TABLE 2 CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN THE AMERICAS



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TABLE 2 CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN THE AMERICAS Region/country Location Collection Study Sample Consanguinity Consanguinity Coefficient of Reference period population size (%) types inbreeding (α) Caribbean Puerto Rico San Juan 1954 RC 6,013 3.3% UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0013 Freire-Maia (1957) (north) Cuba All-Cuba 1956/57 RC 2,277 0.8% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Freire-Maia (1968) Central America Costa Rica All-Costa Rica 1954 RC 3,833 3.4% UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0011 Freire-Maia (1968) El Salvador All- El Salvador 1956/57 RC 2,494 4.9% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0014 Freire-Maia (1968) Honduras All-Honduras 1956/57 RC 3,759 3.4% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0011 Freire-Maia (1968) Mexico Mexico City 1961/64 Obstetric 24,333 0.3% >1C,1C,<1C - Stevenson et al. 1

All-Mexico 1956/57 RC 28,192 1.3% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0003 Freire-Maia (1968) Panama Panama City 1961/64 Obstetric 15,523 1.7% >1C,1C,<1C - Stevenson et al.. All-Panama 1956/57 RC 350 0-0 Freire-Maia (1968) North America Canada All-Canada 1959 RC 51,729 1.5% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Freire-Maia (1968) Quebec 1962/71 RC 21,874 1.3 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0003 De Braekeleer & Ross (1991) U.S.A. All-U.S.A. 1959/60 RC 133,228 0.2% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0001 Freire-Maia (1968) Wisconsin 1941/55 RC 170,914 0.2 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0001 Dewey et al. (1965) Wisconsin 1972/81 RC 140,289 0.1 1C,1 1/2 C,2C <0.0001 Lebel (1983) 2

South America Argentina Buenos 1954 RC 23,000 0.9% UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Freire-Maia (1957) Aires All-Argentina 1956/57 RC 51,391 1.1 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0006 Freire-Maia (1968) All-Argentina 1967/79 Obstetric 6,494 0.2 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0001 Orioli et al. (1982) All-Argentina 1980/81 Civil 212,320 0.4 1C 0.0002 Castilla et al. (1992) registration Buenos Aires 1984 Civil 32,690 0.7 1C 0.0004 Castilla et al. (1992) State registration All-Argentina 1967/96 Hospital 20,826 0.2 >1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0001 Liascovich et al. (2001) Bolivia Bogota 1961/64 Obstetric 18,497 2.0% >1C,1C,<1C - Stevenson et al. All-Bolivia 1956/57 RC 4,130 0.6 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0003 Freire-Maia (1968) All-Bolivia 1967/96 Hospital 958 0.2 1C 0.0001 Liascovich et al. (2001) Brazil Sao Paolo 1961/64 Obstetric 14,179 3.1% >1C,1C,<1C - Stevenson et al.. Santa Catarina 1948/51 RC 4,361 3.6 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0012 Freire-Maia (1957) (south) 3

Rio de Janeiro 1954 RC 1,272 1.6% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0009 Freire-Maia (1957) (east) Sergipe 1954 RC 3,815 6.4 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0032 Freire-Maia (1957) (east) Alagoas 1954 RC 3,566 11.7 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0055 Freire-Maia (1957) (north-east) Sao Paulo 1950/55 RC 1,791 7.4 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0026 Saldanha (1960) (Serra do Mar) Sao Paulo 1950/55 RC 11,108 0.5 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0002 Saldanha (1960) (Vale do Paraibo) Sao Paulo 1950/55 RC 1,750 4.0 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0017 Saldanha (1960) (Serra do Mantiqueira) All-Brazil 1956/57 RC 212,090 4.8 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0023 Freire-Maia (1957) Rio Grande do 1967 RC 15,300 1.2 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0005 da Fonseca & Sul 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Santa Catarina 1967 RC 10,064 1.3 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Parana 1967 RC 23,383 0.9 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0004 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Sao Paulo 1967 RC 39,318 1.9 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0006 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Guanabara 1967 RC 9,835 1.6 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0008 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) 4

