Hepatitis C: Eradication of a Disease? Gordon Dow, MD Oct 16 th, 2015
Disclosures: In the past two years I have participated in research 1 or received consultation/speaking fees 2 from: Astellas 2 Abbvie 1, 2 Amgen 2 Gilead 2 Merck 1, 2 Paladin 2
Objectives By the end of this presentation participants should be able to: (1) Describe the morbidity, mortality and cost of untreated HCV (2) Review the clinical, histological and virological evidence that hepatitis C is curable (3) Summarize the dramatic improvement in HCV cure with recently approved direct acting antiviral agents (DAA s)
Natural History of HCV Infection HCV Exposure Acute Infection Most Asymptomatic $ Chronic Infection 50-85% of patients $$ Cirrhosis 20-25% of patients $$$ Liver Failure HCC 1-4%/year $$$$ Liver Transplant or Death Viral eradication stops progression of liver disease and improves clinical outcomes
Hepatitis C, of all infectious diseases, is responsible for highest increase in premature mortality in Canada Kwong et al. Ontario Agency for Health Promotion and Protection, 2010
Lee MH et al. J Infect Dis, 2012 Hepatitis C Medical Burden: HCV increases all cause mortality.
Hepatitis C is Curable: SVR 12 predicts persistent absence of virus Attainment of SVR associated with: regression of liver disease reduced all-cause mortality reduced risk of liver failure and need for transplantation reduced risk of HCC Improved cognitive function and quality of life
SVR 12 = Hepatitis C Cure Concordance of SVR Rates Using Sofosbuvir Containing Regimens (78% of relapses occurred within the first 4 weeks, 98% by 12 weeks) Yoshida et al Hepatology 2015;61:41-5
Long-Term Follow-up of HCV Treatment Success Consistent With Cure 54 patients with median duration of HCV infection x 18 years Successfully treated with interferon-based regimen with 10 year follow-up post-svr clinical, biochemical and histological regression/normalization HCV specific antibody titres over time HCV specific T-cell responses over time HCV RNA(-) by ultracentrifugation/rt-pcr in plasma (54/54), liver biopsy (40/40) and PBMC s (51/54) Hedenstierna M et al Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015;41(6):532-43
Van der Meer, JAMA 2012 Attainment of SVR associated with: Reduced liver related and all cause mortality. Reduced HCC and liver failure.
Purevsambu, EASL 2014 Abstract 0125 HCC Incidence over time in F4 patients according to SVR status. Median Follow up 10 years
Curing Hepatitis C is About More Than The Liver Cures extrahepatic manifestations related to chronic HCV infection Mixed cryoglobulinemia and leukocytoclastic vasculitis B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma Porphyria cutanea tarda Reduced steatosis/insulin resistance Cacoub P et al Dig Liver Dis 2014;46:S165-173 Lim T et al Hepat Med 2014;6:113-18
Treatment Evolution:
Younossi ZM, AASLD, 2014, Poster #77 Indirect cost savings: new regimens improve PRO/QOL on treatment. 0.90 PRO with PR: SOF+PR 0.90 PRO with RBV-ONLY: SOF+RBV 0.90 PRO in IFN/RBV-FREE: LDV/SOF Normalized FACIT-F 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 Normalized FACIT-F 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 Normalized FACIT-F 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0 EoT F/U F/U w12 Week w4 0.55 0 4 EoT F/U F/U w12 Week w4 0.55 0 4 EoT F/U F/U w12 Week w4 TREATMENT PERIOD NORMALIZED TOTAL FACIT-F NORMALIZED FACIT-FS
The HCV DAA Explosion: 9.6 KB RNA Genome 5 I 3I C E1 E2 p7 NS2 NS3 NS4A NS4B NS5A NS5B Core Envelope Protease Serine Protease RNA binding, RDRP and Cofactor NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors NS5A Inhibitors Nuc and Non Nuc NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors
Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir: Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir STR Once-daily, oral fixed-dose (90/400 mg) combination tablet No food effect >2000 patients treated
