Thesis no: MGSE-2015-02 Software Quality Characteristics Tested For Mobile Application Developent Literature Review and Epirical Survey WALEED ANWAR Faculty of Coputing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-371 79 Karlskrona Sweden
This thesis is subitted to the Faculty of Coputing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillent of the requireents for the degree of Master of Science in Software Engineering. The thesis is equivalent to 10 weeks of full tie studies. Contact Inforation: Author(s): WALEED ANWAR E-ail: waan14@student.bth.se University advisor: Dr. Sion Poulding Departent of Software Engineering Faculty of Coputing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57
ABSTRACT Context. Sart phones use is increasing day by day as there is large nuber of app users. Due to ore use of apps, the testing of obile application should be done correctly and flawlessly to ensure the effectiveness of obile applications. Objectives. The objective of this research is to find out the iportant obile application quality characteristics fro developer s perspective and how developers actually test for the. Apart fro that how the developers test their obile applications are also addressed. Methods. Two ethodologies were used: the literature survey and the epirical survey. The literature survey was used to get failiar with the ost coonly known obile application quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for. The epirical survey was used to get data fro developers by sending an online questionnaire link to the Google Play store developers and their response was recorded and further evaluated to present results. I categorized apps as top rated apps and low rated apps. Results. I got 43 responses as a whole fro 1000 developers. I got 20 responses out of 500 fro the top rated apps developers and 23 responses out of 500 fro the low rated apps developers. The results were used to copare the quality characteristics iportance to testing. According to the responses fro both top rated and low rated apps developer, functional testing and usability testing is considered to be the ost iportant and are ostly tested for Android obile applications. Load testing and energy testing is considered to be not that iportant fro developer s point of view but energy testing and eory testing is not so often tested for Android obile applications by developers. When it coes to testing process, top rated and low rated apps developer perfor testing by creating test cases that are predefined in scripts or docuents. They prefer to execute their tests on eulator rather than on obile and run their tests autoatically via tool or service as a cloud. Conclusion. My study reports the quality characteristics iportance for which the obile applications are tested for fro developer s perspective, actual testing done by developers and the testing process used by the. Functional testing and usability testing are considered to be ost iportant and ostly tested quality characteristics according to developer s perspective. Testing is done by running their tests on eulator autoatically through soe tool. They prefer to create their test cases that are predefined in scripts. Keywords: Mobile Application Testing, Quality Characteristics 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend y gratitude to y supervisor Sion Poulding for his vital support and feedback till end. This thesis would not have been possible without Sion Poulding guidance throughout the research. I really feel honored working with hi. I would like to thank y o, siblings and friends who helped e and supported e. Finally, I sincerely appreciate all the participants of the web questionnaire fro all over the world because without their response y thesis would not be accoplished. 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS... 5 LIST OF FIGURES... 7 LIST OF TABLES... 8 1 INTRODUCTION... 9 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES... 10 1.2 RELATED WORK... 10 2 METHODOLOGY:... 12 2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS... 12 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW... 12 2.2.1 EXTENDED DESIGN AND DERIVING THE START SET OF PAPERS:... 13 2.3 EMPIRICAL SURVEY... 14 2.4 PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE... 15 2.5 RESEARCH DESIGN AND DATA COLLECTION:... 15 3 RESULTS... 17 3.1 TOP RATED APPS DEVELOPER S FEEDBACK... 17 3.1.1 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS... 17 3.1.2 TESTING OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS... 18 3.1.3 TESTING PROCESS OF TOP RATED APPLICATIONS... 20 3.2 LOW RATED APPS DEVELOPER S FEEDBACK... 20 3.2.1 IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS... 21 3.2.2 TESTING OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS... 22 3.2.3 TESTING PROCESS OF LOW RATED APPLICATIONS... 23 4 ANALYSIS... 25 4.1 DATA ANALYSIS... 25 4.2 TOP RATED APPS... 25 4.2.1 IMPORTANCE BY TOP RATED DEVELOPERS... 25 4.2.2 TESTING BY TOP RATED DEVELOPERS... 27 4.2.3 TESTING PROCESS OF TOP RATED APPS... 28 4.3 LOW RATED APPS... 29 5
4.3.1 IMPORTANCE BY LOW RATED DEVELOPERS... 29 4.3.2 TESTING LEVEL BY LOW RATED DEVELOPERS... 30 4.3.3 TESTING PROCESS BY LOW RATED DEVELOPERS... 32 4.4 COMPARISON OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IMPORTANCE, TESTING AND THEIR TESTING PROCESS... 33 5 DISCUSSION... 34 6 CONCLUSION... 36 6.1 VALIDITY... 36 6.2 FUTURE WORK... 37 7 REFERENCES... 38 8 APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE... 40 9 APPENDIX B: TOP RATED DEVELOPER S INFORMATION:... 44 10 APPENDIX C: LOW RATED DEVELOPER S INFORMATION:... 60 6
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Coparison of iportant quality characteristics fro top rated developer s perspective..26 Figure 2: Coparison of testing level of quality characteristics fro top rated developer s perspective.... 28 Figure 3: Coparison of iportant quality characteristics fro low rated developer s perspective 30 Figure 4: Coparison of testing level of quality characteristics fro low rated developer s perspective.... 32 7
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Research Questions... 12 Table 2: Quality characteristics iportance by top rated apps developers.... 17 Table 3: Quality characteristics testing by top rated apps developers.... 18 Table 4: Testing perfored by top rated developers.... 20 Table 5: Quality characteristics iportance by low rated apps developers.... 21 Table 6: Quality characteristics testing by low rated apps developers.... 22 Table 7: Testing perfored by low rated apps developers.... 23 Table 8: Analysis for the iportance of quality characteristics fro top Rated apps developer s perspective.... 25 Table 9: Analysis for the testing level of quality characteristics fro top rated apps developer s perspective.... 27 Table 10: Analysis for the iportance of quality characteristics fro low Rated apps developer s perspective.... 29 Table 11: Analysis for the testing level of quality characteristics fro low Rated apps developer s perspective.... 31 8
1 INTRODUCTION A obile application (or obile app) is a software application that is designed to run on sartphones, tablet coputers and on other obile devices [1]. Mobile applications are becoing popular and also very coplex. As obile application users expect the applications to be reliable and fault free, so it akes the duty for application testers to ensure the quality of obile applications before it is released in arket [2]. Testing is a technique used to identify the faults in applications and to satisfy their custoers by providing the highly reliable and error free applications [27]. Testing of obile application is extreely difficult because there is a lot of diversity in obile devices, their runtie environent and the resources needed to test a obile application differs fro obile phone to tablet [28]. According to Mobile Application Testing Tutorial published by the IEEE Coputer Society [7], obile application testing is different fro the conventional software testing because of the following several unique requireents. 1. Mobile applications ust be able to work correctly anytie and anywhere. 2. As obile applications are often developed for a set of targeted devices, these applications ust work properly on different platfors having different operating systes, screen sizes, processing power, network bandwidth and battery life. 3. Mobile applications ust also include ultiple input channels (e.g. keyboard, voice, and gestures), ultiedia support, and other enhanced usability features in order to provide the rich experience as expected by the obile device users. 4. As obile devices support a range of wireless networks (e.g. 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX), obile applications ust also able to work in different network connectivity environent. Considering these unique requireents for obile applications and to be fully aware of iportant obile application quality characteristics, I was interested in using the research ethod literature survey and epirical survey. The literature survey was carried out to know about the well-known quality characteristics tested for obile applications. The quality characteristics is defined as what characteristics should an application have for exaple application should function properly, application should be easy to use for users, application should be copatible with different devices etc. The epirical survey was perfored to find out which quality characteristics are iportant fro developer s perspective and how often those quality characteristics are tested for Android obile applications by developers. Apart fro that I was also interested in perforing epirical survey on the testing process used by developers for testing of Android obile applications. In epirical surveys, inforation is gathered by asking people questions [8]. Afterwards, those quality characteristics were copared according to respondent s answers which helped e in finding out which quality characteristics were iportant fro their point of view and how they actually use the. Moreover, how the testing is perfored was also figured out. The epirical survey is the ethod used to collect data fro developers. An online questionnaire was ade through Google For and sent to 1000 developers and their response was recorded and further evaluated to present results. The apps whose rating was 4 or above was categorized as top rated apps and the apps whose rating was below 4 cae into the category of low rated apps. The developer s inforation is given in Appendix B and Appendix C. I contacted 500 developers of top rated apps and 500 developers of low rated apps to balance y findings and it was also tie 9
consuing to find developer s inforation anually. The apps were chosen randoly fro different categories available on play store i.e. top grossing apps, top selling apps, new and updated gaes, new and updated apps, apps, recoended for you apps, ovies apps, books apps, tools apps, counication apps, photography apps, offline apps etc. The developers contact inforation is given in Appendix which can be reused when soeone wants to survey again on Android obile applications. This inforation will help the to just copy the eail addresses and sent the their questionnaire as it will save tie and effort. It took e two weeks to get this inforation fro rando apps by checking its rating and storing it. This thesis contributes to find out which quality characteristics are iportant fro developer s perspective and how often these quality characteristics are tested for Android obile applications. Apart fro that it also contributes to know the current testing state of Android obile applications by addressing how the developers test their Android obile applications. The results can be used by developers to know which quality characteristics should be given high priority in testing of Android obile applications and how to actually test obile applications. 1.1 Ais and Objectives This research will be organized in two surveys (i.e. a literature survey and an epirical survey). Main ai of the literature survey is to know about well-known quality characteristics tested for obile application developent. Main objective of conducting the epirical survey is to find out which well-known quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for is iportant fro developer s point of view and how they actually test the. Moreover, the testing process used by developers to test obile applications is also surveyed. 1.2 Related Work Mobile application testing is an activity which is aied at evaluating quality of a progra and also for iproving it, by identifying defects and probles [2]. In 2013, Android s Google Play crossed one illion available applications and fifty billion downloads [3]. Therefore due to large nuber of app users and their expectations fro the app to be error free, it is very iportant to eet the quality criteria of an application. Mobile applications growth is increasing intensively today. According to Gartner Inc. [4], in 2013, 879.8 illion obile devices with Android operating syste were shipped, and in 2014 the expectation of this growth ight increase to over one billion. "Every onth, around 20,000 new applications are released, and the current nuber of apps in the Android arket is over 1,200,000 [5]". These nubers reflect that this platfor is intensively increasing day by day and that the focus of developers is to develop ore and ore obile applications. Furtherore, apps are easily available through Google Play Store so it has attracted a large nuber of developers and copanies to develop their apps and put it on Google Play Store [9]. Due to this ease there are illions of apps on this platfor but it doesn t ensure that apps are error free. The apps containing errors can significantly affect the developer s iage and ay har the users. So it is the duty of developers to test the apps before releasing to the arket to ensure the quality of apps [2]. The apps with alost no errors are ost downloaded and used by users and trust is built between user and developers [2]. 10
