E-10 pay grade proposal, 89, 137 education, of children in military families, 233 234 of commissioned officers, 32 community colleges, 125 Department of Defense Education Activity, 228 GI Bill, 192, 243 244 as in-kind benefit, 84, 192 overseas, 218 spouses, 222 Veterans' Educational Assistance Program, 244 See also training Educational Assistance Test Program, 244 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 150 151, 282 end-strength, 186 enlisted personnel, 11 age comparison with civilians, 335 bonus system, 128 career paths, 129 137 entry pay, 107 108 images of, 14 15 married, 336 promotion, 35 36 ranks and pay grades, 337 338 service terms, 30 31 training, 120 129 up-or-out points, 341 enlistment. See recruitment Enlistment Bonus Experiment, 244 245 entitlements, 269 equity, 72 73, 247 248, 301 evaluation of programs and innovations, 239 264, 327 328 Active Duty Survey, 250 AFHPSP survey, 252 253 assignment auction system, 260 261 assignment rotation, 254 cafeteria plans, 262 263 career force, 258 College First, 261 continuum of service, 254 education benefits, 243 244 Enlistment Bonus Experiment, 244 245 equity concerns, 247 248 experiments, 64 66, 68, 244 245, 308 focus groups, 248 250 funding, 245 246 historical data, 255 257 home-schooled youth program, 261 incentive pay, 262 to inform implementation, 246 247 and measurement, 294 pilot programs, 259 263 policy experiments, 241 248 reserve enlistments, 242 243 simulations, 257 258, 293 296 surveys, 250 255 travel card program, 259 260 Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, 251 experience profile, 145, 148 experimentation. See evaluation of programs and innovations

áåçéñ=ö=prr= family support and services, 23 25, 213 238, 324 326 child care assistance, 82, 193, 195 196, 234 235 demographics, 216 217 dependency differential, 44 45 education, 233 234 Employee Assistance Program, 229 evaluation, 235 238 Family Readiness Activity, 228 229 Flexible Spending Accounts, 234 236 formal and informal support, 217 220 health care, 219, 237 238 housing, 202 203, 222 information provision, 227 off-base, 226 227, 229 230 for reservists, 224 226 spouses, 222, 230 232 support programs, 220 222 war-time, 224 226 See also In-kind benefits Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), 237 Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs), 234 236 GI Bill, 192, 243 244 Goldwater, Barry, 282, 283 Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, 15, 147, 282 283, 329 330 Gordon, Guy, 151 Grenada, 300 ground forces, 60, 62 63 See also Army Gulf War, 220 private sector delivery of services, 5 reservists in, 168 170, 260 health care, 219, 237 238 cafeteria plans, 207 as in-kind benefit, 191 192, 195 for reservists, 174, 177 179 retirees, 304 Tricare, 174, 177 179, 237, 277 279 hierarchy, status, 104 107 high-year-of-tenure rules, 9, 341 high-three rule, 41 House Armed Services Committee (HASC), 270 housing, allowances, 39 40 cash benefit proposal, 205 206 family, 192, 202 203, 222 and reservists, 172 tax advantage, 45 46, 206 imbalances, staffing, 2 3, 6 incentive pay, 41 42, 315 316 assignment, 41, 48, 141, 260 261 deployment, 256 257 reservists, 174, 177, 262 skill-based, 79 80 special, 41, 48 incentives, 47 48 assignment system, 138 140, 142 intangible rewards, 99 100 private sector, 76 78, 80 retirement, 52 training, 123, 138 unexpected rewards, 114 115

PRS=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) program, 183 in-kind benefits, 22 23, 83 85, 189 212, 322 324 cafeteria plans, 193 194, 206 210, 254 cash benefit proposal, 205 206 and conscription, 189 costs, 199 201 education as, 84, 192 evaluation of, 201 204 family and childcare, 82, 193, 195 196 health insurance, 191 192, 195 housing, 45 46, 192, 201 202, 205 206 inflexibility, 198 199 married and single servicemembers, 192, 200 201 monopoly provision and competition, 203, 211 morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs, 82, 193, 196, 200 private sector, 71, 81 85 rationale, 194 196 and retention, 197 retirement system, 192 as rewards, 115 targeted, 202 203 tax benefits, 195 innovation, military. See military innovation intangible rewards, 99 100, 113 115, 312 313 involuntary separation, 38 39, 52 53, 154 155, 162 See also up-or-out system Iraq distributed forces, 63 and military families, 224 226 numbers of servicemembers in, 4, 7 private sector/soldier ratio in, 5, 308 reservists in, 20, 33, 170, 175, 320 and retention, 170 Scud missiles, 57 information technology (IT) sector, 72 73 Jeremiah, David, 13 joint service, 15, 147, 292 Kinnard, Harry, 295 lateral entry, 46 47, 75 76, 315 and training, 128 and up-or-out rules, 107 109 leadership, reform, 285 lobbying, 287 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 longevity of tenure, 46 47, 86 See also up-or-out system McCain, John, 278 Marine Corps promotion, 133 years of service distribution, 130 131 married servicemembers, 200 201, 325, 336 See also family support and services