Afdhal N, et al. N Engl J Med 2014 Kowdley K, et al. N Engl J Med 2014 Afdhal N, et al. N Engl J Med 2014 ION Phase 3 Program (ION-1, ION-2, ION-3) Efficacy Summary LDV/SOF LDV/SOF+RBV 100 99 97 98 99 94 93 95 94 96 99 99 80 SVR12 (%) 60 40 20 0 211/ 214 211/ 217 212/ 217 215/ 217 202/ 215 201/ 216 12 Weeks 24 Weeks 8 Weeks 12 Weeks 12 Weeks 24 Weeks ION-1 GT 1 treatment-naïve including cirrhotics ION-3 GT 1 treatment-naïve non-cirrhotic ION-2 GT 1 treatment-experienced including cirrhotics and PI failures 206/ 216 102/ 109 107/ 111 108/ 109 110/ 111 97% (1886/1952) overall SVR rate 3% (66/1952) did not achieve SVR 1.4% (28) LTFU 0.1% (2) virologic breakthrough (both due to non-adherence) 1.8% (36) relapsed. Patients may be rolled over to a retreatment study
HOLKIRA PAK Recommended Dosage The recommended oral dose of HOLKIRA PAK is two ombitasvir/abt-450/ritonavir 12.5/75/50 mg tablets once daily (in the morning) and one dasabuvir 250 mg tablet twice daily (morning and evening) for 12 weeks. HOLKIRA PAK is used in combination with ribavirin in certain patient populations. Patient Population Treatment Duration Genotype 1b, without cirrhosis HOLKIRA PAK 12 weeks Genotype 1a, without cirrhosis HOLKIRA PAK + ribavirin* 12 weeks Genotypes 1a and 1b, with cirrhosis HOLKIRA PAK + ribavirin 12 weeks * HOLKIRA PAK without ribavirin can be considered as a therapeutic option for treatment-naïve patients with genotype 1a infection without cirrhosis who are intolerant of or ineligible for ribavirin (see CLINICAL TRIALS). Treatment decision should be guided by an assessment of the potential benefits and risks for the individual patient. 24 weeks of HOLKIRA PAK + ribavirin is recommended for patients with genotype 1a-infection with cirrhosis who have had a previous null response to pegylated interferon (pegifn) and ribavirin (see CLINICAL TRIALS). Note: HOLKIRA PAK with ribavirin is recommended in patients with an unknown genotype 1 subtype or with mixed genotype 1 infection.
Phase 3 Program Clinical Data: Efficacy (SVR12) 100 80 SAPPHIRE-I 96 95 98 SAPPHIRE-II 96 96 97 PEARL-III 99.5 99 PEARL-II PEARL-IV 97 100 97 90 TURQUOISE-II 92 96 SVR12 (%) 60 40 20 Cirrhosis Tx Hx Subtype 0 All G1a G1b All G1a G1b RBV No RBV No RBV No 12w 24w RBV RBV RBV Naïve Exp Naïve Exp Naïve Naïve / Exp GT1a/b GT1a/b GT1b GT1b GT1a GT1a/b 1.Feld NEJM 2014; 2. Zeuzem NEJM; 2014; 3. Andreone DDW 2014; 4.Ferenci NEJM 2014; 5.Ferenci NEJM 2014; 6. Poordad NEJM 2014. Pre-Submission Briefing Meeting November 2014 Company Confidential 2014 AbbVie 19
ASTRAL Phase 3 Program (ASTRAL-1, ASTRAL-2, ASTRAL-3, ASTRAL-4) Efficacy Summary (ITT Analysis) 100 80 SOF/VEL SOF+RBV SOF/VEL + RBV 99 98 100 100 97 100 99 94 95 80 83 94 86 SVR12 (%) 60 40 20 0 618/ 624 323/ 328 104/ 104 116/ 116 34/ 35 41/ 41 Overall GT 1 GT 2 GT 4 GT 5 GT 6 12 Weeks ASTRAL-1 (GT 1, 2, 4 6) 133/ 134 124/ 132 12 Weeks 12 Weeks ASTRAL-2 (GT 2) 264/ 277 221/ 275 24 Weeks ASTRAL-3 (GT 3) 75/ 90 82/ 87 77/ 90 12 Weeks 24 Weeks ASTRAL-4 (GT 1 6 CTP-B Cirrhosis) In ASTRAL 1-3, SOF/VEL for 12 weeks had similar AEs compared with PBO in ASTRAL-1 2 subjects (0.2%) discontinued due to AEs In ASTRAL-4, treatment-emergent SAEs occurred in 18% of subjects Most common AEs were fatigue, nausea and headache Anemia was reported in 31% of subjects in the SOF/VEL+RBV arm and 4% and 3% treated with SOF/VEL for 12 or 24 weeks, respectively 21 Gilead Press Release. Sept 21, 2015
Wong W et al. CMAJ, Jan 2015 Screening and Treatment are Cost- Effective in Canada
Summary Hepatitis C in Canada is associated with significant mortality, morbidity and cost Compelling clinical, biochemical, histological and virological evidence that SVR 12 = CURE Cure achievable in >95% of treated patients Global eradication impossible
Thanks! Dr. Dan Smyth - Dr. Meaghan O Brien Stefanie Materniak - Dr. Morris Sherman Dr. Lisa Barrett - Dr. Lamont Sweet Dr. Greg German - Dr. John Gill Dr. Natalie Wall - Lise Dupuis Dr. Mark MacMillan - Lisa Frachette Dr. Duncan Webster Dr. Frank Schweiger Dr. Lisa McKnight Dr. Jeremy Beck Dr. Connie Hoare