Mobile application testing is an activity which is aied at evaluating quality of a progra and also for iproving it, by identifying defects and probles [2]. It is uch ore difficult than the conventional software testing because the ipact of obile applications are saller than the desktop applications on a virtual achine. Mobile application testing has becoe a great challenge that needs iediate action to be tackled and there is no doubt that obile applications need specific quality characteristics [6]. The quality characteristics are used by obile application developers to ensure the quality of obile applications [2]. Google Play fraework akes it very easy for users to search and install the app. Therefore, soe developers think it is not necessary to test the app before releasing as it requires a lot of tie, so they wait for the users feedback if they report any proble they try to fix it and release the new version of app.[9] In y research ethodology course, I contacted 200 developers to perfor the epirical survey on quality characteristics tested for Android obile applications by developers. The developers were contacted to know about the ost quality characteristic that the obile applications are tested for. Those 200 developers are the part of these 1000 developers that are contacted. The saple size was sall and few quality characteristics were asked. But the iportance, use and testing process of Android apps still needs to be figured out. There have been any epirical studies conducted on Android obile application testing. Takala applied odel based user interface testing on Android applications and he has reported his experience [17]. Bhattacharya et al. perfored an investigation on bug reports and bug fixing ethod of Android applications [18]. Kropp and Morales exained strengths and weaknesses of instruentation fraework and positron fraework for testing obile graphical user interface applications [19]. Syer et al. studied the 15 ost coon Android applications and then copared it with 3 desktop applications [20]. McDonnell et al. studied the constancy and acceptance of APIs in Android network [21]. Maji et al. studies and characterized the failures in both Android and Sybian obile OSes [22]. Recently there was a research done that used survey ethodology, the tools were identified that are used in testing of Android obile applications by calculating their code coverage, the presence of test case and the challenges faced by developers in testing of Android obile applications [9]. Another research was done to understand the challenges faced by Android obile application developer s [23]. The quality characteristics tested for windows phone has been researched recently [9]. Different testing techniques are being introduced to overcoe the challenges faced by developers but still quality characteristics that Android developers think are iportant and are tested for Android obile applications is unknown and are being ignored. So, to overcoe this gap I was interested in perforing the epirical survey on the quality characteristics iportance and how often these quality characteristics are tested for Android obile applications. Apart fro that I was also interested in perforing epirical survey on the testing process used by developers for testing of Android obile applications. I surveyed Android obile application developers to know about current testing state of Android obile applications. The rest of the sections are organized as follows: Section 2 presents the research questions and the ethodologies used. Section 3 presents the results of an epirical survey. Section 4 presents the analysis of the results. Section 5 presents discussion section in which answers to the research questions are explained briefly and connected with RQS. Section 6 describes validity threats, conclusion and the future work needed. 11
2 METHODOLOGY: A ixed approach: literature review and epirical survey was used in this research to carry out the answers of research questions. The literature review was conducted to know about the wellknown quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for fro the published work and the epirical survey was used to know the current testing state of Android obile applications. 2.1 Research questions The research questions considered in this work are as follows: Table 1: Research Questions Research Questions RQ1: What are the quality characteristics that obile applications are tested for? RQ2: Which are the ost and least iportant quality characteristics for which obile applications is tested for according to developer s perspective? RQ3: Which are the frequently and barely quality characteristics for which the obile applications is actually tested for by developers? RQ4: Does the iportance and testing of quality characteristics for which the obile application is tested for differs between top rated and low rated apps developer? RQ5: How are Android obile applications tested? Description This research question ais at finding the set of quality characteristics used to test obile applications fro the published work. This research question ais to find out the ost iportant and least iportant quality characteristics for which the obile applications is tested for according to developer s perspective. This research question ais to find out the frequently and barely quality characteristics for which the obile applications is actually tested for fro the developers perspective. This research question ais to find out whether the iportance and testing of quality characteristics for which the obile applications are tested differs between top rated and low rated apps developer. This research question ais to find out the current testing process used by developers in testing of Android obile applications. 2.2 Literature review A ixed approach: database search and snowballing approach was used to extract the papers. Soe papers were extracted fro IEEE and ACM databases by using the keywords that were derived fro research questions. The snowballing approach is then used which involves two steps: (1) deriving the start set of the papers and (2) perforing forward and backward snowballing. The research papers extracted fro IEEE and ACM databases were used as a start set to perfor snowballing. 12
2.2.1 Extended Design and deriving the Start set of papers: According to Wohlen, a good start set should have the following characteristics [29]. Diversity of the papers should be targeted which should cover different publishers, authors, years. To obtain this, it is recoended to cover this in start set. Size of start set depends on the size of area being studied for exaple if you are focusing on a specific area it requires lesser papers than focusing on a broader area. If search string is not forulated well too any papers can be found, To itigate it papers which are highly cited and have ore relevant references can be used by to obtain perfect start set. There can be a risk to iss relevant papers by using different terinology. To itigate it, synonys can be used with keywords that are derived fro research questions. The following search string was used to identify the start set was the following: (Testing types OR practices OR quality characteristics) And (Mobile applications) I used backward snowballing which is looking at the reference of the papers by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The ain advantage of using snowballing is that it just focuses on the referenced and cited papers [26]. The snowballing approach is as good as database search and easy to perfor as copared to database. I did the literature review not a systeatic literature review due to tie constraint. Systeatic review is basically in depth study of the relevant topic that identifies, selects all high quality research evidence which is relevant to that topic and to do it successfully it requires a lot of tie. Literature review is basically qualitatively reviews on a topic using general ethods to collect data. The literature review was conducted to find different quality characteristics for which the obile applications is tested. The literature review covers the answer of RQ1. Following are the different testing characteristics that the obile applications are tested for is found fro the published work. I. Usability Testing: Usability testing is used for activities that assess UI content and alerts, user operation flows and scenarios, edia richness, and gesture interaction [7] [9]. II. Perforance Testing: Perforance testing is used for the activities to deterine the speed or effectiveness of coputer, network, software progra or device [6] [7] [9] [24]. III. Reliability Testing: Reliability Testing relates to testing software s ability to function in given environental conditions for a particular aount of tie [6] [7] [24]. IV. Security Testing: Security testing includes encryption/decryption techniques to ensure the data counication, checks for ulti user support, and checks within app for the access of files [6] [7] [23] [24]. V. Meory Testing: 13
Meory testing is used to check how uch eory the application is taking. It is also used to check for the eory leakage, if the applications are already killed and their active processes are still taking eory [6] [24]. VI. Energy Testing: Energy testing is used to ensure that the applications don t use ore energy than required one. If ore energy is taken by single application then it will reduce the battery life of device [6] [24]. VII. Functional Testing: Functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process and a type of black box testing that is used to check each and every function works perfectly or not. Functional testing usually describes what the syste actually does. Functional testing tests the portion of the functionality of the whole syste [6] [7] [9]. VIII. Interoperability Testing: Interoperability testing involves testing whether a given software progra or technology is copatible with others and prootes cross-use functionality [7]. IX. Copatibility Testing: Copatibility testing is part of software non-functional tests, is testing conducted on the application to evaluate the application's copatibility with the coputing environent [23] [6] [9]. X. Connectivity Testing: Connectivity testing is a testing activity designed to validate the continuity of network counications [6] [7] [23] [24]. XI. Load Testing: Load testing is the process of putting deand on a syste or device and easuring its response to check its efficiency [9]. 2.3 Epirical Survey There are any different ways to perfor a survey like street surveys, telephone survey and electronic surveys. I used the epirical survey (online survey) to gather required data because it is a suitable strategy to collect data fro ore nuber of people (ethods, tools, developers and copanies) to gain the understanding of larger population [10]. With an increasing use of internet users it is easy to perfor surveys because you can contact the developers or copanies online (i.e. online surveys) and with the availability of this technology the interest to perfor surveys is increasing day by day this. Kitchenha and Pfleeger s [16] show that the interest in doing a survey is increasing in the field of software Engineering. There is another study which is done within the Geran ViSEK project depicts the growing interest of epirical survey. My survey was based on an online questionnaire with three close ended questions and one open ended question (optional) to collect the required inforation. All the three close ended questions [11] have a fixed nuber of options that the respondent has to choose while in open ended question, the respondent is required to write soething as answer. The online questionnaire was 14