áåçéñ=ö=prt= military associations, 275 276 Military Coalition, The, 278 military innovation, 289 301 competition, 296 297 external shocks, 299 301 resistance to, 266 267, 329 330 service cultures, 291 292 simulations, 293 296 stealth tactics, 297 299 military occupational specialties (MOS), 181 Military Spouse Preference Program, 232 Moffett, William, 298 Montgomery GI Bill, 192, 243 244 morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs, 82, 193, 196, 200 motivation, intrinsic, 99 100, 114 115 multiple pay structures, 71 72 Mundy, Carl, 325 National Guard, 20 21, 33, 320 321 See also Reserve components Navy, 298 Assignment Incentive Pay (AIP), 141, 260 261 Career Selection System, 163 164 promotion, 133, 150 Revolution in Training, 121 122 sea duty credit, 138 139 single sailors, 327 Tech Prep, 123 Navy Personnel Act, 150 Nichols, Bill, 282, 283 See also Goldwater-Nichols Act Nixon, Richard M., 300 non-cash compensation. See inkind benefits Nunn, Sam, 151, 153 154, 159, 160, 282, 283 Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 272 Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 271 Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, 152 153 Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (OPA 47), 8 9, 150 Officer Personnel Management System XXI (OPMS XXI), 164 165 officers. See commissioned officers; warrant officers Operation Desert Storm. See Desert Storm Opposition Force, 295 outsourcing, 116 contractors, 5 6, 103 104, 308 cost savings, 139 of training, 125 126 See also private sector Overseas Housing Allowance, 40 overstaffing, 2 3 participation pay, 183 186 pay grades, 35 37, 89, 129, 133, 137 enlisted, 337 338 officer, 339 340 pay raises, 3 4

PRU=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= pay structure, 18 19, 74 basic pay, 18, 39, 172 broadband, 73 74, 76 dependency differential, 44 45 enlisted members, 15 entry pay, 107 108 external and internal equity, 72 73 housing and subsistence allowances, 39 40, 45 46, 172 longevity, 46 47 performance incentives, 47 48, 76 78, 80 reservists, 21, 42, 172 173 retirement, 40 41 and service hierarchy, 298 299 skill-based, 79 80, 128 129 special and incentive pay, 41 42, 48, 79, 174, 256 257 supply-and-demand, 43 44 pay table, 43 44 performance incentives. See incentives permanent change of station (PCS), 32, 249 pilot programs, 259 263 policy experiments, 241 248 President's Commission on Military Compensation (PCMC), 155 157, 160 private sector practices, 69 91, 310 311 cafeteria plans, 82 83, 193 194 career planning and development, 88 90 cash compensation, 71 80 (private sector practices, cont.) external equity, 72 73 gain sharing, 78 incentives, 76 78, 80 non-cash compensation, 71, 81 85 opportunity cost, 104, 106 and professional allegiance, 104 retirement, 85 88 skill-based pay, 79 80 training, 122 123, 314 315 See also outsourcing; pay structure professionalism, 94 118 versus bureaucratization, 98 99, 109 113 and career patterns, 97 99, 107 109 and compensation, 113 118 and intangible rewards, 98 100, 113 115, 312 313 jurisdiction, 95, 101 104 status hierarchy, 96 97, 104 107 technological advances, 112 113 proficiency pay, 173, 182 promotion system, 34 39, 149 155 assignment rotation, 15 16, 108 career force proposals, 155 156, 160 166, 258, 319 pay grades, 133 and performance, 47 48 reservists, 182 and retention, 36, 133 134, 136 See also retirement system