Rio Janeiro 1967 RC 4,070 1.5% UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0007 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Espirito Santo 1967 RC 1,541 1.2 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0007 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Minas Gerais 1967 RC 38,864 6.4 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0027 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Bahia 1967 RC 8,514 3.4 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0017 da Fonseca & (Serra do Mar) Freire-Maia (1970) Sergipe 1967 RC 1,654 5.1 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0024 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Alagoas 1967 RC 7,294 4.9 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0022 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Pernambuco 1967 RC 10,753 7.0 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0032 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Paraiba 1967 RC 9,952 12.8 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0058 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Rio Grande 1967 RC 5,104 7.7 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0036 da Fonseca & do Norte 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Ceara 1967 RC 24,196 7.9 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0038 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Piaui 1967 RC 4,832 8.2 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0034 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Maranhão 1967 RC 8,304 4.1 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0020 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) 5

Mato-Grosso 1967 RC 4,071 1.1% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Goiás 1967 RC 3,038 1.9 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0008 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Rondonia 1967 RC 345 1.5 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0006 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Acre 1967 RC 945 5.4 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0023 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Amazonas 1967 RC 297 1.4 2C 0.0002 da Fonseca & Freire-Maia (1970) Pará 1967 RC 4,476 1.1 UN/AN,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0003 da Fonseca & 2C Freire-Maia (1970) Porto Alegre 1965/70 Obstetric 2,328 1.9 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0008 de Araújo & Salzano (Whites) (1974) Porto Alegre 1965/70 Obstetric 984 2.0 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0009 de Araújo & Salzano (Blacks) (1974) Bahia 1970s Hospital 925 7.0 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0019 Azevedo et al. (1980) visitors All-Brazil 1967/79 Obstetric 2,328 1.1 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Orioli et al. (1982) Minas Gerais 1989 Household 252 15.1 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0027 Kaku & survey Freire-Maia (1992) All-Brazil 1967/96 Hospital 11,558 1.3 >1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0007 Liascovich et al. (2001) 6

Rio Grande - Household 7,639 13.7% UN,D1C,1C,1 1/2 C, 0.0063 Santos et al. (2010) do Norte survey 2C Chile Santiago 1961/64 Obstetric 23,491 0.8% >1C,1C,<1C - Stevenson et al. All-Chile 1956/57 RC 28,596 1.3 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0007 Freire-Maia (1968) Valparaiso 1957/66 RC 51,828 0.7 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0006 Lazo et al. (1970) Santiago 1967/79 Obstetric 2,413 0.8 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0004 Orioli et al. (1982) All-Chile 1967/96 Hospital 6,959 0.7 >1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0004 Liascovich et al. (2001) Colombia Medellin 1961/64 Obstetric 20,146 4.4% >1C,1C,<1C - Stevenson et al. All-Colombia 1956/57 RC 34,470 3.0 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0012 Freire-Maia (1968) All-Colombia 1967/96 Hospital 609 1.1 1C,2C 0.0005 Liascovich et al. (2001) Ecuador All-Ecuador 1956/57 RC 3,954 6.3% UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0023 Freire-Maia (1968) Quito 1967/79 Obstetric 2,261 1.1 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Orioli et al. (1982) 7

All-Ecuador 1967/96 Hospital 2,311 1.1% >1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Liascovich et al. (2001) Peru All-Peru 1956/57 RC 565 4.1% UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0027 Freire-Maia (1968) Lima 1967/79 Obstetric 203 1.0 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0006 Orioli et al. (1982) All-Peru 1967/96 Hospital 332 0.6 1C 0.0004 Liascovich et al. (2001) Uruguay Montevideo 1952 RC 3,955 1.1% 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0006 Freire-Maia (1957) All-Uruguay 1956/57 RC 2,931 4.5 UN,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0019 Freire-Maia (1968) Montevideo 1967/79 Obstetric 921 0.9 1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0005 Orioli et al. (1982) Inpatients All-Uruguay 1967/96 Hospital 1,407 0.7 >1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0004 Liascovich et al. (2001) Venezuela All-Venezuela 1967/79 Obstetric 1,517 1.3% D1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0007 Orioli et al. (1982) All-Venezuela 1967/96 Hospital 8,592 1.4 >1C,1C,1 1/2 C,2C 0.0006 Liascovich et al. (2001) 8

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