created on Google Fors [12] and the questionnaire link was provided to respondents via eail. There are two challenges arise in collecting the online survey: (1) keeping track of response sources and (2) preventing ultiple responses fro the sae person [25]. I filtered responses received based on subission tie [15].Since there can be ultiple subissions fro one syste due to browser or internet connectivity proble so screening for tie of subission (within a 2- inute interval) eliinated such duplicate responses. Abiguous responses were not received as our survey was liited to the Android developers of obile applications in play store. Survey responses have to be saved in the database such as Oracle or MySQL [25]. My survey was done through Google Fors so responses were saved online in Google database. 2.4 Preparation of Questionnaire Based on the results of the literature review, the questionnaire was developed.the questionnaire was then discussed with the supervisor and soe changes were ade according to the research questions. The questionnaire was then finalized and sent it to the developers for their feedback. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: The first part was related to the quality characteristics iportance fro their perspective. The second part was related to the actual testing of quality characteristics by Android obile application developers. The third part was related to what testing process is used by developers in testing of Android obile application. The questions were close ended and every question has checkboxes provided for the predefined answer because nowadays ostly people prefer to answer close ended questions [10].There was also one open ended question but that was optional in case if a developer wants to add any other inforation. The questionnaire is provided in the Appendix (A). There was a sequence in the questions so that respondents get interest in filling the survey. The questionnaire did not have a lot of questions as it is said that the ore questions you ask, the ore tie it will take to answer it and respondent will lose their interest in filling the questionnaire [10]. 2.5 Research Design and Data Collection: I divided the quality characteristic iportance into three levels (ost iportant, least iportant and not iportant) and testing of quality characteristic also in three levels (i.e. ostly used, rarely used and never used). By doing the literature review in section 2.2, I found eleven unique quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for. I included the in the online questionnaire as close ended questions. In addition, I added an open ended question in order to get a response about any other quality characteristic that is also uniquely used by obile application developers. I decided to liit y research to only one online obile application store. So I perfored the survey on Google Play App. store developers, because according to the Sartphone OS Market Share analysis by IDC [13], Android OS has the largest OS arket share as copared to other obile operating systes. Google Play App. Store website [14] enabled us to easily find contact inforation of developers. The questionnaire was sent on 20 th May to 400 developers but I didn t get enough responses. The developers nuber was then increased fro 400 to 1000. Again the eail was sent to reaining 600 developer s (300 top rated and 300 low rated) on June15. Three reinders were given to the. First one was in the onth of May, second was in the onth of July and last reinder was given on the onth of August. The questionnaire was open fro 20 th May to 5 th Septeber. 15
Total 43 responses were obtained out of 1000 developers contacted of the Google Play App. Store.20 responses out of 500 were obtained fro the top rated apps developers and 23 responses out of 500 were obtained fro the low rated apps developers. All the developers contact inforation was gathered fro Google Play store. 16
3 RESULTS The results are categorized according to the top rated developer s response and low rated developer s response separately. The suary of each quality characteristics iportance, testing and testing process is given in the tables with the help of a pie chart. There is one box on which it is entioned any other quality characteristics iportance and its testing level. Blue color indicates the Iportant and Mostly used quality characteristic fro developer s perspective, Red color indicates the Less iportant and Rarely used quality characteristic and yellow color indicates Not iportant and Never used quality characteristics. This color schee applies to all the graphs given in the results section. The analysis on this raw results are perfored in section 4. 3.1 Top rated apps developer s feedback The results shown below are the feedback I got fro the top rated Apps developers in ters of iportance, testing of quality characteristics and the testing process used to test Android obile applications 3.1.1 Iportance of quality characteristics The suary of each quality characteristics iportance according to the top rated developer s perspective are given below in Table 2 with the help of pie chart. Table 2: Quality characteristics iportance by top rated apps developers. 1.1 Usability Testing 1.2 Perforance Testing 1.3 Reliability Testing Iportant 16 80% Iportant 16 80% Iportant 12 60% Less Iportant 4 20% Less Iportant 3 15% Less Iportant 7 35% Not Iportant 0 0% Not Iportant 1 5% Not Iportant 1 5% 1.4 Security Testing 1.5 Meory Testing 1.6 Energy Testing Iportant 14 70% Iportant 13 65% Iportant 12 60% Less Iportant 4 20% Less Iportant 4 20% Less Iportant 3 15% Not Iportant 2 10% Not Iportant 3 15% Not Iportant 5 25% 17
1.7 Functional Testing 1.8 Interoperability Test 1.9 Copatibility Testing Iportant 19 95% Iportant 11 55% Iportant 12 60% Less Iportant 1 5% Less Iportant 7 35% Less Iportant 6 30% Not Iportant 0 0% Not Iportant 2 10% Not Iportant 2 10% 1.10 Connectivity Testing 1.11 Load Testing Any other quality characteristic and its iportance? Iportant 12 60% Iportant 10 50% Less Iportant 8 40% Less Iportant 6 30% Not Iportant 0 0% Not Iportant 4 20% None 3.1.2 Testing of quality characteristics The Suary of each quality characteristics testing according to the top rated developer s perspective are given below in Table 3 with the help of pie chart. Table 3: Quality characteristics testing by top rated apps developers. 2.1 Usability Testing 2.2 Perforance Testing 2.3 Reliability Testing Mostly Used 14 70% Mostly Used 12 60% Mostly Used 15 75% Rarely used 6 30% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 4 20% Never Used 0 0% Never Used 1 5% Never Used 1 5% 18
2.4 Security Testing 2.5 Meory Testing 2.6 Energy Testing Mostly Used 12 60% Mostly Used 9 45% Mostly Used 8 40% Rarely used 5 25% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 4 20% Never Used 3 15% Never Used 4 20% Never Used 8 40% 2.7 Functional Testing 2.8 Interoperability Test 2.9 Copatibility Testing Mostly Used 17 85% Mostly Used 10 50% Mostly Used 13 65% Rarely used 3 15% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 5 25% Never Used 0 0% Never Used 3 15% Never Used 2 10% 2.10 Connectivity Testing 2.10 Load Testing Any other quality characteristic and its testing level? Mostly Used 9 45% Mostly Used 9 45% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 5 25% Never Used 4 20% Never Used 6 30% None 19
3.1.3 Testing process of top rated applications Below in Table 4 it s been suarized how do the top rated apps developer perfor testing on Android obile applications. Table 4: Testing perfored by top rated developers. 3.2 Low rated apps developer s feedback The results shown below are the feedback I got fro the low rated Apps developers in ters of iportance, testing of quality characteristics and the testing process used to test Android obile applications. 20
3.2.1 Iportance of quality characteristics The Suary of each quality characteristics iportance according to the low rated developer s perspective are given below in Table 5 with the help of pie chart. Table 5: Quality characteristics iportance by low rated apps developers. 1.1 Usability Testing 1.2 Perforance Testing 1.3 Reliability Testing Iportant 21 91.3% Iportant 20 87% Iportant 11 47.8% Less Iportant 2 8.7% Less Iportant 3 13% Less Iportant 12 52.2% Not Iportant 0 0% Not Iportant 0 5% Not Iportant 0 0 % 1.4 Security Testing 1.5 Meory Testing 1.6 Energy Testing Iportant 19 82.6% Iportant 12 52.2% Iportant 11 47.8% Less Iportant 3 13% Less Iportant 6 26.1% Less Iportant 7 30.4% Not Iportant 1 4.3% Not Iportant 5 21.7% Not Iportant 5 21.7% 1.7 Functional Testing 1.8 Interoperability Test 1.9 Copatibility Testing Iportant 22 95.7% Iportant 13 56.5% Iportant 14 60.9% Less Iportant 1 4.3% Less Iportant 9 39.1% Less Iportant 8 34.8% Not Iportant 0 0% Not Iportant 1 4.3% Not Iportant 1 4.3% 21
1.10 Connectivity 1.11 Load Testing Testing Any other quality characteristic and its iportance? None Iportant 10 43.5% Iportant 12 52.2% Less Iportant 11 47.8% Less Iportant 10 43.5% Not Iportant 2 8.7% Not Iportant 1 4.3% 3.2.2 Testing of quality characteristics The suary of each quality characteristics testing according to the low rated developer s perspective are given below in Table 6 with the help of pie chart. Table 6: Quality characteristics testing by low rated apps developers. 2.1 Usability Testing 2.2 Perforance Testing 2.3 Reliability Testing Mostly Used 14 70% Mostly Used 12 60% Mostly Used 15 75% Rarely used 6 30% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 4 20% Never Used 0 0% Never Used 1 5% Never Used 1 5% 2.4 Security Testing 2.5 Meory Testing 2.6 Energy Testing Mostly Used 12 60% Mostly Used 9 45% Mostly Used 8 40% Rarely used 5 25% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 4 20% Never Used 3 15% Never Used 4 20% Never Used 8 40% 22
2.7 Functional Testing 2.8 Interoperability Test 2.9 Copatibility Testing Mostly Used 17 85% Mostly Used 10 50% Mostly Used 13 65% Rarely used 3 15% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 5 25% Never Used 0 0% Never Used 3 15% Never Used 2 10% 2.10 Connectivity Testing 2.10 Load Testing Any other testing characteristic and its testing level? Mostly Used 9 45% Mostly Used 9 45% Rarely used 7 35% Rarely used 5 25% Never Used 4 20% Never Used 6 30% None 3.2.3 Testing process of low rated applications Below in Table 7 it s been suarized how do the low rated apps developer perfor testing on Android obile applications. Table 7: Testing perfored by low rated apps developers. 23