áåçéñ=ö=prv= Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC), 266 ê~åç studies, 155, 158 159, 244 245 ranks, 35 36, 89 commissioned officers, 339 enlisted, 337 and pay structure, 298 299 retention, 2 3, 6 See also promotion system Ready Reserve Mobilization Income Insurance Program, 260 recommendations decisionmaking, 329 direct cash, 80 81 enlisted careers, 90, 317 family services, 326 in-kind benefits, 85, 324 officer career patterns, 90, 320 private sector practices, 311 reserve compensation, 322 retirement, 88 recreation, 82, 193, 196, 200 recruitment incentive pays and bonuses, 41, 48, 174, 244 245 labor pool, 309, 313 market shrinkage, 121 and private sector training, 122 123 reservists, 175 180 and retirement benefits, 51 Youth Attitude Tracking Survey, 251 See also retention Redux retirement system, 41, 135, 275, 279 281 reenlistment, bonus system, 128 location-specific reenlistment bonus (LSRB), 141 Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), 41, 48, 142 See also retention relocation assistance, 83 84 reserve components (RC), 20 21, 33 34, 167 188, 334 and civilian employers, 179 180, 187 compensation system, 21, 42, 171 174, 180 186, 320 322 continuum of service, 183, 254 end-strength limits, 186 enlistment lengths, 242 243 evaluation of proposals, 187 188, 242 243, 322 family support, 224 226 in Gulf War, 168 170, 260 health care, 237 238 housing allowance, 172 income loss, 176 177, 260 individualized career paths, 116 involuntary call-up, 175 176 in Iraq, 20, 33, 170, 175, 320 participation pay, 183 186 promotion, 182 retention, 175 180 retirement system, 42, 172 173, 186 Selected Reserve, 171 special and incentive pay, 174, 177, 262 training, 171 172, 181 Tricare, 174, 177 179

PSM=ö=ÑáääáåÖ=íÜÉ=ê~åâë= Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), 32 retention, 2 3, 6 commissioned officers, 16 incentive pay and bonuses, 41, 48, 75, 132 133, 174 and in-kind benefits, 197 and Iraq war, 170 and lateral entry, 128 and longevity, 46 non-cash compensation, 84 85 professional allegiance, 104 and promotion, 36, 133 134, 136 reservists, 175 180 and retirement system, 51, 87, 129, 134 137, 157, 166, 280 281 See also recruitment retirement system, 16 18, 40 41, 49 53 and cafeteria plans, 208 Career Status Bonus, 41 health care entitlement, 304 and involuntary separation, 154 155, 162 and longevity, 46, 86 motivation, 51 52 private sector, 85 88 recruiting and retention, 51, 87, 129, 134 137, 157, 166, 280 281 Redux system, 41, 135, 275, 279 281 reservists, 42, 172 173, 186 Thrift Savings Plan, 87 88, 136, 192 vesting, 50, 86 87, 157 160 voluntary retirement, 151 153, 166 rotation, assignment, 15 16, 31 33, 56, 108 See also assignment system Rumsfeld, Donald, 4, 5, 13, 145, 146, 180, 288, 307 Schlesinger, James, 294, 297 school system, military, 291 292 See also education; training sea duty credit, 138 139 Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), 41, 48, 142 Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), 270 separation, involuntary, 38 39, 52 53, 154 155, 162 See also up-or-out system service associations, 275 276 severance pay, 38 39 single servicemembers, 192, 219, 251, 327, 336 skills, 12 13 compensation for, 127 129 imbalances, 2 3, 6 and recruit assignment, 31 skill-based pay, 79 80, 128 129 training, 121 122 Social Compact, 213 215, 222 223 Special Duty Assignment Pay (SDAP), 41, 48 spouses acculturation process, 218 careers and employment, 222, 226, 230 232 Military Spouse Preference Program, 232 staffing imbalance, 2 3, 6 surveys, 250 255 tangible rewards, 94, 114 115

áåçéñ=ö=psn= taxes, and housing allowance, 45 46, 206 and in-kind benefits, 195 monopoly providers, 203, 211 taxpayer costs, 330 Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), 87 88, 136, 192 training, 31 32, 120 129, 313 and compensation, 126 129 costs, 122, 124 125 dissatisfaction with, 291 292 evaluation of, 255 as incentive, 123, 138 outsourcing of, 125 126 in private sector, 122 123, 314 315 reservists, 171 172, 181 See also education travel card program, 259 260 Travel System, Defense, 284 Tricare, 174, 177 179, 237, 277 279 Uniformed Services Pay Act of 1981, 244 unit cohesion, 43 up-or-out system, 9, 17, 37, 314 and career force, 160 161, 319 and command authority, 137 (up-or-out system, cont.) Defense Officer Personnel Management Act, 153 155 enlisted points, 341 individualized career paths, 116 lateral entrants, 107 109 longevity of tenure, 46 47, 86 mandatory retirement, 52 in Navy, 150 private sector, 89 90 vacancy-driven system, 36 Van Zandt amendment of 1954, 152 vesting, 50, 86 87, 157, 159 160 veterans, 191 192 Veterans' Educational Assistance Program (VEAP), 244 Warner, John, 278 warrant officers, 11, 33, 90, 298 299, 318 weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 61 Westmoreland, William, 300 White, John P., 154 Youth Attitude Tracking Survey (YATS), 251