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4 ANALYSIS 4.1 Data Analysis The purpose of data analysis was to copare the quality characteristics with respect to their iportance and how they are actually used by obile application developers. To obtain this, I assigned the points to every type of answer. I.e. I assigned 1 point to Most Iportant and Mostly used characteristic, 0.5 point to Less Iportant and Rarely used and (0) point to Not iportant and Never used. I added these points for each quality characteristic to obtain the total points for that characteristic. Moreover, to represent how the testing is perfored and the coparison of quality characteristics I decided to use Bar Chart to represent y analysis result. 4.2 Top Rated Apps 4.2.1 Iportance by top rated developers Here the analysis is being done to understand which quality characteristics are iportant, less iportant and not iportant fro top rated developer s perspective. Table 8 represents the analysis done for the iportance of quality characteristics fro top rated apps developer s perspective. Table 8: Analysis for the iportance of quality characteristics fro top Rated apps developer s perspective. S. Quality Iportant Less Not No Characteristic (1p) Iportant iportant Total Points (0.5p) (0p) 1- Usability Testing 16*(1) = 16 4*(0.5) = 2 0*(0) = 0 16+2+0 = 18 2- Perforance Testing 16*(1) = 16 3*(0.5) = 1.5 1*(0) = 0 16+1.5+0 = 17.5 3- Reliability Testing 12*(1) = 12 7*(0.5) = 3.5 1*(0) = 0 12+3.5+0 = 15.5 4- Security Testing 14*(1) = 14 4*(0.5) = 2 2*(0) = 0 14+2+0 = 16 5- Meory Testing 13*(1) = 13 4*(0.5) = 2 3*(0) = 0 13+2+0 = 15 6- Energy Testing 12*(1) = 12 3*(0.5) = 1.5 5*(0) = 0 12+1.5+0 = 13.5 7- Functional Testing 19*(1) = 19 1*(0.5) = 0.5 0*(0) = 0 19+0.5+0 = 19.5 8- Interoperability 11*(1) = 11 7*(0.5) = 3.5 2*(0) = 0 11+3.5+0 = 14.5 Testing 9- Copatibility Testing 12*(1) = 12 6*(0.5) = 3 2*(0) = 0 12+3+0 = 15 10- Connectivity Testing 12*(1) = 12 8*(0.5) = 4 0*(0) = 0 12+4+0 = 16 11- Load Testing 10*(1) = 10 6*(0.5) = 3 4*(0) = 0 10+3+0 = 13 25
The calculation results for each quality characteristic iportance according to top rated developer s perspective can also be illustrated by using bar chart as shown in Figure 1 below: Figure 1: Coparison of iportant quality characteristics fro top rated developer s perspective. According to the survey responses received, the ost iportant quality characteristic for which obile applications are tested for aong obile application developers is functional testing and the least iportant quality characteristic is load testing as illustrated in the Figure 1. We can order these quality characteristics with respect to their iportance as following: 1. Functional Testing 2. Usability Testing 3. Perforance Testing 4. Security Testing 4. Connectivity Testing 6. Reliability Testing 7. Meory Testing 7. Copatibility Testing 9. Interoperability Testing 10. Energy Testing 11. Load Testing 26
4.2.2 Testing by top rated developers Here the analysis is being done to understand which quality characteristics are ostly used, rarely used and never used fro top rated developer s perspective. Table 9 represents the analysis done for the testing level of quality characteristics fro top rated apps developer s perspective. Table 9: Analysis for the testing level of quality characteristics fro top rated apps developer s perspective. S. Quality Mostly Rarely Used Never Used No Characteristic Used (0.5p) (0p) Total Points (1p) 1- Usability Testing 14*(1) = 14 6*(0.5) = 3 0*(0) = 0 14+3+0 = 17 2- Perforance Testing 12*(1 ) = 12 7*(0.5) = 3 1*(0) = 0 12+3+0 = 15 3- Reliability Testing 15*(1) = 15 4*(0.5) = 2 1*(0) = 0 15+2+0 = 17 4- Security Testing 12*(1 ) = 12 5*(0.5) = 2.5 3*(0) = 0 12+2.5+0 = 14.5 5- Meory Testing 9*(1) = 9 7*(0.5) = 3.5 4*(0) = 0 9+3.5+0 = 12.5 6- Energy Testing 8*(1) = 8 4*(0.5) = 2 8*(0) = 0 8+2+0 = 10 7- Functional Testing 17*(1) = 17 3*(0.5) = 1.5 0*(0) = 0 17+1.5+0 = 18.5 8- Interoperability 10*(1) = 10 7*(0.5) = 3.5 3*(0) = 0 10+3.5+0 =13.5 Testing 9- Copatibility Testing 13*(1) = 13 5*(0.5) = 2.5 2*(0) = 0 13+2.5+0 = 15.5 10- Connectivity Testing 9*(1) = 9 7*(0.5) = 3.5 4*(0) = 0 9+3.5+0 = 12.5 11- Load Testing 9*(1) = 9 5*(0.5) = 2.5 6*(0) = 0 9+2.5+0 = 11.5 The calculation results for each quality characteristics testing level according to top rated developers can also be illustrated by using Bar Chart as shown in Figure 2 below: 27
Figure 2: Coparison of testing level of quality characteristics fro top rated developer s perspective. According to the survey responses received, the ost used quality characteristic aong obile application developers is functional testing and the least used quality characteristic is Interoperability Testing as illustrated in the Figure2. We can order these quality characteristics with respect to their testing as following: 1. Functional Testing 2. Usability Testing 2. Reliability Testing 4. Copatibility Testing 5. Perforance Testing 6. Security Testing 7. Interoperability Testing 8. Connectivity Testing 9. Meory Testing 10. Load Testing 11. Energy Testing 4.2.3 Testing process of top rated apps In this section, it is explained how the top rated developers actually test their applications. According to the survey responses received ost of the top rated apps developer while 28
creating test cases they prefer to use the test cases that are predefined in scripts or docuents instead of doing testing by theselves (for exaple rando tests, exploratory test etc.). To run their tests, top rated app developers prefer to run their tests on eulator rather than running on phone and 55% of the developers prefer to run their tests autoatically via a tool or service as a cloud while reaining 45% run their tests anually. 4.3 Low Rated Apps 4.3.1 Iportance by low rated developers Here the analysis is being done to understand which quality characteristics are iportant, less iportant and not iportant fro low rated developer s perspective. Table 10 represents the analysis done for the iportance of quality characteristics fro low rated apps developer s perspective. Table 10: Analysis for the iportance of quality characteristics fro low Rated apps developer s perspective. S. Quality Iportant Less Not No Characteristic (1p) Iportant iportant Total Points (0.5p) (0p) 1- Usability Testing 21*(1) = 21 2*(0.5) = 1 0*(0) = 0 21+1+0 = 22 2- Perforance Testing 20*(1 ) = 20 3*(0.5) = 1.5 0*(0) = 0 20+1.5+0 = 21.5 3- Reliability Testing 11*(1) = 11 12*(0.5) = 6 0*(0) = 0 11+6+0 = 17 4- Security Testing 19*(1 ) = 19 3*(0.5) = 1.5 1*(0) = 0 19+1.5+0 = 19.5 5- Meory Testing 12*(1) = 12 6*(0.5) = 3 5*(0) = 0 12+3+0 = 10 6- Energy Testing 11*(1) = 11 7*(0.5) = 3.5 5*(0) = 0 11+3.5+0 = 14.5 7- Functional Testing 22*(1) = 22 1*(0.5) = 0.5 0*(0) = 0 22+0.5+0 = 22.5 8- Interoperability 13*(1) = 13 9*(0.5) = 4.5 1*(0) = 0 13+4.5+0 = 17.5 Testing 9- Copatibility 14*(1) = 14 8*(0.5) = 4 1*(0) = 0 14+4+0 = 18 Testing 10- Connectivity Testing 12*(1) = 12 10*(0.5) = 5 1*(0) = 0 12+5+0 = 17 11- Load Testing 10*(1) = 10 11*(0.5) = 5.5 2*(0) = 0 10+5.5+0 = 15.5 29
The calculation results for each quality characteristic iportance can also be illustrated by using Bar Chart as shown in figure (3) below: Figure 3: Coparison of iportant quality characteristics fro low rated developer s perspective. According to the survey responses received, the ost iportant quality characteristic aong obile application developers is functional testing and the least iportant quality characteristic is eory testing as illustrated in the Figure 3. We can order these quality characteristics with respect to their iportance as following: 1. Functional Testing 2. Usability Testing 3. Perforance Testing 4. Security Testing 5. Copatibility Testing 6. Interoperability Testing 7. Reliability Testing 7. Connectivity Testing 9. Load Testing 10. Energy Testing 11. Meory Testing 4.3.2 Testing level by low rated developers Here the analysis is being done to understand which quality characteristics are ostly used, rarely used and never used fro low rated developer s perspective. Table 11 represents the 30
analysis done for the testing level of quality characteristics fro low rated apps developer s perspective. Table 11: Analysis for the testing level of quality characteristics fro low Rated apps developer s perspective. S. Quality Mostly Rarely Used Never Used Total Points No Characteristic Used (0.5p) (0p) (1p) 1- Usability Testing 18*(1) = 18 5*(0.5) = 2.5 0*(0) = 0 18+2.5+0 = 20.5 2- Perforance Testing 13*(1 ) = 13 10*(0.5) = 5 0*(0) = 0 13+5+0 = 18 3- Reliability Testing 10*(1) = 10 10*(0.5) = 5 3*(0) = 0 10+5+0 = 15 4- Security Testing 11*(1 ) = 11 8*(0.5) = 4 4*(0) = 0 11+4+0 = 15 5- Meory Testing 3*(1) = 3 14*(0.5) = 7 6*(0) = 0 3+7+0 = 10 6- Energy Testing 5*(1) = 5 8*(0.5) = 4 10*(0) = 0 5+4+0 = 9 7- Functional Testing 19*(1) = 19 4*(0.5) = 2 0*(0) = 0 19+2+0 = 21 8- Interoperability 6*(1) = 6 15*(0.5) = 2*(0) = 0 6+7.5+0 = 13.5 Testing 7.5 9- Copatibility 8*(1) = 8 14*(0.5) = 7 1*(0) = 0 8+7+0 = 15 Testing 10- Connectivity Testing 7*(1) = 7 15*(0.5) = 1*(0) = 0 7+7.5+0 = 14.5 7.5 11- Load Testing 4*(1) = 4 15*(0.5) = 4*(0) = 0 4+7.5+0 = 11.5 7.5 The calculation results for each quality characteristic can also be illustrated by using Bar Chart as shown in figure (4) below: 31
Figure 4: Coparison of testing level of quality characteristics fro low rated developer s perspective. According to the survey responses received, the ost used quality characteristic aong obile application developers is functional testing and the least used quality characteristic is energy testing as illustrated in the Figure 4. We can order these quality characteristics with respect to their testing as following: 1. Functional Testing 2. Usability Testing 3. Perforance Testing 4. Security Testing 4. Copatibility Testing 4. Reliability Testing 7. Connectivity Testing 8. Interoperability Testing 9. Load Testing 10. Meory Testing 11. Energy Testing 4.3.3 Testing process by low rated developers In this section, it is explained how the low rated developers actually test their applications. According to the survey responses received ost of the low rated apps developer while creating test cases they prefer to use the test cases that are predefined in scripts or docuents instead of doing testing by theselves (for exaple rando tests, exploratory test etc.). To 32
run their tests, low rated app developers also prefer to run their tests on eulator rather than running on phone and 70% of the developers prefer to run their tests autoatically via a tool or service as a cloud while reaining 30% run their tests anually. 4.4 Coparison of quality characteristics iportance, testing and their testing process In this section the analysis which was done earlier for the top rated and low rated is copared. The ost iportant quality characteristics aong top rated and low rated apps developer for which obile applications are tested is functional testing and usability testing and these quality characteristics are ostly used by both of the when testing obile applications. Quality characteristics which are not that iportant fro top rated developer s perspective for which obile applications are tested is load testing and energy testing and they are not used often by top rated apps developer. Quality characteristics which are not that iportant fro low rated developer s perspective is energy testing and eory testing and these quality characteristics are not used often by low rated apps developers. When it coes to testing, top rated and low rated developer s both create test cases that are predefined in scripts or docuents. Both developer s prefer to execute their tests on eulator rather than on obile and they prefers to run their tests autoatically via a tool or service as a cloud. The iportance, testing and testing process of top rated apps and low rated apps developer doesn t differ uch but when it coes to uniportance and not testing of quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for it differs between top rated and low rated apps. 33
5 DISCUSSION In this research study I explored various quality characteristics that are used in testing of Android obile applications. Then an epirical study was perfored to verify the literature findings by conducting an epirical survey. The iportance and testing of quality characteristics of both the top rated and low rated were figured out. Moreover, the testing process used by top rated apps developer and low rated apps developer was also figured out. Answer to Research questions: RQ1: What are the quality characteristics that obile applications are tested for? Answer: 11 different quality characteristics that the obile applications are tested for is found fro the literature I-e Usability Testing, Perforance Testing, Reliability Testing, Security Testing, Meory Testing, Energy Testing, Functional Testing, Copatibility Testing, Interoperability Testing, Connectivity Testing and Load Testing. RQ2: Which are the ost and least iportant quality characteristics for which obile applications is tested for according to developer s perspective? Answer: According to the survey responses top rated apps developers and low rated apps developer both responded functional testing and usability testing are the ost iportant quality characteristics for which the obile application is tested for. Top rated apps developer responded energy testing, load testing are not iportant while low rated apps developer responded eory testing and energy testing are not iportant when testing Android obile applications. So the results differ between top rated and low rated apps developer when asked about the not iportant testing characteristics for which the obile applications are tested for. RQ3: Which are the frequently and barely quality characteristics for which the obile applications is actually tested for by developers? Answer: According to the survey responses top rated apps developers and low rated apps developers both responded functional testing, usability testing are the ost tested quality characteristics for which the obile applications is tested for. Top rated apps developer responded energy testing, load testing are not tested often while low rated apps developer responded eory testing and energy testing are not tested often when testing Android obile applications. So the results differ between top rated and low rated apps developer when asked about the not tested quality characteristics for which the obile applications are tested for. RQ4: Does the iportance and testing of quality characteristics for which the obile application is tested for differs between top rated and low rated apps developer? Answer: According to the results, the iportance and testing of quality characteristics that the obile applications are tested for doesn t differ between top rated and low rated apps developer doesn t differ. They both responded functional testing and usability testing is ost iportant and ostly tested quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for. There is a difference between top rated apps developer and low rated apps developer regarding uniportance and not tested quality characteristic for which the obile applications are tested for. Top rated apps developer responded energy testing and load testing are not that iportant fro their perspective and is not tested often. Low rated apps developer responded eory testing and energy testing is not iportant so they don t test it often. 34
RQ5: How are the Android obile applications tested? Answer: Most of the developers create test cases that are predefined in scripts or docuents. They prefer to execute their tests on eulator rather than on obile. They run their tests autoatically via tool or service as a cloud. 35
6 CONCLUSION My research objective was to find out which quality characteristics are iportant and not iportant for which the obile applications are tested for fro developer s perspective and how they are actually tested by Android obile application developers and the testing process used by the for testing of Android obile applications. My research result shows that functional testing and usability quality characteristics for which the obile applications are tested for are very iportant fro top rated and low rated app developer s perspective and are ostly tested by obile application developers in testing of Android obile applications. Top rated apps developer think energy testing and load testing are not that iportant fro their perspective and they don t test it often. Low rated apps developer thinks energy testing and load testing is not that iportant and they don t test it often. When it coes to testing process, both the developers create test cases that are predefined in scripts or docuents. Both of the prefer to execute their tests on eulator rather than on obile and prefers to run their tests autoatically via a tool or service as a cloud. The iportance, testing and testing process of Android obile application doesn t differ between top rated and low rated apps developer. The quality characteristics uniportance and not tested differs between top rated and low rated apps developer. 6.1 Validity I filtered responses received based on subission tie [15]. Since there can be ultiple subissions fro one syste due to browser or internet connectivity proble so screening for tie of subission (within a 2-inute interval) eliinated such duplicate responses. Abiguous responses were not received as y survey was liited to the Android developers of obile applications in play store. In the start I contacted 400 developers and I expected to get a response fro at least 50 people but unfortunately I couldn t get that response. So I had to increase the nuber of developers to 1000 and I got 43 responses and received response ratio was 4.3%. Reinder eail was sent continuously to increase the nuber of responses. Following are the validity threats to y research work: 1. I targeted the developers of only one obile platfor and didn t consider other platfor developers. The results claied are only for Android obile application developers. 2. I didn t ask about the experience of developers during the survey, so every respondent is considered as equally experienced. 3. The quality of apps developed by respondents was not exained. Every app was given equal iportance and the apps were chosen on their rating. Nuber of downloads or year of the app was not easured. 4. I didn t consider the doain of obile application developers as the iportance and testing of quality characteristics also depends on the obile application type. 5. The questionnaire ight not be designed properly which can result in confusion and isinterpretation for developers. 6. I only used backward snowballing approach and did not use forward snowballing approach which can be added to threats to validity. 36
6.2 Future Work For future research, the survey can be extended to ore nuber of developers and different platfors so that ore nuber of responses can be received that allows statistical analysis and therefore brings significant to our results. Coparison can be done with different platfors and see whether all the platfors use the sae quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for or not. Moreover, in future it can be figured out why the uniportance and not testing of quality characteristics for which obile applications are tested for differ between top rated and low rated apps developer. 37
7 REFERENCES [1] G. Chen and D. Kotz, A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Coputing Research, Hanover, NH, USA, Tech. Rep., 2000. [2] Zhifang Liu,Xiaopeng Gao, Xiang Long. Adaptive Rando Testing of Mobile Application,Coputer Engineering and Technology (ICCET), 2010 2nd International Conference on (Volue:2) April 2010,pp V2-297 - V2-301. [3] Coibra Morgado, I. Paiva, A.C.R.; Faria, J.P. Autoated Pattern-Based Testing of Mobile Applications.Pattern Recognition, Inforatics and Mobile Engineering (PRIME), 2014 International Conference on Sept. 2014.pp 294-299. [4] Gartner, "Gartner Says Worldwide Traditional PC, Tablet, Ultraobile and Mobile Phone Shipents Are On Pace to Grow 6.9 Percent in 2014",March, 2014, http://www.gartner.co/newsroo/id/269231, last acessed April 2014. [5] AppBrain, "AppBrain Stats", https://www.appbrain.co/stats/nuber-ofandroid-apps, last accessed May, 2015. [6] Kirubakaran, B. Karthikeyani,V. Mobile Application Testing Challenges and Solution Approach through Autoation.Pattern Recognition, Inforatics and Mobile Engineering (PRIME), 2013 International Conference on Feb. 2013. pp 79-84. [7] Jerry Gao, Xiaoying Bai, Wei-Tek Tsai, Tadahiro Uehara. "Mobile Application Testing: A Tutorial". Coputer (Volue: 47, Issue: 2), 02 January 2014. pp. 46-55. [8] Robert M. Groves, Floyd J. Fowler, Jr., Mick P. Couper, Jaes M. Lepkowski, Eleanor Singer, Roger Tourangeau. "Survey Methodology, 2nd Edition". ISBN: 978-0-470-46546-2. July 2009. [9] Kochhar, P.S ; Thung, F. ; Nagappan, N. ; Zierann, T. Understanding the Test Autoation Culture of App Developers Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on 13-17 April 2015,pp 1-10. [10] Teade Punter, Marcus Ciolkowski, Bernd Freiut, Isabel John. Conducting Online Surveys in Software Engineering. Epirical Software Engineering, 2003. ISESE 2003. Proceedings. 2003 International Syposiu. Oct 2003. pp 80 88. [11] Dillan D., Syth J., & Christioan LM. (2009) Internet and Mixed-Mode Surveys. The Tailored Design Method. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey.Q. [12] Google For https://docs.google.co/fors. Last accessed August 30, 2015. [13] Sartphone OS Market Share, Q3 2014. "http://www.idc.co/prodserv/sartphoneos-arket-share.jsp". [14] Google Play App. Store. https://play.google.co/store. Last accessed August 2015. [15] M. V. Sel and N. W. Jankowski, Conducting online surveys, Qual. Quantity, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 435 456, 2006. [16] B. Kitchenha, S. Pfleeger, Principles of Survey Research series of 6 articles, in: ACM Sigsoft Software Engineering Notes, Vol 26 (No.6), Vol 27 (No. 1,3,5), Vol 28 (No.2), 2001-2003. 38
[17] T. Takala, M. Katara, and J. Harty, Experiences of syste-level odelbased GUI testing of an Android application, in ICST, pp. 377 386, 2011. [18] P. Bhattacharya, L. Ulanova, I. Neatiu, and S. C. Koduru, An epirical analysis of bug reports and bug fixing in open source Android apps, in CSMR, pp. 133 143, 2013. [19] M. Kropp and P. Morales, Autoated GUI testing on the Android platfor, Testing Software and Systes, p. 67, 2010. [20] M. D. Syer, M. Nagappan, B. Adas, and A. Hassan, Revisiting prior epirical findings for obile apps: An epirical case study on the 15 ost popular open source Android apps, in CASCON, pp. 283 297, 2013. [21] T. McDonnell, B. Ray, and M. Ki, An epirical study of API stability and adoption in the Android ecosyste, in ICSM, pp. 70 79, 2013. [22] Kuar Maji, K. Hao, S. Sultana, and S. Bagchi, Characterizing failures in obile cases: A case study with Android and Sybian, in ISSRE, pp. 249 258, 2010. [23] Harleen K. Flora, Xiaofeng Wang, Swati V.Chande, An Investigation into Mobile Application Developent Processes: Challenges and Best Practices in IJMECS Vol.6, No. 6, June 2014. [24] Muccini, H. Di Francesco, A, Esposito, P, Software testing of obile applications: Challenges and future research directions Autoation of Software Test (AST), 2012 7th International Workshop on 2-3 June 2012.pp 29-35. [25] Singh A., Taneja A., Mangalaraj G. "Creating online surveys: soe wisdo fro the trenches tutorial". Professional Counication, IEEE Transactions. Volue: 52, Issue: 2. 2009.pp.197-212. [26] Wohlin, Guidelines for Snowballing in Systeatic Literature Studies and a Replication in Software Engineering, in: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessent in Software Engineering (EASE'14), ACM, London, UK, 2014. [27] S M K Quadri & Farooq, S.U. 2010, "Software Testing - Goals, Principles, and Liitations", International Journal of Coputer Applications, vol. 6, no. 9. [28] Logeshwaran Murugesan, Prakash Balasubraanian. Cloud Based Mobile Application Testing Coputer and Inforation Science (ICIS), 2014 IEEE/ACIS 13th International Conference on 4-6 June 2014, PP 287-289. [29] C. Wohlin, Guidelines for Snowballing in Systeatic Literature Studies and a Replication in Software Engineering, in: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessent in Software Engineering (EASE'14), ACM, London, UK, 2014. 39
8 APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE Thank you for taking the tie to coplete the survey. The survey consists of ultiple choice questions and will take about 5 inutes. The responses fro this survey will be used to analyze which testing characteristic is iportant and is ostly used in obile application, and how actually the applications are tested. Q1: Which Testing Characteristic is iportant in testing of obile applications? 1-Usability Testing (activities that assess UI content and alerts, user operation flows and scenarios, edia richness, and gesture interaction) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 2-Perforance Testing (activities for deterining the speed or effectiveness of coputer, network, software progra or device) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 3-Reliability Testing (relates to testing software s ability to function in given environental conditions for a particular aount of tie) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 4-Security Testing (includes eleents of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 5-Meory Testing (eory leaks ay occupy the liited eory resource) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 6-Energy Testing (active processes of killed applications ay reduce the device battery freedo) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 7-Functional Testing (To test each and every function works properly or not) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 40
8-Interoperability Testing (involves testing whether a given software progra or technology is copatible with others and prootes cross-use functionality) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 9- Copatibility Testing (part of software non-functional tests, is testing conducted on the application to evaluate the application's copatibility with the coputing environent) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 10-Connectivity Testing (A testing activity designed to validate the continuity of network counications.) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant 11-Load testing (the process of putting deand on a syste or device and easuring its response) o Iportant o Less iportant o Not iportant Any Other Testing Characteristic? (Please write in the box with its iportance) Q2: Which Testing Characteristic is ostly used in testing of obile applications? 1-Usability Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 2-Perforance Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 3-Reliability Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 41
4-Security Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 5-Meory Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 6-Energy Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 7-Functional Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 8-Interoperability Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 9-Copatibility Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 10-Connectivity Testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used 11-Load testing o Mostly used o Rarely used o Never used Any Other Testing Characteristic? (Please write in the box with its usage level) 42
Q3: How do you actually test your applications? 1- How do you create Test Cases? o Predefined in scripts or docuents o By doing testing itself (for exaple Rando inputs, Exploratory Testing) o Other 2- How do you execute Tests? o On Phone o On Eulator o Other 3- Do you run your tests? o Manually o Autoatically (via tool or Testing as a Service/Cloud) o Other 43
9 APPENDIX B: TOP RATED DEVELOPER S INFORMATION: This is publicly available inforation fro the GOOGLE PLAY STORE and it doesn t include any personal inforation that the developer s provided as part of the survey. Application Nae Rating Developer Nae Eail SVT Play 4 Sveriges svtplay@svt.se Television AB FB Messenger 4 Facebook android-support@fb.co Spotify Music 4.5 Spotify Ltd. android-support@spotify.co ZigZag 4 Ketchapp contact@ketchappgaes.co Agent Alice 4.2 Wooga support@wooga.net Instagra 4.5 Instagra support@instagra.co Crossy Road 4.5 Yodo1 Gaes gpsupport@yodo1.co Skype - free IM & video calls 4 Skype skypeuploader@googleail.co Snapchat 4 Snapchat, Inc support@snapchat.co Viber 4.3 Viber Media S.à r.l. support@viber.co Candy Crush Soda Saga 4.2 King english.support@king.co WhatsApp Messenger 4.4 WhatsApp Inc. android-support@whatsapp.co 360 Security - Antivirus Boost 4.4 Qihoo 360 (NYSE:QIHU) support@360safe.co Netflix 4.4 Netflix, Inc. playstore@netflix.co Clean Master (Speed Booster) 4.7 Cheetah Mobile support@cc.co Super-Bright 4.5 Surpax contact@surpax.net LED Torch Technology Inc. Bus Siulator 4.1 Ovidiu Pop ovidiu.pop.92@gail.co 2015 Subway Surfers 4.4 Kiloo support@kiloo.co App of the Day - 4.2 Appturbo android.support.ca@appturbo.net 100% Free Kik 4.2 Kik Interactive support@kik.co Wish - Shopping Made Fun 4.4 Wish Inc. support@wish.co Unblock king 4.2 obirix help@obirix.co All-In-One 4.6 AIO Toolbox Inc. Support@aiotoolbox.co Toolbox AdVenture 4.4 Kongregate adventurecapitalist@hyperhippo.ca Capitalist M Fingers 4.1 Noodlecake Studios Inc support+android@noodlecake.co My Talking Angela 4.3 Outfit7 support@outfit7.co One Finger Death Punch 4 obirix help@obirix.co Teple Run 2 4.3 Iangi Studios support-android@iangistudios.co Hill Clib 4.4 Fingersoft support@fingersoft.net Racing City Maps 2Go 4.1 Ulon GbH support@ulon.co 44
Offline Maps Clash of Clans 4.4 Supercell gp-info@supercell.co Badoo - Meet New People 4.4 Badoo android.support@badoo.co Swordigo 4.3 Touch Foo playsupport@touchfoo.co Geoetry Dash Lite 4.4 RobTop Gaes info@robtopgaes.co Lifesu Calorie Counter 4.2 ShapeUp Club AB support@lifesu.co CM Security 4.7 Cheetah Mobile csecurity@cc.co Antivirus AppLock 8 Ball Pool 4.4 Miniclip.co support@iniclip.co Twitter 4.1 Twitter, Inc. google-play-eails@twitter.co RunKeeper - 4.4 FitnessKeeper, Inc support@runkeeper.co GPS Track Run Walk QR Code Reader 4 Scan, Inc. support@scan.e Bloons Monkey City 4.1 ninja kiwi support@ninjakiwi.co Adobe Reader 4.3 Adobe adobereader-android@adobe.co Hay Day 4.4 Supercell gp-info@supercell.co Fruit Ninja Free 4.3 Halfbrick Studios fruitninja@halfbrick.co Pinterest 4.7 Pinterest, Inc. help@pinterest.co Bike Race Free - Top Free Gae 4.5 Top Free Gaes. support+bikeraceandroid@topfreegaes.co Wordfeud FREE 4.5 Bertheussen IT support@wordfeud.co Hungry Shark Evolution 4.4 Future Gaes of London support@fgol.co.uk Battery Saver 4.1 IGNIS AMERICA, INC. feedback@1923aerica.co ytuner Radio 4 Appgeneration help@ytuner.obi UK Despicable Me 4.4 Gaeloft android.support@gaeloft.co Shaza 4.4 Shaza android.support@shazatea.co Entertainent Liited PriceSpy 4.1 Prisjakt Sverige android@prisjakt.nu AB Gae of War - Fire Age 4.1 Machine Zone, Inc. android.gaeofwar@achinezone.co LEGO Juniors 4 The LEGO Group android@lego.co Create & Cruise FarVille: 4 Zynga support@zynga.co Harvest Swap Touchgrind BMX 4.1 Illusion Labs info@illusionlabs.se Sonic Dash 4.4 SEGA of Aerica googleplay@segaofaerica.zendesk.co AntiVirus Security - FREE 4.4 AVG Mobile obile-support@avg.co Pirate Kings 4.2 Jelly Button Support@Piratekingsgae.co Gaes Traffic Racer 4.4 Soner Kara trafficracergae@gail.co Angry Birds Go! 4.2 Rovio contact@rovio.co Entertainent Ltd Eniro Navigation 4.2 Eniro kundservice.privat@eniro.co - Offline GPS 45
Barbie Magical Fashion 4 Budge Studios support@budgestudios.ca SoundCloud - Music & Audio 4.4 SoundCloud help@soundcloud.co Torch - Tiny 4.4 Nikolay Ananiev support@tinyflashlight.co Flashlight Zalando 4.4 Zalando SE android@zalando.de Shopping & Fashion Tango: Free 4.2 Tango TangoSupportMarketPlace@Tango.e Video Calls & Text LINE: Free Calls & Messages 4.2 LINE Corporation line-support@line.e GO Keyboard - 4.4 GO Keyboard Dev goforkeyboard@gail.co Eoji, Tea Eoticons Frozen Free Fall 4.3 Disney support@disneyobile.co Yr 4.2 NRK yr@et.no VLC for Android 4.3 beta Videolabs videolan.obile@gail.co 1010! Puzzle 4.2 Gra Gaes info@gra.gs io free video calls and chat 4.2 io.i android@io.i Castle Clash 4.6 IGG.COM help.castle.android@igg.co Firefox Browser for Android 4.3 Mozilla ffandroidhelp@ozilla.co Twitch 4.4 Twitch Interactive, android@twitch.tv Inc Shaza 4.4 Shaza android.support@shazatea.co Entertainent Liited RIX FM 4 MTG AB info@rixf.se Radio FM 4 RadioFM radio-f@live.co SoundHound 4.3 SoundHound Inc. support-android@soundhound.co djay FREE 4.1 Algoriddi support@algoriddi.co Deezer Music 4 Deezer Mobile support@deezer.co Walk Band: 4.3 Revontulet Soft revontuletstudio@gail.co Piano,Guitar,Dru Inc.. Top Music 4.1 Top Music App topusicplayerfeedback@gail.co Player Shuttle Music Player 4.1 SipleCity support@siplecityapps.co Real Piano Free 4 Gisart gisartapps@gail.co Ringtone Maker and Editor 4.1 Zabaan Zabaanapps@gail.co Laya Music 4 SVAIRIN svairinapps@gail.co Player Voice Recorder 4.4 lovekara innovative_app@163.co My Guitar 4 Borce Trajkovski borcet@gail.co Music Player : Rocket Player 4.3 JRT Studio Music.Player@jrtstudio.co Collage Maker 4.1 Drea Solutions adroidcoolapps@gail.co Pro YouCa Perfect 4.3 CyberLink.co YouCaPerfect_AppSupport@cyberlink.co - Selfie Ca 46
HD Caera Ultra 4.3 Jess Developent jessdevelopent@gail.co Video Maker 4 Multiedia Apps ultiediaapps01@gail.co Splash Colour 4 Swiss scsoft+paintfx@gail.co Effects Codeonkeys Open Caera 4.2 Mark Haran ark.haran@ntlworld.co PhotoWonder 4.3 Baidu HK photowonder@baidu.co InstaMag 4.3 Fotoable,Inc. support@fotoable.co Sart 4.6 Alex Kravchenko sart.abp@gail.co AudioBook Player Hugo Troll Race 4 Hugo Gaes ApS hek@hugogaes.co Logo Quiz - 5 Mangoo Gaes playstore@angoo-gaes.co Svenska ärken EA SPORTS 4.4 ELECTRONIC help@eaobile.co UFC ARTS Criinal Case 4.6 Pretty Siple contact@prettysiplegaes.co Archery Master 3D 4.4 TerranDroid support@terrandroid.co Baby Cops: Tiny 4.1 TabTale WeCare@TabTale.co Police Acadey Monster Busters: 4.7 Purplekiwii support@purplekiwii.co Hexa Blast Banana Pirate 4.7 JDerp Studios jderp.studios@gail.co FRONTLINE 4.2 Glu androidsupport@glu.co COMMANDO: WW2 Princess PJ Party 4.1 TabTale WeCare@TabTale.co Fashion Story: 4.4 Stor8 Studios support@stor8.co Pink Punk YAHTZEE 4.5 Scopely yahtzeesupport@scopely.co With Buddies Fancy Nail Shop 4 Tabtale WeCare@TabTale.co Splash: 4 DeNA Corp. support@obage.co Underwater Sanctuary Iplosion - Never Lose Hope 4.5 Rayark Inc service@rayark.co Foot Surgery Siulator 4 667g app.6677g@gail.co Restaurant Story: 4.5 Earth Day Stor8 Studios support@stor8.co Borderline - Life on the Line 4.2 CrazyLabs WeCare@TabTale.co Captain Rocket 4.3 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co UNT 4.8 NTM AB support@teknoedia.se Candy Block Pop 4.1 block bubble tap yushukuis@gail.co Pinball Sniper 4.5 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co Candy Bubble Shooter 4.2 pop star red qiukuikans@gail.co Police Cars vs Street Racers 4.2 VascoGaes info@vascogaes.co TeeHee: Official Ryan Higa App 4.9 Ryan Higa services@creator.us Moy Queen's 4.2 Kids Go Media contact@kidsgoedia.co Newborn Ice Baby 47
5 Differences ~ Photo Quiz 4.3 Taps Arena android@tapsarena.co Crie Town Police Car Driver 4.1 Tapinator, Inc. (Ticker: TAPM) info@tapinator.co Hovercraft - 4.6 High Score Hero hovercraft@highscorehero.co Build Fly Retry LLC Google 4.6 Google Inc. apps-help@google.co Handwriting Input Epires and 4.6 Zynga support@zynga.co Allies Truck Driver 3D: 4 Offroad Rooster Gaes info@roostergaes.net Candy Sugar Splash 4.2 Fat Face Photo Frae yuanxianshs@163.co Unblock Ball 4.3 igold Technologies support@igoldtech.co Dragon Hills 4.7 Rebel Twins rebeltwins@gail.co Police Moto Driver 4 nullapp support@nullapp.co Cruise Kids - Ride the Waves 4 Tabtale WeCare@TabTale.co Perfect Pitch HighSchool Girls 4.4 Ipro contact@iprogaes.net Peppa in the Superarket 4.1 Peppa pig gaes lordshlet@gail.co Secret 4.1 Pocket Ges support@pocketges.co Passages:Hidden Objects Eleven(11) 4.2 boxes ania bosesania@gail.co Dungeon Link 4.6 GAMEVIL Inc contact@gaevilusa.co Escape City 4.5 Mobigrow obigrow@gail.co My Newborn Pet Baby 4.2 Libii wecare@libii.co Reote Control for TV 4 TUR Software Developing kaidoganceli@gail.co Ice Moy's 4.3 6677g app.6677g@gail.co Newborn Baby Magic Rush: 4.5 Elex agicrush_help@elex.co Heroes Fashion Doll: Pastry Chef SPA 4.3 Salon lucy@ystylinglounge.co City 4.1 Chi Chi Gaes a25571955@yahoo.co.tw Crie:Mafia Assassin 3D Furious Racing 4.2 Haerhead contact.haerheadstudio@gail.co Studio Party Bus Driver 4.1 Tapinator, Inc. info@tapinator.co 2015 (Ticker: TAPM) Pop Ge HD 4.3 GiGalaxy support@gigalaxy.co Pony Gives Birth 4.2 Baby Gaes Titan Media titanedia11@gail.co FilOn Faily Live TV Free 4.1 Flon support@filon.co Gold Thee for 4.6 Eoji Keyboard yuyongqins@gail.co KikaKeyboard Thee Studio Pet Heroes: 4.3 Libii wecare@libii.co Firean 48
Candy Bubble World 4.1 block bubble tap yushukuis@gail.co Shall we 4.7 NTT Solare ad-bloodrosep-egsupport@nttsolare.co date?:blood in Corp. Roses+ Driver Speedboat 4.3 Ubisoft android.support@ubisoft.co Paradise Entertainent Reskoll 5 MTR Stockhol reskoll@tr.se Stockhol AB Wedding 4.3 TNN gae tnngae@gail.co Preparation Salon Lion vs Zobies 4 Tapinator, Inc. info@tapinator.co (Ticker: TAPM) TWIST3D 4.1 Chroa Studios hello@chroa-studios.co Fake Call & Fake 4.2 SMS Onex Softech onexsoftechapps@gail.co AIK Fotboll atchprogra 5 AIK Fotboll AB fotboll@aik.se Furious 3D 4.4 MobileGaes obilegaesbv@gail.co Abulance Race 2015 Grand Escape 4.5 Goblin LLC goblinllc@gail.co Furious Fast Taxi 4.2 TricoGaes tricogaes@gail.co Driver 2015 Helicopter Flight 4 i6 Gaes adin@i6.co Siulator 3D Keypad Lock Screen 4.6 WoW Lock Screen ChristopherRitchiert58@gail.co MobiTV - Watch 4.4 TV Live Undertap support@undertap.co Furious Russian 4.2 MobilePlus obileplusbv@gail.co Vendetta Kitty Moy 4.3 Kids Go Media contact@kidsgoedia.co Angel's New Baby Police Car Racer 4 sst labexception@gail.co 3D PopCorn Blast 4.4 RetroStyle Gaes rsgandroidua@gail.co Crazy Dessert Maker 4.3 Sunstor WeCare@TabTale.co Peppa kids ini 4.1 Peppa pig gaes lordshlet@gail.co gaes City Biker 3D 4.3 Tapinator, Inc. info@tapinator.co (Ticker: TAPM) Bakery Story: Spring 4.5 Stor8 Studios support@stor8.co Ninja Runner 3D 4.1 Fast Free Gaes dzkdes@gail.co Wild West Escape 4.5 Trapped trappedllc@gail.co Nitro Nation 4.1 Creative Mobile support@creative-obile.co Stories Block Shock 4 Apex Apps apexappsdcc@gail.co DMCC Pet heros land 4.1 MonkeyIde MickeyGordonuy7@gail.co Solitaire King 4.4 obirix help@obirix.co Word Acadey 4.5 SCIMOB wordacadey@sciob.co Must Deliver 4.6 cherrypick gaes artin@cherrypickgaes.co 49
Parkour 4.1 Tab Ause Studio TabAuseStudio@gail.co Siulator First Person PlayTube 4.2 Alfa Studio wartubeusic@gail.co Baby Hazel Siblings Day 4.4 Axis Entertainent contact@axisentertainent.org Crie City Street 4 i6 Gaes adin@i6.co Driving 3D Firean 4.3 MobileGaes obilegaesbv@gail.co Eergency Rescue 2015 Zoo Puzzle for kids & toddlers 4.9 Puzzle King AB support@jcbsystes.co Nationsguiden 5 Swace Digital AB developer@swace.se Monster Puzzle 3D MMORPG 4.5 Wizardcoders Gaes wizardcodersgaes@gail.co Tiltagon 4.1 Noodlecake support+android@noodlecake.co Studios Inc This Means 4 kaba contact@kaba.co WAR! Super realis Clock Weather 4.6 Weather Widget Tea support@infolife.obi Words Crush! 4.4 BitMango contact@bitango.co Balloons Pop 4 Peppa pig gaes lordshlet@gail.co Peppa Kids Gaes Lazys Clean & 4.5 Lazys Austra lazysaustra@gail.co Wipe PlayTube HD 4.4 aoaibio aoaibioedia267@gail.co Free Mp3 Music PRO PDF Reader 4.4 Ivan Ivanenko ivan.ivanenko@gail.co Sverige Radio 4.7 Pollux Studios allaboutradiosapp@gail.co Running Circles 4.2 BooBit Gaes info@boobitgaes.co Final Fable 4.4 IGG.COM help.fable.android@igg.co Angry Birds Fight! 4.4 Rovio Entertainent Ltd. support@rovio.co Arrow 4.3 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co Sart Search & Web Browser 4.5 Reactive Phone info@sartsearchapp.co Far Story 2: 4.2 Stor8 Studios support@stor8.co Birthday Party Crazy Beach 4.1 Coco Play By WeCare@TabTale.co Party-Coco TabTale Suer! Res i STHLM: 4.7 Nobina resisthl@nobina.se SL trip planner Kodi 4.7 XBMC Foundation androidsupport@kodi.tv Kivra 4.3 Kivra support@kivra.co Bohusläningen 4 Stapen Local Media webaster@stapen.co Triple Jup 4 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co Transparent 4.2 Kuboo Gae ednlabs@gail.co Launcher Studios Caera Brickies 4 Noodlecake support+android@noodlecake.co 50
Studios Inc P3 Radio 4.3 Sveriges Radio henrik.tornberg@sverigesradio.se Digging Mania 4.1 konaobile konaobile390@gail.co Spot the 4.1 Taps Arena android@tapsarena.co Difference! My Tiny Pet 4.3 CanadaDroid contact@canadadroid.co HTC Sense Input 4.2 Htc cooperation gp_ie@htc.co - EN Donut Haze 4.1 Qublix Gaes support@qublix.co NA O Open Art 4.5 Proedia uv@proedia.se Mitt Dory 4.2 Dory Golf datasupport@dory.se HTC Sense Input 4.4 Htc cooperation gp_ie@htc.co - EN(UK) Siegefall 4.2 Gaeloft android.support@gaeloft.co Doteater 4.3 Tiny Gaes Srl support@tinygaes.it My Sweet 4.1 Tabtale WeCare@TabTale.co Bakery - Donut Shop (FREE) GO SMS 4.5 Ztart yuxin.cpp@gail.co LUMINOUS THEME Extree Car 4.2 Tapinator, Inc. info@tapinator.co Stunts 3D (Ticker: TAPM) Deolition 4.2 Lunagaes Fun & support@lunagaes.co Derby: Crash Gaes Racing Real Cricket Test Match 4 Nautilus Mobile anuj.ankar@nautilusobile.co Dubai Drift 2 4.1 Zero Four LLC ftechnologygaes@gail.co Perfect Kick 4.4 Gaegou Liited pk@gaegou.co Meorado - 4.4 Meorado Gbh info@eorado.co Brain Gaes Paperaa 4.4 FDG support@fdg-entertainent.co Entertainent GbH & Co.KG Angry Birds 2 4.6 Rovio support@rovio.co Entertainent Ltd. Warhaer 4.1 HeroCraft Ltd support@herocraft.co 40,000: Space Wolf VEGA Conflict 4.1 KIXEYE support@kixeye.co Pocket Mine 2 4.3 Roofdog Gaes support@roofdog.ca Heroes of Order & Chaos 4.3 Gaeloft android.support@gaeloft.co Etherlords (Arena) 4.4 Nival ether_support@nivalnetwork.co Feed Me Oil 2 4.3 CHILLINGO android_support@chillingo.co Super Muzzle 4.1 Die Studios support@diestudios.co Flash Battle of Heroes 4.3 Ubisoft android.support@ubisoft.co Entertainent Kritika: The White Knights 4.2 GAMEVIL Inc help@gaevil.co Dungeon Rush 4 DH Gaes dr_feedback@droidhang.co 51
Monster Squad 4.3 NEXON M Inc. support@nexon.co Tiny Warriors 4 Noodlecake Studios Inc support+android@noodlecake.co League of 4.4 GTArcade gtarcadeapp@gail.co Angels -Fire Raiders The Secret Society 4.3 G5 Entertainent support@g5e.co Pirate Battles: Corsairs Bay 4 HeroCraft Ltd support@herocraft.co JellyKing : Rule The World 4 Jellyking Studio cs@sartstudy.co.kr King of Thieves 4.4 ZeptoLab kingofthieves@zeptolab.co Ball King 4.5 Qwiboo Ltd qwiboo@qwiboo.co Happy Chicken Town 4 (주)쏘뉴 custoer@sonew.co.kr Bears vs. Art 4.2 Halfbrick Studios bearsvsart@halfbrick.co Zen Koi - Breed 4.2 LandShark support@landsharkgaes.co & Collect Fish Ingress 4.3 NianticLabs@Goo ingress-support@google.co gle DRAGON 4 BANDAI ww_dragonballz_db_ad@net.bandai.co.jp BALL Z NAMCO DOKKAN BATTLE Konbini Story 4.3 Gaenai support@gaebatte.co Epire: Four Kingdos 4.2 Goodgae Studios epirefourkingdos@support.goodgaestudi os.co Solitaire TriPeaks 4.3 GSN.co solitairetripeakssupport@gsn.co Kill Shot 4.3 Hothead Gaes support@hotheadgaes.co GrandChase M 4.1 Eyedentity Mobile ozsupport@eyedentityobile.co Bears vs. Art 4.2 Halfbrick Studios bearsvsart@halfbrick.co Super Muzzle Flash 4.1 Die Studios support@diestudios.co Yr 4.2 NRK support@yr.no Copass 4.3 espengineer espengineer.info@gail.co Candy Crush 4.3 King ccsfeedback@king.co Saga Booking.co 4.6 Booking.co android-feedback@booking.co Hotel Reservations Crossy Road 4.5 Yodo1 Gaes gpsupport@yodo1.co App of the Day - 4.4 Appturbo android.support.ca@appturbo.net 100% Free V live 4.4 NAVER Corp. dl_vappsus@navercorp.co Broadcasting app GO SMS Thee 4.3 GO Dev Tea gossdiyfeedback@gail.co DIY Cloud Path 4.2 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co Case Siulator 2 4.3 Soked Studios sokedstudios@gail.co Luxury Clock 4.4 Cheetah Mobile clocker@cc.co CM Locker 52
Thee Snowboard 4 EnJen Gaes enjensol@gail.co Freestyle Mountain Stagefright Detector 4.3 Lookout Mobile Security support@lookout.co Allone 4.5 Allone AB info@alloneapp.co Extree Car 4.1 Pudlus Gaes peter.jobbagy.play@gail.co Driving 2016 Funny Photo 4 Dexati alex.barhaah@gail.co Effects Best Fiends 4.5 Digital studios support@seriously.co Arcane Legends 4.4 Spacetie Gaes support@spacetiestudios.co Nitro Nation Online Racing 4.3 Creative Mobile support@creative-obile.co Don't get fired! 4.1 QuickTurtle quick_turtle_en@naver.co MARVEL 4.2 Kaba contact@kaba.co Contest of Chapions Top Developer 4.5 TACOTY JP adc appservice@kdanobile.co Fast & Furious: Legacy Onefootball - 4.5 Onefootball info@onefootball.co Pure Soccer! Musixatch 4.5 Musixatch androidapp@usixatch.co usic & lyrics IF by IFTTT 4.1 IFTTT support+android@ifttt.co Forza Soccer 4.6 FootballAddicts support@footballaddicts.co Boto the Pink Dolphin 4 Creative Bob Co. creativebob@gail.co Adobe Brush CC 4 Adobe PCT-Android-Market@adobe.co RedBull.co 4.4 redbull inc redbullcoapp@support.redbull.co Perfectly Clear 4.2 Athentech help@athentech.co BUBL Ice Crea 5 Fox sheep contact@foxandsheep.co Adobe Shape CC 4.1 Adobe. PCT-Android-Market@adobe.co Hexlock - App 4.4 Liquidu Liited support@liquidu.co Lock Security Multi Measures: 4.2 SkyPaw Co.,Ltd contact@skypaw.co All-in-1 kit Quip: Docs, 4.1 Quip, Inc. support@quip.co Chat, Spreadsheets Jelly Band 4.3 Infinite Dreas support@idreas.pl ICQ - Free video 4.3 Icq obilesupport@icq.co calls & chat Legend - 4.2 Stupeflix Inc. help@legend.i Aniate Text in Video Scooter Freestyle 4 EnJen Gaes enjensol@gail.co Extree 3D Legion of Heroes 4.3 NEXON COMP -support@nexon.co Rally Racer Dirt 4.2 Sbkgaes sbkgaesco@gail.co Tekken Card 4.1 Tekken support@tekken-card-tournaent.co 53
Tournaent (CCG) Can You Escape - Tower 4.2 MobiGrow obigrow@gail.co ICC T20 World Cup 2012 4 Zapak support@reliancegaes.co Top Developer 4.1 WGT ebers@worldgolftour.co WGT : World Golf Tour Gae PLAY KBC 9 : 4.1 KGS skalavadia8@gail.co HINDI Epire Z 4.2 Eber Entertainent contact@eber-entertainent.co Roulette Royale 4.1 Mywavia Studios anddev@ywavia.co FREE Casino Real Cricket Test Match 4 Nautilus Mobile anuj.ankar@nautilusobile.co Boost Power 4.1 gaes2win android@gaes2win.co Cricket Clash of Mafias 4.4 IGG.COM help.afias.android@igg.co Nazara Cricket 4 Nazaragaes gaes@nazara.co Master Blaster 4 gaes2win android@gaes2win.co T20 Cricket Bike Mayhe 4.2 Best Free Gaes awesoe@bestfreegaes.obi Free Inc. Cricket 2015 Top 4 Tinysol Studio grland786@gail.co Gaes Bocce 3D 4 Giraffe Gaes support@giraffe-gaes.co Liited Snowboard Party 4.4 ratrodstudio support@ratrodstudio.co Lite PES CLUB 4.2 Konai ask-konai@faq.konai.jp MANAGER Real Cricket 4.1 nautilusobile anuj.ankar@nautilusobile.co English 20 Bash Pool Break 3D 4.2 kineticbytes support@kineticbytes.co Billiard Snooker SUPER 4.3 Nikhil Suresh info@supercricket2.co CRICKET 2 KungFu Warrior 4.2 Triniti Interactive googleplaysupport@trinitigae.co Ltd Head Soccer La 4.3 Liga de Fútbol ligaovil.lfp@gail.co Liga Profesional Kanche 4 puransoftware support@puransoftware.co First Touch 4.5 First Touch support@ftgaes.co Soccer 2015 MX Motocross 4.3 vndynapp vndynapp@gail.co Free Play KBC 2015 4.1 Gaetion higoldey@gail.co ONE PIECE 4.6 BANDAI ww_onepiece_tc_ad@net.bandai.co.jp TREASURE NAMCO CRUISE Entertainent World T20 4 Gaes2win.co android@gaes2win.co Cricket Chaps- 2015 Taichi Panda 4.1 snailgaesusa support@snailgaesusa.co Flick Shoot UK 4.5 MobileCraft support@obilecraft.net 54
Modern Cobat 5: Blackout 4.2 Gaeloft android.support@gaeloft.co Flick Shoot US: Multiplayer 4.6 raza inc raza.ali@hotail.co Far Village 4.3 Playday Gaes support.fargoogle@playday-gaes.co Deck Heroes 4.7 IGG help.deckheroes@igg.co Texas Hold'e 4.2 Haolan Qin headsupftw@gail.co Tap Titans 4.7 Gaehivepublishe TTGP@gaehive.co r Brave Trials 4.3 Andy andy-frugon@outlook.co Epires and Allies 4.4 Zynga android.support@zynga.co%20 Puped: BMX 4.1 noodlecake support+android@noodlecake.co Free Studios Inc Monster Squad 4.3 NEXON M Inc. support@nexon.co imobsters 4.3 Stor8 Gaes support@stor8.co DOWNTOWN MAFIA (RPG) 4.3 DYNAMICNEXT android@dtafia.obi Forces of War 4.3 Ukengaes forces@uken.co Can You Escape - Adventure 4.2 Mobiobs obigrow@gail.co Escape The Ghost Town 4 A-S-G arored.sandals@gail.co Pool Live Tour 4.4 Geewa plt.android@geewa.zendesk.co DoiNations 4.3 Nexon support@nexon.co Tech Deck Skateboarding 4 Spin Master Studios phucv@spinaster.co Table Tennis 3D 4.1 The app guruz techadroit2@gail.co Live Ping Pong Wrestling 4.2 Mdickie at@dickie.co Revolution WWE Presents: Rockpocalypse 4.1 wwe,inc wwegtech@gail.co Tie To Escape 4.2 Goblinllc goblinllc@gail.co Stick Soccer 4.7 stick sport appsupport@sticksports.co Batan Arkha Origins 4.2 warner bros obilesupport@wbgaes.co Top Developer 4.4 Disney support@disneyobile.co Inside Out Thought Bubbles Laser Gun Prank 4.5 Laser X bhdekorasyon@gail.co Cracked Screen 4.5 Technology expertise techexsupp@gail.co Bouncing Ball 3.9 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co Pregnant Girl 4.1 Purple Studio kiyehonzu@gail.co Eergency Doctor Baby Monster 4.6 Kaufco Gaes bauandroid@googleail.co Truck Gae Apps Widgets Cars Surprise Eggs 4.3 IdeaMK support@ideak.co Peppa on the river 4.1 Peppa pig gaes lordshlet@gail.co iha Store 4.5 ihackalbania DEV adin@ihackalbania.co InstaFollow Get 4.7 5000FforF vanpharelu@gail.co 55
5000Followers Gran Knit Siulator 4.1 FunXL Apps FunXLApps@gail.co FC Barcelona 4.5 KIBO fcbarcelona@kibo.obi Official Keyboard GUN STRIKER 4.2 (주)도연게임즈 dyghelp@gail.co Pasta & Pizza - Food Maker! 4.1 Kids Food Gaes Inc. hannah@kidsfoodinc.co Book Reader(β) 4.6 binzue kkawahira@gail.co PDF Reader Pro 4.7 Dung Carles dunglv299@gail.co PDF Reader - 4.5 Kdan Mobile appservice@kdanobile.co Scan, Edit & Software Ltd. Share Battery Man 4.7 TACOTY JP adc ChargeSaving.BatteryMan@gail.co Battery StatusBar 4.1 JSC Co.,Ltd. android_support@jscinc.co.jp Cliffy Jup 4.3 WeGo Interactive cs.wegoi@wegoi.co Co., LTD Juping Fox: 4.2 Thubspire thubspire@gail.co Clib That Tree! USA Crie City 2015 4.6 Vasogaes support@vascogaes.co August Festival 4 Sukfest support@greencopper.co Wrestle Funny 4.1 GuonianGae guoniangae@gail.co Top Developer 4.2 Disney Publishing eberservices@disneydigitalbooks.co Disney Creativity Worldwide Studio 2 Crazy Beach 4 Coco Play By WeCare@TabTale.co Party-Coco TabTale Suer! Res i STHLM: 4.1 Nobina resisthl@nobina.se SL trip planner Kodi 4.3 XBMC androidsupport@kodi.tv Foundation Kivra 4.7 Kivra support@kivra.co Bohusläningen 4.2 Stapen Local webaster@stapen.co Media Triple Jup 4.6 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.co Transparent 4.1 Kuboo Gae ednlabs@gail.co Launcher Studios Caera The Secret 4.3 G5 Entertainent support@g5e.co Society Clock Live 4.3 yadavapp yadavapp@gail.co Wallpaper QR Code Scan & 4.2 Barcode Scanner pickwick santa pickwick.santa@gail.co ElectroDroid 4.7 Iero info@electrodroid.it CPU-Z 4.5 CPUID dev.cpuid@gail.co Prayer Ties 4.7 Dawat e islai support@dawateislai.net Conversation Translator 4.3 NyxCore sup.nyxcore@gail.co Flashlight: LED Torch Light 4.3 Mobile Apps ay678890@gail.co Turbo Download 4.1 Point Blank sup.okysoftware@gail.co 56
Manager Translator 4.3 Recoendado support@freetranslator.co Musli Azan & Salah Ties 4.5 MasjidNow by Yousuf Jukaku obile@asjidnow.co DU Flashlight - Brightest LED 4.3 DU Apps feedback@duapps.co Acer Life 4.1 Acer Inc. JuYu.Huang@acer.co Weather 2.2 Free VPN 4.3 Viatun Software support@viatun.co VIATUN Inc. IDM - Download 4.1 Manager Guru inc vuthaitrung.inc@gail.co Tasbeeh counter: 4.6 AwardSofts etasbih@gail.co zikr, tasbih Zvondik (Call 4.2 ViktorDegt viktordegt@gail.co recorder) Unified Reote 4.5 Unified Intents support@unifiedreote.co Classic Black 4.4 15 zw@15.cn Thee - ZERO Freapp - Free 4.5 NB lab contact@freapp.co Apps Daily! Super Bright Flashlight 4 SiilarGroup googleplay@siilargroup.co Voice Recorder 4.2 Appliqato support@appliqato.co Fallout Shelter 4.6 Bethesda Softworks LLC falloutshelterhelp@ail.bethesda.net Top Eleven Be a Soccer Manager 4.4 Nordeus support.topeleven@nordeus.co Vikings: War of Clans 4.3 Plariu Global Ltd gaes.support@plariu.co Iron Desert - Fire 4.1 Stor My.co B.V Halfbrick Studios Big Bear 4.3 Super Awesoe Inc. contact@superawesoe.co.kr ICARUS 4.2 Livezen Corp livezencs@gail.co Package Nae Viewer 4.2 GIJOON gijoonapps@gail.co Dragons: Rise of Berk 4.2 Ludia Inc. support@ludia.co Trivia Crack 4.5 Eterax support@triviacrack.co Bubble Shooter Pop 4.2 Paleblue paleblue.co.kr@gail.co Pet Rescue Saga 4.2 King petrescueobile@support.king.co Ocean Blast 4.3 Pandastic Gaes support@pandasticgaes.co Faily Far Seaside 4.2 Dindian support@funplus.ail.helpshift.co Words With Friends 4.3 Zynga android.support@zynga.co%20 Top Far 4.2 Halfbrick Studios support@vostu.co I love pasta 4 PATI Gaes Corp. inqury.ilp@patigaes.co Battlestation: Harbinger 4.7 Bugbyte support@bugbyte.fi LEGO Batan: 4.2 Warner Bros. support@wbgaes.co Beyond Gotha Gathering Sky 4.4 A stranger gravity contact@astrangergravity.co World Cricket 4.2 Nextwave cricket@nextwaveultiedia.co 57
Chapionship Multiedia Inc Card Crawl 4.2 Arnold Reurs hello@tinytouchtales.co March of Epires 4.2 Gaeloft android.support@gaeloft.co FootLOL: Crazy Soccer 4.3 HeroCraft support@herocraft.co Blood Gate - Age 4.2 of Alchey Dena Corp support@obage.co This War of Mine 4.7 11bitstudios techsupport@11bitstudios.co Show Me the Money Part1 4.5 Y Factory support@yfactorysoft.co djay FREE - DJ 4.2 Algoriddi support@algoriddi.co Mix Reix Music Papyrus - Natural 4.2 Steadfast support@papyrusapp.co Note Taking Innovation, LLC AZ Caera - 4.4 Hecorat Caera az.caera.hecorat@gail.co Manual Pro Ca File Coander 4.2 Mobisystes support@obisystes.co - File Manager Wego Flights & Hotels 4.3 Wego.co obile@wego.co Peak - Brain 4.5 Peaklabs support@peak.net Training Veooz: Latest & 4.4 Veooz Labs contact@veooz.co Personal News GolfNow GPS Rangefinder 4.4 Golfnow golfnowobile@gail.co Pepe & Friends 4.4 Nexon Ali.usan@gail.co Play Storybook Device Assist 4.2 Google device-assist-help@google.co The Spiritual Man 4.2 Christ's servant inawillia@gail.co Hoe Library - Free Books 4.4 Sky Horse Apps daria.skyhorse@gail.co Quran in Urdu ق مامن همجرت 4.5 Goodword Books goodword99@gail.co Prophets' stories 4.5 Bangla droid bangladroid@gail.co in isla Holy Qur'an 4.5 BooApp sasouapp@gail.co (read and listen) Tajveed 4.7 Dhariyat dhariyat.apps@gail.co Khawabon Ki 4.1 Tapps Venture taha.elearner@gail.co Tabeer Learn Quran 4.5 Perfect Islaic adin@goislaic.co Basics Apps Yajooj Majooj in Urdu 4 Oracle Developers oracle.lords@gail.co The Law of 4.1 FREEBOOKS vade.ecu.juridico.copleto@gail.co Attraction Editora BOOK AsaUlHusna 4.6 AppTriple yasar.pervaiz@yahoo.co All Bible Stories 4.4 AaliaDev tyasa1989@gail.co Quotes 4.2 Real Drea real.drea.apps@gail.co Asaan Naaz 4.5 Saudagran Tech azora.bs@gail.co Sahih Al Bukhari 4.6 Trios Labs trioslabs@gail.co 58
Think and Grow Rich 4.3 Thanakorn Papan thanakornpapan@gail.co Quotes Book 4.4 naveeninfotech androappdev2014@gail.co Free ebooks - Classics 4.1 Freetop10ebooks.c o support@freetop10ebooks.co Telugu 4.3 Ra Mareedu ras.areedu@gail.co Telusukondi Sahih Al Bukhari 4.6 Geek Brain Studio geekbrainstudio@gail.co Book-3 The Art of War Audiobook 4.3 Darrick Kouns / JVB Enterprise adin@jvbservices.net Middle Earth Index 4.3 Ti Dyck tidyck8@gail.co Bahishti Zewar 4.5 Netsolution support@netsolutions.co Mushaf Tajweed 4.5 Oar Raadan oar.raadan@berkeley.edu Waka 4.3 Vega cooperation support@waka.vn Goodreads 4.1 Goodreads support@goodreads.co BFGuide - Brave Frontier Guide 4.6 Pha Thi Thuy Anh thuyanh16191@gail.co Photo Editor 4.3 Lyrebird Studio lyrebirdstudio@gail.co Collage Maker Pro Pic Collage Editor 4.1 cucat cucat2006@gail.co Instazz 4.3 icoderz Solutions sudra.ashish@gail.co Forever Love Photo Fraes 4 Tejeiro Dev tejeiroandroid@gail.co PicLen - Fotos Photo 4.2 PicLen - Fotos Photo app.redstyle@gail.co Flower Love 4.1 Tejeiro Dev tejeiroandroid@gail.co Photo Fraes Venus 4.3 RC PLATFORM rcplatfor.help@gail.co Waterfall Live Wallpaper 4.1 Creative Factory Wallpapers creativefactoryca@gail.co Butterflies 3D live wallpaper 4.2 SkyDivers skydiverslab@gail.co Solo Launcher- 4.5 Solo Launcher solo.launcher.dev@gail.co Clean,Sooth,DI Tea Y Twilioid - Twilio 4 Nethra L.L.C. paul@nethra.co Connect Beta Clash of kings 4.3 Elex Wireless cok_help@elex.co Monuent Valley 4.7 ustwo support@onuentvalleygae.co The Roo 4.8 Fireproof Gaes info@fireproofgaes.co Crazy 4.3 Ezone.co support@ezone.co Snowboard Pro Doulingo 4.6 Duolingo android@duolingo.co 59
10 APPENDIX C: LOW RATED DEVELOPER S INFORMATION: This is publicly available inforation fro the GOOGLE PLAY STORE and it doesn t include any personal inforation that the developer s provided as part of the survey. Application Nae Rating Developer Nae Eail EQ - Music Player 3 DJiT support.eq@djitapps.co Equalizer SoundSeeder Music Player 3 JekApps jekapps@gail.co Car Music Player 3 Luis Teixeira LuDroid@gail.co Music Player Pro 3.5 Grass Alpine grassalpine@gail.co MO Player - MP3 Music 3.6 BRATSOFT bratin.ch@gail.co Player Shuffle Music Player beta 3.8 khannasahab affiance.yi@gail.co Caera MultiCaera 3.5 David Erosa david@forgottensystes.co Moent Caera Shares 3.5 frank.app faner.apk@gail.co Manner Caera 3.5 nadj nadj.2011@gail.co Caera Scanner 3.5 Wise Shark Software she.loves.apps@gail.co Sart Feed Reader 3.7 Scand Ltd. sartfeedreader@scand.co Reddit Reader 3.3 DahlenApps redditreader@eatybinx.c o PDB Book Reader 3.5 Topnet999 topnet999@gail.co News Reader 3.5 FlyingBus Studio contact@flyingbusstudio.c o Pal Reader Guide 3.5 Movisol android@ovisol.co Manga Meow - Manga Reader App 3.8 Gentouch Ltd. support@gentouchstudios. co Psychic Reader 3.6 TroopiFruity troopifruity@gail.co Oyster Reader 3.3 Vince Brown vincey.brown@gail.co Mail Reader for MSN 3.8 Woboid Systes theresaswade@gail.co Outlook King Turtle Run 3.3 imobifone ki.chu.zhu@gail.co Brick Run 3.6 ygaes adin@ygaes.co.il Wolf Run Slots 3.6 Falandofu faillandofu@gail.co Dino Run FREE 3.5 G-GEE GAMES support-a@ggee.co Bunny Run 2D 3.6 AppDegree appdegree@gail.co Bunny Run 3.6 Gae.Jungle ZhangPengc44@gail.co Run Dino Run 3.5 Bit of Gae bitofgae@gail.co Mouse Run 3.4 Dexati kuar@dexati.co Cobra Run 3.4 No Six Five support@nosixfive.co Dinosaur Run Race Master 3.6 Kaufco Gaes Apps Widgets bauandroid@googleail.co Running Frenzy 3.2 reactor possitron@gail.co Racing Motorbike Trial 3.6 Pudlus Gaes peter.jobbagy.play@gail. co Desert Traffic Race 3.6 LabException labexception@gail.co 60
Crie Racing City 3.6 Racing Gaes Inc. Shippdo82@gail.co Racing Gaes 3.6 Chuc MoEyes Phainhchucdd@gail. co Forula Car racing 3.5 JELLY GAMES.iran.tahir77@gail.co Jelly Racing 3.7 SMS Services LLC support@iqtapps.co Hill Racing 3.7 nullapp support@nullapp.co Dirt Bike Racing 3.7 TurboNUKE rob@turbonuke.co Real Forula Racing 3.4 Top Bike Race Car Gaes topbikeracecargaes@g ail.co Cross Cars Racing 3.7 Poo and Play klrxyz@gail.co Car racing 3.7 nullapp support@nullapp.co Retro Racing 3.7 Mr Qwak Liited supportplay@rqwak.co Racing Gaes 3.4 TheInvader360 theinvader360@gail.co Hill Racing 3.7 nullapp support@nullapp.co Dirt Bike Racing 3.7 TurboNUKE rob@turbonuke.co Real Forula Racing 3.4 Top Bike Race Car Gaes topbikeracecargaes@g ail.co Spying Eye 3.2 Eelooz support@eelooz.co Spy Caera Pro 3.8 ccloud apps cloudappsonearth@gail. co Night Vision Caera HD 3 ChillyBrad BrendanSavagekill@gail.co TrackAnyone - Location 3.7 VcareAll vcareallsoln@gail.co Spy Beauty fights zobies 3.9 Beauty&Dragon dt2gaes@gail.co Cavean Fight 3 Tops Gae pepperilk2350@gail.c o Machine Fury Run and 3.8 Raesh Babu raeshon@gail.co Fight Word Fight Online 3.6 Che che.android@gail.co Stick Men Fighting 2 3.5 H&G Mobile Apps office@hgobileapps.co Christas Santa Fight 3.8 Labda Studios labdagaestudio@gail.co Boxing Fight Gae 3.8 Chester Mobile chesterobilestar@gail. co Snowball fight 3.8 fuate Co., Ltd. jobhelper@fuate.co.jp 3D girls artial art 3.5 virtualinfoco vic.arijit@gail.co Stickan Fight Killing 3.2 Betoladodgers ladodgers1360@yahoo.co Fight Sounds Siulator 3.5 starbranches ricardotorres87@gail.co Anials Fighting War 3D 3.5 Pro 3D Gaes Developer zoneunity@gail.co Chinese Chess Fight 3.5 Nethru Liited ccfight@nethru.co Fighting Boxing Gae 3.7 kang yongyi kangyonyis@126.co (3D) Fight Fight Zobanite! 3.6 MojoBox Gaes MojoBoxGaes@gail.c o Tank Fight War 2014 3.8 KallCook doicoctinh@gail.co Fight on State 3.8 Cyclone Kick Studio ax@cyclonekick.co Zobies Hand Fight 3D 3.5 App Teeka adin@appteeka.co Guardian Fight 3.5 Cross Field Inc. crossfield3@gail.co Girl Group Fight Online 3.5 1Gaes help@playonegaes.co C More 2.5 C More Entertainent AB googleplay@core.se 61
Svenskalag 3.6 Svenskalag AB info@svenskalag.se Fotbollskapen 2.4 Intelligent Apps AB stefan@siegers.se Canal Digital GO 2.5 Canal Digital As developer@canaldigital.co Sn 3.9 General Adaptive Apps sales@generaladaptive.co Pty Ltd Ki 3 General Adaptive Apps Pty Ltd sales@generaladaptive.co Laser Gun Prank 2.9 Laser X bhdekorasyon@gail.co Cracked Screen 3.7 Technology expertise techexsupp@gail.co Bouncing Ball 3.9 Ketchapp support@ketchappgaes.c o ci 2.9 General Adaptive Apps sales@generaladaptive.co Pty Ltd ba 3.5 General Adaptive Apps sales@generaladaptive.co Pty Ltd Cycling365 3.3 SRM Reti e Mobilità progettieu@srbologna.it Russian Crie Siulator 3.9 Mine Gaes Craft ExigentGaes@gail.co Anno: Build an Epire 3.6 Ubisoft Entertainent android.support@ubisoft.c o Bus Rush 3.9 Play App King playappking@gail.co Stick Run 2.6 Aliens Lab alienslab32@gail.co ru 3.4 General Adaptive Apps Pty Ltd sales@generaladaptive.co sh 2.9 General Adaptive Apps Pty Ltd sales@generaladaptive.co E-tidning - TTELA 2 Stapen Local Media prenservice@ttela.se Exploration Craft 3.3 Sartties artin.jules@u-psud.fr Squaroid 2.4 Aliens Lab alienslab32@gail.co do 3.1 General Adaptive Apps Pty Ltd sales@generaladaptive.co Angry Shark Revenge 3D 3.6 Tapinator, Inc. (Ticker: TAPM) info@tapinator.co Friv Gaes 3.5 kekacen oyunoynacocuk5@gail.c o Big Days - Events 3.4 Astrovic App astrovicapp@gail.co Countdown Casino spel 1 Ballardeno Carenue baroutenonu@gail.co Crie Siulator 3.8 Get Through Asphalt apichuev@gail.co Circline -- Hardest Gae 3.1 Aliens Lab alienslab32@gail.co SiCraft : MultiCraft PE! 3.7 ITV Developer ichaelpor8@gail.co Plastic Surgery 3.5 Mobile Apps Developers ariya.odarchenko@gail.co Hjärtförbundet 1 AppInMed AB support@appined.co Five Nights At Minecraft 2.9 Millie Gaes gaesillie@gail.co Metro Train Siulator 2015 3.6 Sashing Geeks Sashinggeeks@gail.co pedoeter step count calories 3.8 Wako Developent wakodevelopent@gail. co Gun Siulator - Shoot 3.9 Guns Siulator GunShooterSiulator@ho Gun tail.net Parpas 3.8 Parks and Resorts parpasapp@parksandresort s.co 62
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